The French word "etiquette" has several meanings in Russian: "label", "inscription", "label", as well as "ceremonial", "etiquette".
Initially, it meant a peg to which a piece of paper with the name of the product was tied, and then the piece of paper itself with the inscription. Later, the concept of "etiquette" stood apart from the rest of the meanings of this word.
Etiquette is a set of rules of conduct established in a team and accepted as a norm of communication in various life situations. You can also define etiquette as a set of rules for dealing with people; both written (established) and others, transmitted from person to person informally.
The etiquette of employees of internal affairs bodies is an integral part of their moral, aesthetic culture, which includes regulated forms of behavior and communication with citizens. Knowledge of the norms and rules of official etiquette is one of the most important indicators (and even criteria) of the professionalism and general culture of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.
Etiquette governs manners. Manners - the ability to behave, the external form of behavior. Manners include some features of speech (tone, intonation), gestures, facial expressions, gait.
A distinctive feature of the official etiquette of employees of the internal affairs bodies is its normative nature: communication here is regulated by charters, orders, instructions, instructions, the implementation of which is strictly mandatory.
The main norms and rules that ensure the beauty of relations between employees of internal affairs bodies are:
strict subordination;
Conscious discipline
· mutual respect;
Respect for senior in rank, position, age;
diligence, punctuality, initiative, endurance, calmness, etc.
In official activities, it is important to adhere to the norms of subordination based on the obligatory subordination of juniors to seniors, the rules of service discipline and a clear delineation of professional powers.
In turn, subordination implies: power and subordination, diligence, control, coordination of one’s actions with the actions of other employees, a ban on the actions of a subordinate over the head of his/her immediate supervisor, designation of the “framework of competence” in making managerial decisions, fixing official rights and duties.
Norms of etiquette are instructions on specific forms of behavior in society. Compliance with them makes communication between people much more pleasant than if these norms are violated or neglected.
The basic norms far from exhaust all the norms of official etiquette. At present, special "reminders" containing the rules of conduct have been developed. Their purpose is to help leaders organize both personal behavior and the behavior of subordinates to create a favorable moral and psychological climate in the team.
Do not criticize unnecessarily, criticism is a means, not an end;
Do not repeat either publicly or one-on-one critical remarks about the person who corrected the situation;
Do not interfere unnecessarily in the affairs of a subordinate;
the ability to abandon one's wrong decision is more important than false prestige;
· When persuading, do not use power until you have exhausted all other means;
Always thank for good work, but do not thank for bad work;
Do not make remarks to subordinates in the presence of strangers;
The object of criticism should most often be a poorly done job, not a person;
criticism of the mistakes of subordinates should not kill their sense of independence;
The higher the rank of the leader, the more attention and time he should devote to prospects;
The lower the rank of the leader, the more attention and time he should pay to human relations, the ability to speak, talk, listen;
never get irritated, have patience;
never swear (do not swear);
· do not be ashamed of elegance;
· make sure that your employees are freed from worries that distract them from work;
learn from your mistakes;
· be attentive to other people's opinions;
Be objective in evaluating proposals coming from people who are unpleasant for you;
Be attentive and objective to useless offers. To reject grossly useless offers now is to deprive oneself of the possibility of receiving useful offers in the future;
When rejecting proposals, be tactful and polite, but the desire for politeness should not change the essence of the decision;
work cannot be successful if an atmosphere of an indispensable leader is created;
Do not be afraid of talented subordinates, try to support their reasonable undertakings;
Knowing the capabilities of your employees is the dignity and advantage of a good boss;
the ability to combine humanity with exactingness is a prerequisite for a healthy moral climate in the team;
When giving orders, be brief;
The highest form of disrespect for subordinates is to delay the start of work due to the manager being late or the meeting being unprepared;
a good boss makes comments as shortcomings in the work of subordinates are discovered, a bad boss saves them for public dressing;
Your confidence in the success of the business is the confidence of the whole team;
· be brief in telephone conversations;
Know how to obey
If you want your subordinates to have qualities that are useful for work, develop them in yourself;
deal only with those issues for which your participation is mandatory (your experience, outlook, authority);
Nothing decomposes work so much as attributing the merits of the team to one person;
When criticizing any employee, create an environment that encourages business-like responses and comments;
Be self-critical
Be the boss at work. Outside the labor process, you are equal to any employee from the members of the team;
a cultured person greets first;
Remember that dubious sources of information (gossip, gossip) are harmful primarily to you;
· be fair to a person's service characteristics, even if your relationship leaves much to be desired. It is quite possible that his attitude towards you is a consequence of your imperfections;
· starting your official activity, make sure that your rational principles of work from the very beginning become known to your subordinates;
· you can sometimes not check the positive evaluation of a person. But you have no right to use without verification any negative characteristics of your subordinates;
· be vigilant to those who praise you. Look for motives for their actions. Beware of flattery and excessive praise;
Do not neglect the knowledge of the little things in the life of subordinates, but do not advertise this knowledge (do not make them the subject of public speaking unnecessarily);
Knowledge of the motives of people's actions is one of the foundations for the formation of a business mood;
Do not forget that subordinates have a family, and family members have significant dates;
Require the implementation of certain rules, check whether you follow them yourself;
Prefer a pleasant, but non-initiative worker "ruffy";
Remember that your shortcomings are multiplied by the number of subordinates for whom you are a great authority and an object of imitation.
Service ethics perform many different functions. It contributes to the unity of employees, the organization of a healthy psychological climate, ensuring the effectiveness of performance, moral and aesthetic education.
Service etiquette also includes the norms of informal relations, which are based on politeness, tact, modesty, delicacy, accuracy and commitment.
These qualities make the process of communication pleasant, joyful, interesting, they contribute to the manifestation of mutual understanding, trust, sympathy between people.
On the contrary, incontinence, laxity, lack of concentration, familiarity, immoderate gesticulation, the habit of grabbing the interlocutor by the clothes, hands, looking away during a conversation, interrupting speech, etc. are anti-aesthetic qualities of manner, testify to the low culture of a person, the underdevelopment of his feelings , tastes, ideas. They do not contribute to mutual understanding between people, and make the process of communication painful and unpleasant.
The generally accepted norms and rules of conduct include: politeness and tact, simplicity and modesty, honesty and truthfulness, frankness and directness, generosity and generosity, responsiveness and sensitivity, moral purity, mutual assistance, mutual respect and other norms of community life, without which the normal existence of society is impossible. .
“Nothing costs us so cheaply and is not valued as dearly as politeness” - everyone knows this expression of M. Cervantes, which has become popular. In politeness, the subtlety of a person’s mental organization is manifested, behind it is his upbringing, it implies intelligence, intelligence and simply a kind attitude towards people, it is the need of cultured people. Everyone wants to be seen first of all as a human and to be treated like a human being.
“Educated people,” wrote A.P. Chekhov, “in my opinion, must satisfy the following conditions: they respect the human person, and therefore are always condescending, gentle, polite, compliant ... They are sincere and afraid of lies, like fire ... If they have a talent in themselves, then they respect it ... They cultivate aesthetics in themselves.
Politeness is manifested in all spheres of life and activities of employees: in service, study, everyday life; in their relations with citizens; in relations with offenders, victims, witnesses; in communication between the employees themselves (boss and subordinate, senior and junior or equal in position and rank). Politeness includes a system of rules of different content, which fix the most appropriate forms of contacts between people, namely: respect for people, benevolence, attentiveness and showing genuine interest in a person, readiness to help in time and provide a service to everyone who needs it. ; give way, way, skip ahead, etc .; the desire not to disturb a person with their actions, the habit of apologizing for the inconveniences unwittingly delivered to a person, etc. The opposite of politeness is rudeness, rudeness, a manifestation of arrogance and a dismissive attitude towards people.
Sensitivity to people associated with polite treatment breeds delicacy. A delicate person by his behavior can prevent any rudeness. Having assessed the situation, he chooses such words and acts in such a way that the conflict that has arisen is exhausted.
Courtesy expresses the exact and at the same time restrained observance of external forms of respect. Correctness is a politely strict, cold, officially respectful attitude towards a person.
Compliance with these rules of communication by each police officer is in the interests of all. In the service, their implementation contributes to the achievement of the main goal of the activity - the establishment of law, justice and law and order, makes it possible to avoid many conflict situations, willful or involuntary mistakes in the conduct of various cases, helps to unite the team, create a healthy moral and psychological climate and eliminate what interferes with interests affairs. In personal relationships, their observance contributes to mutual understanding, the establishment of a positive moral atmosphere.
In the process of communication between people, such difficult, non-standard and contradictory situations often arise in which the honor and dignity of people cannot always be ensured by observing only the rules of politeness. In such situations, the employee must find the necessary form of communication - the right word, non-standard action, abandoning the usual forms of behavior, i.e. he must show tact.
Professional tact is a manifestation of a sense of proportion, restraint, foresight and decency in relation to other people. It is very difficult for an employee of the internal affairs bodies in a number of situations (for example, those associated with a real risk to life) to remain constantly tactful, but his official position, regardless of position or rank, obliges him to be so (see Articles 3 and 5 of the Law of the Russian Federation
"About the Police").
Tactlessness can cause offense and even suffering to a person (annoyance, trouble, humiliation), although the “offender” does not harbor ill will towards the interlocutor and even respects him. The ability of a police officer to avoid these extremes in his behavior is the most important property of tact.
Situations requiring tact from police officers are very diverse. A sense of proportion, tact is necessary in official relations (the relationship of the chief to subordinates and subordinates to the chief, in the relations of police officers to citizens when they are received, at their post, especially during detention, search, investigation, interrogation, etc.); in behavior in public places (on the street, transport, theater, cinema, etc.); in everyday life - when receiving guests, etc. The main purpose of tact in all respects is to create optimal, most favorable conditions for communication between people, eliminate the causes leading to conflict situations, and maintain mutual respect and goodwill between people.
It is impossible to give police officers a recipe for behavior for all occasions. To develop a stable internal measure of behavior is one of the important tasks of moral education. Like persuasion, tact is not memorized, but developed through the development of the entire system of moral values, independent active work and moral education, self-education of the dignity of the individual.
High self-esteem, based on the correct assessment of one's capabilities and abilities, knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of one's character, is a necessary property of the culture of communication, the style of behavior of each person.
Simplicity - implies intolerance to everything ostentatious, to pomp, all kinds of excesses. Simplicity and modesty are the highest human virtues.
Modesty is a moral quality that manifests itself in the fact that the employee does not recognize and does not flaunt his special merits, virtues and special rights, voluntarily submits to the requirements of discipline, treats all people with respect and at the same time is critical of his own merits and shortcomings.
Honesty is a moral quality that includes truthfulness, adherence to principles, fidelity to accepted obligations, conviction in the rightness of the cause, sincerity to others and to oneself. This is directness of actions and behavior, firmness, adherence to principles, fidelity to one's word, arising from a person's deep ideological conviction. The antipodes of honesty are betrayal, deceit, lies, theft, hypocrisy, fraud.
Truthfulness is a moral quality that characterizes a person who has made it a rule for himself to speak only the truth, not to hide the real state of affairs from other people and himself.
Principledness is a moral quality that means fidelity to a certain idea in convictions and its consistent manifestation in behavior. Principle is closely connected with exactingness and sensitivity.
Demanding - to people and to oneself - the presentation of high moral requirements for a person and the recognition of his responsibility for their implementation. Demanding must be combined with genuine respect for human dignity.
All these norms are organically connected and condition each other.
It is important to remember that in an ill-bred person courage takes the form of rudeness, learning becomes pedantry in him, wit becomes buffoonery, simplicity becomes uncouthness, good nature becomes flattering.
These are the basic universal rules of etiquette that determine the beauty and elegance of behavior.
The features inherent in a person in his speech and writing to other people largely characterize the general culture of a given person. They are in close connection with the image that he creates in the eyes of others, and therefore affect their attitude towards him. Therefore, one of the most important issues is the ability to correctly use the pronouns "you" and "you" in a conversation with various interlocutors and in the preparation of letters and other documents.
The first "registry" of polite words and expressions
It is known that in Rus' for the first time polite forms of address were set out in a kind of textbook that appeared in 1717. This book, which was compiled with the personal participation of Peter I, was called "Youth's honest mirror, or Indications for everyday behavior" and was intended mainly for young Russians.
Around the same period, the sovereign, who planted a European form of behavior in the country, put into use the appeal to “you”, which he borrowed from a number of foreign languages. In the old days, people were referred to in the plural only if they wanted to give the words a special meaning. Saying "you" seemed to imply that this person alone is worth many. Such treatment contained a special courtesy.
In 1722, Peter I had a "Table of Ranks" ─ a document that determines the correspondence between military and civilian and divided them into 14 classes. It, among other things, indicated how to address the head of a particular rank. The forms varied depending on his position in the ranks, but in all cases a plural form was required, such as "Your Excellency" or "Your Grace".
"Distorted Politeness"
It is curious to note that the appeal to “you”, so familiar to us today, took root in the Russian language, overcoming the resistance that sometimes came from representatives of the most progressive circles of the domestic intelligentsia. To be convinced of this, it is enough to open the explanatory dictionary of V. I. Dahl, compiled in the middle of the 19th century. In it, an outstanding Russian writer and lexicographer characterizes the appeal to "you" as a distorted form of politeness.
Moreover, in one of his articles, he criticizes those teachers who consider it appropriate and even necessary to say “you” to their students instead of forcing them to refer to themselves as “you”. Now such a position can only cause a smile, but a century and a half ago it found numerous supporters.
Politics invading the everyday lexicon
Soon after the February Revolution, estates and ranks were abolished by the Decree of the Provisional Government. Gone are the previously established forms of addressing their representatives. Along with them, the former words “sir” and “madame” fell out of use, which after the October revolution gave way to the generally accepted in Soviet times “citizen”, “citizen” or genderless ─ “comrade”, addressed to both men and women. However, the appeal to "you" has been preserved, becoming one of the basic rules of modern speech etiquette.
In what cases is it customary to say "you" when addressing an interlocutor?
According to generally accepted norms of behavior, this is done primarily in official situations: at work, in various institutions and public places. At the same time, it is appropriate to say "you" in the following situations:
- When the dialogue is conducted with an unfamiliar or generally unfamiliar person.
- If the interlocutors are familiar, but are in official relations, for example, work colleagues, students and teachers, subordinates and their bosses.
- In cases where you have to contact a person older in age or in a leadership position.
- And, finally, to officials, as well as to the attendants of shops, restaurants, hotels and other institutions of this kind.
At the same time, one should always remember that addressing a stranger to “you” is a norm established by elementary rules of behavior.
In what cases is it acceptable to address "you"?
In certain, mostly informal situations, the rules of speech etiquette allow the appeal to "you". It can be appropriate both at work when communicating with colleagues outside the sphere of official activity, and at home or on vacation. This form of address can serve as an expression of friendly relations between the interlocutors, and emphasize the informal nature of this conversation. However, in order not to get into an awkward position, it should be borne in mind that saying "you" is only permissible:
- Closely familiar person with whom you had to communicate earlier, and with whom you can neglect the more stringent official requirements in handling.
- Adults in conversation with children or adolescents.
- In an informal setting, to a junior or equal in official position.
- In conversations between children and parents, modern tradition allows the use of "you" by both sides.
- In the youth and children's environment between peers, even if they do not know each other.
According to the generally accepted rules of speech etiquette, it is absolutely unacceptable to address the “you” of a younger person (both by age and by social or official position) to an older one. In addition, a sign of bad manners and bad taste is the manner of saying “you” to employees from among the service personnel of institutions.
The nuances of communication between managers and their employees
An important component of the rules of conduct in society is the regulation of the use of "you" and "you" in the appeal of the boss to the subordinate. Without going beyond the bounds of decency, the leader can only say “you” to his employee if he has the opportunity to answer him in a similar way. This usually happens when they are established between them. Otherwise, addressing a subordinate to “you” will be a gross violation of speech etiquette.
Establishing an informal form of address
The generally accepted norms of decency, meanwhile, provide for the transition of partners from “you” to “you”. However, it is possible only in those cases when an appropriate type of relationship is established between them, which makes it possible to replace a formal address in a conversation with a warmer and more friendly one. As a rule, this indicates that the previously neutral-restrained attitude towards each other has given way to a certain rapprochement.
It should be noted that the generally accepted norms of behavior provide for a certain period of time necessary for the appeal to “you” established at the time of acquaintance to give way to a more open and friendly “you”. Its duration depends entirely on the personal qualities of the interlocutors and external circumstances.
It is important to subtly capture the moment at which it is possible to offer a partner to switch to “you” in a conversation, since in the event of a mistake and his refusal, an awkward situation will inevitably arise. Therefore, in order to change the form of address, it is necessary to feel the desire of your interlocutor. A unilateral transition to “you” in a conversation is absolutely unacceptable, since it will inevitably be regarded as disrespect for a partner and neglect shown towards him.
When the informal "you" gives way to a more strict "you"
The speech etiquette of the Russian language also provides for the transition from a friendly “you” to a more official “you”, although this is not often found in everyday life. Nevertheless, it is possible in cases where relations between the interlocutors have deteriorated and have taken on a purely official character. This can happen as a result of a quarrel or any serious disagreement.
Sometimes the appeal to “you” may be the result of the fact that the conversation is official and takes place in the presence of strangers, in which the interlocutors, who usually say “you” to each other, are forced to observe common etiquette. In this case, the “you” addressed to each other do not indicate a change in interpersonal relations, but only about the features of a particular situation. For example, teachers in the presence of students, as a rule, communicate with each other on "you", although, left alone, under the right conditions, they can easily afford an informal "you".
The rule of writing
All of the above rules of etiquette must be observed in cases where communication takes place not verbally, but in writing. At the same time, the pronouns yours and you with a capital letter are a form of polite appeal to only one specific addressee. If a letter or other document is addressed to several persons, then the plural pronoun should be written with a lowercase (small) letter. Capitalizing "you" when referring to multiple people is a mistake.
21. On official matters, a serviceman must contact his immediate superior, and, if necessary, with the permission of the immediate superior, to the senior commander.
On personal matters, a serviceman must also contact his immediate superior, and in case of special need, a senior commander.
When applying (making a proposal, filing an application or complaint), a serviceman is guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Types of responsibility of military personnel, taking into account the peculiarities of their legal status.
26. Servicemen, regardless of military rank and military position, are equal before the law and may be subject to disciplinary, administrative, material, civil and criminal liability, depending on the nature and gravity of the offense they have committed.
27. Military personnel are subject to disciplinary liability for disciplinary offenses, that is, for unlawful, guilty actions (inaction), expressed in violation of military discipline, which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, do not entail criminal or administrative liability.
28. For administrative offenses, military personnel bear disciplinary responsibility in accordance with the Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, with the exception of administrative offenses for which they are liable on a general basis. At the same time, administrative penalties in the form of administrative arrest, correctional labor cannot be applied to military personnel, and to sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors who are conscripted for military service, cadets of military professional educational organizations, military educational organizations of higher education before concluding a contract with them on military service - also in the form of an administrative fine.
29. Military personnel are liable for material damage caused through their fault to the state in the performance of military service duties, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
30. Military personnel are subject to civil liability for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of obligations stipulated by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, for losses and moral damage caused by military personnel who are not performing military service duties to the state, individuals and legal entities, and in other cases stipulated by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
31. Military personnel are held criminally liable for the commission of a crime provided for by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation.
32. Servicemen subjected to disciplinary or administrative punishment in connection with the commission of an offense are not exempted from criminal liability for this offense.
In case of committing an offense related to the infliction of material damage to the state, military personnel compensate for the damage, regardless of bringing to disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability for actions (inaction) that caused damage.
When military personnel are held accountable, infringement of their honor and dignity is unacceptable.
unity of command
33. One-man command is one of the basic principles of building the Armed Forces, their leadership and the relationship between servicemen. Unity of command consists in vesting the commander (chief) with full administrative power in relation to subordinates and imposing on him personal responsibility to the state for all aspects of the life and activities of a military unit, unit and each serviceman.
Unity of command is expressed in the right of the commander (chief), based on a comprehensive assessment of the situation, to single-handedly make decisions, issue appropriate orders in the prescribed manner and ensure their implementation.
: I propose: speech etiquette in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century in everyday life and the army. From janitor to emperor.We read books, watch movies and TV series, go to theaters… We encounter “Your Excellency” and “Your Excellency”. However, it is difficult to find clear canons that regulate in detail the norms of circulation, and those works that exist are fragmentary and of little use. How is the theme?
The word "etiquette" was coined by the French king Louis XIV in the 17th century. At one of the magnificent receptions of this monarch, the invitees were given cards with the rules of conduct that guests must follow. From the French name of the cards - "labels" - the concept of "etiquette" came from - good manners, good manners, the ability to behave in society. At the courts of European monarchs, court etiquette was strictly observed, the execution of which required both the most august persons and the environment to comply with strictly regulated rules and norms of behavior, sometimes reaching the point of absurdity. So, for example, the Spanish king Philip III preferred to burn by his fireplace (his laces flared up) than to extinguish the fire himself (the person responsible for the ceremonial of the court fire was away).
Speech etiquette- “nationally specific rules of speech behavior, implemented in a system of stable formulas and expressions in situations of “polite” contact with an interlocutor accepted and prescribed by society. Such situations are: addressing the interlocutor and attracting his attention, greeting, acquaintance, farewell, apology, gratitude, etc.” (Russian language. Encyclopedia).
Thus, speech etiquette is the norm of people's social adaptation to each other, it is designed to help organize effective interaction, restrain aggression (both one's own and others'), serve as a means of creating an image of "one's own" in a given culture, in a given situation.
Speech etiquette in the narrow sense of this term is used in etiquette situations of communication when performing certain etiquette actions. These actions can have the meaning of motivation (request, advice, offer, command, order, demand), response (reactive speech acts: consent, disagreement, objection, refusal, permission), social contact in the conditions of establishing contact (apology, gratitude, congratulations) , its continuation and completion.
Accordingly, the main etiquette genres are: greeting, farewell, apology, gratitude, congratulations, request, consolation, refusal, objection ... Speech etiquette extends to oral and written communication.
At the same time, each speech genre of speech etiquette is characterized by a wealth of synonymous formulas, the choice of which is determined by the sphere of communication, the characteristics of the communicative situation and the nature of the relationship of the communicants. For example, in a greeting situation: Hello! Good morning! Good afternoon Good evening! (Very) glad to greet (see) you! Allow me to welcome you! Welcome! My regards! Hello! What a meeting! Well, meeting! Who do I see! and etc.
Thus, a greeting helps not only to perform the appropriate etiquette speech action at a meeting, but also to set a certain framework for communication, to signal official ( Allow me to welcome you!) or informal ( Hello! What a meeting!) relationships, set a certain tone, for example, playful, if a young man answers a greeting: My regards! etc. The rest of the etiquette formulas are distributed in a similar way according to the scope of their use.
Addressing (orally or in writing) to persons with ranks was strictly regulated and was called a title. All serfs should have known these cloying words, like "OUR FATHER". OTHERWISE THERE COULD BE BIG TROUBLES!!!
The subjects of the Russian sovereign were certainly punished for registration of the royal title. The punishment also depended on the seriousness of the offence. Punishment on this issue was the prerogative of the highest authority. The measure of punishment was fixed either in the tsar's personal decree, or in the tsar's decree with a boyar verdict. The most common punishments were whipping or batogs, imprisonment for an insignificant period. Indispensable punishment was not only the fact of distorting the title of the Russian sovereign, but also the application of one or more of its formulas to a person who did not have royal dignity. Even in an allegorical sense, the subjects of the Moscow sovereign were forbidden to use the words “tsar”, “majesty”, etc. in relation to each other. If such a fact took place, it served as a pretext for starting a search operation, placed under the control of the highest authority. An illustrative example is the “Nominal tsar's decree “On cutting the tongue of Pronka Kazulin, if it turns out on the wanted list that he called Demka Prokofiev the tsar of Ivashka Tatarinov.” It can be said that in the period under review, an encroachment on the royal title was actually equated with an encroachment on the sovereign.
Noble etiquette.
The following title formulas were used: a respectful and official address was "dear sir, gracious sir." So they turned to strangers, or with a sudden cooling or aggravation of relations. In addition, all official documents began with such appeals.
Then the first syllable was dropped and the words appeared "sir, madam". So they began to address wealthy and educated people, as a rule, strangers.
In the official environment (civilian and military), there were such rules of treatment: from the junior in rank and rank, it was required to address the senior in title - from “Your Honor” to “Your Excellency”; to persons of the royal family - “Your Highness” and “Your Majesty”; the emperor and his wife were addressed as "Your Imperial Majesty"; the grand dukes (close relatives of the emperor and his wife) were titled "imperial highness".
Often the adjective "imperial" was omitted, and when communicating, only the words "majesty" and "highness" were used ("To his majesty on behalf of ...").
Princes who did not belong to the royal house, and counts with their wives and unmarried daughters, were titled "Your Excellency", the most illustrious princes - "Your Grace".
Superiors addressed their subordinates with the word "master" with the addition of a surname or rank (position). People equal in title addressed each other without a title formula (for example, "Listen, Count ...".
Commoners, who did not know the ranks and insignia, used such appeals as master, mistress, father, mother, sir, madam, to the girls - young lady. And the most respectful form of address to the master, regardless of his rank, was "Your Honor."
military etiquette. The system of appeals corresponded to the system of military ranks. Full generals are supposed to say Your Excellency, lieutenant generals and major generals - Your Excellency. Officers, ensigns and candidates for a class position call the chiefs and seniors of the headquarters and chief officers by rank, adding the word master, for example, Mr. Captain, Mr. Colonel, other lower ranks title the staff officers and captains - Your Highness, the rest of the chief officers - Your nobility (having a count or princely title - Your Excellency).
Departmental Etiquette used largely the same system of addresses as the military.
In the Russian state in the 16th - 17th centuries, there was a practice of maintaining "ranks" - discharge books, in which records were annually entered on the appointments of service people to the highest military and government positions and on royal assignments to individual officials.
The first category book was compiled in 1556 under Ivan the Terrible and covered all appointments for 80 years from 1475 (starting with the reign of Ivan III). The book was kept in the discharge order. In the order of the Grand Palace, a book of “palace ranks” was kept in parallel, in which “everyday records” were entered about appointments and assignments in the court services of service people. Class books were abolished under Peter I, who introduced a unified system of ranks, enshrined in the Table of Ranks of 1722.
"Table of ranks of all ranks of military, civil and courtiers"- the law on the order of public service in the Russian Empire (the ratio of ranks by seniority, the sequence of rank production). Approved on January 24 (February 4), 1722 by Emperor Peter I, it existed with numerous changes until the 1917 revolution.
Quote: “Table of ranks of all ranks, military, civil and courtiers, in which class ranks; and who are in the same class- Peter I January 24, 1722
The Table of Ranks established the ranks of 14 classes, each of which corresponded to a specific position in the military, naval, civil or court service.
In russian language the term "rank" means the degree of distinction, rank, rank, category, category, class. By a decree of the Soviet government of December 16, 1917, all ranks, class ranks and titles were abolished. Today, the term "rank" has been preserved in the Russian Navy (captain of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd rank), in the hierarchy of diplomats and employees of a number of other departments.
When referring to persons who had certain ranks of the "Table of Ranks", persons equal in rank or inferior were required to use the following titles (depending on the class):
"YOUR HIGHNESS" - to persons in the ranks of the 1st and 2nd classes;
"YOUR EXCELLENCY" - to persons in the ranks of the 3rd and 4th classes;
"YOUR HIGHLIGHT" - to persons in the ranks of the 5th class;
"YOUR HIGHLIGHTS" - to persons in the ranks of 6-8 classes;
"YOUR BLESSING" - to persons in the ranks of 9-14 classes.
In addition, in Russia there were titles used when referring to members of the Imperial House of the Romanovs and persons of noble origin:
"YOUR IMPERIAL MAJESTY" - to the emperor, empress and dowager empress;
"YOUR IMPERIAL HIGHNESS" - to the Grand Dukes (children and grandchildren of the emperor, and in 1797-1886, and great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren of the emperor);
"YOUR HIGHNESS" - to the princes of imperial blood;
"YOUR HIGHNESS" - to the younger children of the emperor's great-grandchildren and their male descendants, as well as to the most serene princes by grant;
"YOUR LORD" - to princes, counts, dukes and barons;
"YOUR BLESS" - to all the other nobles.
When addressing clerics in Russia, the following titles were used:
"YOUR HIGH PRIESTNESS" - to metropolitans and archbishops;
"YOUR HIGHNESS" - to the bishops;
"YOUR HIGH REPODITY" - to archimandrites and abbots of monasteries, archpriests and priests;
"YOUR REVEREND" - to the protodeacons and deacons.
In the event that an official was appointed to a position, a class that was higher than his rank, he used the general title of the position (for example, the provincial marshal of the nobility used the title of III-IV classes - “your excellency”, even if by rank or origin he had the title “your nobility"). With a written official in the appeal of lower officials to higher ones, both titles were called, and the private one was used both by position and by rank and followed the general title (for example, “His Excellency, Comrade Minister of Finance, Privy Councilor”). From Ser. 19th century private title by rank and surname began to be omitted. With a similar appeal to a lower official, only the private title of the position was retained (the last name was not indicated). Equal officials addressed each other either as inferiors or by name and patronymic, indicating the common title and surname in the margins of the document. Honorary titles (except for the title of a member of the State Council) were usually also included in the title, and in this case the private title by rank, as a rule, was omitted. Persons who did not have a rank used a common title in accordance with the classes, to which the rank belonging to them was equated (for example, chamber junkers and manufactory advisers received the right to the common title “your honor”). When speaking to higher ranks, a common title was used; to equal and inferior citizens. ranks were addressed by name and patronymic or surname; to the military ranks - by rank with or without the addition of a surname. The lower ranks were supposed to address ensigns and non-commissioned officers by rank with the addition of the word “mister” (for example, “mister sergeant major”). There were also titles by origin (according to "dignity").
A special system of private and general titles existed for the clergy. The monastic (black) clergy were divided into 5 ranks: the metropolitan and archbishop were titled - "your eminence", the bishop - "your eminence", the archimandrite and abbot - "your reverend". The three highest ranks were also called bishops, and they could be addressed with the general title of "bishop". The white clergy had 4 ranks: the archpriest and priest (priest) were titled - "your reverend", the protodeacon and deacon - "your reverend".
All persons who had ranks (military, civil, courtiers) wore uniforms, according to the type of service and class of rank. The ranks of classes I-IV had a red lining on their overcoats. Special uniforms relied on persons with honorary titles (secretary of state, chamberlain, etc.). The ranks of the imperial retinue wore shoulder straps and epaulettes with the imperial monogram and aiguillettes.
The assignment of ranks and honorary titles, as well as appointment to positions, awarding orders, etc., was formalized by orders of the tsar for military, civil. and court departments and noted in the formulary (track record) lists. The latter were introduced as early as 1771, but received their final form and began to be conducted systematically from 1798 as a mandatory document for each of the persons who were in the state. service. These lists are an important historical source for studying the official biography of these individuals. Since 1773, lists of citizens began to be published annually. ranks (including courtiers) I-VIII classes; after 1858, the publication of lists of ranks I-III and separately IV classes continued. Similar lists of generals, colonels, lieutenant colonels and army captains were also published, as well as the "List of persons who were in the naval department and the fleet to admirals, headquarters and chief officers ...".
After the February Revolution of 1917, the title system was simplified. Ranks, titles and titles were abolished by the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of November 10. 1917 "On the destruction of estates and civil ranks".
In a daily business environment (business, work situation), speech etiquette formulas are also used. For example, when summing up the results of work, when determining the results of selling goods or participating in exhibitions, when organizing various events, meetings, it becomes necessary to thank someone or, conversely, to reprimand, to make a remark. At any job, in any organization, someone may need to give advice, make a suggestion, make a request, express consent, allow, prohibit, refuse someone.
Here are the speech clichés that are used in these situations.
Acknowledgment:
Allow me (permit) to express (great, huge) gratitude to Nikolai Petrovich Bystrov for the excellent (perfectly) organized exhibition.
The firm (management, administration) expresses gratitude to all employees (teaching staff) for ...
I must express my gratitude to the head of the supply department for ...
Let me (permit) express my great (huge) gratitude ...
For the provision of any service, for help, an important message, a gift, it is customary to thank with the words:
I thank you for…
- (Big, huge) thank you (you) for ...
- (I) am very (so) grateful to you!
Emotionality, expressiveness of the expression of gratitude is enhanced if you say:
There are no words to express my gratitude to you!
I am so grateful to you that it is difficult for me to find words!
You can't imagine how grateful I am to you!
– My gratitude has no (knows) no boundaries!
Note, warning:
The firm (management, board, editorial office) is forced to issue a (serious) warning (remark) ...
To (great) regret (chagrin), I must (forced) to make a remark (to reprimand) ...
Often people, especially those in positions of power, find it necessary to express their suggestions, advice in categorical form:
Everyone (you) must (should)…
You should definitely do this...
Advice, suggestions expressed in this form are similar to an order or order and do not always give rise to a desire to follow them, especially if the conversation takes place between colleagues of the same rank. An incentive to act with advice, a proposal can be expressed in a delicate, polite or neutral form:
Allow me (let me) give you advice (advise you) ...
Allow me to offer you…
- (I) want (I would like, I want) to advise (offer) you ...
I would advise (suggest) you...
I advise (suggest) you...
Appeal with the request should be delicate, extremely polite, but without excessive fawning:
Do me a favor, do (my) request...
If it's not hard for you (it won't make it hard for you)...
Do not take it for work, please take ...
-(Not) can I ask you...
- (Please), (I beg you) let me ...
The request can be expressed with some categoricalness:
I strongly (convincingly, very) ask you (you) ...
Agreement, permission is worded as follows:
- (Now, immediately) will be done (done).
Please (permission, no objection).
Agree to let you go.
I agree, do (do) as you think.
In case of refusal expressions are used:
- (I) cannot (unable, unable) to help (permit, assist).
- (I) cannot (unable, unable) to fulfill your request.
At present, this (do) is not possible.
Understand, now is not the time to ask (make such a request).
I'm sorry, but we (I) cannot (can) fulfill your request.
- I have to forbid (refuse, do not allow).
Among business people of any rank, it is customary to resolve issues that are especially important to them in a semi-official setting. To do this, hunting, fishing, going out into nature are arranged, followed by an invitation to the dacha, to a restaurant, to a sauna. In accordance with the situation, speech etiquette also changes, it becomes less official, acquires a relaxed emotionally expressive character. But even in such an environment, subordination is observed, a familiar tone of expressions, speech "licentiousness" is not allowed.
An important component of speech etiquette is compliment. Tactfully and timely said, it cheers up the addressee, sets him up for a positive attitude towards the opponent. A compliment is said at the beginning of a conversation, at a meeting, acquaintance or during a conversation, at parting. A compliment is always nice. Only an insincere compliment is dangerous, a compliment for the sake of a compliment, an overly enthusiastic compliment.
The compliment refers to the appearance, indicates the excellent professional abilities of the addressee, his high morality, gives an overall positive assessment:
You look good (excellent, fine, excellent, great, young).
You do not change (have not changed, do not age).
Time spares you (does not take).
You are (so, very) charming (smart, quick-witted, resourceful, reasonable, practical).
You are a good (excellent, excellent, excellent) specialist (economist, manager, entrepreneur, companion).
You are good (excellent, excellent, excellent) in managing (your) household (business, trade, construction).
You know how to well (perfectly) lead (manage) people, organize them.
It is a pleasure (good, excellent) to do business with you (to work, to cooperate).
Communication presupposes the presence of another term, another component that manifests itself throughout the entire duration of communication, is its integral part, serves as a bridge from one remark to another. And at the same time, the norm of use and the very form of the term have not been finally established, cause controversy, and are a sore spot in Russian speech etiquette.
This is eloquently stated in a letter published in Komsomolskaya Pravda (24.01.91) for Andrew's signature. They placed a letter under the title "Superfluous people." Here it is without abbreviations:
We, probably, in the only country in the world do not have people turning to each other. We don't know how to address a person! Man, woman, girl, granny, comrade, citizen - pah! Or maybe a female face, a male face! And easier - hey! We are nobody! Not for the state, not for each other!
The author of the letter in an emotional form, quite sharply, using the data of the language, raises the question of the position of a person in our state. Thus, the syntactic unit is appeal– becomes a socially significant category.
To understand this, it is necessary to comprehend what is the peculiarity of the address in the Russian language, what is its history.
From time immemorial, conversion has performed several functions. The main one is to attract the attention of the interlocutor. This - vocative function.
Since they are used as proper names as addresses (Anna Sergeevna, Igor, Sasha), and the names of people according to the degree of kinship (father, uncle, grandfather) by position in society, by profession, position (president, general, minister, director, accountant), by age and gender (old man, boy, girl) invocation beyond the vocative function points to the corresponding sign.
Finally, appeals can be expressively and emotionally colored, contain an assessment: Lyubochka, Marinusya, Lyubka, blockhead, dumbass, klutz, varmint, clever, beautiful. The peculiarity of such appeals lies in the fact that they characterize both the addressee and the addressee himself, the degree of his upbringing, attitude towards the interlocutor, emotional state.
The given address words are used in an informal situation, only some of them, for example, proper names (in their main form), the names of professions, positions, serve as addresses in official speech.
A distinctive feature of officially adopted appeals in Rus' was the reflection of the social stratification of society, such a characteristic feature of it as veneration of rank.
Isn't that why the root in Russian rank turned out to be fruitful, giving life
Words: official, bureaucracy, dean, deanery, chinolove, chivalry, clerk, chivalry, disorderly, outrageous, rank-destroyer, chino-destroyer, clerk, thief, chino, chivalry, obey, submission,
Phrases: not according to order, distribute according to order, order after order, big order, without disassembling the ranks, without ordering, order after order;
Proverbs: Honor the rank of rank, and sit on the edge of the smaller one; Bullet ranks do not parse; To a fool, that to a great rank, space is everywhere; As many as two ranks: a fool and a fool; And he would have been in the ranks, but it's a pity, his pockets are empty.
The formulas of dedications, appeals and signatures of the author himself, which were cultivated in the 18th century, are also indicative. For example, the work of M.V. Lomonosov "Russian Grammar" (1755) begins with a dedication:
To His Most Serene Sovereign, Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, Duke of Holstein-Schleswig, Storman and Dietmar, Count of Oldenburg and Dolmangor and others, most gracious Sovereign ...
Then comes the call:
Most Serene Sovereign, Grand Duke, Most Gracious Sovereign!
And the signature:
Your Imperial Majesty, the most humble servant of Mikhail Lomonosov.
The social stratification of society, the inequality that existed in Russia for several centuries, was reflected in the system of official appeals.
First, there was the document "Table of Ranks", published in 1717-1721, which was then reprinted in a slightly modified form. It listed the military (army and navy), civil and court ranks. Each category of ranks was divided into 14 classes. So, to the 3rd class belonged lieutenant general, lieutenant general; vice admiral; secret adviser; the marshal, the master of ceremonies, the master of the chasseur, the chamberlain, the chief ceremonial master; to the 6th grade - colonel; captain of the 1st rank; collegiate adviser; cameras-furier; to the 12th grade - cornet, cornet; midshipman; provincial secretary.
In addition to the named ranks, which determined the system of appeals, there were your excellency, your excellency, your excellency, your highness, your majesty, most merciful (gracious) sovereign, sovereign and etc.
Secondly, the monarchical system in Russia until the 20th century preserved the division of people into estates. Class-organized society was characterized by a hierarchy of rights and duties, class inequality and privileges. Estates were distinguished: nobles, clergy, raznochintsy, merchants, philistines, peasants. Hence the appeals sir, madam in relation to people of privileged social groups; sir, sir - for the middle class or barin, lady for both, and the lack of a single appeal to representatives of the lower class. Here is what Lev Uspensky writes about this:
My father was a major official and engineer. His views were very radical, and by origin he was "from the third estate" - a commoner. But, even if a fantasy came to his mind to turn on the street: “Hey, sir, to Vyborgskaya!” or: “Mr. driver, are you free?” he would not rejoice. The driver, most likely, would have mistaken him for a spree type, or even simply become angry: “It’s a sin for you, gentleman, to break down over a simple person! Well, what kind of "sir" am I to you? You would be ashamed!" (Koms. Pr. 11/18/77).
In the languages of other civilized countries, unlike Russian, there were appeals that were used both in relation to a person occupying a high position in society, and to an ordinary citizen: mr, mrs, miss(England, USA), senor, senora, senorita(Spain), signor, signora, signorina(Italy), sir, sir(Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia).
“In France,” writes L. Uspensky, “even the concierge at the entrance to the house calls the landlady “madame”; but the mistress, albeit without any respect, will turn to her employee in the same way: “Bonjour, Madame I see!”. A millionaire who accidentally got into a taxi will call the driver "monsieur", and the taxi driver will say to him, opening the door: "Sil vu ple, monsieur!" - "Please, sir!" There and this is the norm” (ibid.).
After the October Revolution, all the old ranks and titles were abolished by a special decree. Universal equality is proclaimed. Appeals lord - madam, gentleman - mistress, sir - madam, gracious sovereign (sovereign) gradually disappear. Only diplomatic language preserves the formulas of international courtesy. So, the heads of monarchical states are addressed: Your Majesty, Your Excellency; foreign diplomats continue to be called sir - madam.
Instead of all appeals that existed in Russia, starting from 1917–1918, appeals citizen And comrade. The history of these words is remarkable and instructive.
Word citizen recorded in the monuments of the XI century. It came to the Old Russian language from the Old Slavonic language and served as a phonetic version of the word city dweller. Both of them meant "resident of the city (city)". In this meaning citizen found in texts dating back to the 19th century. So A.S. Pushkin has the lines:
Not a demon - not even a gypsy,
But just a citizen of the capital.
In the XVIII century, this word acquires the meaning of "a full member of society, the state."
The most boring title was of course the emperor.
Who was called "the sovereign"?
Word sovereign in Russia in the old days they used it indifferently, instead of a gentleman, a gentleman, a landowner, a nobleman. In the 19th century, the Most Gracious Sovereign addressed the tsar, the Most Gracious Sovereign addressed the great princes, and the Gracious Sovereign (when referring to the highest), my Gracious Sovereign (to an equal), my Sovereign (to the lowest) addressed to all private individuals. The words sudar (also with an emphasis on the second syllable), sudarik (friendly) were used mainly in oral speech.
When addressing men and women at the same time, "Ladies and gentlemen!" is often said. This is an unsuccessful tracing paper from the English language (Ladies and Gentlemen). Russian word gentlemen correlates equally with singular forms mister And mistress, and "lady" is included in the number of "gentlemen".
After the October Revolution, “sir”, “madame”, “master”, “mistress” were replaced by the word "comrade". It eliminated differences by gender (as they addressed both a man and a woman) and by social status (since a person with a low status could not be addressed as “sir”, “madame”). The word comrade with the surname before the revolution indicated membership in a revolutionary political party, including the communists.
Words "citizen" / "citizen" intended for those who were not yet seen as "comrades", and to this day are associated with reporting from the courtroom, and not with the French Revolution, which introduced them into the practice of speech. Well, after perestroika, some "comrades" became "masters", and the appeal remained only in the communist environment.
sources
http://www.gramota.ru/
Emysheva E.M., Mosyagina O.V. — History of etiquette. Court etiquette in Russia in the 18th century.
And I'll remind you who they are The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -Now about how to apply. We have already talked about “Hey, military man, give me my boot” with a languid translation of the look. So it is not necessary. They won't understand.
So. Let's move on to the correct one. When a chief or a senior in rank addresses you, you take a combat stance and name your position, military rank and surname. The exception is if you are sick. Well, or you are in a situation where compliance with the charter is impossible.
When addressing you, superiors and elders will call you by your military rank and surname, or only by rank, adding in the latter case the word “comrade” before the rank. For example, "Private Petrov" or "Private Comrade".
The appeal "Comrade Private" is used if the general (or some other army rank) does not know or has forgotten your last name. Or when the authorities express their dissatisfaction and do not want to call you not only by your first name, but even by your last name. This usually raises the voice and frowns. For greater rigor.
Subordinates and juniors in rank, such as you, addressing superiors, call them by their military rank, adding the word “comrade” before the rank.
For example: "Comrade Senior Lieutenant", "Comrade Rear Admiral" (if you happen to see him).
When referring to the military personnel of the guards formations and military units, the word "guards" is added before the military rank. For example: "Comrade of the Guards foreman of the first article", "Comrade of the Guards Colonel".
These rules are so strongly eaten into the personnel military that, having retired, they still associate themselves not with the first name and patronymic, but with the rank and surname. I'll give you a recent example.
The first day of students at the military department. The teacher introduces himself to them: "My last name is Lieutenant Colonel Meshkov."
Relations between military personnel are built on the basis of mutual respect. On matters of service they should. address each other with "you".
As a rule, officers comply with such requirements of regulations in relation to soldiers, and soldiers pay the same officers. But in your environment, you must be prepared that not very educated and uncultured old-timers will call you, for example, "hey, lop-eared cormorant" or some more exotic nicknames. Perhaps you will become the owner of some nickname, often not very pleasant. But there's nothing to be done - in this case, you can go to the conflict, but, as a rule, this gives nothing but moral and physical suffering.
All this has not been eradicated in our army, although according to the charter “distortion of military ranks (for example, “comrade ladle”), the use of obscene words, nicknames and nicknames, rudeness and familiar treatment are incompatible with the concept of military honor and dignity of military personnel. Military personnel must constantly serve as an example of high culture, modesty and restraint, sacredly, observe military honor, protect their dignity and respect the dignity of others. They must remember that their behavior is judged not only about them, but also about the honor of the Armed Forces as a whole.
The previous sentence is an excerpt from the bylaws.
Now about the meeting with another soldier. In this case, too, ceremonial and subordination cannot be dispensed with. The statute requires it.
The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely solidarity of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of a common culture.
All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting or overtaking, strictly observing the following rules:
“... To perform a military salute on the spot outside the formation without a headgear, three or four steps before the chief, turn in his direction, take a combat stance and look at his face, turning his head after him. If a headdress is worn, then, in addition, Attach the right hand to the headdress in the shortest possible way so that the fingers are together, the palm is straight, the middle finger touches the lower edge of the headdress, and the elbow is at the line and height of the shoulder. When turning the head towards the head, the position of the hand at the headdress remains unchanged. When the chief passes the person performing the military salute, put your head straight and at the same time lower your hand.
If you are without a headgear, the whole procedure is performed in much the same way, but both hands are pressed against the body. It may turn out that you are not just walking, but carrying something. In this case, the charter will be more favorable for you and you will be allowed to simply turn your head towards the elder. Therefore, if you do not want to walk with your hands clasped when you meet, carry a shovel with you. The authorities, among other things, will appreciate your continuous labor impulse and will only entrust super-important earthmoving work to you. Because it is reasonable to think about the considerable experience you have accumulated in this matter.
Back to your rendezvous with the commander. If at a meeting it is impossible to freely disperse with the boss, then the subordinate is obliged to give way and, greeting him, let him through, if necessary, overtake the boss, the subordinate must ask permission for that.
When shaking hands, the elder gives his hand first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger takes off his glove before shaking hands. Soldiers without headgear accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
Subordinates and juniors in military rank greet other military personnel first, and with an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered is the first to greet.
It is only at first glance it may seem that in vain I have described everything in such detail. In fact, you will be able to see from your army experience that most of the troubles will arise precisely because of such situations. “Fighter, why don’t you salute the sergeant (officer, grandfather)?” you will hear quite often. The smallest punishment for such an offense is humiliation and the requirement to pass as it should be. Perhaps not just once. Therefore, be vigilant and do not violate the rules of the game, invented by the military.
This ritual, again, was not created in order to torture you and once again find fault. You must learn to obey daily and hourly. So that there are no problems with you in battle. And so that you do not have problems in battle. This is also a matter of survival to a certain extent.
Not so long ago, in the Armed Forces, greeting seniors in rank was called saluting. Now, due to some ambiguity, this turnover has been replaced by another, more appropriate to the essence of the action - “military greeting”.
I will give one more excerpt from the charter so that you know some other rules.
“Military personnel are forbidden to keep their hands in their pockets, sit or smoke in the presence of the chief without his permission, and also smoke on the streets on the move and in places not designated for this purpose.” Here - attention: do not forget that the sergeant, the commander of your squad, is also the head or senior. So don't fall for it. Remember, the fewer reasons to find fault with you, the less trouble the old-timers will give you. Because they are trying, among other things, in every possible way to show that they have power over you, if not more than officers, then at least the same. One of its manifestations may be a ban on young soldiers smoking in the presence of old-timers without their permission. You already read about it just now, didn't you? This is done so that you properly learn that any "grandfather" in relation to you is the boss. And his every demand is an order. But I'll talk more about that later.
In the meantime, consider the rules of conduct for a serviceman outside the location of a military unit on vacation, on dismissal, or on vacation. In this case, military personnel are allowed not to wear military uniforms. But nevertheless, wherever you are, remember that you are part of our Armed Forces. Small, but part. And all life in the army is regulated by various regulations, and therefore, although they contain common truths, it will not be superfluous to recall them once again. I would like you to adhere to these rules not only in the army.
Military personnel must be polite towards the civilian population, pay special attention to the elderly, people, women and children, contribute to the protection of the honor and dignity of citizens, and also provide assistance to them in case of accidents, fires and natural disasters.
A sober lifestyle should be the daily norm of behavior for all military personnel. Drunk appearance at work and in public places is a gross disciplinary offense that dishonors the honor and dignity of a serviceman. Whether or not to comply with these (as well as all the others) rules is your business. Since I am talking for the time being about that part of army life, the rules of which are set out in the regulations, it is quite possible to think that I am a preacher of the right way of life. This is not entirely true. I describe how everything should be, so that you understand how to behave in a given situation in order to avoid punishment. If you do not want to comply with the requirements of the charter, what is your choice. I myself was not a model of discipline. But he knew the statutes and understood how they work. It's like knowing the rules of the road: despite the fact that you must know them, you can violate them in some way without endangering other road users.
If you do not know the rules or maliciously violate them, then with a high probability you can become the culprit of the tragedy. And you will be punished. As a human court, and the court of his memory.
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