Peasant with a bridle.
Mina Moiseev.
1883. Oil on canvas. 125 x 93. Museum of Russian Art, Kyiv, Ukraine.
"People's portrait", the beginning of which was laid in the national painting XVIII century, in the 19th century it became so widespread that it formed a special genre in the portrait genre of painting. Already in the works of A.G. Venetsianov and V.A. Tropinin, the personality of a person from the lower strata of society becomes a measure of ethical and aesthetic value, the bearer of a newly understood ideal of a worker, a “breadwinner”, the embodiment of the eternal meaning of being. "Fomushka the Owl" by V.G. Perov can be placed next to the immortal images of the sage Khory and the poet Kalinych I.S. Turgenev. Paintings of a timid peasant and a peasant with an evil eye by I.E. Repin will come to light as one of the first guesses about the formidable power of the people, brought to the extreme and ready to rise to the bloody struggle.
The folk portrait genre has its own poetics, its own system of artistic visual and expressive means. Artists try to keep the appearance of their models as authentic as possible, reveal ethnic features of appearance and carefully trace socially determined and socially significant qualities of characters. While preserving the individual structure of the personality, Russian realistic painting brings to the fore its most typical features in the folk portrait. And although since the time of the Russian Enlightenment, the originality of which was determined by the anti-serfdom orientation, the folk image has always carried the features of a high ideal, a significantly new quality appears in the painting of the 1870-1880s, it is associated with an attempt to perceive a person from the people “on an equal footing”, directly and unbiased. The concreteness of the image, the serious respectfulness of the attentive approach to the model, are also distinguished by Kramskoy's peasant portraits. Each one has a unique personality with its own destiny and at the same time an accurate social characteristic. The artist is one of the first to notice the beginning stratification of the peasant world, which Russian painting will reflect fearlessly, although not without bitterness.
More and more often Kramskoy thought that it was necessary to “move” not only exhibitions around Russia, but also the artists themselves, that they should travel, get to know their country, their people, that, sitting in the center, the artist begins to “lose the nerve of a wide free life; the outskirts are too far, and what can the people give! My God, what a huge spring! Have only ears to hear and eyes to see..."
He himself could not leave for long years, to live in the countryside, as some young artists did then: too strong threads connected him with Petersburg. But I wanted to paint pictures from the life of the people, to paint people from the people. Once he painted a small painting "Village Forge". Now I thought of giving portraits of peasants.
The first in a series of these portraits was a portrait of Polesovshchik. Here he stands, this "forest man", tanned, strong; behind his back he has a club, his eyes are alert. Internal intense passion makes the look of the woodsman and the look of Saltykov-Shchedrin related in the portrait of 1879. The same light blue eyes circled with a thin brown border, the small black pupil is set off by highlights and a thin, thin white stroke on the lower part of the iris. But in the frantic eyes of the woodsman there is neither the smashing power of the intellect, nor the torment reflected in the gaze of the writer. The strength of the gaze of the peasant in the shot-through cap is barely restrained, but cold, round, light gray-bluish eyes seem to be discolored with malice, in the center of a dark small pupil, like a trace of a shot on a cap, a sharp flare, on the side of the iris there is another, double, third, of three light dots - on the protein. This fractionally flashing, iridescent “glare” in the shape of the eye leaves the impression of an unpleasant intentness and, at the same time, the elusiveness of an elusive gaze.
Sometimes this work is called in a different way - "A man with a club" or "A man in a hat shot through." Describing the study of the painting, Kramskoy offered the following interpretation of it in a letter to P. Tretyakov: “My study was supposed to depict one of those types who understand much of the social and political structure of people's life with their minds and who have deep-seated displeasure bordering on hatred. Of such people, in difficult times, Stenka Razins and Pugachevs recruit their gangs, and in ordinary times they act alone; but they never reconcile.
Only in 1883 did Kramskoy come to an image that truly had the power of generalization, absorbing the results of many years of work on folk portrait. The picture Peasant with a bridle from the Kyiv Museum of Russian Art is characterized by the monumentality that marks the best of Kramskoy's portraits.
Mina Moiseev, whose portrait is in the State Russian Museum (1882), served as a model for Kramskoy: chuckling slyly in a gray beard, arms folded on his chest, at first he seems frail and decrepit, and only after looking closely, you notice what powerful shoulders are covered with a shabby bluish faded shirt. Lively sly eyes look out from under gray shaggy eyebrows. In The Peasant with a Bridle, the large folds of a tattered coat fall off in majestic folds, emphasizing the width and strength of the shoulders, stooped from centuries of hard work. Overworked, large, strong hands still lean on a stick. He is somewhat reminiscent of the image of Tolstoy: large facial features with a wide nose, furry eyebrows, a spacious wrinkled forehead, a look full of calm strength and wisdom, clarity and common sense. “A man with a bridle” by Kramskoy is the embodiment of the heroic strength of the people, and this makes him related to the image of Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero from Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years uncut,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially from the forest
Hunched over, went out...
The note of historical optimism with which he ended his quest in folk theme Kramskoy, sounded in his works at the same time, in accordance with that tragic and heroic poem of the people's past, which V.I. Surikov presented to the audience in the early 1880s in his canvas Morning of the Streltsy Execution. Subsequently, in the 1890s and early 1900s, this note taken by Kramskoy will echo as a hymn to the heroic strength of the people in Repin's Zaporozhets and Vasnetsov's Bogatyrs.
But also the most optimistic among folk images Kramskoy has a shade of hidden tragedy. In general, serenity is alien to the artist's muse. His characters do not smile - chuckling Mina Moiseev is a rare exception. Only sometimes a bitter or thoughtful smile hides in the corners of the lips.
TOPIC: “Preparation for an essay based on the painting by I. N. Kramskoy “Mina Moiseev” (Lesson using Singaporean structures)
Russian language lesson in grade 7 according to the textbook by M. M. Razumovskaya and others.
Teacher: Titova Tatyana Valentinovna
GOALS:
Teach students to get into inner world a person through the description of appearance, using the figurative means of the language;
Raising a sense of beauty;
The development of students' skills to select material for an essay on a picture, logically build the text of an essay (working with a plan), using the material collected for the essay;development of communication skills, ability to work in a team
EQUIPMENT: MANAGE MET, "Worksheets", handout text on yellow cards, literary material on white cards, lilac cards with statements, projector, presentation
During the classes
Teacher actionsMotor cultures
Principles BBL
Orgmoment
Hello dear guests. Hello guys.
Say hello to you friend. Face partners, clap your palms together, shoulder partners, shake hands, partners A and B, wish each other good luck.
The favorite pastime of I. S. Turgenev and his guests was “playing portraits”. I. S. Turgenev was a good artist. He drew five or six profiles and asked the guests under each profile to reflect the characteristics of the character. Here is one of the characteristics of the cartoon characters given by the author: "The ink soul is sad, kind, but boring, like an autumn leaf."
And here are the characteristics given by you: “Looking at him, I can say that he is a loner, hiding from the whole world, not wanting to communicate.” (Mikhailova Alena, 7 B);
“This person is stingy with feelings and emotions, it is easier for him to frown and remain silent than to express his dissatisfaction.” (Yafizov Karim, 7 B)
“From the portrait you can understand that he is an important person, that he is angry at the whole world. Black prevails in his clothes, and this confirms that he is a black person ”(Semenov Egor, 7 B)
"A businesslike and secretive person who constantly thinks about something." (Kabidova Nika, Gorbatova Nastya, 7 V)
“You can assume that this person is impressionable, but strict with any manifestation of emotions.” Artemyeva Sveta, 7 V)
“A long downturned nose is a sign of reticence. His lips are pursed, which speaks of his difficult nature. (Yakimova Tanya, 7 V)
"Very demanding and strict." (Galochkina Anya, 7 V)
“Irritated eyes indicate that the character of this person is restless” (Ivanova Dasha, 7 V)
The children are involved in the lesson, greeting each other.
2. Students listen to the teacher.
1. The teacher involves the student in educational process, attracting the statements of children and comparing their thoughts with the statements of great people.
Students' desire
Using the expectation culture engine, the teacher determines the type of thinking - careful observation and description of what is observed
Definition of the topic and goal setting
– What do you think we will talk about in class? (thirty // )
-…
-…
Today we will work with the painting by I. N. Kramskoy “Mina Moiseev”.
Here are the statements of famous people on lilac cards. Participants number one, take the cards for yourself and distribute to the partners. After discussing with the group, choose a statement that will accurately reflect the main goal of the lesson. (thirty//). Write it down on the Worksheet.
1. How much charm there is in human faces!
Everything looked (would) (at) them and looked (without) the end ... (Evgeny Vinokurov)
2.Ch..lovek is a secret. She needs to be guessed. (F. M. Dostoevsky)
3. Each face is interesting. The task of the artist-artist is to express the inner world of a human being, to give his assessment. (I. Glazunov)
What is the main task of the lesson?
– Define lesson objectives:learn to penetrate into the inner world of a person through a description of appearance, using the figurative means of language; be able to perceive and understand a work of art, create a coherent text based on the painting by I. N. Karamzin “Mina Moiseev”, using the collected material. (thirty // )
What statements can be used as an epigraph to an essay? Write one on the Worksheet, opening the brackets and inserting the missing letters, in the form of direct speech:
Determine the topic of the lesson
Listen carefully to the teacher's instructions.
Discuss in a group.
Write down the statement in the form of direct speech
Define the main task of the lesson
Choose an epigraph for the essay
Through the definition of the topic and goal setting, the teacher establishes a connection between new knowledge and previous ones.
The teacher allocates time environment to keep students interested in the topic.
Learning new material
1. - What kind of artist is I. N. Kramskoy? What works of art belong to his brush? During the presentation, I ask you to collect the necessary material.
VIEW THE PRESENTATION “Great portrait painters. Creativity I. N. Kramskoy "
What did you learn about I. N. Kramskoy and his work?
3rd participants, hand out the text on the green cards to each participant.
Reading text.
WORKING WITH THE TEXT "History of the creation of the portrait" Mina Moiseev "
The history of the creation of "Mina Moiseev"
Being a convinced democrat, I. N. Kramskoy was deeply interested in folk life. He painted several portraits of people from the people, peasants. Among these portraits, "Mina Moiseev" is undoubtedly one of the best. The portrait was painted from life in 1882 near St. Petersburg, at the Siverskaya station, where the artist lived in a dacha. One of the locals posed for him.
The appearance of this fire..logo, who has seen a lot in a person’s life, is concrete and purely ind..visual. At the same time, the general t..peak features of the Russian post-reform kr..styanstva clearly appear in it. The look of his eyes is clear, expressing a sharp and sharp mind. A tanned, m..rashchiniste face shines (?) With both kindness and onion..stvom. The light color of the portrait, which is not typical for Kramskoy, perfectly corresponds to the transfer of the essence of the image being painted. Especially beautiful is the (gray) blue shirt of the peasant and his hair, like old silver.
2. QUESTIONS.
Tell me, who is Mina Moiseev?
(Write your answer in the "Worksheet" in the appropriate column, inserting the missing letters).
What are the features of the Russian peasant that the artist wanted to convey?
Find a description of the appearance of the person being portrayed, enter this material in the "Worksheet"
5. INDEPENDENT WORK WITH THE PAINTING "MINA OF MOISEYEV" IN THE GROUP (5MIN)
Consider the painting "Mina Moiseev", collect the relevant material and add it to the "Worksheets".
Guys, don't you think that we have already met with images like Mina Moiseev? Remember where? Hints are on your table on white cards.
6. WORKING WITH HANDOUT LITERARY MATERIAL:
Tables No. 1,3 - work with the text from the story of I. S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich"
Tables number 2 - work with the text from the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Railway"
Table number 4 - works with the text from the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Thinking at the front door"
Tables No. 5, 7 - work with the text from the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Orina, mother of a soldier"
Table number 6 - work with the text from the fairy tale by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The story of how one man fed two generals”
Read the texts, discuss in a group how the hero of the picture is similar to the characters from works of art, fill in the appropriate box in the "Worksheet" (5MIN)
Before answering the next question related to the picture, remember WHAT ATTRACT YOU OLDER PEOPLE?
WHAT ATTRACTED THE ARTIST IN THIS MAN? (3 MIN)
I CHEER THE STUDENTS WITH WORDS, WE MAKE CHIR
Pondering the question
Viewing the presentation.
Write down information
Exchange the collected material in the team
Working with the text "History of the creation of the portrait" Mina Moiseev "
Entering the necessary materials for writing in the "Worksheet"
Examine the picture
Submit material to worksheets
Share collected material, make additional notes
Work with distributing literary material
4 students are speaking
3-4 students perform mini-compositions
3-4 students present their answers
The teacher conducts structures
FINK-RIGHT-ROUND-ROBIN, OL WRIGHT ROUND-ROBIN
This achieves consistency. By using words from Bloom's Taxonomy, the teacher contributes to a more productive understanding of the topic by the students.
Material supply
Subsequence
Modulation
Accuracy
Statement
Anchoring
Look at the screen. (Screen plan on screen)
Old man… What attracts me to him?
II. Mina Moiseev - the hero of the painting by I. N. Kramskoy
1. Who is he?
2.Appearance:
Face (eyes, mouth, nose, eyebrows, beard)
Pose, hands
Cloth
3. Hero character
4. The general background of the picture
5. On what literary heroes he looks like?
III. What attracted Mina Moiseev as an artist? What does he embody according to the plan of I. N. Kramskoy?
ORAL COLLECTIVE ESSAY
Get to know the plan
Create an oral collective essay
The teacher gives the students time to perceive the logical disclosure of the main idea.
Teacher supports and motivates students.
Anchoring
Relaxation
Let's summarize.
Did we achieve our goals for the lesson?
The teacher reads a poemN. Zabolotsky "On the beauty of human faces".
There are faces like magnificent portals
Where everywhere the great is seen in the small.
There are faces - the likeness of miserable shacks,
Where the liver is boiled and the abomasum gets wet,
Other cold, dead faces
Closed with bars, like a dungeon.
Others are like towers in which
Nobody lives and looks out the window,
But I once knew a small hut,
She was unsightly, not rich,
But from her window on me
The breath of a spring day flowed.
Truly the world is both great and wonderful!
There are faces - the likeness of jubilant songs.
Of these sun-shining notes
Compiled a song of heavenly heights.
Children share their findings
Homework.
Write an essay on this plan based on the painting "Mina Moiseev"
write down homework and participate in the final CHIRE
Kramskoy in his portrait "Mina Moiseev" depicted a peasant. An elderly grandfather looks at us from the canvas. A gray beard indicates that he is not young and has lived a long life. There is no smirk in his eyes, I see tiredness in his eyes. Wrinkles cover his entire face.
Despite the fact that the old man does not look attractive, it seems to me that he offers to tell some interesting story from life. Looking at the picture, I want to sit back and listen to the stories of the peasant until midnight. One gets the impression that the elder's wife is also missing in the portrait, as if she is standing behind him and holding a tray of milk and a loaf of bread.
This old man reminded me of my grandfather, who liked to sit in this position and tell stories, but jokes. With him it was not scary to stay overnight in the hayloft in order to look at the stars.
The peasant depicted in the picture, I think, is not afraid of death, in his eyes one can read the fatigue from the life he has lived. He is not afraid of work. He can plow the garden or clean up after the cattle. He is wise and can give practical advice, teach mind-reason. For some reason I still feel like he's right. People who are not afraid of work demand from themselves the full performance of it. They are very responsible, because the quality of his work depends on whether he will have dinner.
The portrait is made in soothing colors, and even the black background does not darken it a bit. A shabby and worn shirt, faded, and turned from bright blue into dull blue, once again proves that this man is not rich, but constant in his decisions and actions. Looking at the portrait, one can fantasize endlessly, imagining the family and grandchildren of a peasant. How interesting their evenings with a large family could be. This picture made me plunge into my childhood and feel all the delights of rural life. Where you don't want to go back.
In 1882, the Russian artist Ivan Kramskoy paints the painting "Mina Moiseev", which was to become part of another extensive canvas called "Peasant with a Bridle". But after the creation, the picture took on a life of its own, and soon began to be considered one of the best works artist.
According to the author's intention, the canvas was supposed to depict an elderly man, a native of the lower classes, a hard worker. To find such a person, the artist went to the outback, to a village forgotten by God, where he met a simple field worker, Mina Moiseev. Subsequently, Kramskoy worked on his image not a single week in a row.
In the foreground, the face of a simple Russian peasant is depicted large-scale: wrinkles, thick eyebrows almost brought together, a long gray beard. Rough, used to hard work hands are clearly visible.
It seems that the old man from the picture is very tired, he is broken by constant work and the hardships of life. But it is worth taking a closer look and you can see that the depicted man looks pretty good, his eyes are stern and stubborn, his hair has not yet been covered with gray hair. Surely the hero will live for many more years in this world. The position in which he sits is rather loose, although the grandfather crossed his arms and pressed them to himself. He looks somewhere to the side of the artist, as if embarrassed that a picture is being painted from him. It's unusual for him. There is still a spark of mischief in the old man's eyes. His whole face is in deep wrinkles, which speaks of his emotionality. He smiled and laughed a lot in his youth, and this joy of the former life, which had not yet died out to the end, left imprints on his face.
Grandfather is dressed in a blue shade old canvas shirt. But even in such battered clothes, he looks very impressive.
The background is just a black background. But even such a dark shade does not darken the picture. On the contrary, it favorably sets off even this old shirt. All her untidiness suggests that the old man is unpretentious, not rich. But he is constant in his decisions and even desires. Surely, he is fair, loves the truth, is not afraid of any work and demands from himself its full implementation, since he decided to get down to business.
Looking at the picture, you can fantasize about who surrounds the old man, think about what kind of wife he has, what kind of children he raised. You can imagine a picture of a family dinner after a hard day's work or a picture of a grandfather playing with many little grandchildren. The eyes of the grandfather, his look literally make the one looking at them remember his childhood, his relatives. They make you think about a small house in which grandfather and grandmother peacefully live out their lives. They make us think about the place from which we do not want to return - about our father's house.
