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In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, signs of fatigue appear, and working capacity decreases. The more the climatic conditions of the new place of residence differ from the usual ones, the worse a person is prepared for life in new conditions, the more difficult and longer the process of acclimatization proceeds. In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, signs of fatigue appear, and working capacity decreases. The more the climatic conditions of the new place of residence differ from the usual ones, the worse a person is prepared for life in new conditions, the more difficult and longer the process of acclimatization proceeds.

Acclimatization in cold climates. associated with adaptation to such factors as low air temperatures, low air temperatures, strong winds, strong winds, violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day). Violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day). Acclimatization can be prolonged and accompanied by excessive fatigue, excessive fatigue, irresistible drowsiness, irresistible drowsiness, loss of appetite, loss of appetite. As a person gets used to new conditions, these unpleasant phenomena disappear.

Acclimatization in cold climates. proper catering. Proper nutrition helps to accelerate acclimatization in cold climates. At this time, the calorie intake should be increased compared to the usual diet. Food should contain the necessary set of vitamins and minerals. In a cold climate, clothing should have increased heat-shielding and windproof properties.

Acclimatization in a hot climate The beginning of acclimatization in a hot climate may be accompanied by muscle weakness, palpitations, and increased sweating. In hot climates, the likelihood of heat and sunstroke increases.

The main advice to tourists The main advice to tourists: observe the measure in everything and follow the following recommendations: upon arrival at the place of rest, one should not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day; upon arrival at the place of rest, one should not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day; to overload oneself with excessive exposure to the sun; to overload oneself with excessive exposure to the sun; overload the body with excessive and repeated bathing; overload the body with excessive and repeated bathing; you should constantly monitor your well-being and performance; you should constantly monitor your health and performance; reasonable load planning; reasonable load planning; national cuisine products should not be abused. National cuisine products should not be abused.

Acclimatization is the process of gradual adaptation of the human body to new climatic conditions. Acclimatization is based on the body's ability to adapt (rebuild) to new conditions in order to ensure the constancy of the internal environment (body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, etc.). In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, fatigue appears and efficiency decreases. The more the climatic conditions of the new place of residence differ from the usual ones, the worse a person is prepared for life in new conditions, the more difficult and longer the process of acclimatization proceeds.

Acclimatization during a change of residence is inevitable, since any organism reacts to changes occurring in the external environment, and adapts to them. But different people acclimatize in different ways. It has been noted that healthy, hardened people with good physical fitness adapt to new conditions of existence faster and with less deviations. In addition, a more successful acclimatization is facilitated by the ability of a person to change his mode of life, clothes, food and bring them in line with new conditions, using the experience of local residents.

Therefore, for the rest, which will take place in other climatic conditions, one must prepare and try to do everything to help the body quickly adapt to new conditions. In order to increase the body's ability to quickly acclimatize, constant and intensive physical training is necessary long before the trip. Daily exercise, hardening procedures, running, skiing, hiking - all this greatly increases the adaptive capacity of your body.

Arriving at the resting place, do not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day, constantly monitor your well-being and opportunities, do not overload yourself with excessive exposure to the sun, excessive and repeated bathing, plan your loads wisely. Do everything in moderation. For example, consider some features of acclimatization in different climatic conditions.

Acclimatization in cold climates

Acclimatization in a cold climate, especially in the Far North, is associated with adaptation to such factors as low air temperatures, strong winds, and violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day). Acclimatization here can last for a long time and be accompanied by excessive fatigue, irresistible drowsiness, loss of appetite. As a person gets used to new conditions, these unpleasant phenomena disappear.

Proper nutrition helps accelerate acclimatization in cold climates. At this time, the calorie intake should be increased compared to your usual diet. Food should contain the necessary set of vitamins and minerals. In a cold climate, clothing should have increased heat-shielding and windproof properties.

Acclimatization in a hot climate

Hot climate conditions may vary. Thus, the subtropics and tropics are characterized by high temperature, humidity and solar radiation; for desert zones - high temperature, solar radiation and low air humidity. The beginning of acclimatization in a hot climate may be accompanied by muscle weakness, palpitations, and increased sweating. In hot climates, the likelihood of heat and sunstroke increases.

Heatstroke (a condition that occurs with general overheating and is characterized by fatigue, headache, weakness, dizziness) is most likely at high temperature and humidity. Under these conditions, the body's heat exchange with the environment is disturbed - the body overheats.

Sunstroke can happen if you stay in the sun for a long time with your head uncovered. The effects of sunstroke are no different from those of heatstroke.

To avoid these and other troubles, it is important from the first day to adapt your regimen to local climatic conditions. To do this, you should carefully look at the clothes and daily routine of local residents. In the heat, it is better to wear light-colored clothes made of cotton, and wear a light white headdress on your head. On a hot day, you need to be in the shade more often, in the hottest time (from 13 to 16 hours) you can sleep.

Don't get too carried away with tanning. It is better to sunbathe in the morning with a gradual increase in the dose of sunbathing.

To acclimatize faster it is very important to observe the water-salt regime, which provides a normal ratio between the amount of water and mineral salts entering the body and excreted from it.

Drink in the heat not only to quench your thirst, but also to compensate for the loss of water and mineral salts, which leave the body with sweat. You need to drink slowly, in small sips. You can drink mineral water, tea quenches thirst well.

Let us draw your attention to a few general provisions to ensure accelerated acclimatization when changing climatic conditions. In the first days of your stay in a new place, do not overload yourself with various activities, especially if the trip was associated with a change in time zones. Let the body get used to the new conditions for two to three days.

Follow the drinking regime taking into account local conditions and the needs of your body. Do not get carried away with local cuisine, you can try them, but in nutrition it is better to stick to familiar foods. Observe the measure in everything. Constantly monitor your health and physical condition. Do not do anything through force and without desire.

The main goal of your trip is not to set a record at any cost, but to get to know the world and improve your health.

Test yourself

■ What is acclimatization and how does it manifest itself?
■ What factors primarily contribute to the rapid acclimatization of a person in new conditions?
■ What are the features of acclimatization in a hot climate?
■ Are you fit enough to travel to a hot country?

After lessons

Consider how to avoid heat stroke and sunstroke in hot climates. Record the recommendations in your safety diary.

Think about the safety precautions you need to take in cold climates. Pick up examples from popular science and fiction. Develop recommendations for yourself in matters of clothing, daily routine and nutrition in case you find yourself in places with a cold climate.

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Slides captions:

Human acclimatization in various natural conditions

Under acclimatization understand the process of gradual adaptation of the human body to new climatic (natural) conditions. Acclimatization is based on the body's ability to adapt (rebuild) to new conditions to ensure the constancy of the internal environment (homeostasis): regulate body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, etc. In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, signs of fatigue appear, and working capacity decreases. The more the climatic and, in general, natural conditions of a new place of residence differ from the usual ones, the worse a person is prepared for life in new conditions, the more difficult and longer the process of acclimatization proceeds.

Acclimatization during a change of residence is inevitable, since any organism reacts to changes in the external environment and adapts to them. But different people acclimatize differently. Healthy, hardened people with good physical fitness adapt to new conditions of existence faster and with fewer deviations. In addition, a more successful acclimatization is facilitated by the ability of a person to change his mode of life, clothes, food and bring them in line with new conditions, using the experience of local residents.

The main advice to tourists: observe the measure in everything and follow the following recommendations: · upon arrival at the place of rest, one should not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day; overload yourself with excessive exposure to the sun; overload the body with excessive and repeated bathing; You should constantly monitor your well-being and performance; reasonable load planning; · You should not abuse the products of national cuisine.

features of human acclimatization to cold climate conditions. Acclimatization in a cold climate, especially in the Far North, is associated with adaptation to such factors as low air temperatures, strong winds, and violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day). Acclimatization can be long and be accompanied by excessive fatigue, irresistible drowsiness, loss of appetite. As a person gets used to new conditions, these unpleasant phenomena disappear. To speed up acclimatization in cold climates, proper catering will help. At this time, the calorie intake should be increased compared to the usual diet. Food should contain the necessary set of vitamins and minerals. In a cold climate, clothing should have increased heat-shielding and windproof properties.

features of human acclimatization to hot climate conditions. Hot climates can vary. The beginning of acclimatization in a hot climate may be accompanied by muscle weakness, palpitations, and increased sweating. In hot climates, the likelihood of heat and sunstroke increases. To avoid these and other troubles, it is important from the first day to adapt your regimen to local climatic conditions. To do this, you should carefully look at the clothes and daily routine of local residents. In conclusion, discuss with students the general rules of human behavior in preparation for a trip and in places of rest.

general rules of human behavior in preparation for a trip and in places of rest. Rule 1 To rest, which will take place in other climatic conditions, one must prepare and try to do everything to help the body quickly adapt to new conditions. In order to increase the body's ability to quickly acclimatize, constant and intensive physical training is necessary long before the trip. Daily exercise, hardening procedures - all this significantly increases the adaptive capacity of the body.

Rule 2 Arriving at the place of rest, do not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day, constantly monitor your well-being and opportunities, do not overload yourself with excessive exposure to the sun, excessive and repeated bathing, plan your loads wisely. Do everything in moderation.

Rule 3 In the first days of your stay in a new place, do not overload yourself with various activities, especially if the trip was associated with a change in time zones. Allow the body to get used to the new conditions for 2-3 days.

Rule 4 Follow the drinking regime, taking into account local conditions and the needs of your body. Do not get carried away with local cuisine, you can try them, but in nutrition it is better to stick to familiar foods. Observe the measure in everything.

Having flown from St. Petersburg to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, in a short period of time (about 9 hours), a person will cross 9 time zones. If you fly from Murmansk, then after some 3-4 hours you can land in Sochi, from the harsh Arctic to get into the hot subtropics.

Such shifts are not uncommon these days. Someone moves to a new place of residence, someone goes on vacation, athletes fly to competitions, geologists go on an expedition, tourists go on a hike ...

As a rule, when we change our place of residence, we feel some discomfort. The fact is that we find ourselves in unusual conditions, the body is forced to rebuild, get used to (adapt) to them. And we must help him with this!

Change of time zones

In such a situation, the main factor affecting a person is the change of time. A person gets used to a certain rhythm. For example, getting up and going to bed at a certain time. Getting, for example, from the European part of the country to Irkutsk (that is, moving from west to east), you need to do this a few hours earlier. So, we need to change the regime. The best remedy for this is sleep. After sleep, you need to enter a new mode according to local time. In the first days, fatigue, rapid fatigue will be felt, headaches are possible. Don't worry, this will all pass. It is necessary to reduce physical activity during this time and organize a good rest.

Scheme 17
How to adjust to local time

It is more difficult to adapt when moving from east to west. But the rules of conduct remain the same.

climate change

When the latitude of the area changes, that is, when moving from north to south or vice versa, all natural factors affecting a person change: temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar activity.

It is better to inquire in advance about the peculiarities of the climate of the area where you have to move.

It's a good idea to consult a doctor if your health condition allows such a move. Often, “sores” in a healthy person appear when the climate changes. Therefore, doctors usually recommend resting in an area where the climate is not very different from the one in which a person lives permanently.

Scheme 18
How to adapt to climate change

You also need to think about clothes. It must comply with the new climatic conditions.

Special mention should be made of the sun. Probably, many of us experienced its gentle warmth, and then moaned all night long, dreaming that burnt skin would peel off as soon as possible.

Not only those living in the north, but also the inhabitants of the middle latitudes are unaccustomed to the southern sun. Excessive stay on the beach is detrimental to unaccustomed skin: it quickly overheats, sometimes invisible burns form on it. Sunbathing should be taken in moderation, starting with sessions of 10-20 minutes, gradually increasing their duration. The rest of the time you need to be in the shade. Loose cotton clothes with long sleeves, a hat or panama will help with this.

You also need to take care of your eyes. The southern sun, especially near the sea surface, strongly blinds the eyes, can cause their diseases. Wear dark glasses to protect your eyes.

With a change of residence, a change in food is inevitable. You should spare your body, trying new food little by little, not eating several dishes that are unusual for the stomach at once. Do not rush to switch to spicy food, which is usually eaten by residents of the southern and mountainous regions.

When traveling and moving, it is necessary to take into account the basic principles of adaptation when changing climatic and geographical conditions.

• In the early days, do not expose yourself to excessive stress, sleep more.
• Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing made from natural materials and a hat.
• Be wary of exotic local food.

The body's ability to adapt can be trained. Travelers, tourists, the military better tolerate moving, changing external conditions. Therefore, tourism is not only good for health, but also a training that helps to adapt the body to various conditions and makes it easier to survive in extreme situations.

Acclimatization in the mountains

Acclimatization in the mountains is more difficult: there, with increasing altitude, atmospheric pressure decreases. In this case, the so-called oxygen starvation is observed. It is expressed in the fact that although the oxygen content in the air does not change with increasing altitude, but with reduced atmospheric pressure, it is less absorbed into the blood. Therefore, even with minor physical exertion, dizziness and palpitations begin, a person feels severe fatigue. As a rule, this manifests itself from a height of 1500 m.

At significant heights, even well-trained climbers work in oxygen masks.

In the mountains, there is often low air humidity, which leads to the loss of moisture from the body through the lungs during breathing.

In addition, the water of mountain rivers and streams fed by glaciers and snowfields is poor in mineral salts.

In the mountains, you can get severe sunburn even when cloudy or foggy. The fact is that on the plain, the ultraviolet radiation of the sun is much weaker, as it is scattered by the lower layers of the atmosphere. When climbing mountains, this dispersion decreases, the radiation becomes stronger (harder, as they say). Therefore, you can get a burn in the mountains much faster. The matter can be further complicated by the presence of snow in the mountains. In this case, the radiation reflected from the snow is added to the direct solar radiation. Here you can not do without a special protective cream.

Scheme 19
How to adapt in the mountains

Especially intense sunlight in the snow zone affects the eyes. Even more than in the south, sunglasses are needed here, and with glass lenses.

The first 1-2 days should be taken for acclimatization with a minimum of physical activity. The effect of lack of oxygen, low pressure usually disappears during this period.

Scheme 20
When adapting in the mountains, it is impossible

If you constantly feel thirsty, dry mouth, you need to drink more fluids, better mineral water or tea. It is advisable to add a little salt to the water. Try not to eat snow or drink water from streams (there is little salt in it).

In the mountains, the air temperature changes sharply and quickly. Strong winds often blow. There is a big difference between daytime and evening temperatures. Therefore, going to the mountains even in hot summer, you need to grab warm clothes.

You also need to take care of warm clothes when traveling from south to north. In this case, it is better to have underwear made of pure wool or cotton. Try not to use synthetics.

Shoes should be spacious, with a warm insole. It is good to have warm woolen socks.

Tight clothing or shoes are the main cause of frostbite.

The following fact should also be taken into account: in the mountains, due to low pressure, the boiling point of water is below 100 ° C. Therefore, the food here is cooked differently. Tea may not taste the same as at home, food is cooked a little longer than on the plain.

Questions and tasks

1. How does the change of time zones affect the human body?
2. What is the best way to get used to new conditions (adapt) in this case?
3. What natural factors change when moving from north to south or vice versa?
4. What are the main principles of adaptation when changing climatic and geographical conditions.
5. What features should be paid attention to when adapting to the mountains?
6. Why is oxygen starvation possible in the mountains at an altitude of more than 1500 m?
7. Do you think it is better to boil or fry meat in the mountains? Why?
8. Where is tea better brewed - in the mountains or on the plain? State the reasons for this.
9. Is it possible to get burned when there is snow around?
10. What will you do to facilitate acclimatization in the mountains; in the southern steppe?