Interactive exhibition of one book dedicated to the birthday of Griboedov A.S.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit", was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.), 1795, from an early age he showed himself to be an extremely developed, and versatile, child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University noble boarding school. At the age of eleven, he was already a student at Moscow University (verbal department). Having become a candidate of verbal sciences in 1808, Griboedov graduated from two more departments - moral-political and physical-mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, was very gifted musically.

Since the beginning Patriotic War In 1812, Griboedov joined the ranks of volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in hostilities. With the rank of cornet, Griboedov in 1815 served in a cavalry regiment that was in reserve. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy "Young Spouses", which was a translation of a French play, the article "On Cavalry Reserves", "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher".

At the beginning of 1816, A. Griboedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. Working in the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new field of writing for himself, makes translations, joins theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him an acquaintance with A. Pushkin. In 1817, A. Griboyedov tried his hand at dramaturgy, writing the comedies "Own Family" and "Student".

In 1818, Griboedov was appointed to the post of secretary of the tsar's attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed him further biography. The expulsion to a foreign land of Alexander Sergeevich was regarded as a punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with a fatal outcome. Staying in Iranian Tabriz (Tavriz) was really painful for the beginning writer.

In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov's new place of service, and General A.P. Yermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Tehran, commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, under whom Griboedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy Woe from Wit. The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823, Griboedov left the Caucasus on leave for his homeland. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was put in the work, whose path to fame turned out to be thorny. The comedy could not be published due to the prohibition of censorship and diverged in handwritten lists. Only small fragments "slip" into the press: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the Russian Thalia almanac. The brainchild of Griboyedov was highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin.

Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to his service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the case of the Decembrists, he was arrested, kept in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer's name came up several times during interrogations, and during searches, handwritten copies of his comedy were found. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.

In 1828, the Turkmanchay peace treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his merits, the talented diplomat was granted a new position - the plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. In his appointment, Alexander Sergeevich saw a "political exile", plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart in June 1828, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg.

Getting to the place of service, for several months he lived in Tiflis, where in August he was married to 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. There were forces in the country and beyond its borders that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated hostility towards its representatives in the minds of the local population. On January 30, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal mob, and A.S. became one of its victims. Griboyedov, who was mutilated to such an extent that they were later identified only by a characteristic scar on his arm. The body was taken to Tiflis, where the grotto at the church of St. David became its last refuge.

All stupid - happiness from madness,
All smart - woe from the mind.

Word patriotism comes from the word "patris", which translates as "homeland", fathers, love for the motherland, affection for native land, language, culture, traditions.

Even as a child, my parents instilled in me love for their Motherland, love for its people. Even despite how many difficult periods our Russia has gone through, people have always fought for it, gave their lives in the war, worked in its fields - this patriotism of the people was able to elevate the country to an honorable world pedestal, despite all attempts to distort this truth.

The vast expanses of Russia spread over 17 thousand square kilometers. Here are all the beauties of the Earth: deep forests, wide fields, highest mountains, fast rivers, bright flower meadows, raging seas and oceans. Many encroached on these territories, but the Russian people did not want to give their native and beloved lands into someone else's possession. Therefore, there was always a struggle for life. And now, we live in a vast country, under a bright blue peaceful sky, we have everything for a comfortable life.

Russia is proud not only of its size and natural resources, but also of the great ones, which have made a huge contribution to the development of the Russian language and the “true Russian word”.

And I, as a representative of the younger generation, sincerely wish to contribute to this section. The first material was devoted to, and I, in turn, would like to talk about A.S. Griboedov and discuss the true and false in the great work of this author, “Woe from Wit”.

Biographical information

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 4 (15), 1795 in a well-to-do, well-born family. As a child, Alexander was very focused and unusually developed. At the age of 6 he was fluent in three foreign languages, in his youth already six, in particular in perfection English, French, German and Italian. He understood Latin and Greek very well.

In 1803 he was sent to the Moscow University Noble Boarding School; three years later, Griboyedov entered the university at the verbal department of Moscow University.

In 1808 he received the title of candidate of verbal sciences, but did not leave his studies, but entered the moral and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, when the enemy appeared on the territory of Russia, he joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment (volunteer irregular unit) of Count Peter Ivanovich Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Arriving at the place of service, he got into the company "young cornets from the best noble families"- Prince Golitsyn, Count Efimovsky, Count Tolstoy, Alyabyev, Sheremetev, Lansky, the Shatilov brothers. Griboyedov was related to some of them. Until 1815, Griboyedov served with the rank of cornet under the command of a cavalry general.

In the spring of 1816, the aspiring writer left military service, and already in the summer he published an article “On the analysis of a free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora” - a review of N. I. Gnedich’s critical remarks about P. A. Katenin’s ballad “Olga”. At the same time, Griboedov's name appears in the lists of full members of the Masonic lodge "Les Amis Reunis" ("United Friends").

In 1818 he was appointed secretary of the Russian mission in Tehran. Since 1822, he was in Tbilisi the secretary for diplomatic affairs under the commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, A.P. Yermolov. Here Griboyedov began to write the comedy "Woe from Wit". Like the Decembrists, Griboyedov hated the autocratic-serf system, but was skeptical about the possibility of a purely military conspiracy succeeding.

“Woe from Wit” is the main work of Alexander Griboyedov. It reflects a whole historical era. The idea of ​​“Woe from Wit”, the content of the comedy are connected with the ideas of the Decembrists. The dramatic conflict of the comedy was an expression of the struggle between two social camps: the feudal-serf reaction and the progressive youth, from whose midst the Decembrists emerged. In comedy it is also given, in the words of Pushkin, “... a sharp picture of manners” lordly Moscow.

Sent in April 1828 as a plenipotentiary resident minister (ambassador) to Iran, Griboyedov treated this appointment as a political exile. On his way to Iran, Griboyedov again spent several months in Georgia; in Tbilisi, he married Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his friend, the Georgian poet A. Chavchavadze.

As ambassador, Griboyedov pursued a firm policy. “...Respect for Russia and its demands - that's what I need”, he said. Fearing the strengthening of Russian influence in Iran, agents of British diplomacy and reactionary Tehran circles, dissatisfied with peace with Russia, set a fanatical crowd on the Russian mission. During the defeat of the mission, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was killed, his entire body was disfigured. He was buried in Tbilisi on Mount David.

True and false patriotism in the comedy "Woe from Wit".

“Woe from Wit” is a unique comedy by a brilliant writer, but during the life of Griboyedov it was not fully published. The idea of ​​the comedy is to combine secular comedy with the comedy of manners. There are two plot conflicts in this work: social and love.

The main character is Chatsky. Throughout the comedy, we observe that this hero demonstrates mental health, cheerfulness, love of life, honesty, and most importantly - "enlightened mind".

His antagonist Famusov appreciates only rank and money. He is deceitful and two-faced. Rejects books, saying: "take away all the books and burn them."

“I would be glad to serve
Serving is sickening…”- says A.A. Chatsky. A true patriot does everything for her good. The whole tragedy of Chatsky was that he advocated that society reach a new stage of development. To replace the “past century” with the “present century”. He was a defender of individual freedom, ridiculed those who blindly imitate foreign fashion. Alexander Andreevich calls the people "kind and smart", he suffers for the fate of this very people. The vices and flaws of the Famus society are especially forced to suffer. He worries about the landlord bullying of the peasant.

He spent all his spiritual strength to bring noble ideas into the "Famous society", but under the influence of the prevailing force, he failed.

“That's it, you are all proud!
Would you ask how the fathers did?
We would learn from the elders by looking”- words from the monologue of P.A. Famusova. He condemns the advanced youth, urges them to listen to the older generation. Pavel Afanasyevich does not advocate the development of society, he is used to the one that has existed for a long time. In the "famus" society, everything is based on connections, and such a model of life seems ideal to members of Moscow society, they consider it the only correct one and do not want any changes.

So what conclusions can be drawn?

The image of Chatsky is the image of a citizen in the highest sense of the word. They are true patriot who always stands for the development of society, rejects all wrong positions, has a sense of justice and equality.

The false patriot sits still and thinks it's right. His patriotism is only in words. He does not want the best for his country, referring to the fact that he is already living well and does not need anything. Such pseudo-patriots are also called “leavened”.

Objectives of the project: 1. Study of the characters of comedy heroes and their attitude to progress. 2. Bringing examples of grief from the mind on the examples of the XX-XXI centuries. 3. A selection of doubles of comedy heroes of the 19th-20th-21st centuries through an associative series of famous people, characters of works and films.

Famusov is a rich nobleman; Famusov is a rich nobleman; Molchalin - Famusov's secretary; Molchalin - Famusov's secretary; Colonel Skalozub; Colonel Skalozub; The Gorich family; The Gorich family; Prince and Princess Tugoukhovsky with six daughters; Prince and Princess Tugoukhovsky with six daughters; Countess grandmother and granddaughter Khryumina; Countess grandmother and granddaughter Khryumina; Zagoretsky and Repetilov; Zagoretsky and Repetilov; Old Khlestova - Famusov's sister-in-law Old Khlestova - Famusov's sister-in-law

A typical representative of the Moscow nobility. An ardent hater of enlightenment. He owns the words about the "madness" of Chatsky: "learning is the plague, learning is the cause." "A low worshiper, a flatterer", a person deprived of true dignity and honor, groveling before the highest in order to obtain ranks and wealth. He treats his peasants without the slightest respect. He calls them both “cockerels”, and “fomkas”, and “chumps”, and lazy “black grouse”. The landowner is well aware of his privileged position, but in order to make him calm and long, he surrounds himself with dependent people. A typical representative of the Moscow nobility. An ardent hater of enlightenment. He owns the words about the "madness" of Chatsky: "learning is the plague, learning is the cause." "A low worshiper, a flatterer", a person deprived of true dignity and honor, groveling before the highest in order to obtain ranks and wealth. He treats his peasants without the slightest respect. He calls them both “cockerels”, and “fomkas”, and “chumps”, and lazy “black grouse”. The landowner is well aware of his privileged position, but in order to make him calm and long, he surrounds himself with dependent people.

A typical representative of the Arakcheev army environment. There is nothing caricature in his appearance: historically he is quite truthful. He sees the purpose of his service not in protecting the fatherland from encroachments of the enemy, but in achieving wealth and nobility. A typical representative of the Arakcheev army environment. There is nothing caricature in his appearance: historically he is quite truthful. He sees the purpose of his service not in protecting the fatherland from encroachments of the enemy, but in achieving wealth and nobility.

A miserable sycophant and a flatterer, weak-willed and miserable, he tries to serve the masters, portraying "love" for Sophia. He acts meanly, but he does not notice this meanness. He is not worthy not only of the girl's love, but even of her respect. This is a low and unpleasant person who does not inspire confidence in anyone. A miserable sycophant and a flatterer, weak-willed and miserable, he tries to serve the masters, portraying "love" for Sophia. He acts meanly, but he does not notice this meanness. He is not worthy not only of the girl's love, but even of her respect. This is a low and unpleasant person who does not inspire confidence in anyone.

Chatsky Clever, ardent, passionate, resolute, stubborn "sensitive, cheerful and sharp", laughs at everyone, argues, "an honest, active nature, moreover, the nature of a fighter", a future Decembrist, a representative of the "current century". Clever, ardent, passionate, decisive, stubborn, "sensitive, cheerful and sharp", laughs at everyone, argues, "an honest, active nature, moreover, the nature of a fighter", a future Decembrist, a representative of the "current century".

Sofia Clever, well-read, fell in love with the unworthy, defends him, suffers. Deep in her soul, she is tender, vulnerable, pure, but spoiled by Famus's upbringing ... Smart, well-read, she fell in love with the unworthy, protects him, suffers. Deep in my soul, tender, vulnerable, pure, but spoiled by Famus' upbringing...

Conclusion one Conclusion one The heroes of the comedy represent the “current century” and “the past century”, only the image of Sophia is intermediate, since her character is typical for girls of all times. The heroes of the comedy represent the “current century” and “the past century”, only the image of Sophia is intermediate, since her character is typical for girls of all times.

Second conclusion The characters of the heroes, their actions and their relationships described in the comedy are still found today, therefore, the comedy is immortal. The characters of the heroes, their actions and their relationships described in the comedy are still found today, therefore, the comedy is immortal.

WORSE FROM MIND? lit. ũmas "meaning", probably borrowed. from glory. Related Lit. aumuõ "reason", possibly connected with the old Slav. aviti "clearly". lit. ũmas "meaning", probably borrowed. from glory. Related Lit. aumuõ "reason", possibly connected with the old Slav. aviti "clearly". lit.ũmas lit.aumuõst.- obviously famous lit.ũmaslit.aumuõst.- obviously famous

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CONCLUSION THREE 39 Each product of the activity of the mind has both positive and negative sides, therefore, there really is grief from the mind. Each product of the activity of the mind has both positive and negative sides, therefore, there really is grief from the mind.

Aphorisms from the comedy Aphorisms from the comedy The smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us. The smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us. I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve. I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve. And who are the judges? And who are the judges? Evil tongues are worse than a gun. Evil tongues are worse than a gun. Bypass us more than all sorrows, and lordly anger and lordly love. Bypass us more than all sorrows, and lordly anger and lordly love. Happy hours are not observed. Happy hours are not observed.

And grief awaits around the corner. And grief awaits around the corner. The hero... Not my novel. The hero... Not my novel. I just want to be a general! I just want to be a general! To have children who did not have enough mind. To have children who did not have enough mind. Carriage for me, carriage! Carriage for me, carriage! Ba! All familiar faces! Ba! All familiar faces! Although animals, but still kings! Although animals, but still kings!

Class: 9

“All this strikes, entices, attracts attention...”. This is how A.A. Bestuzhev wrote about “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedov. Prohibited from printing and staging on the stage of the theater, the comedy or, by definition of the author himself, the stage poem was wildly popular. The text was repeatedly copied by hand, learned by heart, A.S. Griboyedov was invited “to the evening” to read his masterpiece. Critics argued about him, admired, condemned, praised, criticized ... The popularity of the “stage poem” is quite understandable: the ideas of Decembrism in Russian society, the confrontation between the “current century and the past century”, a system of characters different from classicism .. But how difficult it is sometimes to explain today schoolchildren, what exactly is the grief of the comedy characters and why this grief originates from the mind. But it's still worth trying. So, Woe from Wit or “To all the stupid - happiness from madness, to all the smart - grief from the mind”.

The first thing we draw the attention of schoolchildren is the title of the work. The very name of the comedy “Woe from Wit” already indicates that the heroes of the comedy suffer grief from their mind. However, initially Griboyedov called his work "Woe to the mind." What is the meaning of this change? We will listen to the answers of the children and, if possible, bring them to a “common denominator”. The original version of the name made it clear that only smart people have grief. Grief may not exist if there is no mind. The final version of the comedy's title focuses the reader's attention on strong characters with the concept of the mind, but suffering grief because they cannot properly dispose of their mind.

Griboedov, in a letter to P.A. Katenin, pointed out: “In my comedy there are 25 fools per sane person.” Who did Griboedov mean? It seems that the answer is obvious: Chatsky. Therefore, the other characters in the play are fools. But is it really so? Sanity and intelligence are manifested in the actions of a person. Let's look at the actions of the characters.

Chatsky - was absent for three years, did not write letters, suddenly rushed to Famusov's house with a declaration of love to Sophia (let's pay attention to the age of the heroine); does not make an official proposal, conflicts with Famusov (Sophia's father), is jealous of Skalozub and Molchalin, reproaches Sophia for coldness; making sure that Molchalin was preferred to him, he begins to criticize and ridicule Famusov's guests at the ball, where Chatsky himself is only a guest; accidentally becoming a witness to Molchalin's confessions to Liza, he does not spare the feelings of Sophia (beloved), leaves offended. So what smart act did the hero do? No! But should Chatsky be denied intellect? Of course no . After all, he is an educated person, thinking according to the advanced and progressive for his time, he is simply young, hot, in love, offended .... Hence the absurdity of actions, and the illogicality of actions, and the strangeness of behavior.

Although Pushkin denied Chatsky the mind, considering his behavior unacceptable for an intelligent person, because an intelligent person would not “cast beads in front of pigs”, would not put himself in a ridiculous and stupid position.

Famusov - an influential nobleman, dignitary, respected person in society; honors the norms and rules of behavior in society, raised Chatsky when he was left without parents, helped him establish the necessary connections, taught life, instructed. Returning Chatsky gives sensible and practical advice on how best to get settled in this life; values ​​his reputation as a successful and impeccable person. So is it a fool before us? No. But actions ... He does not see what is happening under his very nose (the connection between Sophia and Molchalin), does not understand the danger posed by Chatsky, allows the family scandal to become public property. Why does a smart person behave like a boy?

Sophia is “a strong nature, a lively mind, passion and feminine gentleness” according to I.A. Goncharov. For a girl early XIX century, she is very progressive and smart. She chooses her lover herself, and this is not the “golden bag” Skalozub, but the inconspicuous and far from rich Molchalin (Famusov’s secretary); Sophia is not ashamed of her choice, almost does not hide it, for the sake of personal happiness she is ready to go to the end: not to allow Chatsky to interfere and to decide her fate to Famusov. In fact, Sophia is rebelling, rebelling against the norms and laws of Moscow society, and although her rebellion is limited only to the personal and family sphere, it is still a rebellion. But smart and faithful Sophia is mistaken in the most important thing: in choosing a lover. She takes Molchalin's adaptability for respect for people, his desire to please - for selflessness, sycophancy - for the depth and subtlety of feelings, and even Molchalin's poverty and dependent position only adorn him in Sophia's eyes. Her disappointment will be painful. It will be aggravated by the betrayal of Molchalin (a love confession to Liza).

Molchalin - “here he is on tiptoe and not rich in words,” according to Chatsky, the disenfranchised secretary of Famusov, who dreams of breaking out into the people. And for this, all means are good. Chatsky frankly mocks both Molchalin himself and his position in life (to please all people without a trace; to find patrons). But it’s easy to mock: Chatsky himself is a rather wealthy man, Famusov provided him with the necessary connections, but Molchalin has no one to rely on and rely on. He will have to achieve everything on his own, he fights for wealth, strength and power without support. But who can be reproached for the desire to "reach the known degrees"? For the clever and cunning Molchalin, all means are good. And he is already close to his first goal: to become indispensable for Famusov, to “acquire” patrons, to become a full member of Famusov's society, thanks to his marriage to Sophia. And the rest is “a matter of technology”. And how stupidly Molchalin himself destroys everything that he achieved with such difficulty. Unable to control his feelings and emotions, he confesses his love to Lisa. And does a smart person put all his efforts on the map of love passion ?! Now Sofya, and Famusov's house, and ambitious dreams and plans are lost for him.

Liza - at first glance, only a servant of Sophia, helping her mistress in love secrets. But if you take a closer look, then Liza from a simple maid turns into a confidant and friend of Sophia. She is not a banal soubrette, but rather a “Double Heroine”. The prudent Liza connects her future not with Famusov (“pass us over all sorrows and lordly anger and lordly love”), not with the handsome Molchalin, but with Sophia. It is from Sophia that Lisa expects to receive certain benefits, therefore she serves faithfully and prudently. But lysine rationalism does not lead her to the goal. She becomes a “victim” of the stupidities and mistakes of others.

It turns out that the main characters of the comedy are smart people, everyone has their own mind and their own understanding of the mind. You can draw conclusions. These definitions were provided by the students themselves.

• Famusov - domineering and instructive mind;
• Chatsky is a socially enlightened mind;
• Sophia is a purposeful, determined mind;
• Molchalin is an ambitious mind;
• Lisa is a rational, judicious mind.

The only trouble is that smart characters, due to various circumstances, do not at all smart things and in the end of the play they are left with nothing.

So what do we get? All carriers of the 5 leading types of mind (as defined by schoolchildren) fail, their mind does not help them achieve their goals and find happiness. It turns out that Griboedov's goal was to debunk the mind as the basis of happiness. But then there must be something that is opposed to the mind. However, there is no "opposition"! One can, of course, assume that Griboyedov wanted to debunk either the “old” or the “new” types of mind, but in the plot of the comedy, both types of mind fail.

To understand this, let's decide what is at the heart of the play's conflict. The students give answers that the teacher counters.

- clash of two ideological positions: Decembrism (Chatsky) and the old nobility (Famus society). But where exactly collision? There are Chatsky's attacks and society's confidence that he is crazy.

- Sophia's love drama. But this is too small for this comedy, besides, no one gets Sophia, the conflict remains unresolved.

The problem of human happiness and its relationship with the world. Each of the carriers of one or another type of mind strives for happiness, understands it in its own way and does not find it.

Why? This is the main question of our conversation. And the answer to this question is given by Chatsky himself, and his formula is suitable for each central character. . "Mind and heart are not in harmony." And if the main problem of comedy is the problem of finding happiness, then it becomes clear why the mind does not help the heroes, why there is only grief from the mind. Because this mind is not in harmony with the heart. Therefore, according to Griboyedov, to achieve happiness, the mind is not enough, just as the heart is not enough, the main thing is to bring the mind and heart into a state of harmony. Harmony of mind and heart is the main condition for achieving happiness.

List of used documents

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