Alekseev Fedor Yakovlevich - the first master of the urban landscape in Russian painting.
In 1766-73. studied at the Academy of Arts, first in the class of "painting flowers and fruits", then in landscape. In 1773 he received a gold medal for the program landscape and was sent to Venice for three years to paint theatrical scenery, although this did not correspond to his inclinations.
"View of the Peter and Paul Fortress and Palace Embankment"
1799.
Oil on canvas 71.5 x 109
Saint Petersburg
The following year, the artist was sent to Novorossia and the Crimea to paint views of the places that Catherine II visited in 1787. This is how the landscapes of the southern cities appear - Nikolaev, Kherson, Bakhchisaray. 
"View of the city of Nikolaev"
1799
Oil on canvas 197 x 178
Moscow
Repeating the route of the Empress, Alekseev made sketches and watercolor sketches. The pictures were painted by him after his return. The city of Nikolaev is a Little Russian city, a sea and river port, founded during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787–1791 by order of Prince G.A. Potemkin. In 1788, a shipyard was built here for the construction of ships, thanks to which the city became an important port and administrative center. The painting depicts a view of Nikolaev from the side of the Ingul River. On the banks of the river in the depths on the left is the Admiralty Cathedral, in the center the buildings of the Black Sea Admiralty Board are visible, on the right is a complex of service houses of the maritime department. Near the water there are boathouses for storing rowboats. To the left of them is a striped booth of the Moscow outpost.
"View of the city of Bakhchisarai"
1798
Canvas, oil. 197 x 178.5 cm
State Russian Museum
Saint Petersburg
Russia
"Square in Kherson"
Paper, watercolor, Italian pencil
1796 - 1797
Oil on canvas 23 x 40
State Tretyakov Gallery
Moscow
In 1800, Emperor Paul I gave Alekseev the task of painting views of Moscow. The artist became interested in old Russian architecture. He stayed in Moscow for more than a year and made a large number of sketches from nature, on which he subsequently created a series of paintings. He brought from there a number of paintings and many watercolors with views of Moscow streets, monasteries, suburbs, but mainly - various images of the Kremlin. These species are distinguished by reliability, even documentary. Moscow work attracted numerous customers to Alekseev, among whom were the noblest nobles and members of the imperial family.
"Red Square in Moscow"
1801.
Canvas, oil. 81.3 x 110.5 cm
The landscape recreates the appearance of the capital of the capital at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. The majestic monuments of medieval architecture are the main "heroes" of the picture. Many verticals - churches, bell towers, towers - are balanced by the calm horizontal format of the canvas. Such a composition likens the space of the square to a grandiose theater stage. In the center of Red Square - St. Basil's Cathedral and the Execution Ground. The Kremlin wall and the Spasskaya Tower close the right side of the picture. In the foreground on the left is the building of the Main Pharmacy, as well as shopping arcades. To the right of the tower, behind the wall, rise the domes of the Ascension Monastery, to the left you can see the tent of the Tsar's Tower. The artist not only "lists" the numerous and varied buildings of the ancient capital, but also tries to create a holistic, unified image of the city. People filling the square, as well as carefully drawn numerous and expressive details - trading shops, carriages, wagons, horses, dogs - all participate in revealing the image of the city, bringing warmth and humanity to it.
In Moscow, Alekseev is interested, first of all, in ancient architecture, the peculiar color of the city, which has evolved over the centuries. As a true classicist artist, besides a theater decorator by education, Alekseev unfolds before the audience a majestic, but very clear, easily readable scene, where ancient buildings act as the main characters, and walking Muscovites are assigned the role of extras.
The figures of people in the foreground are larger than in "View of the Stock Exchange and the Admiralty from the Peter and Paul Fortress" (1810). In their appearance and clothes, the artist notices patriarchal, still reminiscent of the traditional old Russian way of life, details and features, but from the point of view of St. Petersburg fashion, they seem archaic. Alekseev, a St. Petersburg master trained in Italy, looks at the city through the eyes of a European foreigner.
A similar attitude towards Moscow was expressed by the contemporary of the artist, the poet K.N. Batyushkov: "A strange mixture of ancient and modern architecture, poverty and wealth, European customs with Eastern customs and customs!" 
"View of the Moscow Kremlin from the Kamenny Bridge"
Canvas, oil. 63 x 103 cm
State Russian Museum
View of the Vladimir (Nikolsky) gates of Kitay-gorod. 1800s
"View of the Resurrection and Nikolsky gates and the Neglinny bridge from Tverskaya street in Moscow"
1811
Oil on canvas 78 x 110.5
State Tretyakov Gallery
Moscow
The majestic monuments of medieval Moscow architecture are the main "heroes" of Alekseev's landscape. In the foreground, the artist depicted a bridge across the Neglinka River leading to the Voskresensky (Iversky) Gates with two hipped towers and the Iverskaya Chapel between the passages. Adjacent to the gate is the building of the Main Pharmacy, which originally housed the university. On the right is the Arsenal Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Between the Resurrection Gates and the Arsenal Tower is part of the Kitaigorod wall. On the left you can see the building of the Mint. Sunlight colors the entire landscape in warm, golden tones. Looking carefully at the images of numerous citizens crowding the square, one can get an idea of the appearance of Muscovites at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Carriages, wagons, riders on horseback, dogs - all this seems to the artist important for creating the image of the capital. Gift of P.A.Buryshkin in 1917.
"Cathedral Square in the Moscow Kremlin"
Oil on canvas 81.7 x 112
State Tretyakov Gallery
Moscow
In the picture, the artist depicts Cathedral Square - the main and most ancient ensemble of the Kremlin, whose unique architectural appearance was already formed by the beginning XVI century. In the center of the composition, in the depths of the square, is the Assumption Cathedral, the main temple of the Moscow state, where Russian autocrats were crowned kings. Behind it you can see the Church of the Twelve Apostles, the Monastery of Miracles and the building of the Senate. On the right is the complex of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, which took more than a hundred years to build. The Spasskaya Tower and the Tsarskaya Tower are visible directly behind the bell tower. The heads of the Pokrovsky Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral) look out from behind the wall. In the foreground on the left is the building of the Faceted Chamber with the Red Porch, on the right is a fragment of the western facade of the Archangel Cathedral.
Illumination on Cathedral Square in honor of the coronation of Emperor Alexander I. 1802
View from the Lubyanka to the Vladimir Gates. 1800s
View of the Church of the Grebnevskaya Mother of God and the Vladimir Gates of Kitay-gorod. 1800s
View of the Church of St. Nicholas the Great Cross on Ilyinka
Ivan the Great belltower. 1800s
Moskvoretskaya street with people. 1800-1802
Feast of the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan on Red Square
"Boyarskaya platform or Bed porch and the Church of the Savior behind the golden bars in the Moscow Kremlin"
1810
Canvas, oil. 80.5 x 110.5 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery
Square in front of the Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin
View of the Orphanage. 1800s
Boyarskaya platform in the Moscow Kremlin. 1810s
View of Moscow from the Trinity Gates of the Kremlin. 1810s
View in the Kremlin on the Senate, Arsenal and Nikolsky gates
View of St. Basil's Cathedral from Moskvoretskaya Street
Strastnaya Square
Kremlin. Trinity and Kutafya towers. On the right is the Church of St. Nicholas in Sapozhok
Trinity Sergius Lavra
View of Moscow
In the 1800s Alekseev - already the head of the class of perspective painting at the Academy of Arts (since 1802) again returned to his favorite theme of St. Petersburg. But now the artist's addiction to the harmony of the integral space of paintings has been replaced by a great interest in the world of people and their lives against the backdrop of the same beautiful palaces and the wide Neva. The noise of the city seemed to appear in his works. People with their daily affairs now occupy the entire foreground of the canvases. The forms became clearer, more voluminous, heavier, the coloring became much warmer, the painting acquired a special density. These are the "Kind Promenade des Anglais from the side of Vasilyevsky Island", "View of the Admiralty and Palace Embankment from the First Cadet Corps", "View of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg", "View of the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island from the Peter and Paul Fortress"
View of the Mikhailovsky Castle and the Constable Square in St. Petersburg Around 1800
"View of the Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg from the Fontanka"
Around 1800
Canvas, oil. 156 x 185 cm
State Russian Museum
Saint Petersburg
Russia
The picture was painted in the year when the construction of the Stock Exchange building was completed, thanks to which the famous architectural ensemble of the central part of St. Petersburg was finally formed. The artist sought to present the capital of the Russian Empire as an exemplary city in which nature and the creations of human hands merged. The semantic accent in the composition is occupied by the Exchange building. An architecturally designed descent leads from it to the Neva. To the left of the Stock Exchange is a rostral column. Behind the Exchange is the building of the Twelve Colleges. The opposite bank of the Neva is built up with palaces and administrative buildings: in the depths - the old building of the Senate (formerly the house of A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin), the Admiralty with the domes of the Church of St. Isaac of Dalmatia rising from behind it. The Winter Palace is visible on the left side of the picture. On the wide water surface of the Neva, which was called the main avenue of St. Petersburg, many large and small ships glide. 
"View of the Stock Exchange and the Admiralty from the Peter and Paul Fortress"
1810
Canvas, oil. 62 x 101 cm
State Art Gallery.
Alekseev uses the classical principle in constructing the composition, juxtaposing the foreground, marked with a brown left corner and a dark cloud on the right, and a greenish-blue open space in the depths.
The Stock Exchange building is presented somewhat to the right, so that a spectacular panorama of the Neva is in the center of the composition. In the background, the Winter Palace and the Admiralty form a single ensemble with the sky and the river, as if asserting the most important idea for the Enlightenment, the idea of harmony between mind and nature.
The artist shows St. Petersburg as contemporaries saw it, as the ideal capital of an enlightened state. Poet K.N. Batyushkov wrote: “Now look at the embankment, these huge palaces are one more majestic than the other! These houses are more beautiful than each other! Look at Vasilyevsky Island, [...] decorated with a stock exchange, rostral columns and a granite embankment [...] and this part of the city is beautiful! [...] Now, from the stock exchange, with what pleasure my gaze follows along the banks and is lost in the distance between two embankments, the only ones in the world!
November 7, 1824 on the square at Bolshoi Theater. 1824
Gradually, the public forgets the aging artist. This remarkable painter, who by many years of hard work proved his right to be a landscape painter, died in great poverty, leaving a large family. The Academy was forced to give money for his funeral and allowance for the widow and small children.
Palace embankment (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.
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Palace embankment can be called one of the most beautiful and famous embankments in St. Petersburg. It is here that the world-famous sights of the Northern capital are located: the Hermitage, the Winter Palace, the Russian Museum, the House of Scientists and many others. This street offers a great view of the Spit of Vasilevsky Island and the Peter and Paul Fortress. The Palace Embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva from the Kutuzov Embankment to the Admiralteyskaya Embankment. Its length is 1300 meters.
The world-famous sights of the northern capital are located on the Palace Embankment: the Hermitage, the Winter Palace, the Russian Museum, the House of Scientists and many others. This street offers a great view of the Spit of Vasilevsky Island and the Peter and Paul Fortress.
The palace embankment began to be built up quite early - at the very beginning of the 18th century. The architectural tone of the buildings was set by the summer and winter residences of Peter I. People close to the tsar also began to build their houses on this land. In 1705 the first wooden house Admiral General Fyodor Apraksin. The building determined the red line of the street, and all other buildings began to be erected according to this line.
Palace embankment
The Palace Embankment had many names: Cash Line, Embankment Upper Stone Line, Millionnaya. It was often called Postal due to the fact that the Post Yard was located here. In 1762, the architect Rastrelli built here the royal residence - the Winter Palace. After that, the embankment, the square and the bridge, located nearby, began to be called palace. Already under Soviet rule, the street was renamed the Embankment of the Ninth of January. But in 1944, the old name was returned to her.
To transport the main part of the Alexander Column, which weighs 600 tons, they used a special pier on the Palace Embankment. Engineer Glasin has developed a special boat capable of lifting loads up to 1100 tons. In order to unload the monolith, they even built a new pier.
Gradually, the embankment became better and better: it was dressed in granite and made comfortable slopes to the river. By the way, until the middle of the 18th century, all St. Petersburg embankments were wooden. The Palace Embankment became the first stone street. Nevertheless, in the 20s of the 19th century, the area around Winter Palace remained unkempt. The construction of the General Staff building was planned here, and therefore working materials, piles of sand and boards were everywhere, as well as all kinds of warehouses and barns. Nicholas I instructed the architect Carl Rossi to put this place in order. Rossi developed a project for a beautiful descent to the Neva, decorated with Dioscuri sculptures and lions. But the emperor was not impressed by the sculptures of young men holding back horses, so they were replaced with porphyry vases. Subsequently, in connection with the construction of the Palace Bridge, the pier with lions was moved to the Admiralteyskaya embankment.
Palace Embankment has always been famous for the fact that famous and influential people lived here: the Romanov dynasty, the poet Ivan Krylov, Count Sergei Witte.
View of the Palace Embankment from the Peter and Paul Fortress
1794. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
From the corner of the Peter and Paul Fortress, against the background of the huge cold northern sky and the wide mirror-like surface of the full-flowing Neva, a majestic panorama of the Palace Embankment of St. Petersburg opens up. On the right is the Marble Palace, then the house of the Baryatinskys and the Ribas Palace; The panorama is closed by the grille of the Summer Garden. Clear poetry, harmony and noble restraint of feeling permeate the entire artistic fabric of this landscape. “Look, what unity! - wrote the poet K. Batyushkov about the embankments of St. Petersburg. How all the parts respond to the whole! What a beauty of the buildings, what a taste, and, in general, what a variety that comes from mixing water with buildings.
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Fyodor Yakovlevich Alekseev can rightfully be considered the creator of the urban landscape in Russian painting. Having mastered in Italy all the secrets of the skill of his famous contemporaries, Venetian landscape painters - Canaletto, Belotto and Guardi, the young artist returned to his homeland and was fascinated by the strict and slender beauty of St. Petersburg. He was able to feel the scale of the capital on the Neva, and this gave his canvases a special solemnity and elation.
“Portrait of the artist and teacher of the Academy of Arts Fyodor Yakovlevich Alekseev”. Terebenev M.I. 1820
The dim northern light, the high pale sky, and the humidity of the air determined the exquisite silver-blue gamut of his best landscapes. But even among his masterfully executed paintings, the landscape of the Palace Embankment from the Peter and Paul Fortress stands out for its subtlety and poetry, which does not interfere with documentary accuracy in the depiction of architecture.
Behind the wide mirror of the full-flowing Neva, along which boats and rafts silently glide, magnificent palaces lined up along the embankment and the fence of the Summer Garden that continues them.. The clarity of the lines is softened by the distance, the moisture-laden air, and their reflections in the river tremble and melt. This classic view of St. Petersburg evokes a feeling of grandeur and elegance at the same time. It came to the State Tretyakov Gallery from the collection of Alexander Sergeevich Taneyev.
“View of the Palace Embankment from the Peter and Paul Fortress” 1794. Fyodor Alekseev. Tretyakov Gallery
Painting:
Artist: Fedor Yakovlevich Alekseev (1753/55 - 1824)
Painting date: 1794
Painting dimensions: 70x108 cm
Permanently exhibited: Tretyakov Gallery. Lavrushinsky lane, 10, hall 6
“View of the Palace Embankment from the Peter and Paul Fortress” in the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery
About this painting, now in Tretyakov Gallery, the poet Konstantin Batyushkov wrote with admiration: “ Take a look now at the embankment, at these huge palaces, one more majestic than the other! On these houses one another is more beautiful! …How majestic and beautiful this part of the city is!»
Fedor Alekseev. "View of the Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg from the Fontanka". Around 1800
The foreground of the picture is occupied by the wall of the Peter and Paul Fortress. Turning to the urban landscape, Fyodor Alekseev created an ideal harmonious world in the picture. Water, air and architecture merge into a single inseparable whole. Poetry and noble restrained admiration fill the landscape. A contemporary of the artist enthusiastically wrote about "harmony and transparency, which are the main advantage of his brush."
View from the Lubyanka to the Vladimir Gates. Fyodor Alekseev Around 1800. Central Museum A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg
Academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts Fyodor Alekseev- the first master of the urban landscape in Russian painting. In lyrical paintings executed with great subtlety, he captured the austere appearance of St. Petersburg, the picturesque beauty of Moscow, and the poetry of everyday city life.
From 1803 until the end of his life, Fyodor Alekseev taught perspective painting in the landscape class of the Academy of Arts. His students were famous artists and future eminent teachers M.N. Vorobyov, F.F. Shchedrin, S.F. Shchedrin.
"Red Square in Moscow" Fyodor Alekseev. 1801. Tretyakov Gallery
Unfortunately, the end of the life of the honored master was sad. He died in poverty November 11, 1824, three days after creating his last sketch of the flood in St. Petersburg (near the Bolshoi Theater). He was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery in St. Petersburg. The Academy of Arts allocated money for the funeral and assistance to a large family.
Alekseev F.Ya.
Alekseev Fedor Yakovlevich (1753 (4?), St. Petersburg - 1824, St. Petersburg)
Painter. One of the founders of the Russian urban landscape. Born in St. Petersburg in the family of a watchman of the Academy of Sciences. He studied at the garrison school. At the request of his father, he entered the Imperial Academy of Arts (1766). While studying at the Academy in 1767, he was among the students of the class of ornamental sculpture, which was led by Louis Rolland, and then studied painting with G. Fandermint and A. Perezinotti in the class of fruits and flowers, then in the landscape class. Retired from the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice (1773–1777), where he studied with the perspectivists D. Moretti, later P. Gaspari. There he improved theater artist and landscape painter. In the 1790s made landscapes of St. Petersburg, for which he received the title of academician (1794). At the same time, Catherine II ordered Alekseev copies of paintings by A. Canaletto, B. Belotto. In 1795 he was sent to the south of Russia and the Crimea to sketch the places that Catherine II visited in 1787. Among the works of this period is "View of the city of Nikolaev", (1797-1800, Russian Museum). From 1799 painter at the Directorate of the Imperial Theaters. In 1800, at the direction of the Senate, he was sent to Moscow to paint city views. Advisor to the Imperial Academy of Arts (since 1802). He taught in the class of perspective painting at the Academy of Arts (from 1803 until the end of his life). In the 1800s–1810s created new series Petersburg landscapes, among which - "View of the Palace Embankment from the Peter and Paul Fortress" (1794, Russian Museum).
