Lesson 30

Noun.

Goals:

Expand students' knowledge about the noun as a part of speech and its grammatical categories of gender, number and case; repeat the spelling of endings and suffixes of nouns.

Lesson type: combined.

Equipment: cards, textbook, tests, tables, dictionaries, presentation.

During the classes

I . Organizing time. 1 min.

Hand to hand, foot to foot.

Head to head, heart to heart.

You are my friend and I am your friend.

I wish you in class...

Recording a number.

II . Updating.

Vocabulary and spelling work. 5 minutes.

Joy, hoarseness, depot, coffee, name, mouse, teacher, work, little house, rentier, poor, engineer, doctor, cement, master, flour, bully, touchy, run, lady, bungler, jury, Sochi, Mississippi, university, youth, furniture, tops , laughter, tin.

(30 words)

What part of speech do these words belong to?(to a noun)

What part of speech will we talk about today in class?(about a noun)

Let's define the purpose of today's lesson.(We write down the students’ opinions on the board)

Repetition and knowledge building comes with presentation work. 5 minutes.

What can you tell us about the noun? (in a chain, students go to the board and make a “Noun” diagram with examples)

III . Formation of new concepts and methods of action

Game "Yes - No"

Make up questions about the material so that the answer is only YES or NO.

A noun denotes an object and answers the questions who? What?

Nouns change according to gender.

Nouns in a sentence serve only as subjects.

Concrete nouns name specific objects that can be counted and combine with cardinal numerals.

Abstract nouns denote a collection of persons or objects as a single whole.

Real nouns name a homogeneous substance that can be measured, but not counted.

The boundary between common nouns and proper nouns is very strict, and a proper name can never become a common noun.

Animate nouns are names of living objects.

Work in pairs. For nouns written in spelling dictation, determine the gender Mark the words of the general gender, make 3 phrases and 2 sentences with them.

Divide the words written above into groups:

Specific: name, mouse, teacher, work, little house, insect, smart girl, chimpanzee, engineer, doctor, hairdresser, attache, master, badass, kangaroo, touchy-feely, professor, lady, Baku, Capri, bungler, popsicle, Sochi, menu, comrade, turkey, mississippi, university, ITAR – TASS, tulle;

Distracted: joy, hoarseness, running, laughter;

Collective: depot, rentier, jury, youth, poor, furniture, tops;

Real: coffee,wheat, cement, tin flour.

From these words, write down nouns that have the form:

Option 1: a) only plural;

Option 2: b) only singular.

Money, twilight, honey, youth, day, bills, gates, cold, porcelain, enmity, youth, milk, yeast, games, vacations, glasses, seekers, gates, grief, whitewash, skates, stockings, scissors, harps, goats, windows, cabbage soup, abacus, relatives, teaching, humidity, laughter, linen, dream, happiness.

Individual work. Put the nouns in the genitive plural. (10 words each – 3 options)

Apricot, apple, treaty, tangerine, towel, fable, tomato, poker, saucer, boot, rail, saber, northerner, gram, soldier, Tatar, Minsk resident, Tajik, sock, son, friend, chicken, kilogram, nobleman, gorge, dress, leaf, prince husband, log.

IV . Application. Formation of skills and abilities

1. Determine on what basis the words are combined, find the “extra” word

1. Rally, shackles, memoirs, belongings.

2. Baroque, tornado , banjo, contralto.

3. Little mind, little nose,underwear, little voice.

4. Chassis , pliers, stretchers, pliers.

2. Drawing up a diagram « -E, -I

-AND

2) 1 cl. (by the grove, by the candle)

6) - E – in other cases

3. Indicate the endings of the nouns and indicate the number of the above rule - algorithm.

4. Drawing up diagrams. Based on the diagrams, add the endings of the nouns

-E - noun husband. and Wednesday sort of

-SEARCH

-A - noun wives sort of

- USHK, - YUSHK, - A -

-YSHK, - ISHK - O -

shower noun husband. sort of

or general kind - A

after the suffix –L

noun avg. sort of - ABOUT

Swamp, beard, big man, bigwig, neighbor, nightingale, boy, grindstone, fist, mud, singer, little man, letter, chisel, house, naughty girl.

5. Test work

1 option

A) Oslo. B) blue. C) Love. D) iron. E) memoirs.

A) Valya, Vanya. B) young man, uncle. C) Polesie, link. D) fate, homeland. E) height, blindness.

4. Two ending options: E and U (Yu) - have singular nouns in the prepositional case

A) circle, edge. B) leather, pine. C) case, person. D) road, path. E) clothes, suit.

5. The noun is indeclinable

A) flu. B) good. C) intrigues. D) metro. E) sorrel.

6. Nouns belong to the third declension

A) frame, table. B) street, fence. C) bone, flattery. D) sofa, wardrobe. E) pencil pen.

7. Nouns belong to the third declension

A) zero, day B) roofing felt, tulle. C) horse, fire. D) stump, fence. E) mother-in-law, church.

8. General word

A) doctor. B) lazy person. C) general. D) tough guy. E) salesman.

9. Nouns are indeclinable

A) name, banner, seed, stirrup, path.B) radio, metro, scoreboard, pince-nez, plateau.

C) horse, square, night, mother, daughter.D) country, young man, article, singer, dancer.

E) word, building, health, sanatorium, wind.

10. Nouns belong to the third declension

A) answer, gift. B) face, gaze. C) hi, blow. D) letter, word. E) power, courage.

11. The suffix EK is written in a noun

A) knife...k. B) leaf...k. C) pestle...k. D) key...to. E) peas...k.

12. The letter E is missing in words

A) chick...k, chair...k. B) barn...k, bay...k. C) peas...k, rain...k.

D) suitch...k, hut...k. E) bell...k, scandal...k.

13. The letter I is missing in the word

A) handkerchief. B) cucumber...k. C) oak...k. D) piece...k. E) sugar...k.

14. suffix –ICHK- is in the word

A) nanny...chka. B) time…. C) buttons...chka. D) lid...chka. E) little book.

Option 2

1. The subject agrees correctly with the predicate in the sentence

A) The hydroelectric power station came into operation.B) SMU received commitments.

C) VDNH presented new exhibits.D) The research institute began working on a new topic.

E) Kazakh State University received the status of a national university.

2. They only have a singular form

A) game names. B) words burden, udder, flame, crown.

C) names of time periods.D) names of composite and paired objects.

E) names of materials, substances or their residues.

3. Indicate in which case the plural form of a noun does not denote many objects:

A) Sea - seas. B) Dirt - dirt. C) Chair – chairs. D) Children.E) Person people.

4. The neuter gender is a compound abbreviated word:

A) RTS. B) hydroelectric power station. C) traffic police. D) vocational school. E) Youth Theater

5. The word has only a plural form

A) tea. B) silo. C) debate. D) spruce forest. E) teaching.

6. Nouns have only plural forms

A) mountains, forests. B) peoples, children. C) wrestlers, fighters. D) stones, flowers. E) shorts, holidays.

7. Nouns are neuter

A) tenge, attache. B) salami, madam. C) Avenue, Kohlrabi.D) bureau, communiqué.E) hummingbird, penalty.

8. General word

A) sister. B) orphan. C) a country. D) dad. E) grandfather.

9. Indeclinables include nouns

CDE

10. Nouns belong to none of the three declensions

A) houses, lands, churches.B) bullies, nurses, breakers.C) loaves, loaves, rolls.

D) holidays, day, yeast.E) reeds, willows, dewdrops

11. A compound noun is written with a hyphen.

A) (counter) attack. B) (forest) tundra. C) (radio) signal. D) (cardio)gram. E) (headquarters) captain.

12. The letter CH is missing in the word

A) gon...hic. B) deception...hic. C) spread...hic. D) sick...hic. E) rafters...ik

13. In wordsEuropean...ts, coat...tso, nanny...chka, ladder...chka letters missing

A) E, E, E, E. B) E, E, E, and. C) E, and, E, and. D) E, E, and, and. E) and, E, E, and.

14. suffix –ICHK- is in the word

A) nanny...chka. B) time…. C) buttons...chka. D) lid...chka. E) little book.

V . Homework Information Stage

§ 37-38, ex. 319, 324.

VI . Summing up the lesson

VII . Reflection stage

APPLICATION

Based on the diagrams, add the endings of the nouns

-E - noun husband. and Wednesday sort of

-SEARCH

-A - noun wives sort of

- USHK, - YUSHK, - A - noun husband. and wives kind of animate

-YSHK, - ISHK - O - noun husband. kind of inanimate. and Wednesday sort of

shower noun husband. sort of

or general kind - A

after the suffix – L

noun avg. sort of - ABOUT

Bolotishch..., beard..., big man..., big man..., neighbor..., nightingale..., boy..., sharpened..., kulachishch..., muddy..., sang..., little man..., letter..., chisel..., house..., naughty....

1 option

Apricot

apple

agreement

mandarin

towel

fable

tomato

poker

saucer

boot

Option 2

Rail

Saber

Northerner

Gram

Soldier

Tatar

Minsk resident

Tajik

Sock

Son

Option 3

Friend

Chicken

Kilogram

Nobleman

Gorge

Dress

Sheet

Prince

Husband

Log

3. From these words, write down nouns that have the form:

Option 1: a) only plural; Option 2: b) only singular.

Schemes A « -E, -I at the endings of nouns of different declensions"

-AND written in 1) on -mya (at time, about the banner);

2) 1 cl. (by the grove, by the candle)

words: 3) 3rd class. (mothers, daughters, paths);

4) on -iya (in R., d-, p.p.- army, about the army);

5) on -y, -y (in paragraphs) about the news, in the sanatorium

6) - E – in other cases.

Indicate the endings of the nouns and indicate the number of the above rule - algorithm.

On a sandbank, in a large conservatory building, in my notebook, name it, was in the library, served in the army, wore an overcoat, talked about reconnaissance, walked up to the square, on the first page, on a spruce branch, took part in a competition, was at school, theater, on the street, was in the planetarium, forgot about sadness, strength in unification, about sad news, stood by the banner, overjoyed, was in Romania, love for the Motherland.

1 option

1. The noun is used only in the plural

A) Oslo. B) blue. C) Love. D) iron. E) memoirs.

2. All forms of the genitive plural in the variant are formed correctly

A) Bashkir, sock, partisan, tomato.B) Bashkirs, socks, partisans, tomatoes.

C) Bashkirs, socks, partisans, tomatoes.D) Bashkirs, socks, partisans, tomatoes.

E) Bashkirs, socks, partisans, tomatoes.

3. Select the line with second declension nouns

A) Valya, Vanya. B) young man, uncle. C) Polesie, link. D) fate, homeland. E) height, blindness.

4. The noun is indeclinable

A) flu. B) good. C) intrigues. D) metro. E) sorrel.

5. The suffix EK is written in a noun

A) knife...k. B) leaf...k. C) pestle...k. D) key...to. E) peas...k.

Option 2

1. Nouns have only plural forms

A) mountains, forests. B) peoples, children. C) wrestlers, fighters. D) stones, flowers. E) shorts, holidays.

2. General word

A) sister. B) orphan. C) a country. D) dad. E) grandfather.

3. Indeclinables include nouns

A) neuter with ending I.B) neuter with endings O, E.

C) masculine and feminine with endings A, Z.D) masculine and feminine with zero ending.E) foreign languages with final vowels O, E, U, Yu, I, E.

4. The letter CH is missing in the word

A) gon...hic. B) deception...hic. C) spread...hic. D) sick...hic. E) rafters...ik

5. suffix –ICHK- is in the word

A) nanny...chka. B) time…. C) buttons...chka. D) lid...chka. E) little book.

ASSESSMENT SHEET ______________________________

Activities

Evaluation criteria

Vocabulary and spelling dictation

27-30 words – “5”

20-26 words – “4”

15-20 words – “3”

14 words – “2”

Group work

I suggested ideas

I said nothing

I read the rule and compared

I was active

I came up with a question

I made a cluster

Working in pairs

If you have determined the gender of all nouns, correctly place + above each word. Count the benefits.

If you correctly identified common words, put a + above each word. Count the benefits.

If all the words are correctly related, put a + above each word. Count the benefits.

Working with options

If the answer was correct, put +

If the answer was incorrect, put -

Count the pros and cons.

5 words – “5”

4 words – “4”

3 words – “3”

2 words – “2”

Individual work

10 words – “5”

8-9 words – “4”

5-7 words – “3”

4 words – “2”

Testing

5 words – “5”

4 words – “4”

3 words – “3”

2 words – “2”

Total. Lesson grade.

25 -30 points “5”

18 -24 points “4”

Declension of nouns

The declension of modified nouns is determined by the form nominative singular. Most singular nouns are divided into three types of declension.

The type of declension is determined by the initial form (singular, nominative case):

Ten neuter nouns -me (ending -I ): time, burden, stirrup, tribe, flame, banner, crown, seed, name, udder , as well as nouns way, child refer to divergent (they have endings of different declensions).

Noun Human has different roots in singular and plural ( person people), therefore has different types of declension in singular and plural:

Human(singular) – declined as a 2nd declension noun;
People (plural) – declined as a 3rd declension noun.

- Substantive adjectives and participles(nouns formed by moving from one part of speech to another: ice cream, dining room, living room, maid and etc .) do not belong to any of the three types of declension. They continue to decline, just as adjectives and participles decline.

Note!

Nouns of the 1st declension in -and I (ending -I ): army, aria, symphony, Maria etc. – in the dative case and prepositional case the singular has the ending -And

Wed: to the army, about the aria, to the symphony, about the symphony, to Mary, about Mary.

On nouns on -ya (ending -I ): Marya, liar, cell

Wed: to Marya, oh Marya.

Note!

-th (zero ending): cue, radium, proletarian, planetarium etc. – in the single prepositional case they have an ending -And , as nouns of the 3rd declension.

Wed: about radium, about the planetarium.

On nouns on -ey, -ay (zero ending): edge, sparrow etc. – this rule does not apply (!).

Wed: about the edge, about the sparrow.

Note!

Nouns of the 2nd declension in -ies (ending -e ): building, decision, being, consciousness etc. – in the singular, prepositional case they have the ending -And , as nouns of the 3rd declension.

Wed: about a building, about a decision, about being.

On nouns on -yo (ending -ё ): living, being, washing etc. – this rule does not apply (!).

Wed: about living, about being, about washing.

Note!

In indirect cases, nouns in -me have a suffix -en- (time, seed, name).
Exception form the plural forms of the genitive case of nouns seed, stirrup - no seeds, no stirrups.

Gender of nouns

1. Nouns belong to one of three childbirth: male, female, average.

· The gender of a noun can be determined, agreeing with it the possessive pronoun my:

my son, my governor, my curtain, my little house – masculine;
my wife, my wall, my night – feminine,
my window, my sky, my animal – neuter gender.

· In addition, for most nouns denoting people, gender can be determined by gender - my apprentice, my grandfather(masculine); my mother, my sister(feminine gender).

2. Genus unchangeable nouns is defined as follows.

· Gender of unchangeable nouns, calling people, determined by gender.

Brave hidalgo, refined lady.

· Nouns, denoting professions and occupation y, belong to the masculine gender.

Military attaché, night porter.

· Unchangeable nouns that name animals, are masculine, although when referring to a female they can be used as feminine nouns.

Australian kangaroo, funny chimpanzee, little hummingbird.
The chimpanzee was feeding her babies.

Exceptions: tsetse (fly), iwasi(fish) – feminine.

· Immutable inanimate nouns belong to the neuter gender.

Night taxi, delicious stew, new blinds.

Exceptions: coffee, penalty, sirocco(masculine) avenue, salami(feminine gender).

3. A special group consists of nouns general kind, which can refer to both male and female people.

What are you like slob ! What are you slob !

· General nouns characterize a person, usually give an evaluative description of a person, have the endings -а, -я and belong to the 1st declension.

Sluts A , started A , started singing A , hard worker A , dirty I , dude A , drunkards A , sissy A , dream I , crybaby A .

Note!

Some 2nd declension nouns with a zero ending, naming persons by profession ( doctor, professor, associate professor, driver etc.), although they can be used in relation to female persons, are still masculine nouns!

4. The gender of nouns is determined by the singular form. If a noun does not have a singular form, it cannot be classified into any of the three genders.

Manger, pasta, trousers, pitchforks.

Noun number

1. Most nouns have two numbers - the only thing And plural. In the singular form, a noun denotes one thing; in the plural form, it denotes several things.

2. Only one form

· most real nouns;

· most abstract nouns;

· most collective nouns;

· most proper names.

Note!

1) at real

a) types, varieties of substance:

2) at distracted of nouns the plural form has the meaning:

In the singular form, a noun denotes one thing; in the plural form, it denotes several things.

Pencil - pencils; doctor - doctors.

2. Only one form(singular or plural) have real, collective, abstract and some concrete nouns.

They only have the singular form:

most material nouns;

Oil, cement, sugar, pearls, sour cream, milk.

most abstract nouns;

Joy, goodness, grief, fun, redness, running, gray hair.

most collective nouns;

Teaching, students, foliage, animals, crows, children.

most proper names.

Voronezh, Caucasus, Caspian Sea, Ural.

Note!

In some cases, nouns that have only a singular form can form plural forms. But such education is necessarily associated with a change in the meaning of the word:

1) at real of nouns the plural form has the meaning:

a) types, varieties of substance:

wine – dessert wines, oil – technical oils;

b) the value of the large space covered by this substance:

water – ocean waters, sand – Karakum sands;

2) at distracted of nouns the plural form has the meaning:

a) various manifestations of qualities, properties, states:

opportunity - new opportunities, joy - our joys;

b) duration, frequency and degree of manifestation of a sign, condition, action:

frost – prolonged frosts, pain – severe pain, scream – screams.

They only have the plural form:

some real nouns;

Ink, sawdust, cleaning.

some abstract nouns;

Name days, elections, attacks, intrigues, beatings.

some collective nouns;

Money, finance, wilds.

some proper names;

Karakum, Carpathians, novel “Demons”.

words denoting paired objects, that is, objects consisting of two parts;

Glasses, trousers, sleigh, gates, scissors, pliers.

some names of periods of time.

Twilight, day, weekdays, holidays.

Note!

For nouns that only have a plural form, not only the gender, but also the declension is not determined!

C) Case and declension of nouns

1. There are six in Russian cases:

All cases except the nominative are called indirect.

Note!

1) To correctly determine the case of a noun, you need to find the word on which the noun depends and ask a question about the noun from this word, and it is better to use both questions at the same time.

Wed: He believed friend: believed[to whom? what?] friend – D. p.

The form I. p. usually has a subject, and such a noun does not depend on other members of the sentence, but is connected with the predicate.

Wed: I have[Who? What?] Friend - I. p.

2) It is especially important to ask both questions if the noun is in the nominative, genitive or accusative case, since animate nouns have the same questions in the genitive and accusative cases (who?), and inanimate nouns have the same questions in the nominative and accusative cases (what?).

Wed: I have seen[whom? What?] friend – V. p.; There is no[whom? what?] friend – R. p.; I have seen[whom? What?] movie - accusative; Shown in the cinema[Who? What?] movie "Stalker"- Nominative case.

3) If a noun has a preposition, then the question must be asked using this preposition.

Wed: He looked at the book: he looked[in whom? into what?] in the book.

4) A preposition can be separated from a noun by an adjective or pronoun. Note that a preposition is associated with a noun, not a noun-dependent modifier.

Wed: He was quarreling with his friend: quarreling[with whom? with what?] with a friend.

Education

How to determine the case of a noun? Determine gender, number, case of nouns

April 11, 2016

Even in elementary school, schoolchildren are taught how to determine the case of a noun. Unfortunately, not everyone succeeds at once. It is necessary to possess a sufficiently large amount of information to complete this task without difficulty.

Noun as part of speech

Each of us is familiar with a noun. We use it without hesitation every day in our speech. Now let’s imagine that this part of speech no longer exists. Try to talk about an event without his help. It is unlikely that this will be possible, since they.noun. gives names to all objects and phenomena that exist in our lives. Everything we see around us and talk about cannot do without it. Therefore, its main function is considered to be nominative, that is, to give names to all objects.

Calling each other by name, we also cannot do without a noun. Having a perfect command of our native language, we correctly put this part of speech into the required form. In our article we will try to determine from a scientific point of view which case and number are used in the word.

Declension

Before you learn how to determine the case of a noun, you need to understand what declension is. The word itself means “change.” That is, to incline means to change the noun. by numbers and cases.

There are several types of declension in the Russian language.

The first includes words that end in -a or -ya. They must be in masculine or feminine form. For example: car, uncle, painting, nature.

Words in the second declension have different criteria. Such nouns have the endings -о, -е or zero and belong to the neuter and masculine genders. For example: regulation, unit, fiber.

If we have a feminine word with a soft sign at the end (respectively, a zero ending), then it is classified as the third declension. For example: daughter, thing, speech, night.

Each group has its own ending system. These are the ones that need to be remembered when receiving the task: “Determine the case and declension of nouns.”

Genus

In the Russian language there are three types of it. Before we learn how to correctly determine the case of nouns, we need to know this information.

The masculine gender includes words that are combined with the personal pronoun “he”: boat, boss, result.

The neuter gender is determined by the word “it”. It includes most abstract and inanimate concepts: perception, happiness, well-being.

Accordingly, feminine words include words that are combined with the word “she”: love, photography, life.

In order to determine gender, it is necessary to take into account which personal pronoun the desired noun agrees with.

Case

Now is the time to learn how to determine the case of nouns. To do this, you need to know what questions each of them answers.

The initial form of words in this part of speech is always the nominative case. It performs the function of the main member of the sentence - the subject.

Before determining the case of a noun, ask a question. In im.p. - "who what?". For example: vase, flower.

The dative case requires the word “give” (“to whom?”, “to what”?). For example: vase, flower.

Very often the accusative case is confused with the nominative. It answers the questions “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary form “see” or “blame” is also added to it. For example: vase, flower.

The creative requires the questions “by whom?” or “what? It is combined with the word “admire”. For example: a vase, a flower.

And the last, prepositional: “about whom?” or “about what?” The words “think” or “speak” are added to help.

Now we know how to determine the case of nouns. For this simple task, you only need to correctly select the question for the required word.

Features of the nominative and accusative

Despite the seemingly simplicity of determining case, sometimes questions still arise. All this happens because some forms may coincide. Such absolute similarity between words is called homonyms.

For example, very often the shapes of them coincide. and wine cases. In order to differentiate them, we need to carefully examine the context.

Let's compare two sentences:

A beautiful tree grew in the clearing.
Approaching the clearing, we saw a beautiful tree.

The forms of the word are absolutely the same.

The question arises of how to determine the accusative case of a noun. To do this, we must follow the syntactic role of this word. In the first sentence, the word “tree” is the subject, agreeing with the predicate “grew.” It independently performs the action, so we can easily determine that its case is nominative.

Now let's look at the second example. The grammatical basis is “we saw.” Some action is performed on the tree, and therefore in this case we have the accusative case.

Dative and prepositional

Also in some cases the prepositional case and the dative case coincide.

We walked along the road.
I thought about the road ahead all evening.

Again, complete coincidence of word forms. In this case, we will use the method of artificial plural substitution. It will turn out:

We walked along the roads.
I was thinking about the roads.

Now we see that by multiply. It is easier to distinguish cases by number: in the first case - dative (about what?), in the second - prepositional (about what?).

There is one more little trick. The dative case has two prepositions “to” and “by”. Thanks to them, it is easy to distinguish it from other forms.

Analysis

Often in class, students are tasked with determining gender, number, and case of nouns. This is usually required to conduct a morphological analysis of a word.

Let's give an example of a sample parsing of a noun.

Our boys took part in competitions.

In competitions - them. noun
The initial form (what?) is competition.
Constant signs:

It does not denote the name of any objects, therefore it is a common noun;

Inanimate;

Avg. genus (it);

It ends in -e and refers to the environment. gender, which means the type of declension is second.

Variable signs:

Plural number;

Answers the question “in what?”, is combined with the auxiliary word “think”, therefore the case is prepositional.

In the sentence it will serve as a secondary member - an addition.

Conclusion

We have studied in detail how to determine the case of a noun. In addition, we were able to perform a morphological analysis of the word in order to confirm all the information received. Thus, we will no longer have any difficulties in this matter. You just need to ask the question correctly, and the case will be easily determined. When homonymous forms appear, it is enough to look at the syntactic role of the word or replace the singular with the plural.

1. Nouns belong to one of three childbirth: male, female, average.

The gender of a noun can be determined by agreeing with it the possessive pronoun my:

my son, my governor, my curtain, my little house - masculine;
my wife, my wall, my night - feminine,
my window, my sky, my animal - neuter gender.

In addition, for most nouns denoting people, gender can be determined by gender - my apprentice, my grandfather(masculine); my mother, my sister(feminine gender).

2. Genus unchangeable nouns is defined as follows.

The gender of uninflected nouns that name people is determined by gender.

Brave hidalgo, refined lady.

Nouns denoting professions and occupations are masculine.

Military attaché, night porter.

Unchangeable nouns that name animals are masculine, although when referring to a female they can be used as feminine nouns.

Australian kangaroo, funny chimpanzee, little hummingbird.
The chimpanzee was feeding her babies.

Exceptions: tsetse, iwasi- feminine gender.

Unchangeable inanimate nouns are neuter.

Night taxi, delicious stew, new blinds.

Exceptions: coffee, penalty, sirocco(masculine) avenue, salami(feminine gender).

3. A special group consists of nouns general kind, which can refer to both male and female people.

What a slob you are! What a slob you are!

Nouns of the general gender characterize a person, usually give an evaluative characteristic of a person, have the endings -а, -я and belong to the 1st declension.

A slob, a ringleader, a singer, a hard worker, a dirty guy, a dude, a drunkard, a sissy, a sleepyhead, a crybaby.

Note!

4. The gender of nouns is determined by the singular form. If a noun does not have a singular form, it cannot be classified into any of the three genders.

Manger, pasta, trousers, pitchforks.

B) Number of a noun

1. Most nouns have two numbers - the only thing And plural. In the singular form, a noun denotes one object; in the plural form, it denotes several objects.

Pencil - pencils; doctor - doctors.

2. Only one form(singular or plural) have real, collective, abstract and some concrete nouns.

Only the form singular have:

most material nouns;

Oil, cement, sugar, pearls, sour cream, milk.

most abstract nouns;

Joy, goodness, grief, fun, redness, running, gray hair.

most collective nouns;

Teaching, students, foliage, animals, crows, children.

most proper names.

Voronezh, Caucasus, Caspian Sea, Ural.

Note!

In some cases, nouns that have only a singular form can form plural forms. But such education is necessarily associated with a change in the meaning of the word:

1) at real

a) types, varieties of substance:

wine - dessert wines, oil - technical oils;

b) the value of the large space covered by this substance:

water - ocean waters, sand - Karakum sands;

2) at distracted of nouns the plural form has the meaning:

a) various manifestations of qualities, properties, states:

opportunity - new opportunities, joy - our joys;

b) duration, frequency and degree of manifestation of a sign, condition, action:

frost - prolonged frosts, pain - severe pain, scream - screams.

Only the form plural have:

some real nouns;

Ink, sawdust, cleaning.

some abstract nouns;

Name days, elections, attacks, intrigues, beatings.

some collective nouns;
Money, finance, wilds.

some proper names;

Karakum, Carpathians, novel “Demons”.

words denoting paired objects, that is, objects consisting of two parts;

Glasses, trousers, sleigh, gates, scissors, pliers.

some names of periods of time.

Twilight, day, weekdays, holidays.

Note!

For nouns that only have a plural form, not only the gender, but also the declension is not determined!

C) Case and declension of nouns

1. There are six in Russian cases:

All cases except the nominative are called indirect.

Note!

Wed: He trusted his friend: he believed[to whom? what?] friend - D. p.

The form I. p. usually has a subject, and such a noun does not depend on other members of the sentence, but is connected with the predicate.

Wed: I have[Who? what?] friend - I. p.

3) If a noun has a preposition, then the question must be asked using this preposition.

Wed: He looked at the book: he looked[in whom? into what?] in the book.

4) A preposition can be separated from a noun by an adjective or pronoun. Note that a preposition is associated with a noun, not a noun-dependent modifier.

Wed: He was quarreling with his friend: quarreling[with whom? with what?] with a friend.

2. Changing nouns by case and number is called declination.

Immutable nouns ( coat, citro, metro, taxi, kangaroo, UN, traffic police) have no declination! Their number and case can be determined in phrases and sentences on the question.

He was sitting[in whom? what?] V coat - singular, prepositional case; He came[without whom? without which?] without coat - singular, genitive case.

3. The declension of modified nouns is determined by the form nominative singular. Most singular nouns are divided into three types of declension.

The type of declension is determined by the initial form (singular, nominative case):

1st class	-and I	Feminine, masculine and common nouns with endings -а, -я.	Spring, earth, line, uncle, ruler, dirty one.
2nd class	zero	Masculine nouns ending in zero.	House□ , edge□ , ball□ , planetarium□ .
2nd class	-o, -e	All nouns end in -o, -e.	Window, field, suspicion- neuter gender; wolf, apprentice- masculine.
3rd class	zero	Feminine nouns ending in zero.	Mother□ , daughter□ , night□ , steppe□ .

4. Ten neuter nouns ending in -мя (ending -я): time, burden, stirrup, tribe, flame, banner, crown, seed, name, udder, as well as nouns way, child refer to divergent(they have endings of different declensions).

5. The noun person has different roots in the singular and plural ( person people), therefore has different types of declension in singular and plural:

person (singular) - declined as a 2nd declension noun;
people (plural) - declined as a 3rd declension noun.

6. Substantive adjectives and participles (nouns formed by moving from one part of speech to another: ice cream, dining room, living room, maid etc.) do not belong to any of the three types of declension. They continue to decline, just as adjectives and participles decline!

D) Declension patterns for nouns

1st declension

Case	Singular			Plural
I. p.	Mother	Nanny	Aria	Moms	Nannies	Arias
R. p.	Moms	Nannies	Arias	Mom	Nian	Arius
D. p.	To mom	Nanny	Arias	Moms	Nannies	Ariyam
V. p.	Mom	Nanny	Aria	Mom	Nian	Arias
etc.	Mom	Nanny(s)	Aria(s)	By moms	Nannies	Arias
P. p.	About mom	About the nanny	About the aria	About moms	About nannies	About arias

Note!

Nouns of the 1st declension ending in -iya: army, aria, symphony, Maria and others - in the dative case and prepositional case of the singular they have the ending -i, like nouns of the 3rd declension.

Wed: to the army, about the aria, to the symphony, about the symphony, to Mary, about Mary.

For nouns ending in -ya: Marya, liar, cell

Wed: to Marya, oh Marya.

2nd declension. Masculine

Case	Singular			Plural
I. p.	House	Horse	Cue	At home	Horses	cues
R. p.	At home	Horse	Kiya	Houses	Horses	Kyiv
D. p.	Home	horse	Kiyu	Home	Horses	Kiyam
V. p.	House	Horse	Cue	At home	Horses	cues
etc.	Home	Horse	cue	Homes	Horses	Kiyami
P. p.	About the house	About the horse	About the cue	About houses	About horses	About cues

Note!

Nouns of the 2nd declension ending in -iy (zero ending): cue, radium, proletarian, planetarium and others - in the single prepositional case they have the ending -i, like nouns of the 3rd declension.

Wed: about radium, about the planetarium.

For nouns ending in -ey, -ai (zero ending): edge, sparrow etc. - this rule does not apply (!).

Wed: about the edge, about the sparrow.

2nd declension. Neuter gender

Indeclinable nouns

Case	Singular		Plural
I. p.	Time	Path	Time	Paths
R. p.	Time	Paths	Times	Ways
D. p.	Time	Paths	From time to time	Ways
V. p.	Time	Path	Time	Paths
etc.	Time	By	From time to time	In ways
P. p.	About the time	About the path	About times	About the paths

Note!

In indirect cases, nouns ending in -mya have the suffix -en- ( time, seed, name).
Exception form the plural forms of the genitive case of nouns seed, stirrup - no seeds, no stirrups.

Class: 5

Goals:

Introduce the concept of general genus.
Observe synonymy and antonymy of words with children.
Introduce only singular and only plural forms.
Introduce the concept of collective nouns.
Understand case as a morphological and syntactic category.
Develop students' speech.

During the classes

Lesson 1 Gender of nouns

Updating basic knowledge. Introduction of new terms and concepts.

1. Gender of nouns.

Remember how to determine the gender of nouns?
Is it a permanent or non-permanent symptom?
Do all nouns have a gender?

Let's remember what we know about this. We put together a table and talk.

Exercise. Determine the gender of the nouns and place them in the appropriate columns.

Plant, road, contract, beast, sprout, shoots, food, bureau, time, level, region, cabin boy, movie, monster, joy, dirt, jaguar.

Conclusion: Nouns are masculine, feminine, or neuter, rather than “inflected by gender.”

2. Movement of the topic.

Explaining new material through a grammar task.

1. What do the words slob, elder, ignorant, wretched, clever, hard worker, doctor have in common?

He or she? Mine or mine? Dont clear. These words are called words general kind, and they “acquire” masculine or feminine gender only in context.

For example. What a slob you are! (About the boy). - What a slob you are! (About the girl.)

Let's write in the fourth column a term of a general gender and words of a general gender: orphan, crybaby, arrogant, glutton, quiet.

Exercise. Let's make two sentences with a common noun so that they can be classified as feminine or masculine.

I row	II row	III row
	Poor thing	Fidget

2. Is it always easy to determine the genus?

Not always. You cannot substitute pronouns for nouns without knowing their gender. he she or my my.

Remember!

Gender and words of other parts of speech that agree with nouns will tell you.

Exercise. Come up with the phrases “adj. + noun.” Use your imagination to vividly describe the subject.

For example: a new one is installed on the roof roofing felt, there was a lace hanging on the window tulle, bought a new fragrant shampoo, drank aromatic cocoa(write it down in a notebook).

3. Independent work.

Add endings to words that are grammatically related to nouns.

The authoritative... jury awarded... first place to the gymnasts.
A light blue taxi was rushing along the new highway.
Warm... woolen... muffler warmed... throat.

What kind of indeclinable nouns are from French? (Average, like coat, puree, bureau, depot.)

Two French words: cocoa And coffee– used as words for the spirit of gender: aromatic cocoa – neuter; tart coffee is masculine. In modern Russian, the word coffee is masculine, but “it is also acceptable to use this word in the neuter gender: condensed coffee with milk”

3. Consolidation.

Ex. 886. (Choose synonyms for the nouns with a sign of a different gender. Indicate the endings.)

4. Lesson summary.

Exercise. What common noun appears in the following poem? Who does it apply to? How to determine the gender of this noun in this text?

Here I gave

- So I gave it to him!
- To whom?
- To that bully.
I have only one regret:
He ran away from me.
- So why are you lying there?
Aren't you running after him?
- No, I’ll still lie down,
I'll look after him.
Let him dare to return -
I can always run away.
(Vasil Vitka)

5. Homework

Lesson II. Number of nouns

1. Following homework.

a) Name common nouns.
b) You have already named some nouns that reflect our shortcomings. Bring criticism to yourself using common nouns (slob, disheveled, mongrel, sleepyhead, filthy, weasel, rogue, rogue, simpleton, ignoramus).
c) Which of the two forms is correct?

Do nouns change according to gender?
Do nouns belong to one of three genders?
Why is the first formulation fundamentally wrong?

Conclusion: Nouns are masculine, feminine, or neuter, rather than inflected by gender.

Teacher. You learned about a common noun. By repeating a noun, we will learn something new all the time. And today we will find out. We know that nouns have two numbers...

2. Working with the textbook p.102 (theory). Read about the number of a noun.

1. What number forms do nouns have?

Most nouns can be used in both singular and plural.

The teacher names the noun, and the children form the plural. Let's write it down.

Building - (buildings), agreement - (agreements), figure - (figures), brother - (brothers), calf - (calves). What conclusion can you draw about the ways in which the plural is formed from the singular by analyzing the written words? (Number forms are formed using different endings.)

2. Form verbally the plural of nouns.

Cloud – (clouds), field – (fields), turner – (no), oil – (no).

It turns out that not all nouns can be formed into plurals.

2. Now we will make discoveries.

Opening 1. Only the singular form (write down the words and insert the desired letter).

M...l...ko, sm...tana, l...stva, cr...snota, b...nzin, teaches...flattery, love, friendship, Caucasus, Ural.

What can nouns used only in the singular mean?

real nouns: milk, gasoline, sour cream;
abstract nouns: love, friendship, beauty;
collective nouns: teaching, foliage;
proper nouns: Caucasus, Ural.

Consolidation. Exercise 891.

Opening 2. Only in the plural. Ex. 892 (working with the textbook).

What do nouns that only have a plural form mean?

denoting paired items, for example: glasses, trousers;
with an abstract meaning, for example: name day;
denoting a substance, for example: ink;
proper nouns, for example: Carpathians.

2. Consolidation.

Exercise.(The table opens.)

Distribute the words: sugar, holidays, sleigh, lads, kids, friendship, Volgograd, youth, gates, foliage, ink into the table columns.

What conclusion can be drawn?

Conclusion: Some nouns are singular (milk, fury) or only plural (vacation, twilight, tongs). One form of number for abstract, real, collective nouns in the circle of common nouns, as well as for proper names (Siberia - only singular, Alps - only plural).

3. Lesson summary.

What new things have you learned about the number of nouns?

Name in which line the nouns have only the singular form.

Frivolity, bad manners, stubbornness.
Task, problem, solution.
Agreement, approval, device.

State in which line the nouns have only the plural form.

Cornflowers, bells, daisies.
Sneakers, shoes, sandals.
Jeans, leggings, shorts.

4. Homework

III lesson. Case of nouns.

1. Intrigue.

A rhyming tongue twister is written on the board. Read it several times, speeding up the pace each time.

Three waxwings barely.
They whistled on the spruce...

Who noticed a mistake in writing a tongue twister? Why did it happen? (Of course, ignorance of the noun declension spruce– its ending is in the prepositional case.)

Today we will talk about cases.

2. Topic movement

Exercise 1.

Read the poem.
How the word changes spring?
What is this change in nouns called?
Determine the cases in which the highlighted word is used.

Birds singing in the groves,
And there is silence in the class.
We are going through declination,
“Spring” is bowing.
Spring, spring, spring,
In spring, oh spring...
A bunny walks along the window,
Like the sun on a spoon.
(Ya.L. Akim)

How many cases are there in Russian?
Name cases and case questions (children name cases and case questions).

Conclusion: case is the form of a noun in which it appears in a sentence or phrase. Case is a non-constant feature of a noun, denoting the relationship of an object to other objects, actions: ride (what?) on a sled - etc.; to ride (from what?) down the mountain – gender. P.

To correctly determine the case of a noun, you need:

Find the word that the noun refers to.
Put a question from this word to the noun.

Task 2. Ex. 895 (Write down, determining the case of nouns. Use the reasoning model.)

3. Consolidation

Exercise 1. Determine the case of nouns by substituting a question for them.

The same exact (......) gold quietly sparkles in separate (......) sparkles in the (......) cracks of the old (......)bark. Under (……) an oak tree twisted by (…….) time, (…..) winds, (…..) rains, (…..) frost and (…..) heat into a gnarled (…..) giant , hid (…..) house. The gusty (…..) wind evokes sad (…..) thoughts, it’s sad to stand alone by the washed-out (…..) road, someone in a (…..) cart drives and drives through the (…..) spruce forest - later (…..) time – the belated (…..) horns are rushing.

Task 2. Write it off. Underline the subjects and objects expressed by nouns. Indicate their case.

People are working everywhere and everywhere. Builders are building houses. Designers create new cars.

Grain growers grow wheat. Miners extract coal. Writers write books. Children are taught by teachers.

4. Lesson summary.

Game "Editor"

What mistakes did the student make in determining cases?

One student determined the case of a noun this way:

The work was done in a notebook. Notebook - ending -e, dative case.
There were no corrections in the notebook. Notebooks – ending -i, genitive case.

5. Homework.

Working with cards.

Card

Exercise. Compose and write down word combinations. Indicate the case of nouns. Carry out a morphemic analysis of the selected word.

Vin.p. Vin.p.

Sample: Thank (for what?) for attention, for order.

Respect (whom?), respect (to whom?), despise (whom?), contempt (to whom?), gratitude (to whom?), rejoice (what?), joy (from what?), be proud of (whom?) , pride (for whom?), inject (with what?), appear (to whom?).