History of creation

The story "Makar Chudra" was published in the Tiflis newspaper "Kavkaz" dated September 12, 1892. For the first time, the author signed under the pseudonym Maxim Gorky. This story begins a romantic period in the writer's work. The romantic works of M. Gorky also include: the story "The Old Woman Izergil", "The Song of the Falcon" and "The Song of the Petrel", the poem "The Girl and Death" and other works of the writer.

In one of the letters to A.P. Gorky wrote to Chekhov: “Really, the time has come for the need for the heroic: everyone wants exciting, bright, such, you know, that it doesn’t look like life, but is higher, better, more beautiful. It is imperative that today's literature begin to embellish life a little, and as soon as it begins to embellish life, that is, people will begin to live faster, brighter.

The title of the story is related to the name of the main character. Makar Chudra is an old gypsy, a thoughtful philosopher who knows the essence of life, whose camp roams the south of Russia.

Genus, genre, creative method

Cycle romantic works M. Gorky immediately attracted the attention of critics and readers with his excellent literary language, the relevance of the topic, interesting composition(inclusion in the narrative of legends and fairy tales). Romantic works are characterized by the opposition of the hero and reality. This is how the story "Makar Chudra" is constructed, the genre feature of which is "a story within a story". Makar Chudra acts not only as the main character, but also as a narrator. Such artistic technique gives the narrative greater poetry and originality, helps in more reveal ideas about the values ​​of life, the ideals of the author and the narrator. The action of the story takes place against the backdrop of a raging sea, a steppe wind, and a disturbing night. This is the atmosphere of freedom. The narrator assigns himself the role of a wise contemplator of life. Makar Chudra is a skeptic who is disappointed in people. Having lived and seen a lot, he appreciates only freedom. This is the only criterion by which Makar measures the human personality.

Subject

The theme of the writer's romantic works is the desire for freedom. Makar Chudra also talks about will and freedom. The work is based on the poetic love story of Loiko and Radda, told by Makar Chudra. The heroes of a beautiful legend cannot choose between pride, freedom and love. Passion for freedom determines their thoughts and actions. As a result, both die.

Idea

The short story contains ideas of freedom, beauty and joy of life. Makar Chudra's thoughts about life testify to the philosophical mindset of the old gypsy: “Are you yourself not life? Other people live without you and will live without you. Do you think that someone needs you? You are not bread, not a stick, and no one needs you ... ". Makar Chudra speaks of the desire for inner freedom, freedom without restrictions, since only a free person can be happy. Therefore, the wise old gypsy advises the interlocutor to go his own way, so as not to "perish. in vain." The only value on earth is freedom, it is worth living and dying for it, - this is what the heroes of this story think. This is what dictated the actions of Loiko and Radda. In the story, Gorky performed a hymn to a beautiful and strong man. The desire for a feat, the worship of strength, the glorification of freedom is reflected in the story "Makar Chudra".

The nature of the conflict

For the old gypsy, the most important thing in life is personal freedom, which he would never exchange for anything. His desire for freedom is also embodied by the heroes of the legend told by Makar Chudra. Young and beautiful Loiko Zobar and Radda love each other. But in both the desire for personal freedom is so strong that they even look at their own love as a chain that binds their independence. Each of them, declaring his love, sets his own conditions, trying to dominate. This leads to a tense conflict, ending in the death of the heroes. ,

Main heroes

In the story, one of the main characters is the old gypsy Makar Chudra. The gypsy's wisdom is revealed through the legend about Loiko and Radda, who are in love. He believes that pride and love are incompatible. Love makes you humble and submit to your loved one. Makar talks about man and freedom: “Does he know the will? The expanse of the steppe concept? Does the voice of the sea wave gladden his heart? He is a slave - as soon as he was born, and that's it! In his opinion, a person born a slave is not capable of performing a feat. Makar admires Loiko and Radca. He believes that this is how life should be perceived. real man, worthy of imitation, and that only in such a position in life can one preserve one's own freedom. As a real philosopher, he understands: it is impossible to teach a person anything if he himself does not want to learn, because "everyone learns by himself." He answers a question with a question to his interlocutor: “Can you learn how to make people happy? No you can not".

Next to Makar there is an image of the listener, on whose behalf the narration is being conducted. This hero does not take up much space in the story, but in order to understand the author's position, intent and creative method its significance is great. He is a dreamer, a romantic, feeling the beauty of the world around him. His vision of the world brings a romantic beginning, joy, boldness, an abundance of colors into the story: “A damp, cold wind blew from the sea, spreading across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splash of a wave running ashore and the rustle of coastal bushes; ... the darkness of the autumn night surrounding us shuddered and, timidly moving away, opened for a moment on the left - the boundless steppe, on the right - the endless sea ... ".

Of course, the romantic beginning lies in the heroes of a beautiful legend - young gypsies, who absorbed the spirit of a free life with their mother's milk. For Loiko, freedom, frankness and kindness are the highest value: “He loved only horses and nothing else, and even then not for long - he will ride, and he will sell, and whoever wants, take the money. He didn’t have a cherished one - you need his heart, he himself would tear it out of his chest, and he would give it to you, if only you would feel good about it. Radda is so proud that her love for Loiko cannot break her: “I have never loved anyone, Loiko, but I love you. Also, I love freedom! Will, Loiko, I love more than you. The irresolvable contradiction between Radda and Loiko - love and pride, according to Makar Chudra, can only be resolved by death. And the heroes refuse love, happiness and prefer to die in the name of will and absolute freedom.

Plot and composition

The traveler meets the old gypsy Makar Chudra on the seashore. In a conversation about freedom, the meaning of life, Makar Chudra tells a beautiful legend about the love of a young gypsy couple. Loiko Zobar and Radda love each other. But both have a desire for personal freedom above all else. This leads to a tense conflict, ending in the death of the heroes. Loiko yields to Radda, kneels in front of her in front of everyone, which is considered a terrible humiliation among the gypsies, and at the same moment kills her. And he himself dies at the hands of her father.

A feature of the composition of this story is its construction on the principle of "a story within a story": the author puts a romantic legend into the mouth of the protagonist. It helps to understand him deeper. inner world and value system. For Makar, Loiko and Rudd are the ideals of love of freedom. He is sure that two wonderful feelings, pride and love, brought to their highest expression, cannot be reconciled.

Another feature of the composition of this story is the presence of the image of the narrator. It is almost imperceptible, but the author himself is easily guessed in it.

Artistic originality

In romantic works, Gorky turns to romantic poetics. First of all, it concerns the genre. Legends and fairy tales become favorite genre writer during this period of creativity.

The palette of visual means used by the writer in the story is diverse. "Makar Chudra" is full of figurative comparisons that accurately convey the feelings and mood of the characters: "... a smile is a whole sun", "Loiko stands in the fire of a fire, as if in blood", "... she said that she threw snow at us" , “He looked like an old oak tree, burned by lightning ...”, “... staggered like a broken tree”, etc. The feature of the story is unusual shape dialogue between Makar Chudra and the narrator. Only one voice is heard in it - the voice of the protagonist, and only from the replicas of this one speaker do we guess the reaction and replies of his interlocutor: “Learn and teach, you say?” This peculiar form of phrases serves the author to make his presence in the story less noticeable.

Gorky pays great attention to the speech of his heroes. So, for example, Makar Chudra, according to the gypsy tradition, interrupts his story with an appeal to the interlocutor, calling him a falcon: “- Ege! It was, a falcon ...”, “- There he was, a falcon! ..”, “- Here she is what Radda was like, a falcon! ..”, “That's right, a falcon! ..” In circulation “falcon” we see an image close to the gypsy spirit, the image of a free and bold bird. Chudra freely modifies some of the geographical names of the places where the gypsies roamed: "Galicia" - instead of Galicia, "Slavonia" - instead of Slovakia. In his story, the word “steppe” is often repeated, since the steppe was the main place of life for the gypsies: “The girl is crying, seeing off the good fellow! A good fellow calls the girl to the steppe...”, “The night is bright, the moon flooded the whole steppe with silver...”, “Loiko barked all over the steppe...”.

The author widely uses the technique of landscape sketches. The seascape is a kind of frame for the whole storyline story. The sea is closely connected with the state of mind of the characters: at first it is calm, only a "wet, cold wind" carries "across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splash of a wave running ashore and the rustle of coastal bushes." But then it began to rain, the wind grew stronger, and the sea rumbles muffled and angrily and sings a gloomy and solemn hymn to the proud pair of handsome gypsies. In general, in nature, Gorky loves everything strong, impetuous, boundless: the boundless expanse of the sea and the steppe; a bottomless blue sky, now playful, now angry waves, a whirlwind, a thunderstorm with its rolling roar, with its sparkling brilliance.

A characteristic feature of this story is its musicality. Music accompanies the whole story about the fate of lovers. “You can’t say anything about her, this Rudd, in words. Perhaps her beauty could be played on a violin, and even then to someone who knows this violin as his soul.

The meaning of the work

The role of M. Gorky in the literature of the XX century. hard to overestimate. He was immediately noticed by JI.H. Tolstoy and A.P. Chekhov, V.G. Korolenko, endowing the young author with his friendly disposition. The value of the innovative artist was recognized by the new generation of writers, the general readership, and criticism. Gorky's works have always been at the center of controversy between supporters of different aesthetic trends. Gorky was loved by people whose names are included in the sacred list of the creators of Russian culture.

The origins of romantic works seem to be clear. What is absent in reality is sung in legends. Not certainly in that way. In them, the writer did not at all abandon his main sphere of observation - behind the contradictory human soul. The romantic hero is included in the environment of imperfect, and even cowardly, miserable people. This motive is strengthened on behalf of the storytellers whom the author listens to: the gypsy Makar Chudra, the Bessarabian Izergil, the old Tatar man, who conveys the legend "Khan and his son", the Crimean shepherd, singing "The Song of the Falcon".

The romantic hero was conceived for the first time as a savior of people from their own weakness, worthlessness, and sleepy vegetative existence. It is said about Zobar: “With such a person, you yourself become better.” That is why there are images-symbols " fiery heart”, flight, battle. Majestic in themselves, they are further enlarged by the "participation of mother nature." She decorates the world with blue sparks in memory of Danko. The real sea listens to the "lion's roar" of the legendary waves that carry the call of the Falcon.

Meeting with an unprecedented harmony of feelings and deeds calls for the comprehension of things in some new dimensions. Such is the true influence of the legendary hero on the individual. This must be remembered and not replaced by the content of Gorky's romantic works with an unequivocal call for social protest. In the images of Danko, the Falcon, as well as in the proud lovers, the young Izergil, the spiritual impulse, the thirst for beauty are embodied.

Gorky was more concerned with reflections on what a person is and what a person should become than on the real path that lies to the future. The future was depicted as a complete overcoming of primordial spiritual contradictions. “I believe,” Gorky wrote to I.E. Repin in 1899 - into the infinity of life, and I understand life as a movement towards the improvement of the spirit. It is necessary that intellect and instinct merge in harmonious harmony ... ”Life phenomena were perceived from the height of universal ideals. Therefore, apparently, Gorky said in the same letter: “... I see that I don’t belong anywhere yet, to any of our “parties”. I am glad about this, because this is freedom.

“Makar Chudra” is the first printed work of A. M. Peshkov. It appeared in the Tiflis newspaper "Kavkaz" in 1892 and was signed by a pseudonym that was destined to soon become known to the whole world - Maxim Gorky. The publication of the first story was preceded by years of the author's wanderings around Rus', to which he was driven by an indefatigable desire to know Russia, unravel the mystery of a vast destitute country, and understand the cause of the suffering of its people. The knapsack of the future writer did not always contain a loaf of bread, but there was always a thick notebook with notes about interesting events and people he met on the way. Later, these notes turned into poems and stories, many of which have not reached us.

In their early works, including in "Makar Chudra", Gorky appears before us as a romantic writer. Main character- old gypsy Makar Chudra. For him, the most important thing in life is personal freedom, which he would never exchange for anything. He believes that the peasant is a slave who was born only to pick the ground and die before he even had time to dig his own grave. His maximalist desire for freedom is also embodied by the heroes of the legend he tells. A young, beautiful gypsy couple - Loiko Zobar and Radda - love each other. But in both the desire for personal freedom is so strong that they even look at their own love as a chain that binds their independence. Each of them, declaring his love, sets his own conditions, trying to dominate. This leads to a tense conflict, ending in the death of the heroes. Loiko yields to Radda, kneels in front of her in front of everyone, which is considered a terrible humiliation among the gypsies, and at the same moment kills her. And he himself dies at the hands of her father.

A feature of the composition of this story, as already mentioned, is that the author puts a romantic legend into the mouth of the protagonist. It helps us to better understand his inner world and value system. For Makar Chudra, Loiko and Rudd are the ideals of love of freedom. He is sure that two wonderful feelings, pride and love, brought to their highest expression, cannot be reconciled. A person worthy of imitation, in his understanding, must maintain his personal freedom at the cost of his own life. Another feature of the composition of this work is the presence of the image of the narrator. It is almost imperceptible, but we can easily guess the author himself in it. He does not quite agree with his hero. We do not hear direct objections to Makar Chudra. But at the end of the story, where the narrator, looking into the darkness of the steppe, sees how Loiko Zobar and Radda “circled in the darkness of the night smoothly and silently, and the handsome Loiko could not catch up with the proud Radda”, his position is manifested. The independence and pride of these people, of course, delight and attract, but these same traits doom them to loneliness and the impossibility of happiness. They are slaves of their freedom, they are not able to sacrifice even for the people they love.

To express the feelings of the characters and his own, the author widely uses the technique of landscape sketches. The seascape is a kind of frame for the entire storyline of the story. The sea is closely connected with the state of mind of the characters: at first it is calm, only a “wet, cold wind” carries “across the steppe the thoughtful melody of the splash of a wave running ashore and the rustle of coastal bushes”. But then it began to rain, the wind grew stronger, and the sea rumbles muffled and angrily and sings a gloomy and solemn hymn to the proud pair of handsome gypsies. At all feature of this story is its musicality. Music accompanies the whole story about the fate of lovers. “You can’t say anything about her, this Rudd, in words. Perhaps her beauty could be played on a violin, and even then to those who know this violin as their soul.”

This first work of the young Gorky immediately attracted attention with its topical issues, the brightness of images and language and heralded the birth of a new, outstanding writer.

The hero of the first Gorky story "Makar Chudra" reproaches people for their slavish psychology. Slave people are contrasted in this romantic narrative by the freedom-loving natures of Loiko Zobar and the beautiful Rada. The thirst for personal freedom is so strong for them that they even look at love as a chain that binds their independence. Loiko and Rada, with their spiritual beauty and power of passion, surpass all those around them, which leads to a tense conflict, ending in the death of the heroes. The story "Makar Chudra" affirms the ideal of personal freedom.

Composition

1. Romantic stories M. Gorky.
2. Composition of the story, plot, characters, conflict.
3. Resolution of the conflict. Author's position.

You go, well, go your own way, without turning to the side. Go straight ahead. Maybe you won't die in vain. That's it, falcon!
M. Gorky

The early stories of M. Gorky are called works of romanticism of the “new stage”. In the same row are his revolutionary-romantic "Makar Chudra", "Chelkash", "Old Woman Izergil", "Song of the Falcon", "Song of the Petrel". Their bright heroes are endowed with the main feature - a passion for freedom. This determines their actions. Based on the traditions of Russian classical literature, the writer puts a special pathos into his works: romance calls to act, to fight, to go for a feat. They were relevant as propaganda on the eve of the revolution and remain relevant now, because they contain wisdom.

The years of the author's wanderings in Russia gave him a great life experience. He wrote down his impressions in a travel notebook, and many plots later entered his works. "Makar Chudra" was the first published story by M. Gorky. It was he who, published in 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper "Caucasus", was first signed with this pseudonym. The story caught my attention right away. vivid images and current issues. Gorky told a legend he had heard during the journey about people who value independence and freedom more than anything in the world.

The story is constructed in an unusual way - the author uses a frame composition, this is the so-called "story within a story". The story begins with a dialogue between the old gypsy Makara Chudra and the narrator. The character of the narrator is special here. This is a dialogue where we do not hear the words of the narrator, and we do not see him himself, there are only replies from Makara Chudra.

Gorky's heroes are the embodiment of pride and audacity, solid characters, independent of their passions, beautiful and self-confident people. Old Makar says that for him truth of life freedom. He was not born to be a slave, for him the will and expanse of the steppe are understandable, "the voice of the sea wave gladdens his heart." Makar believes that you need to live without stopping in one place and not thinking about life, so as not to stop loving it. No need to ask yourself why you live, otherwise longing will overcome. He does not understand the Russian, who advises him to live according to God's word and says that then God will give everything: why doesn't he himself ask him for new clothes to replace the torn ones? The gypsy tells the story, which "as you remember, you will be a free bird for your life." Freedom for him is the greatest value in the world.

This romantic legend helps us understand the hero's inner world and what he values. The daring little Loiko Zobar loved only horses, and then not for long - he had nothing cherished and he was not afraid of anything. This is how Makar Chudra characterizes him: “Damn me if I didn’t love him already, like myself, before he said a word to me or simply noticed that I also live in this world! Here, falcon, what kind of people there are! He will look into your eyes and fill your soul, and you are not at all ashamed of it, but also proud of you. With such a person, you yourself become better. Few, friend, such people! .. And wise, like an old man, and versed in everything, and he understood Russian and Magyar letters. It used to go to talk - a century would not sleep, listened to him! And he plays - thunder kill me, if someone else in the world played like that! He would draw a bow along the strings - and your heart would tremble, hold it again - and it would freeze, listening, and he would play and smile. And I wanted to cry and laugh at the same time, listening to him.

Beauty Rudd would not sell her freedom and pride for any money. When Zobar tells her of his love, she knocks him down with a belt whip. And then comes to him to reconcile. Here is what Radda Loiko says: “I have never loved anyone, Loiko, but I love you. Also, I love freedom! Will, Loiko, I love more than you. And I can't live without you, just as you can't live without me. So I want you to be mine, body and soul." Radda demands from the gypsy in love that he submit to her as the eldest, in full view of the whole camp. Gypsies are such a proud people that kneeling for them is like death. However, the hard-hearted Radda demands this from Loiko, promising him her love. Why is Rudd's "devil girl" behaving like this? Why is it difficult for Loiko to make his declaration of love? Heroes are freedom-loving and do not want to be subordinated to anything, even love passion. They do not recognize dependence even on a loved one, and therefore they talk about love and immediately fight for independence, for supremacy.

How do the gypsies feel about what is happening? They “even wanted to go somewhere, just not to see Loiko Zobar fall at the feet of a girl - even if this girl and Radda. I was ashamed of something, and sorry, and sad. How is the conflict resolved? What do the heroes choose? The end of the story is tragic. Loiko refuses to bow at her feet and plunges a knife into Radd, and then kneels before the dead girl. Before his death, Radda says that she knew that Loiko would do so, appreciating the fact that he did not give up his ideal for the sake of love, did not humiliate himself. Radda's father, Danilo, plunges the same knife into Loiko's back.

The landscape in the story conveys the feelings of the characters - "the sea sang a gloomy and solemn hymn to the proud pair of handsome gypsies." A seascape with a strong cold wind, the silent darkness of the steppe, autumn rain, a fire flame - these sketches look like the frame of a legend. The author says that a person will only become a fighter if he has achieved inner freedom. Gorky gives Loiko features and inclinations folk hero ready to sacrifice himself for another person or for an idea.

The story of Zobar and Radda shows that they value freedom more than life and love. Everyone puts their own impossible conditions for a loved one. According to Makar Chudra, pride and love are incompatible, and more than anything in the world, a gypsy must protect their independence, even if it can only be preserved at the cost of their own lives. The narrator leads us to the idea that pride dooms a person to loneliness. And so the heroes become hostages of their freedom.

A romantic night by the sea, a fire is burning, the old gypsy Makar Chudra tells the writer a story about free gypsies. Makar advises to beware of love, because having fallen in love, a person loses his will. This is confirmed by the story told by Chudra.

There was in the world Loiko Zobar, a young gypsy. Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovenia knew him. The horse thief was clever, many wanted to kill him. He loved only horses, he did not value money, he could give it to anyone who needed it.

In Bukovina there was a gypsy camp. Danila the soldier had a daughter, Radda, a beauty beyond words. Rudda broke many hearts. One magnate threw any money at her feet, asked to marry him, but Radda replied that the eagle had no place in a crow's nest.

Once Zobar came to the camp. He was handsome: “The mustache fell on his shoulders and mixed with curls, his eyes, like clear stars, burn, and his smile is the whole sun. It was as if he was forged from one piece of iron with a horse. He played the violin, and many cried. Radda praised Zobar's violin, he plays well. And he replied that his violin was made from the chest of a young girl, and the strings from her heart were retinue. Radda turned away, saying that people are lying when they talk about Zobar's mind. He marveled at the girl's sharp tongue.

Zobar visited Danila, went to bed, and the next morning he came out with a rag tied around his head, said that his horse had hurt him. But everyone understood that it was Radda, they thought that isn’t Loiko Radda worth it? "Well, I do not! No matter how good the girl is, but her soul is narrow and shallow, and even though you hang a pound of gold around her neck, it’s all the same, it’s better than what she is, she shouldn’t be!

The camp lived well at that time. And Loiko is with them. He was wise as an old man, and he played the violin so that his heart skipped a beat. If Loiko had wanted to, then people would have given their lives for him, they loved him so much, only Radda did not love him. And he loved her deeply. The people around looked only, they knew, "if two stones roll at each other, it is impossible to stand between them - they will mutilate."

Once Zobar sang a song, everyone liked it, only Radda laughed. Danilo wanted to teach her a lesson with a whip. But Loiko did not allow, he asked to give her to him as a wife. Danilo agreed: “Yes, take it if you can!” Loiko approached Radda and said that she had captured his heart, that he was taking her as his wife, but she should not contradict his will. "I am a free man and will live the way I want." Everyone thought that Radda had resigned herself. She wrapped her whip around Loiko's legs, pulled, and Zobar fell down as if he had been knocked down. And she moved away and lay down on the grass, smiling.

Zobar fled to the steppe, and Makar followed him, as if the guy above himself hadn’t done something in a rush. But Loiko only sat motionless for three hours, and then Radda came to him. Loiko wanted to stab her with a knife, but she put a gun to his forehead and said that she had come to put up, she loved him. And Radda also said that she loves the will more than Zobara. She promised Loiko hot caresses if he agreed to bow at her feet and kiss her in front of the whole camp. right hand like the older one. Zobar shouted at the whole steppe, but agreed to Radda's conditions.

Loiko returned to the camp and told the old people that he looked into his heart and did not see the former free life there. "One Radda lives there." And he decided to fulfill her will, to bow at her feet, to kiss her right hand. And he also said that he would check whether Radda has such a strong heart, as she boasts.

Everyone didn’t have time to guess, but he stuck a knife in her heart to the very handle. Radda pulled out the knife, plugged the wound with her hair and said that she had expected such a death. Danilo picked up the knife thrown aside by Radda, examined it and stuck it in Loiko's back, right against the heart. Radda is lying, clutching the wound with her hand, and the dying Loiko is lying at her feet.

The writer did not sleep. He looked at the sea, and it seemed that he saw the royal Raddha, and Loiko Zobar was swimming behind her. “They both circled in the darkness of the night smoothly and silently, and the handsome Loiko could not catch up with the proud Radda.”

The first printed work of Maxim Gorky was the story "Makar Chudra". An analysis of it allows us to understand that, despite his youth and inexperience, the author managed to organically depict the life of gypsies and convey the fullness of their feelings. For Gorky, wanderings through vast Russia were not in vain. The writer did not always have something to eat, but he did not part for a minute with a thick notebook in which he wrote down unusual stories, legends, some interesting events from the life of random companions.

Gypsy love story

Analysis of "Makar Chudra" shows the author of the work in the form of a romantic writer. The main character of the story is an old gypsy who is sincerely proud of his free life. He despises peasants who are already born slaves, whose mission is to dig in the ground, but at the same time they do not even have time to dig their own grave before death. The heroes of the legend told by Makar are the embodiment of the maximalist desire for freedom.

Radda and Loiko love each other, they are happy together, but they are too obsessed with personal freedom. An analysis of Makar Chudra shows that the main characters even looked at love as a hateful chain that fetters them and diminishes their independence. Confessing their love, young people set conditions for each other, while each of them strives to be the main one in a couple. Gypsies never kneel before anyone, this is considered a terrible humiliation, but Loiko yields to Radda and bows before her, immediately killing his beloved, and then he himself dies at the hands of her father.

Comparison of the value system of the gypsy and the narrator

Analysis of "Makar Chudra" shows that for the protagonist Radd and Loiko are the ideals of love of freedom. The old gypsy understands that the highest degree of pride and love cannot get along together, no matter how wonderful these feelings are. But he is sure that every person must defend his freedom, even at the cost of his own life. Gorky's story is interesting for the presence of a narrator in whose image the author himself is guessed. His influence on the work is imperceptible, but still sufficient for the writer to be able to express his own thoughts.

Gorky does not agree with all the judgments of the old gypsy. Makar Chudra (an analysis of the story shows the author's admiration for the heroes of the legend) does not receive direct objections from the narrator, but at the very end, summing up the story, the author says that young people have become slaves of their freedom. Pride and independence make people miserable and alone.

nokimi, because sometimes you still have to sacrifice your interests for the sake of relatives and loved ones.

Musicality of the story

An analysis of Makar Chudra shows how successfully the writer used the technique of landscape sketches. The frame of the whole story is the sea, which clearly expresses feelings and state of mind heroes. The work is filled with musicality, it is even said that one can only play the violin about the beauty of Radda. The story of Maxim Gorky immediately attracted attention with the brightness of images and a memorable plot.