Women - heroes of the Great Patriotic War: Tatyana Marcus

Women - heroes of the Great Patriotic War: Tatyana Marcus

Today, having come home very impressed after the WWII museum, I decided to learn more about the women who took part in the battles. To my great shame, I have to admit that I heard many names for the first time, or knew them before, but did not attach any importance to them. But these girls were much younger than I am now, when life put them in terrible conditions, where they dared to perform a feat.

September 21, 1921 - January 29, 1943. The heroine of the Kyiv underground in the years Great Patriotic War. Withstood six months of fascist torture

For six months she was tortured by the Nazis, but she withstood everything without betraying her comrades. The Nazis never found out that a representative of the people they had doomed to complete destruction had entered into a fierce battle with them. Tatyana Markus was born in the city of Romny, Poltava region, in a Jewish family. A few years later, the Marcus family moved to Kyiv.

In Kyiv, from the first days of the occupation of the city, she began to actively participate in underground activities. She was a liaison officer for the underground city committee and a member of a sabotage and extermination group. She repeatedly participated in acts of sabotage against the Nazis, in particular, during the parade of the invaders, she threw a grenade, disguised in a bouquet of asters, at a marching column of soldiers.

Using forged documents, she was registered in a private house under the name Markusidze: the underground fighters are inventing a legend for Tanya, according to which she -Georgian, daughter of a prince shot by the Bolsheviks, wants to work for the Wehrmacht , - supply her with documents.

Brown eyes, black eyebrows and eyelashes. Slightly curly hair, delicate, delicate blush. The face is open and decisive. Many German officers looked at Prince Markusidze. And then, on the instructions of the underground, she uses this opportunity. She manages to get a job as a waitress in the officers' mess and gain the trust of her superiors.

There she successfully continued her sabotage activities: she added poison to the food. Several officers died, but Tanya remained above suspicion. In addition, she shot a valuable Gestapo informant with her own hands, and also transmitted information about traitors working for the Gestapo to the underground. Many officers of the German army were attracted by her beauty and looked after her. A high-ranking official from Berlin, who arrived to fight the partisans and underground fighters, could not resist. He was shot and killed by Tanya Marcus in his apartment. During her activities, Tanya Marcus destroyed several dozen fascist soldiers and officers.

But Tanya’s father, Joseph Marcus, does not return from the next mission of the underground. Vladimir Kudryashov was betrayed by a high-ranking Komsomol functionary, 1st secretary of the Kyiv city committee of the Komsomol, and now an underground member Ivan Kucherenko. The Gestapo men are seizing the underground fighters one after another. My heart breaks with pain, but Tanya moves on. Now she is ready for anything. Her comrades restrain her and ask her to be careful. And she answers: My life is measured by how many of these reptiles I destroy...

One day she shot a Nazi officer and left a note: " The same fate awaits all of you fascist bastards. Tatyana Markusidze"The leadership of the underground ordered the withdrawal Tanya Marcus from the city to the partisans. August 22, 1942 she was captured by the Gestapo while trying to cross the Desna. For 5 months she was subjected to severe torture by the Gestapo, but she did not betray anyone. January 29, 1943 she was shot.

Awards:

- Medal to the Partisan of the Great Patriotic War

- Medal for the Defense of Kyiv.

- Title Hero of Ukraine

Tatiana Markus A monument was erected in Babi Yar.

,
Ukrainian SSR

Date of death Affiliation

USSR USSR

Type of army

Underground workers

Years of service Battles/wars Awards and prizes

Tatyana Iosifovna Markus(September 21 - January 29) - heroine of the Kyiv underground during the Great Patriotic War.

Biography

Tatyana Markus was born in the city of Romny, Sumy region, into a Jewish family.

A few years later the Markus family moved to Kyiv. Tanya Marcus graduated from the 9th grade of school No. 44. Since 1938, she worked as secretary of the personnel department of the passenger service of the South-Western Railway. In the summer of 1940, she was sent to Chisinau, where she worked in the tram and trolleybus depot.

With the capture of Chisinau by the Romanians, she returned to Kyiv, where from the first days of the occupation of the city she began to actively participate in underground activities. She was a liaison officer for the underground city committee and a member of a sabotage and extermination group. She repeatedly participated in acts of sabotage against the Nazis, in particular, during the parade of the invaders, she threw a grenade disguised in a bouquet of asters at a marching column of soldiers. Using forged documents, she was registered in a private house under the name Markusidze: a legend was invented that she was the daughter of a Georgian prince who was shot by the Bolsheviks. Under this name she got a job in the officers' canteen. There she successfully continued her sabotage activities: she added poison to the food. Several officers died, but Tanya remained above suspicion. In addition, she shot a valuable Gestapo informant with her own hands, and also transmitted information about traitors working for the Gestapo to the underground. Many officers of the German army were attracted by her beauty and looked after her. A high-ranking official from Berlin, who arrived to fight the partisans and underground fighters, could not resist. He was shot and killed by Tanya Marcus in his apartment. During her activities, Tanya Marcus destroyed several dozen German soldiers and officers.

The hunt for her began. One day she shot a Nazi officer and left a note: The same fate awaits all of you fascist bastards. Tatyana Markusidze. The leadership of the underground decided to take Tanya Marcus out of the city to join the partisans, but were unable to do so. On August 22, 1942, she was captured by the Wehrmacht coast guard while trying to cross the Dnieper. She was subjected to severe torture by the Gestapo for five months, but she did not betray anyone. On January 29, 1943, Tanya Marcus was shot.

Awards

Title Hero of Ukraine (21.09. - for personal courage and heroic self-sacrifice, fortitude in the fight against fascist invaders in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, posthumously).
Medal to the Partisan of the Great Patriotic War, 2nd degree (posthumous).
Medal "For the Defense of Kyiv" (posthumously).

Memory

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Excerpt characterizing Marcus, Tatyana Iosifovna

Pierre, as most often happens, felt the full weight of the physical deprivations and stresses experienced in captivity only when these stresses and deprivations ended. After his release from captivity, he came to Orel and on the third day of his arrival, while he was going to Kyiv, he fell ill and lay sick in Orel for three months; As the doctors said, he suffered from bilious fever. Despite the fact that the doctors treated him, bled him and gave him medicine to drink, he still recovered.
Everything that happened to Pierre from the time of his liberation until his illness left almost no impression on him. He remembered only grey, gloomy, sometimes rainy, sometimes snowy weather, internal physical melancholy, pain in his legs, in his side; remembered the general impression of misfortune and suffering of people; he remembered the curiosity of the officers and generals who questioned him that disturbed him, his efforts to find a carriage and horses, and, most importantly, he remembered his inability to think and feel at that time. On the day of his release, he saw the corpse of Petya Rostov. On the same day, he learned that Prince Andrei had been alive for more than a month after the Battle of Borodino and had only recently died in Yaroslavl, in the Rostov house. And on the same day, Denisov, who reported this news to Pierre, between conversations mentioned Helen’s death, suggesting that Pierre had known this for a long time. All this seemed strange to Pierre at the time. He felt that he could not understand the meaning of all this news. He was only in a hurry then, as quickly as possible, to leave these places where people were killing each other, to some quiet refuge and there to come to his senses, rest and think about all the strange and new things that he had learned during this time. But as soon as he arrived in Orel, he fell ill. Waking up from his illness, Pierre saw around him his two people who had arrived from Moscow - Terenty and Vaska, and the eldest princess, who, living in Yelets, on Pierre's estate, and having learned about his release and illness, came to him to visit behind him.
During his recovery, Pierre only gradually unaccustomed himself to the impressions of the last months that had become familiar to him and got used to the fact that no one would drive him anywhere tomorrow, that no one would take his warm bed away, and that he would probably have lunch, tea, and dinner. But in his dreams, for a long time he saw himself in the same conditions of captivity. Pierre also gradually understood the news that he learned after his release from captivity: the death of Prince Andrei, the death of his wife, the destruction of the French.
A joyful feeling of freedom - that complete, inalienable, inherent freedom of man, the consciousness of which he first experienced at his first rest stop, when leaving Moscow, filled Pierre's soul during his recovery. He was surprised that this internal freedom, independent of external circumstances, now seemed to be abundantly, luxuriously furnished with external freedom. He was alone in a strange city, without acquaintances. Nobody demanded anything from him; they didn't send him anywhere. He had everything he wanted; The thought of his wife that had always tormented him before was no longer there, since she no longer existed.
- Oh, how good! How nice! - he said to himself when they brought him a cleanly set table with fragrant broth, or when he lay down on a soft, clean bed at night, or when he remembered that his wife and the French were no more. - Oh, how good, how nice! - And out of old habit, he asked himself: well, then what? What will i do? And immediately he answered himself: nothing. I will live. Oh, how nice!
The very thing that tormented him before, what he was constantly looking for, the purpose of life, now did not exist for him. It was no coincidence that this sought-after goal of life did not exist for him at the present moment, but he felt that it did not and could not exist. And it was this lack of purpose that gave him that complete, joyful consciousness of freedom, which at that time constituted his happiness.
He could not have a goal, because he now had faith - not faith in some rules, or words, or thoughts, but faith in a living, always felt God. Previously, he sought it for the purposes that he set for himself. This search for a goal was only a search for God; and suddenly he learned in his captivity, not in words, not by reasoning, but by direct feeling, what his nanny had told him long ago: that God is here, here, everywhere. In captivity, he learned that God in Karataev is greater, infinite and incomprehensible than in the Architect of the universe recognized by the Freemasons. He experienced the feeling of a man who had found what he was looking for under his feet, while he strained his eyesight, looking far away from himself. All his life he had been looking somewhere, over the heads of the people around him, but he should have not strained his eyes, but only looked in front of him.
He had not been able to see before the great, incomprehensible and infinite in anything. He just felt that it must be somewhere and looked for it. In everything close and understandable, he saw something limited, petty, everyday, meaningless. He armed himself with a mental telescope and looked into the distance, to where this small, everyday thing, hiding in the fog of the distance, seemed great and endless to him only because it was not clearly visible. This is how he imagined European life, politics, Freemasonry, philosophy, philanthropy. But even then, in those moments that he considered his weakness, his mind penetrated into this distance, and there he saw the same petty, everyday, meaningless things. Now he had learned to see the great, the eternal and the infinite in everything, and therefore naturally, in order to see it, to enjoy its contemplation, he threw down the pipe into which he had been looking until now through the heads of people, and joyfully contemplated the ever-changing, ever-great world around him. , incomprehensible and endless life. And the closer he looked, the more calm and happy he was. Previously, the terrible question that destroyed all his mental structures was: why? did not exist for him now. Now to this question - why? a simple answer was always ready in his soul: because there is a God, that God, without whose will a hair will not fall from a man’s head.

October 2011

(To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Tatyana Markus)

The name of the heroic Kyiv underground fighter Tatyana Marcus is now well known. Largely thanks to the efforts of the head of the Jewish Council of Ukraine, Ilya Levitas, in Kiev, at the intersection of Dorogozhitskaya and Elena Teliga streets, in December 2009, a monument was erected to a heroine of the resistance brutally tortured by the Nazis, who was an active member of an underground sabotage and extermination group and destroyed several dozen fascists.

Tatyana Iosifovna Markus was born on September 21, 1921 in Romny, into a large and friendly Jewish family with six children.
In the 20s, the Markuses moved to Kyiv, where Tanya completed nine years of high school. Since 1938 he has worked as secretary of the personnel department of the passenger service at the South-Western Railway.
In July 1940, she was sent to Chisinau. There she works in the tram and trolleybus depot. After the capture of Moldova by the Romanians in July 1941, Tanya returned to Kyiv and from the first days of the occupation of the city actively participated in the underground struggle. Tanya’s father Joseph Marcus also remained in Kyiv. The rest of the family evacuated.
At first she was assigned to engage in propaganda activities. Raids continued in the city. They were looking for Jews. Tanya was registered in her own home by Natalya Grigorievna Dobrovolskaya.
The underground members came up with a legend for Tanya, according to which she is a Georgian, Princess Markusidze, the daughter of a prince shot by the Bolsheviks, and wants to work for the Wehrmacht.
Friends said about her: “God collected all the beauty and gave it to Tanya Marcus.”
On instructions from the underground, Tatyana manages to get a job in the officers' mess. More than one German officer had his eye on “Princess Markusidze.”

She serves the ranks, allows officers, especially Gestapo and SS, to look after her.
She does not refuse when she is invited to the opera... with the Brigadeführer himself, who arrived from Berlin to investigate the case of the Kyiv underground.
The young SD officer Paul even promised to take Tanya to Germany when he left.
And then four of her clients got poisoned, is it really her fault? Suspicion did not fall on Tanya.
Tanya was friendly with her fans, inviting them to places where underground fighters were already waiting for them.
Those invited were killed, weapons and uniforms were taken away - all these things were very necessary in underground work. Hauptsturmführer Erich, who decided to make Tanya his mistress, was destroyed along with his assistant by Tanya’s comrades in his apartment.
Tanya's father Joseph Marcus did not return from his next mission. On behalf of the leader of the underground group, Vladimir Kudryashov, he went around the villages and maintained contact with underground groups. At this time, due to the betrayal of a member of the underground city committee, Kucherenko, arrests of underground members begin.
Ilya Levitas, who has been studying the life of the underground for many years, says that thanks to Tanya Marcus, 33 fascists were killed, and she killed six personally. In addition, the girl took part in important sabotage at strategic sites - an explosion on the South-Western Railway, and the destruction of the post office. She performed tasks that were beyond the power of many men, and she was only 20 years old at the time!
Her last target was the traitor, Gestapo agent Mironovich. The underground had been hunting for him for a long time, but he was constantly under careful guard. The ranks of the underground group had thinned significantly at that time—Tanya’s friend Georges Levitsky and the leader of the sabotage group, Vladimir Kudryashov, had died—so Tanya was entrusted with the task. She succeeded - Mironovich invited the girl to visit, where she killed him with two shots to the head. The underground, led by the new group leader Alexander Falko (he replaced the executed Kudryashov), had the task of taking Tanya to a safe place. However, Falco, inexperienced in matters of conspiracy, went to his sister’s apartment on the way and left a note: “We sailed to Ostre.” This note somehow fell into the hands of the Gestapo. Therefore, they were already waiting for them on the river bank near the village of Letki...

Ilya Levitas communicated with the younger sister of the underground worker Lyusya, as well as a woman who was in the same cell with Markus at the German Gestapo. “I have been studying the events of the past war for many years, and I do not know the fate of another person who would have been tortured so much in the dungeons of the Gestapo,” says Ilya Mikhailovich. – For example, the well-known Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya to all of us was tortured for one night. They mocked Tanya, demanding that they hand over other underground fighters, for five months! Daily! The Nazis were especially furious when they found out that she was not Markusidze, but a Jew. Her cellmate said that Tanya lay unconscious on the concrete floor almost all the time. They will come and pour water on her: “Well, are you going to talk? Give me at least one and you will live.” Tanya was silent. Her hair and nails were torn out, her breasts were cut off... Tanya was detained on August 22, 1942, and shot on January 29, 1943. There was no living space left on her body... The body of the murdered underground woman was thrown in Babi Yar, and it is there that a monument to her is now erected.
“From 1956 to 2006, we constantly petitioned for Tanya Marcus to be awarded,” says Ilya Levitas. – Academicians Pyotr Tolochko and Pyotr Tronko helped us with this. Over these 50 years, we have submitted a petition 14 (!) times, first to award Tanya Marcus the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, then to award the title of Hero of Ukraine. As you can see, they appealed to both the Soviet authorities and the Ukrainian ones. In 2006, President Viktor Yushchenko finally heard us, who signed the corresponding decree on September 21, the day of the 85th anniversary of the birth of Tatyana Markus.” She still remains the only woman who was awarded this title for her participation in the Great Patriotic War...
Tanya's brother Abram Markusov fought bravely at the front.
From the award list of Abram Markusov:
“He showed heroism in battle. He was always in difficult places, from morning until late evening he fought among the fighters. Inspired them to fight against the enemy. By personal example, he led the fighters on the offensive and only died at the last moment, covering the retreat of the control cell.”
Senior political instructor Abram Markusov was nominated by the command for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
But at the presentation there was a dry resolution that explained nothing: “Order of the Red Banner”...
On September 21 of this year, Tatyana Marcus would have turned 90 years old. On this sunny, warm summer day, few came to the monument to the heroine. Among them were Ilya Levitas, director of the Babi Yar nature reserve Boris Glazunov, schoolchildren from specialized school No. 44 in the Goloseevsky district of Kyiv, the same school where Tatyana Markus once studied. And several journalists from Jewish publications.
Ilya Mikhailovich reminded the guys about Tanya’s feat. However, these schoolchildren know it well, because their school conducts special Memory lessons. But, alas, there were no other guys at the monument.
They laid flowers, stood for a while and went their separate ways...

The heroine of the Kyiv underground during the Great Patriotic War.

Tatyana Markus was born in the city of Romny, Poltava region, into a Jewish family. Several years later, the Marcus family moved to Kyiv. Tanya Marcus graduated from the 9th grade of school No. 44. Since 1938, she worked as secretary of the personnel department of the passenger service of the South-Western Railway. In the summer of 1940, she was sent to Chisinau, where she worked in the tram and trolleybus depot.

With the capture of Chisinau by the Romanians, she returned to Kyiv, where from the first days of the occupation of the city she began to actively participate in underground activities. She was a liaison officer for the underground city committee and a member of a sabotage and extermination group. She repeatedly participated in acts of sabotage against the Nazis, in particular, during the parade of the invaders, she threw a grenade, disguised in a bouquet of asters, at a marching column of soldiers. Using forged documents, she was registered in a private house under the name Markusidze: a legend was invented that she was the daughter of a Georgian prince who was shot by the Bolsheviks. Under this name she got a job in the officers' canteen. There she successfully continued her sabotage activities: she added poison to the food. Several officers died, but Tanya remained above suspicion. In addition, she shot a valuable Gestapo informant with her own hands, and also transmitted information about traitors working for the Gestapo to the underground. Many officers of the German army were attracted by her beauty and looked after her. A high-ranking official from Berlin, who arrived to fight the partisans and underground fighters, could not resist. He was shot and killed by Tanya Marcus in his apartment. During her activities, Tanya Marcus destroyed several dozen fascist soldiers and officers.

The hunt for her began. One day she shot a Nazi officer and left a note: All of you fascist bastards face the same fate. Tatyana Markusidze. The leadership of the underground ordered Tanya Marcus to be taken out of the city to the partisans. On August 22, 1942, she was captured by the Gestapo while trying to cross the Desna. For 5 months she was subjected to severe torture by the Gestapo, but she did not betray anyone. On January 29, 1943, she was shot.

Awards

Title Hero of Ukraine (09/21/2006 - for personal courage and heroic self-sacrifice, fortitude in the fight against fascist invaders in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, posthumously).

Medal "Partisan of the Great Patriotic War, 2nd degree" (posthumously).

Medal "For the Defense of Kyiv" (posthumously).

Ranks

partisan

Positions

liaison officer of the underground city committee of Kyiv and member of the sabotage and extermination group

Biography

Tatyana Markus was born in the city of Romny, Sumy region, into a Jewish family.

A few years later, the Markus family moved to Kyiv. Tanya Marcus graduated from the 9th grade of school No. 44. Since 1938, she worked as secretary of the personnel department of the passenger service of the South-Western Railway. In the summer of 1940, she was sent to Chisinau, where she worked in the tram and trolleybus depot.

With the capture of Chisinau by the Romanians, she returned to Kyiv, where from the first days of the occupation of the city she began to actively participate in underground activities. She was a liaison officer for the underground city committee and a member of a sabotage and extermination group. She repeatedly participated in acts of sabotage against the Nazis, in particular, during the parade of the invaders, she threw a grenade, disguised in a bouquet of asters, at a marching column of soldiers. Using forged documents, she was registered in a private house under the name Markusidze: a legend was invented that she was the daughter of a Georgian prince who was shot by the Bolsheviks. Under this name she got a job in the officers' canteen. There she successfully continued her sabotage activities: she added poison to the food. Several officers died, but Tanya remained above suspicion. In addition, she shot a valuable Gestapo informant with her own hands, and also transmitted information about traitors working for the Gestapo to the underground. Many officers of the German army were attracted by her beauty and looked after her. A high-ranking official from Berlin, who arrived to fight the partisans and underground fighters, could not resist. He was shot and killed by Tanya Marcus in his apartment. During her activities, Tanya Marcus destroyed several dozen German soldiers and officers.

The hunt for her began. One day she shot a Nazi officer and left a note: All of you fascist bastards will face the same fate. Tatyana Markusidze. The leadership of the underground decided to take Tanya Marcus out of the city to join the partisans, but were unable to do so. On August 22, 1942, she was captured by the Wehrmacht coast guard while trying to cross the Dnieper. For 5 months she was subjected to severe torture by the Gestapo, but she did not betray anyone. On January 29, 1943, Tanya Marcus was shot.

HER NAME IS IMMORTAL

HER NAME IS IMMORTAL (To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Tatyana Markus)

Tatyana Iosifovna Markus was born on September 21, 1921 in Romny, into a large and friendly Jewish family with six children.

In the 20s, the Markuses moved to Kyiv, where Tanya completed nine years of high school. Since 1938 he has worked as secretary of the personnel department of the passenger service at the South-Western Railway.

In July 1940, she was sent to Chisinau. There she works in the tram and trolleybus depot. After the capture of Moldova by the Romanians in July 1941, Tanya returned to Kyiv and from the first days of the occupation of the city actively participated in the underground struggle. Tanya’s father Joseph Marcus also remained in Kyiv. The rest of the family evacuated.

At first she was assigned to engage in propaganda activities. Raids continued in the city. They were looking for Jews. Tanya was registered in her own home by Natalya Grigorievna Dobrovolskaya.

The underground members came up with a legend for Tanya, according to which she is a Georgian, Princess Markusidze, the daughter of a prince shot by the Bolsheviks, and wants to work for the Wehrmacht.

Friends said about her: “God collected all the beauty and gave it to Tanya Marcus.”

On instructions from the underground, Tatyana manages to get a job in the officers' mess. More than one German officer had his eye on “Princess Markusidze.” HER NAME IS IMMORTAL

She serves the ranks, allows officers, especially Gestapo and SS, to look after her.

She does not refuse when she is invited to the opera... with the Brigadeführer himself, who arrived from Berlin to investigate the case of the Kyiv underground.

The young SD officer Paul even promised to take Tanya to Germany when he left.

And then four of her clients got poisoned, is it really her fault? Suspicion did not fall on Tanya.

Tanya was friendly with her fans, inviting them to places where underground fighters were already waiting for them.

Those invited were killed, weapons and uniforms were taken away - all these things were very necessary in underground work. Hauptsturmführer Erich, who decided to make Tanya his mistress, was destroyed along with his assistant by Tanya’s comrades in his apartment.

Tanya's father Joseph Marcus did not return from his next mission. On behalf of the leader of the underground group, Vladimir Kudryashov, he went around the villages and maintained contact with underground groups. At this time, due to the betrayal of a member of the underground city committee, Kucherenko, arrests of underground members begin.

Ilya Levitas, who has been studying the life of the underground for many years, says that thanks to Tanya Marcus, 33 fascists were killed, and she killed six personally. In addition, the girl took part in important sabotage at strategic sites - an explosion on the South-Western Railway, and the destruction of the post office. She performed tasks that were beyond the power of many men, and she was only 20 years old at the time!

Her last target was the traitor, Gestapo agent Mironovich. The underground had been hunting for him for a long time, but he was constantly under careful guard. The ranks of the underground group had thinned out significantly at that time—Tanya’s friend Georges Levitsky and the leader of the sabotage group, Vladimir Kudryashov, had died—so Tanya was entrusted with the task. She succeeded - Mironovich invited the girl to visit, where she killed him with two shots to the head. The underground, led by the new group leader Alexander Falko (he replaced the executed Kudryashov), had the task of taking Tanya to a safe place. However, Falco, inexperienced in matters of conspiracy, went to his sister’s apartment on the way and left a note: “We sailed to Ostre.” This note somehow fell into the hands of the Gestapo. Therefore, they were already waiting for them on the river bank near the village of Letki...

HER NAME IS IMMORTAL Ilya Levitas communicated with the underground woman’s younger sister Lyusya, as well as a woman who was in the same cell with Marcus at the German Gestapo. “I have been studying the events of the past war for many years, and I do not know the fate of another person who would have been tortured so much in the dungeons of the Gestapo,” says Ilya Mikhailovich. - For example, the well-known Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was tortured for one night. They mocked Tanya, demanding that they hand over other underground fighters, for five months! Daily! The Nazis were especially furious when they found out that she was not Markusidze, but a Jew. Her cellmate said that Tanya lay unconscious on the concrete floor almost all the time. They will come and pour water on her: “Well, are you going to talk? Give me at least one and you will live.” Tanya was silent. Her hair and nails were torn out, her breasts were cut off... Tanya was detained on August 22, 1942, and shot on January 29, 1943. There was no living space left on her body... The body of the murdered underground woman was thrown in Babi Yar, and it is there that a monument to her is now erected.

“From 1956 to 2006, we constantly petitioned for Tanya Marcus to be awarded,” says Ilya Levitas. - Academicians Pyotr Tolochko and Pyotr Tronko helped us with this. Over these 50 years, we have submitted a petition 14 (!) times, first to award Tanya Marcus the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, then to award the title of Hero of Ukraine. As you can see, they appealed to both the Soviet authorities and the Ukrainian ones. In 2006, President Viktor Yushchenko finally heard us, who signed the corresponding decree on September 21, the day of the 85th anniversary of the birth of Tatyana Markus.” She still remains the only woman who was awarded this title for her participation in the Great Patriotic War...

Tanya's brother Abram Markusov fought bravely at the front.

From the award list of Abram Markusov:

“He showed heroism in battle. He was always in difficult places, from morning until late evening he fought among the fighters. Inspired them to fight against the enemy. By personal example, he led the fighters on the offensive and only died at the last moment, covering the retreat of the control cell.”

Senior political instructor Abram Markusov was nominated by the command for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

But at the presentation there was a dry resolution that explained nothing: “Order of the Red Banner”...

On September 21, 2011, Tatyana Marcus would have turned 90 years old. On this sunny, warm summer day, few came to the monument to the heroine. Among them were Ilya Levitas, director of the Babi Yar nature reserve Boris Glazunov, schoolchildren from specialized school No. 44 in the Goloseevsky district of Kyiv, the same school where Tatyana Markus once studied. And several journalists from Jewish publications.

Ilya Mikhailovich reminded the guys about Tanya’s feat. However, these schoolchildren know it well, because their school conducts special Memory lessons. But, alas, there were no other guys at the monument.

They laid flowers, stood for a while and went their separate ways...