Central Museum of Musical Culture named after M. Glinka. Museum of Musical Culture. M.I. Glinka Museum of Musical Instruments named after Glinka on rtg

The museum was opened in 1912 at the Moscow Conservatory. The museum holds more than 900 rare musical instruments, personal archives of composers and performers, collections of photographs and documents, and a rich collection of paintings.In 1912, the Memorial Museum named after Nikolai Rubinstein, the conductor and founder of the Conservatory, was opened in the building of the Moscow Conservatory. Moscow homeowner and music lover Dmitry Belyaev gave money for its opening. Among the few exhibits were, for example, the desk of Pyotr Tchaikovsky, portraits of the composer Anton Rubinstein and patron Dmitry Belyaev, a collection of Central Asian instruments and an Italian lyre-guitar of 1656.

Funds were replenished gradually. So, Modest Tchaikovsky, the composer's brother, presented a plaster death mask of Pyotr Ilyich, and an admirer of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Belanovsky, sent the composer's penknife, which, however, was stolen in 1925. In the early 1930s, the museum was on the verge of closing. Then hard times came for the entire conservatory. But the museum was not closed, and in 1938 Ekaterina Alekseeva was appointed to the position of head. With her arrival, the museum began to gradually recover. In 1943, at the height of the war, he received the status of the state, and in the late 1940s, the name of Rubinstein finally disappeared from his name.

The Musical Museum went beyond the memorial room at the conservatory and became an independent institution. In 1954, in connection with the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Glinka, he was named after the great composer. In 1982, the museum moved to a new house built especially for it on Fadeev Street.The museum has been and is working to replenish its funds. Back in 1943, director Ekaterina Alekseeva entered into correspondence with Sergei Rachmaninov, who was then living in the United States. The composer responded to a request to send some of his personal belongings and musical recordings to the museum. Ekaterina Alekseeva traveled to the United States twice and from her second trip in 1970, together with Zaruhi Apetyan, a researcher of Rachmaninov's work, brought 20 boxes of exhibits for the museum.

In subsequent years, the museum received a lot of items related to world musical culture as a gift. For example, the ballerina Anna Pavlova's handwritten clavier (arranged score of a vocal and orchestral piece for piano) of a ballet or the Stradivarius violin bequeathed to David Oistrakh by Queen Elisabeth of Belgium.

The main exposition of the museum is called "Musical Instruments of the Peoples of the World". More than 900 exhibits are exhibited in five halls. The department of Russian instruments presents nine-stringed harps of the 13th century, found during excavations in Novgorod, balalaikas of the 19th century, old grand pianos from St. Curious are the Bashkir flute kurai, the Chuvash bagpipe shybr with a bag of bull bladder, the Karelian string instrument kantele, similar to the harp and mentioned in the Kalevala epic. The exposition of Central Asian instruments consists mainly of items from the collection of August Eichhorn, who served as bandmaster of Russian military bands in the Turkestan military district from 1870 to 1883.

In 2011 the Museum musical culture was renamed the All-Russian Museum Association of Musical Culture. M. I. Glinka. Now it has five more memorial museums: Museum-estate of F. I. Chaliapin on Novinsky Boulevard, Museum “P. I. Tchaikovsky and Moscow” on Kudrinskaya Square, the Apartment Museum of the composer and director of the Conservatory A. B. Goldenweiser, the S. S. Prokofiev Museum in Kamergersky Lane and the Museum-Apartment of the conductor and composer N. S. Golovanov in Bryusov Lane.

Reviews about the Museum of Musical Culture. M. I. Glinka

Ludmila Milkina 01/03/2017 at 18:39

I came to this museum by accident: I was walking down the street and saw a bus stop with that name. I think it means he is somewhere nearby, I found a museum - and did not regret it. I got to three exhibitions: "Sound and ... man, universe, game", musical instruments of different times and peoples and "Dances of buffoons" with drawings by B. Messerer. First I went to an interactive exhibit about sounds. It was very interesting for both children and adults. You could listen to different sounds, you could create different sounds, see how they affect nature and man, and much, much more, which we do not know, but which is very interesting to know. The exhibition of instruments from different peoples and times in general stunned me with the number and variety of these instruments, some instruments of such a peculiar form that it is not clear how they are played and what sounds they make. And here, unfortunately, I again encountered the disease of all our museums: the inscriptions near the exhibits are academically dry and do not explain anything about them: the name, date of manufacture, even the country where it comes from is not always indicated. There are, of course, banners with long boring texts that no one reads. People come to the museum to see! It would be very cool if at least near the most unusual instruments there were pictures (photos, drawings) by which one could understand how they are played, and if one also listened to their sound, it would be just fantastic. By the way, the black letters on the glass are practically invisible, so even those inscriptions that are there are not readable. The museum also hosts various concerts. I got a ticket for one of them. I hope to become a regular guest of this museum. About the exhibition of B. Messerer's drawings, judge by my photos.

Ludmila Milkina 01/03/2017 at 18:32

#museum of music #musicmuseum_ru

Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday: from 11.00 to 19.00. Thursday, Friday: from 12.00 to 21.00. Sunday: from 11.00 to 18.00.

Ticket price: Entrance ticket to the exhibition for children (under 16 years old) - 200 rubles, entrance ticket to the exhibition for adults - 400 rubles Free day for visiting the participants of the Olympiad - the first Tuesday of each month.

The Russian National Museum of Music is the largest treasury of musical culture monuments, which has no analogues in the world. A unique collection of musical and literary author's manuscripts, studies on the history of culture, rare books, musical editions are stored here. The funds of the Museum of Music include about a million exhibits. The branches contain autographs, letters, photographs and various documents related to the life and work of figures of Russian and foreign musical culture. A special place is occupied by the collection of musical instruments of the peoples of the world. The funds of the Museum of Music include the State Collection of Unique Musical Instruments: the largest collection of stringed instruments by masters from different countries and eras, including masterpieces by A. Stradivari, the Guarneri and Amati families. UNIQUE INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITION PROJECT “SOUND AND…”! The exhibition project “SOUND AND… Universe, Man, Game…” continues its work at the Museum of Music. What do we know about sound? How does it originate, what properties does it have, how does it affect a person? These and many other questions will be answered by the exhibition "Sound And ...", a cheerful, and at the same time philosophical, reflection on the essence of sound and its manifestations. Do you want something unusual? experiment with drum set from pots and ladles is offered at the Musical Kitchen. Have you long wanted to determine which timbre is closer to your voice, Fedor Chaliapin, Muslim Magomayev or Ivan Kozlovsky? Then you need to go to the exhibit “How do you like this timbre?” I wonder what happens behind the wall of the neighbors (perpetual repairs, working vacuum cleaners, family quarrels, playing the violin, etc.)? This can be done quite legally with the help of the exhibit “Oh, those neighbors!”. Have you heard about such a phenomenon in musical culture as beatboxing? You can learn the basics of this art by watching the video lessons of a professional beatboxer, and immediately apply the knowledge gained in practice. Do you dream of managing a real orchestra? There is nothing easier! Maestro Yuri Bashmet himself will give you a personal master class. With a wave of the conductor's baton, you will feel that the music is now in your power!

The Glinka Museum, or the Central Museum of Musical Culture, displays a huge collection of instruments from all eras and peoples, the number of exhibits of which is close to a thousand. From historical rarities to modern sound extraction devices can be seen in this extensive collection. The main building of the museum association was built specifically for this repository, which was based on exhibits collected by enthusiasts from the Moscow Conservatory since its foundation in 1866.

The lobby of the Glinka Museum greets visitors with a bust of the great composer, musical and text quotes from the author of the Patriotic Song, which for some time was the Russian anthem. The notes of this work are accompanied by an unofficial text, which, together with music, claimed the status of a state symbol back in tsarist times.

Here, visitors get acquainted with the announcements of events, leave their outerwear, purchase entrance tickets to the permanent exhibition or thematic exhibitions. The main permanent exhibition is located on the 2nd floor, temporary displays on various topics are organized on the 3rd floor.

The lobby houses one of the remarkable exhibits, the recent acquisition of the Glinka Museum - the European orchestra. This mechanical instrument recreates the sound of an instrumental orchestra, such devices have been used in a number of European countries as musical accompaniment to dance events.

Musical instruments, located on the front side of a kind of orchestra, emit their characteristic sounds, while accordions even demonstrate the movements of bellows. In Russia, such instruments were not distributed, the more interesting it is for our lovers of musical curiosities to get acquainted with the orchestra.

The second floor, which contains the main exposition of the Glinka Museum, begins with a spacious hall where various exhibitions dedicated to musical culture are held. The main decoration of the room is a picturesque colored stained-glass window, which is much larger in size from the outside of the building.

A massive staircase leads to the 3rd floor to visit the thematic temporary exhibitions. The composition of several bells recalls the role of church bells both in the life of the Russian people and in Glinka's musical tastes.

Also in the hall there is an organ made by the German master Ladegast, which was owned since 1868 by a descendant of the Khludov merchant family, the only surviving product of this master. Presented to the Moscow Conservatory and having changed several more owners, the instrument was practically ruined.

The difficult restoration of the insides of the organ was carried out in 1998 by Vilnius organ masters under the guidance of Guchas. Now this instrument is positioned as the oldest organ in Russia that has retained its efficiency, and it is actually used at organ concerts organized by the Glinka Museum.

The permanent exposition of the Glinka Museum, which tells about the history of origin and a wide variety of musical instruments of the peoples of the world, is located in five halls on the second floor. With different background colors of showcases, they are visually separated from each other. The division of the halls, representing the oldest known instruments, is made according to the geographical principle. A separate room is dedicated to European exhibits divided by countries, the rest of the continents are divided inside another room with expositions of individual countries highlighted.

Further halls represent instruments that differ in belonging to wind or symphony, percussion and keyboards. Selected mechanical and electronic musical instruments, devices for recording sound and playing it from various media.

Ancient European musical instruments

How correct this choice of the principle of demonstrating musical instruments is for professionals to understand, but the differences in the method of extracting sound seem to be more fundamental and obvious than national and state ones. After all, the shape of the pipe, no matter how great the differences, is still recognizable.

You can't confuse a drum or other percussion instruments with anything else. And finding out information about the place of origin of the exhibit, attributing it to a certain type of musical instruments and other details is still carried out by the majority of visitors according to explanatory inscriptions.

Russian folk musical instruments are collected in the Glinka Museum in a large assortment and species diversity. There are also instruments of other peoples inhabiting the national republics within the Russian Federation. Percussion instruments are widely represented - after all, they use the simplest, but most diverse method of extracting sounds, from simple collisions of objects, for which even wooden spoons are used, to rattles of various devices and designs.

Naturally, our ancestors had horns made of cow horns and pipes made of wood. Craftsmen could extract sounds even from a saw blade and a scythe blade, but this is more likely from the field of musical eccentricity. The main stringed instrument of the Russian people is the harp, used in Rus' since time immemorial. The balalaika also belongs to the plucked string instruments, with all the simplicity of the device, virtuosos perform any melodies on them. Finally, the Russian accordion is the main folk instrument for a long time

String instruments of different peoples are visually similar, but the progenitor of all stringed instruments, the Scythian harp, differs from other relatives. It does not yet have a resonating body and neck, and a common feature is the way to extract sounds by plucking the strings with your fingers.

Plucked stringed instruments developed from the ancient lyre and harp to the lute, domra, mandolin, balalaika and guitar, which has retained the greatest popularity to this day. Harpsichords, piano and piano are also related to plucked stringed percussion instruments on strings, for which they came up with keys with a drive system.

In the updated exposition, the European section is replenished with instruments of Belarusians and Ukrainians, Moldovans and the Baltic peoples. As before, the instruments of the Mediterranean and Scandinavian countries, Central and Eastern Europe are widely represented. String instruments are exhibited both plucked and bowed, with different forms of resonating body and bow arrangement. The simplest xylophones represent a group of percussion instruments.

Several modifications feature bagpipes, which are generally considered Scottish and Irish traditional instruments. This is true, but other nations also used a similar device with air fur and pipes with reed formation of sounds. These are the French Musette, the Portuguese Gaita, the Duda and the Dudeizac of the countries of Eastern Europe.

Musical instruments of Eastern countries

The countries of the East were the first to invent bows to extract sounds from stretched strings, historians consider the musicians who lived on the territory of present-day Uzbekistan to be the pioneers. From here the bows came to China and India, to the Arab countries and from them to the Pyrenees. A pastoral violin with three strings - a rabel, as well as a viola with a large number of strings. The latter were later supplanted by violins and their larger relatives. Oriental stringed instruments often feature longer necks, although there are also designs with short ones.

The wind and percussion instruments of the Eastern peoples are distinguished by a great variety. For brass, bamboo trunks and other hollow stems of plants were often used. Percussion instruments were also made from tree trunks, hollowing out the core. Dressed animal skins stretched over frames made of various materials were also used. In addition to stationary drums, hand drums such as tambourines, sometimes supplemented by bells, were popular.

The Japanese originality of national clothes is much more striking than the differences between Japanese musical instruments and all others. The percussion instruments of the Japanese were usually located on figured stands, different materials were used for the cases, even porcelain and other ceramics. Forms close to traditional for other peoples have stringed and wind instruments, and it is difficult to invent something excellent in these areas.

Eastern countries used to make musical instruments various materials, from stone, wood and metal to silk, leather and even hollowed out gourd shells. Local craftsmen paid special attention to the external design of their products, their decorative appeal.

Painting and carving, traditional for every nation, also adorned musical instruments, it is by these elements that it is easiest to identify xylophones, drums and other instruments from those belonging to the culture of other countries.

Ancient violin workshop in the Glinka Museum

Creation of violins and others bowed instruments has long been and is now a work of great complexity. The preparation of wood for various parts and parts of tools required the possession of many technological operations - cutting and drilling, measurements and various methods of joining parts. The tools and devices necessary for these works are presented on the workbench of the violin maker in the recreated interior of the workshop for the manufacture of musical instruments.

Violin makers could make a product of any size, from violin and viola to cello and giant double bass. The violin could also be both classical sizes and half or even four times smaller.

In the restored room at the Glinka Museum, you can see all the stages of making instruments, from a wooden board to a finished violin or cello. You can consider all the components - the front and back deck and the shell connecting them, the neck with the neck and the jumper for laying the strings.

Classical musical instruments of the Glinka Museum

The instruments used by contemporary musicians are presented to the visitors of the Glinka Museum in several expositions. The components of symphony and brass bands, accessories of musical ensembles of various composition are exhibited. Strings - bowed and keyboards coexist with wind, wood and brass.

One of the museum corners contains genuine treasures - a concert harp and a collectible piano for home use. The perfectly balanced harp is stable on its small base, the precious wood resonator is in harmony with the gilding of the column and neck, the shape of which is especially whimsical and attractive.

Showcases of bowed instruments are located on the sides of the painting depicting the greatest master of the Genoese violin player Niccolò Paganini. It was this violinist and composer who developed the technique of playing the violin, which has remained almost unchanged to this day.

In addition to the violin, Paganini also impeccably owned the mandolin and guitar. The great performer's own compositions, written both for violin and guitar, are popular. The world's most popular violin competition is held annually in Paganini's homeland, Genoa, Italy.

The showcase of classical wind instruments shows them in order of increasing size, with the varieties of wood instruments on display first, followed by brass ones. Such a division has been preserved since ancient times and now does not correspond to reality - the flutes, clarinets, oboes and bassoons included in the group of wooden flutes can be made not only from wood. They can be plastic and metal, flutes - even glass. Attributed by musicologists to the wooden one according to the principle of operation, the saxophone, which had no ancient analogues, was always made of metal.

On the other hand, copper tools were made only from this metal only at the dawn of the development of metallurgy, now copper alloys or silver are used. Group copper tools includes trumpet, horn, trombone and tuba. The tools of this series are of increasing size and complexity of the device. The trombone stands somewhat apart, having a movable rocker for a smooth change in pitch.

Almost all wind instruments are included, in addition to brass bands, in symphony orchestras and ensembles. Dixielands and jazz groups also use them.

The combination of stretched strings and percussion mechanisms controlled by the keyboard is typical for concert musical instruments, which include pianos, grand pianos and pianos. Some experts consider the grand piano and piano as varieties of the piano, which differ in the horizontal or vertical arrangement of the strings.

Since the middle of the last century, only grand pianos and upright pianos have been produced, traditional pianos with smaller expressive possibilities because of the smaller length of the strings, gone down in history. Grand pianos are mainly used in concert activities as a vocal accompaniment instrument or independently, pianos - for home or chamber music.

Demonstrated in the Glinka Museum and the predecessors of the current keyboard instruments, both string and reed. Strings include percussion clavichord and plucked harpsichord, and reed harmoniums are related to harmonicas, button accordions and accordions. The first instrument with air bellows was the table harmonica of Kirchner, a Czech who worked in Russia. Unlike it and the hand instruments we are accustomed to, the bellows at the harmonium were driven by foot pedals.

From barrel organ to synthesizer

The last hall of the Glinka Museum presents several instruments that are not part of ensembles and orchestras, ancient means of reproducing recorded sounds. Here are unique exhibits, quite rare in the collections of museums and individuals. Among them stands out the hurdy-gurdy, about which many have heard, but not all visitors have seen.

The tool according to the device is a small organ, air injection and the operation of the sound mechanism are provided by rotating the handle on the body. Barrel-organs were used by wandering musicians, their sounds accompanied the performances of farce circus artists.

The creation of the first sound recording and reproducing devices has a specific pioneer, he was the famous inventor Edison. The phonograph he designed in 1877 ensured the recording and reproduction of sounds with a sharp needle on a roller wrapped in tin foil or waxed paper.

Recording on a flat round plate was invented by Berliner; sound was reproduced by devices with an external horn - a gramophone. Devices with a horn hidden in the case were produced by Pate, hence the name of the gramophone. Further progress in sound recording was rapid: magnetic tapes, laser discs, high quality digital sound recordings.

A rare photoelectronic sound synthesizer ANS, named after the initials of the great composer Scriabin, was invented by Russian Murzin in the late 30s of the last century, and was made only in 1963. The unusual sounds of this device can be remembered by the audience of science fiction films by Tarkovsky and Gaidai's Diamond Hand.

The music on it was created by the composer without writing notes and involving the orchestra. Synthesizers also developed rapidly, with the invention of transistors, they became compact and affordable. Now synthesizers have everything musical groups a wide variety of genres.

Another notable exhibit of the Glinka Museum was the giant drum kit of the musician and composer, tireless experimenter R. Shafi. Manual control of such a complex complex of drums and drums is clearly impossible,

Shafi invented a unique control pedal Serpent Gorynych, which, due to the number of serviced instruments, got into the Guinness Book. There are other interesting exhibits in this section, including personal instruments of famous musicians.

A visit to the Glinka Museum may seem optional after a story about him, but such an impression is extremely erroneous. There are many interesting things here that are difficult to describe in a cursory review, there are new interesting forms of working with visitors. Visiting here is informative and interesting for people with any level of interest and understanding of music, after visiting this interest will definitely increase.

The Glinka Museum of Musical Culture is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year. Regarding the dating of its creation, there are, of course, disagreements among specialists: can the museum be considered the successor of the museum of N.G. Rubinstein at the Moscow Conservatory, or was it actually created in Soviet times? But musicians, music lovers and just visitors are pleased with the mere fact of the existence of a museum of musical culture.
The museum is classified as a particularly valuable object cultural heritage Peoples of the Russian Federation, in its funds - about a million items, as part of the museum - several buildings in Moscow, concert and exhibition halls. The museum has recently included the State Collection of Musical Instruments.
And now - not about the anniversary. Tomorrow the museum will be closed to visitors - the website states that for technical reasons. In fact, it is simply rented out for a corporate amateur concert of a private school of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Concerts in the music museum, including children's concerts, are not an exception, but its usual activities, and visitors always have the opportunity to get acquainted with the exposition at a time when a concert is taking place in the hall. Why it was necessary to close the museum for the whole day for the concert of the children's studio, one can only guess.

Closing, in all likelihood, is expected in the near future and another building under the jurisdiction of the Glinka Museum - the house on Kudrinskaya Square No. 46, where P.I. Tchaikovsky, and where the museum that bears his name is now located. The building is planned to be transferred to the center of cultural and historical heritage of Rostropovich and Vishnevskaya. The musical community is perplexed - Rostropovich, of course, is a great cellist, but why evict Pyotr Ilyich or reduce him to the position of a lodger in the center of Rostropovich? Musicians collect signatures of the waters by an open appeal to Olga Rostropovich with a request to find another place for her fund. http://www.onlinepetition.ru/Tchaikovsky/petition.html
And many more questions are raised by the activities of the current director of the museum, M.A. Bryzgalov, a trumpeter by education and former minister of culture of the Saratov region. In Saratov, Mikhail Arkadievich did not show anything special in the creative field, but he showed himself to be an energetic leader, tirelessly reorganizing the sphere entrusted to him. That's just the Saratov Philharmonic for some reason burned down. It is difficult to understand what motives were guided in 2008. federal agency for culture, entrusting this honored figure with the most valuable funds of the museum and the treasures of the State Collection of Musical Instruments, which became part of the museum in last years. Apparently, based on the successful experience of Mr. Bryzgalov's being at the head of Saratov culture, Mr. Shvydkoy was absolutely sure that the works of Amati, Stradivari, Guarneri and other priceless treasures of world and domestic musical culture would fall into the reliable hands of a trusted person.
http://redcollegia.ru/7871.html
http://www.old.rsar.ru/articles/480.html
At present, the museum's scientific-educational and exposition departments have been liquidated, leading employees - art historians with conservatory education and academic degrees - have been fired. The permanent exhibition dedicated to the history of Russian music has been dismantled. The site posted an ad - we need employees. Education not lower than secondary, citizenship of the Russian Federation. http://www.glinka.museum/about/vacancies/php
Is the museum a pipe?