White salary This is the only legal form of remuneration. Many job seekers, when looking for work, are also faced with illegal types of payment: black and gray wages. In order to figure out whether the salary from a given employer is legal, you need to pay attention to the following signs.

Signs of a white salary:

• The full salary amount is indicated in the documents upon hiring.
• Bonuses and other incentive allowances are calculated by order.
• Money is transferred to the card or issued through the cash register. Cash payment must be made according to one of the following documents: cash order, payroll or payroll. Documents must be signed by the manager, chief accountant or authorized person. Opposite the name of a specific employee should be the amount that is issued in person.
• No additional amounts will be issued in envelopes.
• The actual amount of income is reflected in the 2-NDFL certificate and in the pay slip.
• All deductions are made from the entire amount of the employee’s income.

What is official wages?

Many people don't even think about the fact that they are receiving illegal income. They work without registration or receive part of their payment in envelopes, but do not understand that part of their income is hidden. For most employees, it does not matter that the amount of their actual income according to documents is less than their real earnings. Employees pay attention to ensuring that money arrives on time, without delays.

The official salary is calculated either according to the report card or according to the standards met. An employee should not register for a salary less than the minimum wage established by the state.

Salary structure

• Salary. For the calculation of which, the actual time worked according to the time sheet, or the standards actually fulfilled, are taken into account.
• Bonus (for length of service, qualifications, length of service, rank or others).
• Additional payments for work on weekends, for night work, for replacing an absent employee and others.
• Incentive payments, including bonuses.
• The regional coefficient established in a specific region.

When an employee is on sick leave, he is paid temporary disability benefits. When on a business trip, business trips. And when you go on vacation, you are paid vacation pay.

Features of employment

When hiring an employee, a hiring order must be issued. An employment contract is another fundamental document that describes the position, working conditions, rest, and the amount of remuneration for the duties performed.

You need to familiarize yourself with the following internal documents of the organization:

1. Collective agreement.
2. Regulations on bonuses.
3. Inner order rules.
4. Job descriptions.
5. Taxes and salaries.

You need to understand the difference between accrued and paid wages. The difference between them is the withheld personal income tax (personal income tax), trade union dues, alimony and other deductions under the writ of execution.

Additionally, the employer pays mandatory contributions to the following extra-budgetary funds from all accrued employee income:

1. Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (PFR).
2. Compulsory Health Insurance Fund (MHIF).
3. Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation (FSS).

Illegal types of wages

On the territory of the Russian Federation there is only one type of remuneration - official wages in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In common parlance, such earnings are called white wages. No other types of remuneration are legal; there are no legal concepts of black or gray wages.

Black salary

An employment contract is not concluded with the employee, no hiring order is made, and there is no documentation of the person in the organization. Such an employee receives his salary in cash in an envelope.

Obvious disadvantages of illegal sources of income:

• Lack of legal protection for employees.
• No tax transfers.
• Inability to officially go on vacation, sick leave or maternity leave.

The employee does not have any length of service and does not make any contributions to the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, the Pension Fund, or the Social Insurance Fund. In case of illness or dismissal, the employer often does not make the required payments. When the time comes to receive your pension, payments will be minimal.

The only advantage of such a source is the higher amount of illegal income. This option is convenient for business areas with a regular turnover of cash, which later goes to pay earnings.

This method is also convenient for real estate organizations. Only a few people register with such companies, and the rest receive only a percentage of sales.

Gray salary

Partially the official salary is called gray. At the same time, employees are registered on the minimum wage. It is from this amount that the employer pays all taxes. Sometimes an employee is assigned to a position with a lower salary. The remainder is paid in an envelope.

This scheme allows the employer to reduce tax costs and allows for an increase in wages. However, sick leave, maternity leave, and vacation leave are, as a rule, calculated according to the minimum wage and their size is minimal. There is a high probability that after maternity leave the employer will offer to resign, and if you disagree, he will leave only the white part of the salary.

Another disadvantage of partially illegal earnings is that the employer regulates the amount in the envelope independently and can establish various fines and illegal deductions.

Scheme of illegal salaries disguised as dividends

Another way to pay salaries is through a scheme that includes a minimum salary and dividends. Each employee is given the opportunity to purchase shares of the organization, which he must sell upon dismissal.

These conditions are specified in the employment contract. A smaller part of the salary is processed and paid on time. The employee periodically receives most of the income in the form of dividends, which in fact make up the majority of his earnings.

Taxes are transferred only from the minimum wage. The frequency of dividends is not monthly, but quarterly. In this scheme, dividends are a good cover for illegal income. To identify this scheme, all employment contracts, minutes and documents of shareholder meetings, employee shares and the amount of payments are reconciled.

What does the employer risk?

Often, the employer is calm and confident that employees will not complain, since they will not be able to prove anything without official documents. However, illegal schemes are detected quite easily. To do this, an unscheduled inspection is carried out and the number of employees in the workplace and in the staffing table is simply compared.

Employee complaints to inspection bodies and witness testimony can help identify this scheme. Illegal payment of labor and tax evasion threatens the employer with heavy fines and even criminal liability.

Advantages and disadvantages of official earnings for an employee

• The main advantage is the social security of the employee. If there is a violation of labor obligations, you can file a complaint with the regulatory authorities.
• Registration of employees and payment of white wages is a sign of a stable organization.
• Taxes are charged on all earnings. In the future, the amount of pension payments will be calculated from these taxes transferred to the Pension Fund.
• Temporary disability benefits and vacation pay are calculated based on total earnings.
• When you go on parental leave, it will be easier to return to your position while maintaining your salary, since the registration is official.
  You can confirm your income with a certificate; this is sometimes necessary to obtain a mortgage or loan.
• The salary is fixed; the employer does not have the right to reduce it at will.
• If an employee is dismissed, the employer must pay all due payments.
• You can return part of your personal income tax from the budget using tax deductions. This is beneficial if you buy an apartment or house with a mortgage.

The disadvantages are not so obvious, but they still exist.

• Official income is usually less than illegal income. Because the employer reduces part of its expenses by cutting salaries.
• Most vacancies in private business are offered with illegal earnings, so it is more difficult to find a job with an official salary.
• Alimony and debts under writs of execution are withheld from official earnings; illegal income is easier to hide. In this regard, when registering an employee, the full amount will be deducted from the salary.

Advantages and disadvantages of a white salary for an employer

• The obvious disadvantage is the cost of taxes.
• Complex accounting reporting.
• Inability to fire an unsuitable employee, since according to the Labor Code this is difficult to do.

There are much fewer advantages for the employer:

• No liability for illegal wages and tax evasion.
• Good reputation and stability of the organization.
• Accounting transparency.

How to check whether an employee’s payment is official?

If an employee has doubts about whether he has official income, this can be checked as follows. You need to register in your personal account on the website of the Federal Tax Service and download the 2-NDFL certificate there. Organizations are required to submit these certificates annually by name. Having received a similar one in accounting, you can compare income by month.

Despite the obvious advantages of the white salary, most employers and employees settle on the gray version. When making such a choice, you need to weigh all the risks, since employees often lose more than they gain. It must be borne in mind that if the salary is illegal, the employer may delay its payment for an indefinite period, pay it not in full, or not pay it at all.

Non-state pension fund (NPF) Raiffeisen has been sold. The buyer, as market participants had previously assumed, was the Bin group of Mikail Shishkhanov. Raiffeisenbank is getting rid of non-core assets, and Bin, on the contrary, is expanding its presence in the pension market. Control over NPF Raiffeisen will allow Bean to increase pension assets to 134 billion rubles. and gain access to Raiffeisenbank's client base.

NPF Raiffeisen has changed its owner. As Kommersant previously assumed (see Kommersant on May 20), the NPF will now be controlled by the Bin group of Mikail Shishkhanov. “Raiffeisenbank and the Bin group have reached an agreement on the sale of the non-state pension fund Raiffeisen, having signed a set of binding documents for the transaction,” the press service of Binbank reported today. As part of the purchase and sale agreement, Raiffeisenbank will transfer all shares of NPF Raiffeisen to the ownership of the Bean group. At the same time, Raiffeisenbank will continue to serve the fund’s clients in its branches, and will also act as an agent for the sale of compulsory pension insurance contracts for the fund in the future.

NPF Raiffeisen has been operating since 2004. As of March 31, the volume of its assets, according to the Central Bank, amounted to 20 billion rubles, but since the fund entered the guarantee system before March 1, at the end of April it received another 11.6 billion rubles. savings of 87 thousand clients attracted in 2013–2014. As of May 31, 2015, assets under management of NPF Raiffeisen amounted to RUB 33.6 billion.

“Raiffeisenbank entered the Russian pension market in 2004 as part of the financial supermarket concept, supporting and developing its pension project for ten years. We consider this experience very successful,” notes Sergei Monin, Chairman of the Board of Raiffeisenbank. At the same time, according to him, players are now consolidating and consolidating in the pension market, and the bank prefers to focus on developing its key business, that is, banking products for corporate and retail clients. “The Bin Group sees its strategic goal as increasing its own presence in the non-state pension market. We value the trust placed in us and guarantee the fulfillment of all obligations to the clients of the acquired fund,” emphasizes the main shareholder of the Bin group, Mikail Shishkhanov.

The Bin group continues to systematically expand its presence in the pension market; it already controls four non-state pension funds (European Pension Fund, Doverie, Education and Science and Regionfond), or assets worth more than 100 billion rubles. The number of clients under compulsory pension insurance of these non-state pension funds exceeds 2 million people. The purchase of NPF Raiffeisen will increase the assets of the group of funds to 134 billion rubles, and the client base by almost 200 thousand, to 2.2 million people. “Raiffeisen’s clients have a high average score, this is a fund with a good reputation. In addition, this is access to the client base of the bank itself, since the fund attracted clients through the banking sales channel,” recalls a top manager of a non-state pension fund from the top 15.

Within the framework of current legislation, the parties will submit a request for approval of the transaction to the Federal Antimonopoly Service and the Bank of Russia. The transaction is planned to be closed immediately after receiving the necessary regulatory approvals. The transaction amount was not disclosed by the parties, however, according to market participants, it could amount to 15–20% of the assets of NPF Raiffeisen, that is, 4.5–6.5 billion rubles.

NPF Raiffeisen is an opportunity to capitalize your savings. More and more Russian citizens are trusting their pension savings to the non-state sector.

People understand that here their savings have a better chance of remaining safe, and even increase with successful investments.

Among organizations involved in the provision of pensions, non-state pension funds are clearly in the lead.

Raiffeisen cares about preserving the pension savings that clients have entrusted to them.

The founder of this fund is ZAO Raiffeisenbank. It has been operating in the Russian Federation since 1996 and has long been one of the top ten popular banks in the Russian Federation.

This is one of the fastest growing PFs in Russia. He works successfully in pension provision and continues to prove his reliability.

Its reliability is noted as “very high” by such reputable rating agencies as “Expert RA” and “National Rating Agency”. The National Rating Agency awarded him 21st place for 2012.

Indicators

• The total contribution of the founders of the non-state pension fund is more than 513 million rubles, which is approximately seventeen times the required minimum contribution, which must be at least thirty million rubles.
• The number of people who entrusted their savings to this fund (insured persons) reached more than 127 thousand. This number places it on the 25th step of the ranking, based on a comparison of the number of people insured in various non-state pension funds.
• The volume of pension savings amounts to more than 119 billion rubles and allows the fund to take fourteenth position in the ranking. With so much savings, just 127,000 insured people seems too small a number. This is explained by the fact that the fund ranks third among all non-state pension funds in terms of the amount of the minimum savings account, the volume of which is more than 106 thousand rubles.
• The value of the fund’s own property reaches more than fifteen billion rubles and brings it to the twentieth step of the ranking.

NPF Raiffeisen is engaged in investing pension funds. Among the objects of investment of pension reserves are accounts with credit institutions, securities owned by the Russian Federation and its constituent entities, bonds and shares of Russian issuers, securities of other states and organizations, and others.

NPF Raiffeisen or Safmar operates and conducts financial activities with the support of the credit institution Raiffeisen. Let us remind you that this bank is foreign and has external support. The company operates on the basis of compulsory pension insurance in the Russian Federation and has non-state pension assets.

The bank is currently one of the top 50 reliable and richest credit companies in the country. The bulk of the assets are located in Russia, despite the fact that the institution is partly foreign.

Profitability rating

The joint stock company non-state pension fund Safmar Raiffeisenbank in 2016 acquired several institutions, which notified their assets almost doubled. These companies were the European Non-State Pension Fund, a fund with investments in science and education, as well as the Regionfond.

This merger made this fund the largest in the country today in terms of assets. Every year the fund brings billions of rubles into its treasury, which makes Safmar reliable and durable.

Many experts argue that this joint-stock company will operate for many centuries due to the competent management of Mikail Osmanovich Shishkhanov and the general director, Mikhail Vasilyevich Manchurak. The national rating agency NRA did not participate in the assessment.

Unfortunately, the profitability rating is only available for 2016. I hope this year the company will make publicly available papers and documents confirming their words about their successes over the past 2 years. For 2016, the yield was 3.6%.

Statistics

Statistics are provided every two years and allow the public to evaluate the results of work over several years at once. The figures presented in the table below were provided in 2016.

At the moment, this fund ranks 4th in terms of the number of pension savings, which gives a high level of reliability both from investors and from new and old clients. Investment activity and the special depository are at a high level and can compete with large national funds of the country.

Personal Area

Since November 25, 2005, applications for a transfer from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to a non-state pension fund or management company can be submitted at all regional branches of Raiffeisenbank. We remind you that from October 10, 2005, applications for transfer are accepted at all bank branches in Moscow. Applications will be accepted until December 31, 2005.

The bank will certify the authenticity of the personal signature of the insured person and send applications to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

According to the signed Agreement on mutual certification of signatures, ZAO Raiffeisenbank Austria received the right to certify applications of the insured person for the choice of an investment portfolio (management company) and for the transfer from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to a non-state pension fund that carries out compulsory pension insurance as an insurer, including NPF "Raiffeisen" Before signing this Agreement, in order to transfer from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to a non-state pension fund or management company, it was necessary to first have the application certified by a notary.

In 2004, ZAO Raiffeisenbank Austria also acted as a transfer agent bank for certifying the signatures of insured persons on applications for transfer to a non-state pension fund/selection of a management company. When preparing documents, the Bank independently notified the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation of accepted applications.

ZAO Raiffeisenbank Austria is a universal bank whose activities are equally focused on commercial, retail and investment banking. The bank has been operating in Russia since 1996, offering a wide range of services to both corporate and private clients. ZAO Raiffeisenbank Austria is a co-founder of Raiffeisen-Leasing LLC, the founder of Raiffeisen Capital Management Company LLC and the sole founder of the Raiffeisen Non-State Pension Fund.

ZAO Raiffeisenbank Austria is a subsidiary of Raiffeisen International Bank-Holding AG (Raiffeisen International), a holding company that manages 15 subsidiary banks and 14 leasing companies with more than 970 branches in Central and Eastern Europe. Raiffeisen International is a fully consolidated subsidiary of Raiffeisen Zentralbank Austria AG (RZB-Austria), which owns 70 percent of the holding's ordinary shares, the remaining 30 percent of the shares are in free float, including shares of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). , owning a total of 6 percent of the shares. Raiffeisen International's shares are traded on the Vienna Stock Exchange. RZB-Austria, the parent bank of the Raiffeisen Group, is one of the leading banks in Austria as well as in Central and Eastern Europe.