Yasyreva Anastasia

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Slides captions:

"…To me
happiness in the girls fell out:
We had a good
Non-drinking family.
For father, for mother,
Like Christ in the bosom,
I lived
well done…”
"…Yes
no matter how I run them
And the betrothed turned up,
On the mountain - a stranger!
Philip Korchagin -
Petersburger
,
By skill
baker…”
Life before marriage
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Rus'
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
"WITH
big gray mane,
Tea, not cut for twenty years,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially from the forest
Bending down, he left.
Grandpa has an arched back, -
At first I was afraid
Like in a low hill
He entered. well straighten out?
will punch a hole
bear
In the light of the head
!»
Savely - branded
but not a slave!
"Family
was the biggest
Grumpy... I got it
From girlish holi to hell
!»
Life in a new family

Slides captions:

"How
written was
Demushka

Beauty
taken from
sunshine...
Whole
anger from the soul, my handsome
Driven away with an angelic smile,
Like the spring sun
Drives snow from the fields
...»
Birth of a child
Death
Demushki
His
death was too hard for her.
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Rus'
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
“
Keys to women's happiness
,
From
our free will
Abandoned
, lost
At
God himself!”
Life of Matrena Timofeevna
is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.
Love to
children, to your family
- this is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything, just to protect her
kids and her husband.

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The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”)

The image of a simple Russian peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly bright and realistic. In this image, Nekrasov combined all the features and qualities characteristic of Russian peasant women. And the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways similar to the fate of other women.

Matrena Timofeevna was born in peasant family. The very first years of life were truly happy. All her life, Matryona Timofeevna remembers this carefree time, when she was surrounded by the love and care of her parents. But peasant children grow up very quickly. Therefore, as soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything. Gradually, the games were forgotten, there was less and less time left for them, hard peasant work took the first place. But youth still takes its toll, and even after a hard day's work, the girl found time to relax.

Matrena Timofeevna recalls her youth. She was pretty, hardworking, active. It's no wonder the boys were looking at her. And then the betrothed appeared, for whom the parents give Matrena Timofeevna in marriage. Marriage means that now the free and free life of the girl is over. Now she will live in a strange family, where she will not be treated in the best way.

Matrena Timofeevna shares her sad thoughts. She did not want to change her free life in her parents' house for life in a strange, unfamiliar family.

From the very first days in her husband's house, Matrena Timofeevna realized how hard it would be for her now. Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sister-in-law were very difficult, in the new family Matryona had to work hard, and at the same time no one said a kind word to her. However, even in such a difficult life that the peasant woman had, there were simple and simple joys. The relationship between Matryona Timofeevna and her husband did not always develop smoothly. A husband has the right to beat his wife if something does not suit him in her behavior. And no one will stand up for the poor thing, on the contrary, all relatives in the husband's family will only be happy to look at her suffering.

Such was the life of Matrena Timofeevna after marriage. The days dragged on monotonous, gray, surprisingly similar to each other: hard work, quarrels and reproaches from relatives. But a peasant woman has truly angelic patience, therefore, without complaining, she endures all the hardships that have fallen to her lot. The birth of a child is the event that turns her whole life upside down. Now the woman is not so embittered at the whole wide world, love for the baby warms and pleases her.

The joy of a peasant woman from the birth of her son did not last long. Work in the field requires a lot of effort and time, and then there is a baby in her arms. At first, Matrena Timofeevna took the child with her into the field. But then the mother-in-law began to reproach her, because it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And poor Matryona had to leave the baby with grandfather Savely. Once the old man overlooked - and the child died.

The death of a child is a terrible tragedy. But peasants have to put up with the fact that very often their children die. However, this is Matryona's first child, so his death turned out to be too difficult a test for her. And then there is an additional misfortune - the police come to the village, the doctor and the camp officer accuse Matryona of having killed the child in collusion with the former convict grandfather Saveliy. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to do an autopsy in order to bury the child without desecration of the body But no one listens to the peasant woman. She almost goes crazy from everything that happened.

All the hardships of a difficult peasant life, the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year. And she continues to live, raise her children, do hard work. Love for children is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by an episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for an offense.

Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

“Guardian of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

Approximately punish!”

Why did Matrena Timofeevna suffer punishment? For his boundless love for his children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of others. Readiness for self-sacrifice is also manifested in the way Matryona rushes to seek salvation for her husband from recruitment. She manages to get to the place and ask for help from the governor, who really helps Philip free himself from recruitment.

Matrena Timofeevna is still young, but she has already had to endure a lot, a lot. She had to endure the death of a child, a time of hunger, reproaches and beatings. She herself says what the holy wanderer told her:

“The keys to female happiness,

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!”

Indeed, a peasant woman can by no means be called happy. All the difficulties and difficult trials that fall on her lot can break and lead a person to death, not only spiritual, but also physical. Very often this is exactly what happens. The life of a simple peasant woman is rarely long, very often women die in the prime of life. It is not easy to read the lines that tell about the life of Matryona Timofeevna. Nevertheless, one cannot help but admire the spiritual strength of this woman, who endured so many trials and was not broken.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. The woman appears at the same time strong, hardy, patient and gentle, loving, caring. She has to cope on her own with the difficulties and troubles that fall to the lot of her family, Matryona Timofeevna does not see help from anyone.

But, despite all the tragic that a woman has to endure, Matrena Timofeevna causes genuine admiration. After all, she finds the strength in herself to live, work, continues to enjoy those modest joys that from time to time fall to her lot. And let her honestly admit that she cannot be called happy in any way, she does not fall into the sin of despondency for a minute, she continues to live.

The life of Matrena Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

Slides captions:

"Not
everything between men
Find a happy
Let's feel the woman
!»
“...
we don't like that
And there is in the village of Klin:
Holmogory cow,
Not a woman!
wiser
And more ironically - there is no woman.
Ask Korchagina
Matryona Timofeevna,
She is the Governor
...»
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Rus'
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
"It's not your business!
Now it's time for work
Leisure to interpret
?..
At
an ear is pouring down on us,
Not enough hands, dear."
"And what are we, godfather?
Come on sickles! All seven
How will we become tomorrow - by evening
We will burn all your rye
!...
A
give us your soul!"
"I won't hide anything!"
"Matryona
Timofeevna
portly
woman,
Wide
And
dense
Years
thirty
axles
.
beautiful
; gray hair,
Eyes
big, strict
Eyelashes
the richest
Surov
and swarthy
.
On
her shirt
white,
Yes
sundress short
,
Yes
sickle through
shoulder."
The appearance of the heroine

Basically, in the poem, the life stories of peasants appear in short story fellow villagers, strangers. But one fate unfolds before the reader in detail. This is the story of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, told in the first person.

♦ Why is the focus of the author studying the movement folk life, turned out to be the fate of a Russian woman, a peasant woman?

The reason is Nekrasov's worldview. For the poet, a woman - mother, sister, friend - is the center of national life. Her fate is the embodiment of fate native land. Already in the portrait of the heroine, the natural majesty, beauty that does not disappear over the years, is emphasized: “a portly woman”, “big, strict eyes, richest eyelashes” and the severity, severity, and strength of the whole appearance of a peasant woman.

Matryona Timofeevna is called the lucky one. She herself, having heard about this, “Not that she was surprised ... / But somehow she began to spin.” Has the people justly given her such a nickname? Let's figure it out.

1. The youth of the heroine. Marriage.

The marriage of the heroine is successful by all standards: the family is prosperous; loving, not angry, not sick and not an old husband. But you can't call this life happy. Not an external enemy, but a harsh life, a cruel family way of life, deprive the peasant woman of joy. Gradually, Nekrasov reveals the connection of this way of life with the general structure of the country. Among slaves, a young woman has nowhere to seek protection. Even in her family, she cannot hide from the harassment of the lord's steward. Of all the slaves, she is the last, the most disenfranchised.

2. The death of the firstborn.

Not grandfather Savely, not an evil mother-in-law doom Dyomushka to death, but all the same slave labor, forcing a female worker to leave a baby under the care of a hundred-year-old man. Intuitively understanding this, the mother forgives Savely the death of her son, shares his grief with him. The strength of her faith, the depth of feelings contrast with the callousness and greed of officials.

3. Fedotushka's fault.

Nekrasov does not idealize the peasant community. Hardened by need and hard work, people cannot appreciate the spiritual impulse of a child who is imbued with pity for a starving she-wolf. Mother, saving Fedotushka from punishment, saves not only his health, but also the sensitive, kind soul of the boy. Maternal sacrifice preserves in the son a man, not a slave. Not pain, but a cruel insult many years later, Matryona Timofeevna remembers. And again, the unrequited insult is sung, cried out by her in a song.

4. Hard year. Governor.

Behind the endless patience, humble obedience of Matryona Timofeevna, strength of character, determination and strong will are hidden. For the sake of the children, so that they do not become the downtrodden and defenseless sons of a soldier, she goes to save her husband from recruitment. The intervention of the governor's wife seems like a wonderful gift of fate. But the main merit belongs to Matryona Timofeevna. The reward is the return of the husband, the respect of the family, the status of the mistress of the house. But these awards cannot erase the experienced torments from memory and heart. And new sorrows await the peasant woman: “... A grove of children... Is it for joy? .. / Five sons! Peasant / Orders are endless - / Already they took one!

The story about the fate of a peasant woman is full of bitterness. The fate of the "lucky" turns out to be a story of endless misfortunes. But still, let's think again why they single out, consider Matryona Korchagina happy.

Let us ask ourselves the question: did fate manage to break the peasant woman? Did Matryona Timofeevna become a slave in the midst of universal slavery?

The author convincingly shows that the peasant woman is not broken by worldly storms. They tempered the harsh beauty of her mighty soul. Matryona Timofeevna is not a slave, but the mistress of her own destiny. Its strength is manifested not in violent prowess, not in revelry, not in a brief heroic impulse, but in the daily struggle with the hardships of life, in patient and persistent life-building.

Near Matryona Timofeevna even the "hero of the Holy Russian" grandfather Savely seems weak. The author's attitude to this hero is ambivalent, it combines admiration and a sad smile. Savely's heroism is not that useless, but unpromising. It is not given to him to influence the future, just as it is not given to save Dyomushka. The rebellious impulse of the Kora peasants, who buried the German Vogel alive, does not solve the problems of Russian life, but is redeemed at a too high price. “Unbearable - the abyss! / To endure is an abyss ... ”- this is exactly what grandfather knows, but how to determine the limit of patience, he does not know. With his awkward heroism, Savely is thrown out of worldly life, deprived of his place in it. Therefore, his strength turns into weakness. That's why the old man reproaches himself:

Where are you, power, gone?

What were you good for?

Under rods, under sticks

Gone little by little!

And yet, against the background of many peasant images, grandfather Savely stands out for his clarity and strength of mind, integrity of nature, and freedom of spirit. He, like Matrena Timofeevna, does not become a slave to the end, he builds his own destiny.

So, using the example of these two characters, the author convinces us of the inexhaustibility of the moral strength and vitality of the people, which serves as a guarantee of their future happiness.

Used book materials: Yu.V. Lebedev, A.N. Romanova. Literature. Grade 10. Lesson developments. - M.: 2014

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Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" contains a key moment in the search by seven male peasants for people whose life would be happy. One day they meet a certain peasant woman - Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, who tells them her sad life story.

Age and appearance

At the time of the story, Matryona is 38 years old, but the woman herself considers herself an old woman. Matryona pretty beautiful woman: she is portly and dense, her face has already noticeably faded, but still retains traces of attractiveness and beauty. She had large, clear and stern eyes. They were framed by beautiful thick eyelashes.

Her hair was already noticeably touched by gray hair, but you could still recognize her hair color. Her skin was dark and rough. Matryona's clothes are similar to the clothes of all peasants - they are simple and neat. Traditionally, her wardrobe consists of a white shirt and a short sundress.

Personality characteristic

Matryona has considerable strength, "Khokhloma cow" - this is the author's description of her. She is a hardworking woman. Their family has a large household, which is mainly taken care of by Matryona. She is not deprived of both intelligence and ingenuity. A woman can clearly and clearly express her opinion on a particular issue, sensibly assess the situation and make the right decision. She is an honest woman - and she teaches her children the same.

All her life after marriage, Matrena had to endure humiliation and various difficulties in her work, but she did not lose the main qualities of character, retaining her desire for freedom, but at the same time she brought up impudence and harshness.
The life of a woman was very difficult. Matrena spent a lot of energy and health working for her husband's family. She steadfastly endured all the sorrows and unfair treatment of herself and her children and did not grumble, over time her situation improved, but it was no longer possible to restore her lost health.

Not only physical health suffered from life's litigation - during this time, Korchagina cried a lot of tears, as she herself says, "you can score three lakes." Ironically, she calls them the unthinkable wealth of all life.

On our website you can read in the poem by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”

Religion and true faith in God allowed Matryona not to go crazy - according to the woman herself, she finds solace in prayer, the more she indulges in this occupation, the easier it becomes for her.

One day, the governor's wife helped Matryona solve her difficulties in life, so people, remembering this case, Matryona in the common people began to call her "governor's wife" too.

Matrona's life before marriage

Matryona was lucky with her parents - they were good and decent people. Her father did not drink and was an exemplary family man, her mother always took care of the comfort and well-being of all family members. Her parents protected her from the hardships of fate and tried to make her daughter's life as simple and better as possible. Matryona herself says that she "lived like Christ in her bosom."

Marriage and first sorrows

However, the time has come and, like all adult girls, she had to leave her father's house. One day, a visiting man, a stove-maker by profession, approached her. Matryona, he seemed cute and a good man and she agreed to become his wife. According to tradition, after marriage, the girl moved to live in the house of her husband's parents. This happened in the situation of Matryona, but here the first disappointments and sorrows awaited the young girl - her relatives accepted her very negatively and hostilely. Matryona was very homesick for her parents and for her former life, but she had no way back.

The husband's family turned out to be large, but not friendly - since they did not know how to treat each other kindly, Matryona was no exception for them: she was never praised for a job well done, but always found fault and scolded. The girl had no choice but to endure humiliation and rude attitude towards herself.

Matrena was the first worker in the family - she had to get up earlier than everyone else and go to bed later than everyone else. However, no one felt gratitude towards her and did not appreciate her work.

Relationship with husband

It is not known how husband Philip perceived the current unfavorable situation within his new Matrenin family - it is likely that due to the fact that he grew up in such conditions, this state of affairs was normal for him.

Dear readers! We offer you to get acquainted with which came out from the pen of the talented classical poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov.

On the whole, Matrena considers him a good husband, but at the same time harbors a grudge against him - once he hit her. It is likely that such a characterization of their relationship by Matryona was very subjective and she considers the significance of her husband from the position - it can be even worse, so my husband is very good against the background of such absolutely bad husbands.

Children of Matryona

The appearance of children with a new family was not long in coming - on the Kazan Matryona she gives birth to her first child - her son Demushka. One day, the boy remains under the supervision of his grandfather, who treated the task entrusted to him in bad faith - as a result, the boy was bitten by pigs. This brought a lot of grief to Matrena's life, because the boy for her became a ray of light in her unsightly life. However, the woman did not remain childless - she still had 5 sons. The names of the elders are mentioned in the poem - Fedot and Liodor. The husband's family was also not happy and not friendly towards Matryona's children - they often beat the kids and scolded them.

New changes

The hardships of Matrena's life did not end there - three years after marriage, her parents died - the woman was very painfully experiencing this loss. Soon her life began to improve. The mother-in-law died and she became a full-fledged mistress of the house. Unfortunately, Matryona failed to find happiness - by that time her children had become old enough to be taken into the army, so new sorrows appeared in her life.

Thus, Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina in Nekrasov's poem has become a collective symbol of a typical peasant woman who will endure everything and endure everything on her hump. Despite such industriousness and fury at work, Matryona did not become happy - those around her, in particular her closest relatives, are meticulous and unfair to her - they do not appreciate her work and do not realize her feat in relation to them. This state of affairs does not escape the woman, but her patience and optimism know no bounds.

In the work of N.A. Nekrasov, many works are devoted to a simple Russian woman. The fate of a Russian woman has always worried Nekrasov. In many of his poems and poems, he speaks of her plight. Starting with the early poem “On the Road” and ending with the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, Nekrasov spoke about the “female share”, about the dedication of the Russian peasant woman, about her spiritual beauty. In the poem “In full swing the village suffering”, written shortly after the reform, a true reflection of the inhuman hard work of a young peasant mother is given:

Share you! - Russian woman's share!

Hardly harder to find...

Talking about the hard lot of the Russian peasant woman, Nekrasov often in her image embodied high ideas about the spiritual power of the Russian people, about their physical beauty:

There are women in Russian villages

With calm gravity of faces,

With beautiful strength in movements,

With a gait, with the eyes of queens.

In the works of Nekrasov, the image of a “majestic Slav” appears, pure in heart, bright in mind, strong in spirit. This is Daria from the poem "Frost, Red Nose", and ordinary girl from Troika. This is Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina from the poem "Who in Rus' should live well."

The image of Matrena Timofeevna, as it were, completes and unites the group of images of peasant women in Nekrasov's work. The poem recreates the type of the “dignified Slav”, a peasant woman of the Central Russian strip, endowed with restrained and strict beauty:

stubborn woman,

Wide and dense

Thirty-eight years old.

Beautiful; gray hair

The eyes are large, stern,

Eyelashes are the richest

Stern and swarthy.

She, smart and strong, the poet entrusted to tell about his fate. “Peasant Woman” is the only part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, all written in the first person. Trying to answer the question of the men-truth-seekers, can she call herself happy, Matrena Timofeevna tells the story of her life. The voice of Matrena Timofeevna is the voice of the people themselves. That is why she sings more often than talks, sings folk songs. "Peasant Woman" is the most folklore part of the poem, it is almost completely built on folk poetic images and motifs. The whole life story of Matrena Timofeevna is a chain of continuous misfortunes and suffering. No wonder she says about herself: “I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart!” She is convinced: "It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women." Why? After all, there was love in the life of this woman, the joy of motherhood, the respect of others. But with her story, the heroine makes the peasants think about the question of whether this is enough for happiness and whether all those hardships and hardships that befall the Russian peasant woman will outweigh this cup:

Silent, invisible to me

The storm has passed,

Will you show her?

For me insults are mortal

Gone unpaid

And the whip passed over me!

Slowly and unhurriedly Matrena Timofeevna leads her story. She lived well and freely in her parents' house. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up with a "maiden's will to hell": a superstitious mother-in-law, a drunkard father-in-law, an older sister-in-law, for whom her daughter-in-law had to work like a slave. With her husband, she, however, was lucky. But Philip only returned from work in the winter, and the rest of the time there was no one to intercede for her, except for grandfather Savely. A consolation for a peasant woman is her first-born Demushka. But due to Savely's oversight, the child dies. Matrena Timofeevna becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child (in order to find out the cause of death, the authorities perform an autopsy of the child's corpse). For a long time she cannot forgive Savely's "sin" that he overlooked her Demushka. But the trials of Matrena Timofeevna did not end there. Her second son Fedot is growing up, then misfortune happens to him. Her eight-year-old son is facing punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Fedot took pity on her, he saw how hungry and unhappy she was, and the wolf cubs in her den were not fed:

Looking up, head up

In my eyes ... and howled suddenly!

In order to save her little son from the punishment that threatened him, Matryona herself lies under the rod instead of him.

But the most difficult trials fall on her lot in a lean year. Pregnant, with children, she herself is likened to a hungry she-wolf. A recruiting set deprives her of her last intercessor, her husband (he is taken out of turn):

… Hungry

Orphans are standing

In front of me ... Unkindly

The family looks at them

They are noisy in the house

On the street pugnacious,

Gluttons at the table...

And they began to pinch them,

Banging on the head...

Shut up, soldier mother!

Matrena Timofeevna decides to ask the governor for intercession. She runs to the city, where she tries to get to the governor, and when the porter lets her into the house for a bribe, she throws herself at the feet of the governor Elena Alexandrovna:

How do I throw

At her feet: “Stand up!

Deception, not godly

Provider and parent

They take from children!

The governor took pity on Matryona Timofeevna. The heroine returns home with her husband and newborn Liodorushka. This incident cemented her reputation as a lucky woman and the nickname "governor".

The further fate of Matrena Timofeevna is also full of troubles: one of the sons has already been taken to the soldiers, “they burned twice ... God anthrax ... visited three times.” The "Baby Parable" sums up her tragic story:

Keys to female happiness

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!

The life history of Matryona Timofeevna showed that the most difficult, unbearable conditions of life could not break a peasant woman. Harsh living conditions honed a special female character, proud and independent, accustomed to relying on his own strength everywhere and in everything. Nekrasov endows his heroine not only with beauty, but with great spiritual strength. Not resignation to fate, not stupid patience, but pain and anger are expressed in the words with which she ends the story of her life:

For me insults are mortal

Gone unpaid...

Anger accumulates in the soul of a peasant woman, but faith remains in the intercession of the Mother of God, in the power of prayer. After praying, she goes to the city to the governor to seek the truth. Saved by her own spiritual strength and will to live. Nekrasov showed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna both a readiness for self-sacrifice when she stood up for her son, and strength of character when she does not bow to formidable bosses. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is, as it were, woven from folk poetry. Lyrical and wedding folk songs, lamentations have long told about the life of a peasant woman, and Nekrasov drew from this source, creating the image of his beloved heroine.

Written about the people and for the people, the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" is close to the works of oral folk art. The verse of the poem - Nekrasov's artistic discovery - perfectly conveyed the lively speech of the people, their songs, sayings, sayings, which absorbed centuries-old wisdom, sly humor, sadness and joy. The whole poem is true folk work and therein lies its great significance.