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Wonderful cute tales of Leo Tolstoy make an indelible impression on children. Little readers and listeners make unusual discoveries about wildlife, which are given to them in a fabulous form. At the same time, they are interesting to read and easy to understand. For a better perception, some previously written author's fairy tales were later released in processing.

Who is Leo Tolstoy?

He was a famous writer of his time and remains so today. He had an excellent education foreign languages was fond of classical music. He traveled a lot in Europe, served in the Caucasus.

His books have always been published large circulations. Great novels and short stories, short stories and fables - the list of publications amazes with the richness of the author's literary talent. He wrote about love, war, heroism and patriotism. Personally participated in military battles. I saw a lot of grief and complete self-denial of soldiers and officers. He often spoke with bitterness not only of the material, but also of the spiritual poverty of the peasantry. And quite unexpected against the background of his epic and social works were wonderful creations for children.

Why did you start writing for children?

Count Tolstoy did a lot of charity work. On his estate, he opened a school for peasants free of charge. The desire to write for children arose when the first few poor children came to study. To open them the world, to teach in simple language what is now called natural history, Tolstoy began to write fairy tales.

Why is a writer loved these days?

It turned out so well that even now, children of a completely different generation, are happy to perceive the works of the count of the 19th century, learn love and kindness for the world around them and animals. As in all literature, Leo Tolstoy was also talented in fairy tales, and loved by his readers.

Leo Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 in the Tula province (Russia) into a family belonging to the noble class. In the 1860s, he wrote his first major novel, War and Peace. In 1873 Tolstoy began work on the second of his most famous books, Anna Karenina.

He continued to write fiction throughout the 1880s and 1890s. One of his most successful later works is The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Tolstoy died on November 20, 1910 in Astapovo, Russia.

First years of life

September 9, 1828, in Yasnaya Polyana(Tula province, Russia) the future writer Leo Tolstoy was born. He was the fourth child in a large noble family. In 1830, when Tolstoy's mother, nee Princess Volkonskaya, died, the father's cousin took over the care of the children. Their father, Count Nikolai Tolstoy, died seven years later, and their aunt was appointed guardian. After the death of his aunt, Leo Tolstoy, his brothers and sisters moved to the second aunt in Kazan. Although Tolstoy experienced many losses at an early age, he later idealized his childhood memories in his work.

It is important to note that the primary education in Tolstoy's biography was received at home, lessons were given to him by French and German teachers. In 1843 he entered the Faculty of Oriental Languages ​​at the Imperial Kazan University. Tolstoy failed to excel in his studies - low grades forced him to move to an easier law faculty. Further academic difficulties led Tolstoy to eventually leave the Imperial Kazan University in 1847 without a degree. He returned to his parents' estate, where he planned to take up farming. However, this undertaking of his ended in failure - he was absent too often, leaving for Tula and Moscow. What he really excelled at was keeping his own diary - it was this lifelong habit that inspired Leo Tolstoy for most of his writings.

Tolstoy was fond of music, his favorite composers were Schumann, Bach, Chopin, Mozart, Mendelssohn. Lev Nikolaevich could play their works for several hours a day.

One day, Tolstoy's older brother, Nikolai, came to visit Leo during his army leave, and convinced his brother to join the army as a cadet in the south, in the Caucasus mountains, where he served. After serving as a cadet, Leo Tolstoy was transferred to Sevastopol in November 1854, where he fought in the Crimean War until August 1855.

Early publications

During his Junker years in the army, Tolstoy had a lot of free time. During quiet periods, he worked on an autobiographical story called The Childhood. In it, he wrote about his favorite childhood memories. In 1852 Tolstoy submitted the story to Sovremennik, the most popular magazine of the day. The story was gladly received, and it became Tolstoy's first publication. Since that time, critics have put him on a par with already famous writers, among whom were Ivan Turgenev (with whom Tolstoy became friends), Ivan Goncharov, Alexander Ostrovsky and others.

After completing the story "Childhood", Tolstoy began to write about his daily life in an army outpost in the Caucasus. The work "Cossacks" begun in the army years, he finished only in 1862, after he had already left the army.

Surprisingly, Tolstoy managed to continue writing during active battles in the Crimean War. During this time he wrote Boyhood (1854), a sequel to Childhood, the second book in autobiographical trilogy Tolstoy. At the height of the Crimean War, Tolstoy expressed his opinion about the striking contradictions of the war through the trilogy of works "Sevastopol Tales". In the second book Sevastopol stories”, Tolstoy experimented with a relatively new technique: part of the story is presented as a narration from the point of view of a soldier.

After the end of the Crimean War, Tolstoy left the army and returned to Russia. Arriving home, the author enjoyed great popularity on the literary scene of St. Petersburg.

Stubborn and arrogant, Tolstoy refused to belong to any particular philosophical school. Declaring himself an anarchist, he left for Paris in 1857. Once there, he lost all his money and was forced to return home to Russia. He also succeeded in publishing Youth, the third part of an autobiographical trilogy, in 1857.

Returning to Russia in 1862, Tolstoy published the first of 12 issues of the thematic magazine Yasnaya Polyana. In the same year, he married the daughter of a doctor named Sofya Andreevna Bers.

Major novels

Living in Yasnaya Polyana with his wife and children, Tolstoy spent most of the 1860s working on his first famous novel"War and Peace". Part of the novel was first published in Russkiy Vestnik in 1865 under the title "1805". By 1868 he had produced three more chapters. A year later, the novel was completely finished. Both critics and the public have debated the historical validity of the novel's Napoleonic Wars, coupled with the development of the stories of its thoughtful and realistic yet fictional characters. The novel is also unique in that it includes three long satirical essays on the laws of history. Among the ideas that Tolstoy is also trying to convey in this novel is the conviction that the position of a person in society and the meaning human life are basically derivatives of his daily activities.

After the success of War and Peace in 1873, Tolstoy began work on the second of his most famous books, Anna Karenina. It was partly based on real events during the war between Russia and Turkey. Like "War and Peace", this book describes some biographical events from the life of Tolstoy himself, this is especially noticeable in romantic relationship between the characters of Kitty and Levin, which is said to be reminiscent of Tolstoy's courtship of his own wife.

The opening lines of Anna Karenina are among the most famous: "All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." Anna Karenina was published in installments from 1873 to 1877, and was highly acclaimed by the public. The fees received for the novel rapidly enriched the writer.

Conversion

Despite the success of Anna Karenina, after the completion of the novel, Tolstoy experienced a spiritual crisis and was depressed. The next stage of the biography of Leo Tolstoy is characterized by a search for the meaning of life. The writer first turned to the Russian Orthodox Church, but did not find answers to his questions there. He concluded that the Christian churches were corrupt and, instead of an organized religion, promoted their own beliefs. He decided to express these convictions by founding a new publication in 1883 called The Mediator.
As a result, for his non-standard and contradictory spiritual beliefs, Tolstoy was excommunicated from the Russian Orthodox Church. He was even watched by the secret police. When Tolstoy, driven by his new conviction, wanted to give away all his money and give up everything superfluous, his wife was categorically against it. Not wanting to escalate the situation, Tolstoy reluctantly agreed to a compromise: he transferred to his wife the copyright and, apparently, all deductions for his work until 1881.

Late fiction

In addition to his religious treatises, Tolstoy continued to write fiction throughout the 1880s and 1890s. Among the genres of his later works were moral stories and realistic fiction. One of the most successful of his later works was the story The Death of Ivan Ilyich, written in 1886. Main character struggles to fight death hanging over him. In short, Ivan Ilyich is horrified at the realization that he wasted his life on trifles, but the realization of this comes to him too late.

In 1898 Tolstoy wrote the novel "Father Sergius", piece of art in which he criticizes the beliefs he developed after his spiritual transformation. The following year, he wrote his third voluminous novel, Resurrection. The work received good reviews, but this success is unlikely to match the level of recognition of his previous novels. Tolstoy's other late works are essays on art, a satirical play called The Living Corpse, written in 1890, and a story called Hadji Murad (1904), which was discovered and published after his death. In 1903, Tolstoy wrote a short story "After the Ball", which was first published after his death, in 1911.

Old age

During his later years, Tolstoy reaped the benefits of international recognition. However, he still struggled to reconcile his spiritual beliefs with the tensions he created in his family life. His wife not only disagreed with his teachings, she did not approve of his students, who regularly visited Tolstoy in the family estate. In an effort to avoid the growing discontent of his wife, in October 1910 Tolstoy and his youngest daughter Alexandra went on a pilgrimage. Alexandra was a doctor for her elderly father during the trip. Trying not to flaunt your privacy, they traveled incognito, hoping to evade unnecessary inquiries, but sometimes this was to no avail.

Death and legacy

Unfortunately, the pilgrimage proved too burdensome for the aging writer. In November 1910, the head of the small Astapovo railway station opened the doors of his house for Tolstoy so that the ailing writer could rest. Shortly thereafter, on November 20, 1910, Tolstoy died. He was buried in the family estate, Yasnaya Polyana, where Tolstoy lost so many people close to him.

To this day, Tolstoy's novels are considered among the best literary art. War and Peace is often cited as the greatest novel ever written. In the modern scientific community, Tolstoy is widely recognized as having a gift for describing the unconscious motives of character, the refinement of which he advocated by emphasizing the role of everyday actions in determining the character and goals of people.

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This is a large-scale work that tells about the life of the Russian noble society in the years Patriotic War, includes many storylines. Here you can also find love stories, and battle scenes, and morally difficult situations, and several human types of that time. The work is very multifaceted, it contains several ideas characteristic of Tolstoy, and all of them are written out with amazing accuracy.

It is known that the work on the work lasted about 6 years, and its initial volume was not 4, but 6 volumes. Leo Tolstoy used a huge number of sources to make the events look authentic. He read the works of Russian and French historians, private for the period from 1805 to 1812. However, Tolstoy himself treated his work with a certain degree of skepticism. So, he wrote in his diary: "People love me for those trifles -" War and Peace ", etc., which seem very important to them."

The researchers counted 559 heroes in the novel "War and Peace".

"Anna Karenina" - a tragic love story

Not everyone has read this famous novel, but everyone knows its tragic ending. The name of Anna Karenina has already become a household name in conversations about unhappy love. Meanwhile, Tolstoy shows in the novel not so much the tragedy of events, as, for example, in Shakespeare, but psychological tragedy. This novel is dedicated not to pure and sublime love, which does not give a damn about all conventions, but to the breaking psyche of a secular woman who suddenly finds herself abandoned by everyone because of an “indecent” connection.

Tolstoy's work is popular because it is relevant at any time. Instead of earlier writers' discussions of ecstatic and bright feelings, it shows the underside of blinding love and the consequences of relationships that are dictated by passion, not reason.

One of the characters in Anna Karenina, Konstantin Levin, is an autobiographical character. Tolstoy put his thoughts and ideas into his mouth.

"Childhood. Adolescence. Youth "- an autobiographical trilogy

Three stories, united by one hero, are partly based on the memoirs of Tolstoy himself. These works are a kind of diary of a growing boy. Despite a good upbringing and care from the elders, the hero is faced with problems that are typical for his age.

As a child, he experiences his first love, prepares for confession with fear, and for the first time encounters injustice. The teenage hero, growing up, learns what betrayal is, and also finds new friends and experiences breaking old stereotypes. In the story "Youth" the hero is faced with social problems, acquires his first mature judgments, enters the university and thinks about his future fate.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is the author of works not only for adults, but also for children. Young readers like stories, there were fables, fairy tales of the famous prose writer. Tolstoy's works for children teach love, kindness, courage, justice, resourcefulness.

Fairy tales for little ones

These books can be read to children by their parents. A child of 3-5 years old will be interested to get acquainted with the heroes of fairy tales. When the kids learn how to put letters together, they will be able to read and study Tolstoy's works for children on their own.

The fairy tale "Three Bears" tells about the girl Masha, who got lost in the forest. She came across the house and entered it. The table was set, on it stood 3 bowls of different sizes. Masha tasted the stew, first from two large ones, and then ate all the soup, which was poured into a small plate. Then she sat on a chair and slept on the bed, which, like the chair and plate, belonged to Mishutka. When he returned home with his bear parents and saw all this, he wanted to catch the girl, but she jumped out the window and ran away.

Kids will also be interested in other works of Tolstoy for children, written in the form of fairy tales.

Stories-were

It is useful for older children to read Tolstoy's works for children, written in the format of short stories, for example, about a boy who really wanted to study, but his mother would not let him go.

The story "Philippok" begins with this. But the boy Philip somehow still went to school without asking, when he stayed at home alone with his grandmother. Entering the classroom, he was frightened at first, but then pulled himself together and answered the teacher's questions. The teacher promised the child that he would ask his mother to let Filippka go to school. That's how the boy wanted to learn. After all, learning something new is so interesting!

Another small and good person wrote Tolstoy. The works for children that Lev Nikolaevich composed include the story "Foundling". From it we learn about the girl Masha, who found a baby on the threshold of her house. The girl was kind, gave the foundling milk to drink. Her mother wanted to give the baby to the boss, since their family was poor, but Masha said that the foundling eats little, and she herself will take care of him. The girl kept her word, she swaddled, fed, put the baby to bed.

The following story, like the previous one, is based on real events. It's called "The Cow". The work tells about the widow Marya, her six children and a cow.

Tolstoy, works for children, created in an instructive form

After reading the story “Stone”, you are once again convinced that you should not, that is, harbor anger at someone for a long time. It's a destructive feeling.

In the story, one poor man wore a stone in his bosom in the literal sense of the word. Once upon a time, a rich man, instead of helping, threw this stone at the poor. When the life of the rich man changed drastically, he was taken to prison, the poor wanted to throw a stone at him, which he had saved, but the anger had long since passed, and it was replaced by pity.

You experience the same feeling when reading the story "Poplar". The story is told in the first person. The author, together with his assistants, wanted to cut down young poplars. They were offshoots of an old tree. The man thought that by doing this he would make his life easier, but everything turned out differently. The poplar dried up and therefore gave life to new trees. The old tree died, and the workers destroyed the new shoots.

fables

Not everyone knows that the works of Leo Tolstoy for children are not only fairy tales, stories, but also fables that are written in prose.

For example, The Ant and the Dove. After reading this fable, the children will conclude that good deeds entail good responses.

The ant fell into the water and began to sink, the dove threw a twig to it, along which the poor fellow could get out. Once a hunter set a net on a dove, he wanted to close the trap, but then an ant came to the aid of the bird. He bit the hunter on the leg, he groaned. At this time, the dove got out of the net and flew away.

Other instructive fables invented by Leo Tolstoy also deserve attention. Works for children written in this genre are:

• "Turtle and Eagle";
• "The head and tail of a snake";
• "Lion and Mouse";
• "Donkey and horse";
• "Lion, bear and fox";
• "The Frog and the Lion";
• "The ox and the old woman".

"Childhood"

Junior and middle students school age we can advise you to read the first part of the trilogy of L. N. Tolstoy "Childhood", "Boyhood", "Youth". It will be useful for them to learn how their peers, the children of wealthy parents, lived in the 19th century.

The story begins with an acquaintance with Nikolenka Artenyev, who is 10 years old. The boy was instilled with good manners from childhood. And now, waking up, he washed, dressed, and the teacher Karl Ivanovich took him and his younger brother to greet their mother. She poured tea in the living room, then the family had breakfast.

This is how Leo Tolstoy described the morning scene. Works for children teach young readers goodness, love, like this story. The author describes what feelings Nikolenka had for his parents - pure and sincere love. This story will be useful to young readers. In high school, they will study the continuation of the book - "Boyhood" and "Youth".

Tolstoy's works: list

Short stories are read very quickly. Here is the name of some of them, which Lev Nikolaevich wrote for children:

• "Eskimos";
• "Two comrades";
• "Bulka and the wolf";
• "How trees walk";
• "Girls are smarter than old men";
• "Apple trees";
• "Magnet";
• "Lozina";
• "Two merchants";
• "Bone".

• "Candle";
• "Bad air";
• "Bad air";
• "Hares";
• "Deer".

Stories about animals

Tolstoy has very touching stories. We learn about the brave boy from the following story, which is called "Kitten". One family had a cat. For a while, she suddenly disappeared. When the children - brother and sister, found her, they saw that the cat had given birth to kittens. The guys took one for themselves, began to look after the little creature - feed, water.

Once they went for a walk and took the pet with them. But soon the children forgot about him. They remembered only when trouble threatened the baby - hunting dogs rushed at him with barking. The girl was frightened and ran away, and the boy rushed to protect the kitten. He covered him with his body and thus saved him from the dogs, who were then recalled by the hunter.

In the story "Elephant" we learn about a giant animal that lives in India. The owner mistreated him - almost did not feed him and forced him to work hard. Once the animal could not stand such treatment and crushed the man, stepping on him with his foot. Instead of the previous one, the elephant chose the boy - his son - as the owner.

Here are some instructive and interesting stories written by the classic. These are the best works of Leo Tolstoy for children. They will help to instill in children many useful and important qualities, they will teach them to see and understand the world around them better.

Biography of Leo Tolstoy

1828, August 28 (September 9) - Birth Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy in the estate of Yasnaya Polyana, Krapivensky district, Tula province.

1830 - death of Tolstoy's mother Maria Nikolaevna (née Volkonskaya).

1837 - The Tolstoy family moved from Yasnaya Polyana to Moscow. Death of Tolstoy's father, Nikolai Ilyich.

1840 - First literary work Tolstoy- congratulatory poems by T.A. Ergolskaya: "Dear aunt."

1841 - Death in the Optina Hermitage of the guardian of the children of Tolstoy A.I. Osten-Saken. The fat ones move from Moscow to Kazan, to a new guardian - P.I. Yushkova.

1844 — Tolstoy admitted to the Kazan University at the Oriental Faculty in the category of Arabic-Turkish literature, passing exams in mathematics, Russian literature, French, German, English, Arabic, Turkish and Tatar languages.

1845 — Tolstoy moves to law school.

1847 — Tolstoy leaves the university and leaves Kazan for Yasnaya Polyana.

1848, October - 1849, January - lives in Moscow, "very carelessly, without service, without work, without purpose."

1849 - Examinations for the degree of candidate at St. Petersburg University. (Discontinued after successful completion of two subjects). Tolstoy starts keeping a diary.

1850 - The idea of ​​\u200b\u200b"Tales from the Gypsy Life".

1851 - The story "The History of Yesterday" was written. The story "Childhood" was begun (finished in July 1852). Departure for the Caucasus.

1852 - Examination for the rank of cadet, order for admission to military service fireworks 4th class. Wrote the story "Raid". Issue 9 of Sovremennik published Childhood, the first published work Tolstoy. The "Novel of the Russian Landowner" was begun (the work continued until 1856, remaining unfinished. A fragment of the novel, slated for printing, was published in 1856 under the title "Morning of the Landowner").

1853 - Participation in the campaign against the Chechens. Start of work on "Cossacks" (completed in 1862). The story "Notes of the Marker" was written.

1854 - Tolstoy was promoted to ensign. Departure from the Caucasus. Report on transfer to the Crimean army. The project of the magazine "Soldier's Bulletin" ("Military List"). The stories "Uncle Zhdanov and Chevalier Chernov" and "How Russian Soldiers Die" were written for a soldier's magazine. Arrival to Sevastopol.

1855 - Work began on "Youth" (finished in September 1856). The stories "Sevastopol in December", "Sevastopol in May" and "Sevastopol in August 1855" were written. Arrival to Petersburg. Acquaintance with Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharov, Fet, Tyutchev, Chernyshevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ostrovsky and other writers.

1856 - The stories "Snowstorm", "Degraded", the story "Two Hussars" were written. Tolstoy promoted to lieutenant. Resignation. In Yasnaya Polyana, an attempt to free the peasants from serfdom. The story "The Departing Field" was begun (the work continued until 1865, remaining unfinished). The Sovremennik magazine published an article by Chernyshevsky on Tolstoy's "Childhood" and "Adolescence" and "Military Stories".

1857 - The story "Albert" began (finished in March 1858). The first trip abroad in France, Switzerland, Germany. The story of Lucerne.

1858 - The story "Three Deaths" is written.

1859 - Work on the story "Family Happiness".

1859 - 1862 - Classes at the Yasnaya Polyana school with peasant children ("charming, poetic tree"). Tolstoy expounded his pedagogical ideas in the articles of the journal Yasnaya Polyana, created by him in 1862.

1860 - Work on stories from peasant life - "Idyll", "Tikhon and Malanya" (remained unfinished).

1860 - 1861 - The second trip abroad - through Germany, Switzerland, France, England, Belgium. Acquaintance with Herzen in London. Listening to lectures on the history of art at the Sorbonne. Presence at the death penalty in Paris. The beginning of the novel "Decembrists" (remained unfinished) and the story "Polikushka" (finished in December 1862). Quarrel with Turgenev.

1860 - 1863 - Work on the story "Strider" (completed in 1885).

1861 - 1862 - Activity Tolstoy mediator of the 4th section of the Krapivensky district. Publication of the pedagogical journal "Yasnaya Polyana".

1862 - Gendarmerie search in YaP. Marriage to Sofya Andreevna Bers, daughter of a court doctor.

1863 - Work began on War and Peace (finished in 1869).

1864 - 1865 - The first Collected Works of L.N. Tolstoy in two volumes (from F. Stellovsky, St. Petersburg).

1865 - 1866 - The first two parts of the future "War and Peace" under the title "1805" were printed in the Russky Vestnik.

1866 - Acquaintance with the artist M.S. Bashilov, who Tolstoy entrusts the illustration of "War and Peace".

1867 - A trip to Borodino in connection with work on "War and Peace".

1867 - 1869 - The publication of two separate editions of War and Peace.

1868 - An article was published in the journal "Russian Archive" Tolstoy“A few words about the book “War and Peace”.

1870 - The concept of "Anna Karenina".

1870 - 1872 - Work on a novel about the time of Peter I (remained unfinished).

1871 - 1872 - Edition of the "ABC".

1873 - The novel "Anna Karenina" was started (completed in 1877). Letter to Moskovskie Vedomosti about the Samara famine. I.N. Kramskoy paints a portrait in Yasnaya Polyana Tolstoy.

1874 - Pedagogical activity, article "On Public Education", compilation of the "New ABC" and "Russian Books for Reading" (came out in 1875).

1875 - The beginning of the printing of "Anna Karenina" in the journal "Russian Messenger". The French magazine Le temps published a translation of the story The Two Hussars with a foreword by Turgenev. Turgenev wrote that after the release of "War and Peace" Tolstoy"resolutely takes first place in the favor of the public."

1876 ​​- Acquaintance with P.I. Tchaikovsky.

1877 - A separate edition of the last, 8th part of "Anna Karenina" - due to disagreements that arose with the publisher of "Russian Messenger" M.N. Katkov on the question of the Serbian war.

1878 - Separate edition of the novel "Anna Karenina".

1878 - 1879 - Work on historical novel about the time of Nicholas I and the Decembrists

1878 - Acquaintance with the Decembrists P.N. Svistunov, M.I. Muravyov Apostol, A.P. Belyaev. Written "First Memories".

1879 — Tolstoy collects historical materials and tries to write a novel from the era of the late XVII - early XIX century. Visited Tolstoy N.I. Strakhov found him in a "new phase" - anti-state and anti-church. In Yasnaya Polyana, the guest storyteller V.P. Dapper. Tolstoy writes down folk legends from his words.

1879 - 1880 - Work on "Confession" and "Study in dogmatic theology." Acquaintance with V.M. Garshin and I.E. Repin.

1881 - The story "What makes people alive" is written. Letter to Alexander III admonishing not to execute the revolutionaries who killed Alexander II. Relocation of the Tolstoy family to Moscow.

1882 - Participation in the three-day Moscow census. The article "So what should we do?" (finished in 1886). Buying a house in Dolgo-Khamovnichesky Lane in Moscow (now the House-Museum of L.N. Tolstoy). The story "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" was begun (completed in 1886).

1883 - Acquaintance with V.G. Chertkov.

1883 - 1884 - Tolstoy writes a treatise "What is my faith?".

1884 - Portrait Tolstoy works by N.N. Ge. "Notes of a Madman" started (remained unfinished). The first attempt to leave Yasnaya Polyana. The publishing house of books for popular reading - "Mediator" was founded.

1885 - 1886 - For the "Intermediary" written folk stories: “Two brothers and gold”, “Ilyas”, “Where there is love, there is God”, If you miss the fire, you won’t put it out”, “Candle”, “Two old men”, “The Tale of Ivan the Fool”, “Is there a lot of land for a man need", etc.

1886 - Acquaintance with V.G. Korolnko. A drama for the folk theater - "The Power of Darkness" (prohibited for staging) has begun. The comedy "The Fruits of Enlightenment" was started (finished in 1890).

1887 - Acquaintance with N.S. Leskov. The Kreutzer Sonata was begun (finished in 1889).

1888 - The story "False Coupon" was started (work was stopped in 1904).

1889 - Work on the story "The Devil" (the second version of the end of the story refers to 1890). The “Konevskaya Tale” was started (according to the story of the judicial figure A.F. Koni) - the future “Resurrection” (completed in 1899).

1890 - The Kreutzer Sonata was censored (in 1891 Alexander III allowed printing only in the Collected Works). In a letter to V.G. Chertkov the first version of the story "Father Sergius" (finished in 1898).

1891 - Letter to the editors of Russkiye Vedomosti and Novoye Vremya refusing copyright for works written after 1881.

1891 - 1893 - Organization of assistance to the starving peasants of the Ryazan province. Articles about hunger.

1892 - Production at the Maly Theater of "The Fruits of Enlightenment".

1893 - A preface to the writings of Guy de Maupassant was written. Acquaintance with K.S. Stanislavsky.

1894 - 1895 - The story "The Master and the Worker" was written.

1895 - Acquaintance with A.P. Chekhov. Performance of "The Power of Darkness" at the Maly Theatre. The article "Shameful" was written - a protest against corporal punishment of peasants.

1896 - The story "Hadji Murad" was started (the work continued until 1904; during his lifetime Tolstoy story has not been published).

1897 - 1898 - Organization of assistance to the starving peasants of the Tula province. Article "Hunger or not hunger?". The decision to print "Father Sergius" and "Resurrection" in favor of the Dukhobors who are moving to Canada. In Yasnaya Polyana, L.O. Pasternak illustrating "Resurrection".

1898 - 1899 - Inspection of prisons, conversations with prison guards in connection with work on "Resurrection".

1899 - The novel "Resurrection" is published in the Niva magazine.

1899 - 1900 - The article "Slavery of our time" was written.

1900 - acquaintance with A.M. Gorky. Work on the drama "The Living Corpse" (after watching the play "Uncle Vanya" at the Art Theater).

1901 - “Determination of the Holy Synod of February 20 - 22, 1901 ... about Count Leo Tolstoy” is published in the newspapers “Church Vedomosti”, “Russian Bulletin”, etc. The definition spoke of the “falling away” of the writer from Orthodoxy. In his “Response to the Synod,” Tolstoy stated: “I began by loving my Orthodox faith more than my calmness, then I loved Christianity more than my church, but now I love the truth more than anything in the world. And until now, the truth coincides for me with Christianity, as I understand it. In connection with the illness, departure to the Crimea, to Gaspra.

1901 - 1902 - Letter to Nicholas II calling for the abolition of private ownership of land and the destruction of "that oppression that prevents the people from expressing their desires and needs."

1902 - return to Yasnaya Polyana.

1903 - "Memoirs" started (work continued until 1906). The story "After the Ball" was written.

1903 - 1904 - Work on the article "On Shakespeare and the Lady".

1904 - Article about the Russo-Japanese war "Think!".

1905 - An afterword was written for Chekhov's story "Darling", the articles "On the Social Movement in Russia" and the Green Stick, the stories "Korney Vasiliev", "Alyosha Pot", "Berries", the story "The Posthumous Notes of Elder Fyodor Kuzmich". Reading the notes of the Decembrists and the writings of Herzen. An entry about the October 17 manifesto: "There is nothing for the people in it."

1906 - The story "For what?", the article "The Significance of the Russian Revolution" were written, the story "Divine and Human" begun in 1903 was completed.

1907 - Letter to P.A. Stolypin on the situation of the Russian people and the need to abolish private ownership of land. In Yasnaya Polyana M.V. Neterov paints a portrait Tolstoy.

1908 - Tolstoy's article against the death penalty - "I can not be silent!". No. 35 of the Proletariy newspaper published an article by V.I. Lenin "Leo Tolstoy as a Mirror of the Russian Revolution".

1908 - 1910 - Work on the story "There are no guilty in the world."

1909 — Tolstoy writes the story “Who are the murderers? Pavel Kudryash", a sharply critical article about the cadet collection "Milestones", essays "Conversation with a passerby" and "Songs in the countryside".

1900 - 1910 - Work on the essays "Three Days in the Country".

1910 - The story "Khodynka" was written.

In a letter to V.G. Korolenko gave an enthusiastic review of his article against the death penalty - "Change houses phenomenon".

Tolstoy prepares a report for the peace congress in Stockholm.

Work on the last article - "A Real Remedy" (against the death penalty).