Composition

Among the books that can excite the young, cause deep feelings and reflections not only about the hero, about the author, but also about themselves, is V. Kondratiev's story "Sasha". When Kondratiev was asked how it happened that in his middle years he suddenly took up the story of the war, he replied: “Apparently, summer has come, maturity has come, and with it a clear understanding that war is the most important thing that was in my life." He was tormented by memories, even the smells of war. At night, guys from his native platoon came into his dreams, smoked cigarettes, looked at the sky, waiting for a bomber. Kondratiev read military prose, but "in vain he searched and did not find his own war in it," although there was only one war. He understood: “Only I myself can tell about my war. And I have to tell. I won’t tell - some page of the war will remain undisclosed.

The writer revealed to us the truth about the war, which smelled of sweat and blood, although he himself believes that "Sasha" is "only a fraction of what needs to be told about the Soldier, the Victorious Soldier." Our acquaintance with Sasha begins with an episode when at night he decided to get felt boots for the company commander. “Rockets splashed into the sky, scattered there with a bluish light, and then with a spike, already extinguished, they went down to the ground torn apart by shells and mines ... Sometimes the sky was cut through by tracers, sometimes machine-gun bursts or artillery cannonade blew the silence ... As usual ...” Drawn scary picture, but it turns out that this is usually the case. War is war, and it brings only death. We see such a war from the first pages: “The villages that they took stood as if dead ... Only flocks of nasty howling mines, rustling shells flew from there, and tracer threads stretched. From the living they saw only tanks, which, counterattacking, perleyed at them, rumbling with engines, and poured machine-gun fire on them, and they rushed about on the then snow-covered field ... Well, our forty-fives yelped, drove the Fritz away. You read and see tanks-colossus that rod on small people, and they have nowhere to hide on a field white from snow. And I am glad for the “yelping” of forty-five, because they drove away death. The order instituted at the forefront speaks volumes: “It hurt - give the machine gun to the remaining one, and take your own three-ruler, sample one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one, a fraction of the thirtieth.”

Sasha regretted not knowing German. He wanted to ask the prisoner how they are “with feeding, and how many cigarettes they get a day, and why there are no interruptions with mines ... Sashka, of course, would not talk about his life and being. Nothing to brag about. And with grub it’s tight, and with ammunition ... I don’t have the strength to bury the guys, I don’t have ... After all, I can’t dig a trench for myself, alive.

Kondratiev leads his hero through tests of power, love and friendship. How did Sasha survive these tests? Sasha's company, of which 16 people are left, stumbles upon German intelligence. Desperate courage shows Sashka, capturing the "tongue" without weapons. The company commander orders Sashka to take the German to headquarters. On the way, he tells the German that their prisoners are not shot, and promises him life, but the battalion commander, having not obtained any information from the German during interrogation, orders him to be shot. Sasha disobeys orders. He is uncomfortable with almost unlimited power over another person, he realized how terrible this power over life and death can become.

Sasha developed a great sense of responsibility for everything, even for what he could not be responsible for. He is ashamed in front of the prisoner for the useless defense, for the guys who were not buried: he tried to lead the prisoner so that he would not see our killed and not yet buried soldiers. This huge responsibility for everything that happens around explains the unthinkable event in the army - disobedience to the order of a senior in rank. “... It is necessary, Sasha. You understand, it’s necessary, ”the company commander said to Sashka before ordering something, clapped him on the shoulder, and Sashka understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should. A categorical “must” in a sense can make life easier for a person. It is necessary - and nothing more: neither do, nor think, nor understand. The heroes of V. Kondratiev, especially Sashka, are attractive because, obeying this “must”, they think and act “in excess” of what is necessary: something indestructible in them makes them do it. Sasha gets boots for the company commander. The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and give the machine gun back. Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded, not relying on the fact that they themselves will find him.

Sashka captures a German and refuses to shoot him... All this "over the top" seems to be heard by Sashka in himself: don't shoot, come back, see the orderlies out! Or is it conscience speaking? “... If I hadn’t read Sasha, I would have missed something not in literature, but simply in life. Together with him, I had another friend, a person I fell in love with, ”K. Simonov assessed the importance of Kondratiev’s story in his life. And how do you rate it?

Lydia GOLOVINA

Lidia Anatolyevna GOLOVINA - teacher of the Russian language and literature of the secondary school in the village of Serdezh, Yaransky district, Kirov region.

We read the story of Vyacheslav Kondratyev "Sasha"

During the classes

introduction teachers

There are many works in the literature about the war dedicated to the feat of an ordinary soldier who bore the brunt of the war on his shoulders. In the preface to the story "Sashka", K. Simonov wrote: "This is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place and in the most difficult position - a soldier."

Writers began to appeal to the common man in the war, because they wanted to pay tribute to the thousands of soldiers who were not included in the honorary lists of heroes, who died without a trace or miraculously survived. The peculiarity of V. Kondratiev's story is that it shows not a series of battles, victories, defeats, but military life with its daily worries. Kondratiev explores the “spiritual substance” of a person who is forced to get used to a free life.

The history of the appearance of the story: the Rzhev space.

In 1981, a one-volume book of novels and stories of the writer was published, which included, in addition to "Sasha", the story "Vacation on injury", "Borka's paths", "At the hundred and fifth kilometer" and stories. In almost all stories and short stories, we are talking about the same time (the hard war of 1942) and space (it can be called "Rzhev"). Rzhev is one of the cities in the Kalinin region, for which there were many months of stubborn battles. A huge number of soldiers died in the Rzhev direction. The writer himself recalls: “I began to live some kind of strange, double life: one - in the real, the other - in the past, in the war ... Then I began to look for my Rzhev brother-soldiers - I desperately needed one of them, but no one found, and the thought fell that maybe only I survived, and if so, then all the more I should tell about everything. And the moment came when I just could not help but start writing.” This is the story behind the story.

What is the situation on the front line where Sasha is fighting?

The time of the story is the early spring of 1942. There are fierce battles. The hero of the story, who is not even called by his last name (everything is Sasha and Sasha, he is so young), has been on the “front end” for two months. On such a front end, where “just to dry, to warm up is already a considerable success”, and since the thaw, then “it’s bad with bread, no fat. Half a pot ... millet for two - and be healthy, and if it’s bad with bread, then it’s not better with shells, but the Germans beat and beat. The neutral zone between our and the German trenches is shot through and is only a thousand paces.” The narration is conducted, it seems, on behalf of the author, but at the same time it seems that the hero himself is telling. This is facilitated by the style of the story - simple, colloquial, and inversions characteristic of colloquial speech and vernacular.

How is war portrayed?

Reading the passage “And the night sailed over the front line, as usual ...” Twice it is repeated “as usual”, although we are talking about terrible things. “Sashka was already used to it, he got used to it and realized that the war was not like what they imagined in the Far East ...” The war leaves traces of destruction and death. (Read the lines about it.) The author shows military life (find in the text the conditions in which the soldiers live). The words “hut”, “trench”, “dugout” emphasize the precariousness, unreliability of the situation.

Find as many episodes in the story as you can in which with the greatest force is revealed Sasha's character . What testifies to his ability to think broadly, to compare, to understand the complexity of the situation?

There are many such episodes. This is also the scene when Sashka crawls at night to the dead neutral line to get his company commander boots from a dead German, because the lieutenant has such pima that they cannot be dried over the summer. This is not about ammunition, not about a combat mission - about felt boots, this is vital. Sashka will capture the "tongue", be wounded, refuse to shoot the German, console the seriously wounded soldier and bring the orderlies to him. The wounded Sashka will return to the company, save the ardent lieutenant Volodka from the tribunal, understand Zina, pity the romantic young girls who happily go to the front ...

These episodes reveal Sasha's personality from different sides, as if he is being tested for endurance, for humanity, for loyalty in friendship, in love, tests of power over another person.

Expressive reading episode of the capture of a German (or a retelling of the episode). What character traits are shown here? Why did he refuse to shoot the prisoner?

Sashka shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands (he had no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander). At the same time, he does not consider himself a hero at all. When Sashka leads the German to headquarters, he suddenly realizes what power he has over the enemy.
“And Sasha felt uneasy from the almost unlimited power over another person that had fallen on him.”

And he also realized that the German was just another person, the same soldier, only fooled and deceived. Sasha talks to him like a human being and tries to understand him. Before us is a kind, humane Russian soldier. The war did not crippled his soul, did not depersonalize him. Sasha is ashamed in front of the German that their defense is useless, that the dead are not buried, as if this is his personal fault.

Sashka pities the German, but it is impossible not to follow the order of the battalion commander, and Sashka is playing for time, and the author stretches their path, forcing the reader to worry: how will this end? The battalion commander is approaching, and Sasha does not lower her gaze in front of him, feeling that he is right. “And the captain turned away his eyes,” canceled his order.

Sasha and Tolik are the same age. Compare two heroes . For what purpose did the author introduce the connected Tolik into the story?

Sasha and Tolik are opposed: responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness.

Tolik's motto is “our business is calf”, he is already trying on the watch of a German who has not yet been shot, he is ready to bargain with Sasha so as not to miss the “trophy”. He does not have a “barrier, barrier” in his soul, like Sasha.

Analyze the scene in the hospital. Why does Sasha take the blame for Lieutenant Volodka?

Sasha's friendship with the lieutenant did not last long. But here, too, Sashka shows himself on the positive side: he shields a friend who could be brought under the tribunal, and he, a private, will not be sent further than the front line. Sashka, who does not look like a hero, not a dashing soldier, turns out to be stronger and bolder than a desperate lieutenant.

What aspects of Sasha's character are revealed in the relationship with Zina?

Zina is Sasha's first love. He saved her life. He often remembers her, expects a meeting. But when he finds out that they have a party in the hospital, that people can dance and have fun, he is very surprised and indignant. And when she realizes that she and the lieutenant are in love, she leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary conversations. Sasha cannot do otherwise, justice and kindness again take over.

Why did the author turn to the topic of war? How true is the image of the hero?

The author of the story was wounded near Rzhev, received the medal "For Courage"; then again the front, wound, hospital, disability. He was already over fifty when he took up the story of the war. Kondratiev began to look for former fellow soldiers, but he did not find anyone and suddenly thought, maybe he alone survived. So, he must, is obliged to tell about everything he saw, what he experienced in the war. In the spring of 1962, he drove through the places of his former front line and saw “the whole Rzhev land, dotted with craters, on which rusty, punched helmets and soldiers’ bowlers were also lying ... the unburied remains of those who fought here, maybe those whom he knew, with whom I drank zhidnyupshenka from the same pot, and it pierced me: you can only write the strict truth about this, otherwise it will be simply immoral.

Lesson Conclusions

If we keep in mind everything that Vyacheslav Kondratiev wrote, then we can say that he managed to say a new word about his generation. Sasha belongs to the generation that suffered the most in the war. Among the front-line soldiers born in 1922, 1923, 1924, three percent survived - such is the mournful statistics. Of the hundred who went to the front, only three people survived. Judging by Sasha, what wonderful guys they were!

And here's what's amazing. The situation of the trench, the front, constant danger gives Kondratiev's heroes a sense of life, which means front-line friendship, brotherhood, humanity, kindness.

And one more feature of the work of Vyacheslav Kondratiev should be noted - a pronounced interest in folk origins character. Sasha embodied the best features of the people's worldview - courage, intelligence, good spirits, endurance, humanism and greatest faith into victory.

You can complete the work by answering the following question in writing: “What character traits make Sasha related to the best heroes of works of literature of the XX (XIX) century?”

Year of Literature

SUBJECT: « LIFE IN WAR"

(Based on the novel by V. Kondratiev "Sashka")

The purpose of the lesson: Analyze the story of Kondratiev "Sasha"

Lesson objectives:

1. to reveal the specifics of the image of the war and the character of an ordinary soldier in the story of V. Kondratiev; prove main idea writer: even in inhuman conditions, a person must save his soul, not tarnish his conscience, remain a man;

2. develop a culture of reader's perception of a literary text, understanding of the author's position; figurative and analytical thinking (the ability to analyze the episode, explain its connection with the problematic of the work, the ability to compare, highlight the main thing, generalize);

3. educate a spiritually developed personality, form a humanistic worldview, national identity, a sense of patriotism.

Lesson plan:

1. Introductory speech of the teacher.

2. Messages from students.

· V. Kondratiev - writer-front-line soldier.

· Reading a poem by A. Tvardovsky "I was killed near Rzhev ...".

3. Analysis of the story.

· Artistic details that recreate the picture of the war.

Sasha as a man and a fighter.

· Three trials.

6. Summing up.

7. Homework.

War - there is no crueler word.

War - there is no sadder word.

War - there is no holier word ...

DURING THE CLASSES.

I . Introductory speech of the teacher .

The volleys of the Great Patriotic War.

But we will be arguing about this war, opening new pages in the history of this terrible war, getting acquainted with honest and talented books about it for a long time to come.

admitted that each time he picked up a new book with the same thought about the author: what kind of person are you and what new things can you tell about life?

So what kind of person is Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev? What's new about the Great Patriotic War, he told us in his story "Sasha"?

II . Student messages.

1). V. Kondratiev is a front-line writer.

Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev came to literature quite late, many years after the war, in the late 70s.

He was born in 1923. In 1939, from the first year of the institute, he joined the army, served in the Far East.

In December 1941, among the junior commanders, he was sent to the front, in 1942 he was near Rzhev, where the fighting was especially difficult, and our losses were especially numerous. We can judge the severity of those battles by the fact that at first he was an assistant platoon commander, then a platoon commander, and then he took over a company - and all this in just one week.

Then new battles, painful, unsuccessful, such as Alexander Tvardovsky wrote about in the poem "I was killed near Rzhev ...".

2). Reading an excerpt from A. Tvardovsky's poem "I was killed near Rzhev ..."(from the beginning - to the words: "... for the dead are cursed - this punishment is terrible").

Vyacheslav Kondratiev was not killed, he got wounded and the medal "For Courage". After a vacation due to a wound, the front was again, serving in the railway troops, in intelligence. At the end of the 43rd - a serious wound, six months in the hospital, and after - demobilization due to disability.

“I didn’t reach Berlin, but I did my job in the war”, - so ends the story of Konstantin Simonov about the military fate of the front-line writer Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev.

(“Good luck, Sasha” - “Friendship of Peoples”, 1979, No. 2)

Teacher:

Vyacheslav Kondratiev prefaces his story as follows: “This story is dedicated to all those who fought near Rzhev - the living and the dead”

We will talk about the story of V. Kondratiev "Sasha" today in the lesson,

III . Analysis of the story "Sasha".

1. Two months on the front line. Life of war.

QUESTION: What are the essential artistic details, paintings, facts with the help of which the author draws a true, reliable picture of the battles near Rzhev.

1) “And the night floated over the front line, as usual. Rockets splashed into the sky, scattered there with a bluish light, and then with a spike, already extinguished, they went down to the ground torn apart by shells and mines ... Sometimes the sky was cut through by tracers, sometimes silence was blown up by machine-gun bursts or distant artillery cannonade ... As usual…»

(We are talking about terrible things, a terrible picture is drawn, and for the hero all this is a normal, familiar state (“as usual”). “Sashka is already used to this, he got used to it ...”).

2) "The villages they took stood as if dead, there was no movement in them. Only flocks of nasty howling mines, rustling shells flew from there, and tracer threads stretched. From alive they only saw tanks, which, counterattacking, fired at us, rumbling with engines and pouring machine-gun fire on them, and they rushed about on the then snowy field ... Well, our forty-five yelped, drove away the Fritz.

(War is war, and it only brings death, a strange combination - "live tanks").

3) “It’s bad with bread. No Navaru. Half a pot of liquid millet for two - and be healthy.

4) “In the middle of the patch crowded them beaten-killed company near the political instructor wounded in the leg.

5) “The fact that you have to touch a dead body did not bother him - they got used to the corpses. Scattered throughout the grove ... "

6) “... how it howled overhead, it rustled, and then explosions rumbled all over the grove, and it went ... And the shelling was great - mines burst one after another, in batches, as if some hefty machine-gunner was scribbling a line ... I looked back, and it really was happening there terrible - gaps all over the forest, clods of earth are thrown up, trees uprooted are falling.

7) “Although there is nothing there - no shelters, no trenches, no cracks, only huts, - but got used to it (the grove), like a dear home ... "

8) “... felt ... a pulling sensation from the inside voids in the stomach, which took them all several times a day.

9) “Sashka himself knows that it’s bad, but he doesn’t have the strength to bury the guys, no ... After all, he can’t dig a trench for himself, alive.”

10) - “How many people did you have in your company? the captain asked.

- One hundred fifty…

- How much is left?

- Sixteen…"

(In 2 months, out of every ten people, nine died!)

11) “At night, after their very first offensive, the Germans fired at the rear, and twelve of his fellow soldiers from the Far East were buried under this barn. And the guys didn’t reach the front end, but they were all young, Sasha’s same-year-olds. The shed still smells like a corpse.”

12) " No trenches, no dugouts the first one didn't have water all around. Even small craters from mines are filled with it, and huddled beaten-killed V huts. Only the company commander had thin dugout dug out on a hillock, but there is water up to the knee in it.

(The miserable words - "hut", "trench", "dugout" emphasize the precariousness, insecurity of the situation).

13) “... I knew for sure that there would be no meetings with many of those who remained here, and which of them would stay here, on this Rzhevskaya, earth swollen with blood, this is fate ... "

CONCLUSION: The author paints a terrible true picture of the battles: the troops suffered monstrous losses, the survivors did not have the strength and opportunity to bury the dead, so the corpses were lying everywhere; the soldiers had nowhere to rest, dry off, they were starving; there were not enough weapons, ammunition, equipment. The author shows the "routine" of extreme situations.

2. Sasha as a person and a fighter.

1). In what episodes Sasha is revealed with special power like a man and a fighter? State the motives behind his actions.

1). Sasha gets boots for the company commander.

(“For myself, I wouldn’t climb for anything, damn these boots! But it's a pity for the commander. His pims were soaked through with water - and you won’t dry out over the summer ...”)

2). The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun.

(“But then his PPSh company will not get it ... Yes, it would be necessary to say goodbye to the guys and the company commander ...”)

3). Sasha leads the orderlies to the seriously wounded.

(“... he knows, you can’t drag these San-Vzvodov’s men to the front with a lasso. They will return and say that they didn’t find, they say, or that he was already wounded. Who will check them? .. But he gave his word. To the dying - the word!”)

4). The story of a captured German.

(“Sashka saw a lot of deaths during this time - live up to 100 years, you won’t see so much - but the price human life did not diminish from this in his mind.")

5). The story of Zina

(“And again, having gone through everything that he and Zina had that day and evening, recalling again all their conversations and imagining her life here for these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is beyond the jurisdiction ... Just a war ... And he has no evil on her.")

6). Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodka.

(“Well, what’s the demand from me, an ordinary vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when it’s still a marching and limber in a month. And you’re a lieutenant. It’s a different conversation with you - they can demote you, and give them to the tribunal.”)

7). Episode with Pasha.

(“Here, Pasha,” said Sashka. “We met by chance and didn’t spend a day together, but I’ll remember you all my life ...

- Stop pouring something! I know you...

- No, really, Pasha. I don't like to lie..."

"It's like I'm leaving home...

- You got it, you mean?

- That's not the point ... A good woman is very, cordial. Invited to stay for a week...

- I guessed. What are you?

“There’s no need for this ... - Sasha answered in thought ...”)

2). Why were these events chosen from the entire front-line life of their hero?

(These episodes reveal Sasha's personality from different angles, as if he is being tested for endurance, for humanity, for fidelity in friendship, in love, tests of power, unlimited power over another person.)

3. Three tests.

Teacher: V. Kondratiev led his hero "through trials of power, love and friendship." How did Sasha survive these tests?

1) The story with the German ("test by power").

a) Concise summary.

(Sashka ran into German reconnaissance (when he got boots for the company), rushed to the grove to warn his own, and ran into the company commander, who gave the order to retreat beyond the ravine. The Nazis captured the "tongue" and began to hastily retreat. German mines flew: the Germans they wanted to cut off their reconnaissance from ours. Sasha broke away from his own, rushed through the fire and then saw a German. Sasha shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands: he has no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander. But how many guys were killed for "language"! Sashka did not hesitate for a minute, but at the same time he does not consider himself a hero, when the company commander asks how it happened, he replies: "But the jester knows him. Durik."

The company commander interrogates the German to no avail, then orders Sashka to take the German to headquarters. On the way, Sashka tells the German that they do not shoot prisoners in our country, and promises him life. The battalion commander, not having obtained any information from the German, orders him to be shot. Sasha disobeys orders.)

1. Why doesn't Sasha obey the order?

(It would not be difficult for Sasha to kill a German in battle ("That's when they rose from under the hill - gray, terrible, some kind of non-humans - they were enemies, "" Sashka would shoot these arsonists mercilessly if they were caught"). The same German was a prisoner, unarmed, he could not shoot him, as he promised to save his life (“We are not you. There are no prisoners we shoot”, “he is not the kind to mock the prisoner and unarmed”).

Between two soldiers - Russian and German - human relations are established: both wash and clean themselves before coming to headquarters; the German treats Sasha with cigarettes; Sashka addresses the prisoner differently than at first (not “fascist”, but “fritz”, more neutrally, because Fritz is a German name); Sasha already wants to talk to him, ask about life, it's a pity he doesn't know German.

Sashka saw in the prisoner not just an enemy, but another person: “... when he took this Fritz, fought with him, feeling the warmth of his body, the strength of his muscles, he seemed to Sasha an ordinary person, the same soldier as he, only dressed in a different uniform, only fooled and deceived ... That's why he could talk with them as human beings, take cigarettes, smoke together…”).

Sasha has very strong moral principles: if he gave his word, he must keep it (“Sashka saw a lot, a lot of deaths during this time - live up to a hundred years, you won’t see so much - but the price of human life has not diminished from this in his mind”).

2). At what moment did the thought flash through with a "second flash" to carry out the order of the battalion commander?

(When the battalion commander without an overcoat and a hat walked with Tolik to the ashes, near which Sashka and the prisoner were, "Sasha turned pale, cringed, drenched his body with icy sweat, his heart sank ... and with a second flash flashed - well, what if ... slap the German now and run to the captain: “Your order has been fulfilled ...” And all the confusion was removed from the soul ... And, ... just turning to the German, I saw Sashka, he read this thought for a second, his eyes covered with a veil of death ... No, I can’t ... And when I decided irrevocably, it seemed to become calmer, only this peace is dead ... ")

3). When Sashka was leading the German to the battalion headquarters, at one moment he became afraid. Why?

(“And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he had over the German. After all, from his every word or gesture he either faints, then he enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to the headquarters alive Sashka even somehow felt uneasy... But the German didn't know what kind of person Sashka was, that he wasn't the kind to mock the prisoner and the unarmed... his almost unlimited power over another person”).

4). What is the position of Tolik, the liaison battalion commander?

(Tolik's motto: “Our business is calf ... Ordered - fulfilled!”

Trying on the watch of a German who has not yet been killed ("... grabbed the watch on his hand with a tenacious glance and did not let go").

Ready to bargain with Sasha so as not to miss the "trophy" (“... I would give you a loaf of blackies ... for a watch ... I can buy a pack in addition.”)

The commander, for example, behaves quite differently: “The company commander took the lighter, struck it, lit it and gave fire to Sasha ... He turned the lighter around, examining it, and handed it back to the German.”

He doesn’t have a “barrier, barrier” in his soul, like Sasha’s, he, without hesitation and without suffering the pangs of conscience, would have shot an unarmed (“... if he doesn’t split - against the wall! ... Why mess around with him? Once he is silent, he is dear there”).

Sasha understands that "Tolik loves to boast, but he is a weakling."

Sasha and Tolik are opposed as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness.)

5). What spiritual qualities of Sasha are manifested in this episode?

(active kindness; active humanism; firmness of moral principles; attitude to life as the highest value; fear of unlimited power over another person; great sense of responsibility for everything, even for things for which he could not be responsible).

6). What is moral issues this part of the story?

(- Problems of humanism, truth, moral choice, values

Power issue: power as a right and power as a responsibility).

d) Teacher: In a case from life that formed the basis of the story, the finale of the story with the prisoner ended more tragically: the commander did not cancel his order, and the prisoner of war was shot, and the person who followed the order (and later told this story to Kondratiev) tormented all his life: was he right? entered?

2) Relationship with Zina (“test by love”).

1). What does Zina mean in Sasha's life?

(Sashka saved Zina's life when he covered her with his body during the bombing. This is his first love. He is so looking forward to meeting! But on the front line, he does not allow himself to think about her, because the war, and anything can happen, because “We got used to living at the front for an hour, or even a minute.”

On the way to the hospital, when the terrible tension of the front line gradually lets go, when joy floods into his soul that he is alive, Sashka allows himself to think about Zina, a sister from the sanrota. He was worried about how they would meet, because after all, 2 months had passed. And they had nothing, only kissed a few times. But at parting, he realized that he had no one closer and dearer to him, that he was ready to do everything for this girl in an overcoat, if only she would feel good and calm.

And then, on the offensive, he imagined that he was going to defend her, Zina, who promised to wait for him, and it became easier for him.

But, while waiting for Zina, he thinks about his company all the time: she will again tremble in huts, and “someone will certainly be slapped today”, “and he is vaguely and kind of ashamed that he is here, and they are there.”

When he finds out about the party, it makes him angry: “What dancing! You lie, Zina! It can’t be!” and “it even shook him.” He says sternly: “You see, you can’t do this ... Have fun it’s impossible when all the fields are in ours!” Even in the rear, he cannot live according to other laws than the laws of the front line.

When meeting with Zina in the evening, Sashka caught that "in the caresses of the Zinins more pity ... and the words she said were all miserable: dear, stupid, poor thing ... Maybe out of pity she decided to do everything, and even because she considers herself to be indebted to him for life.

It seems to him that their love with Zina will be as short as a rocket flash: “It won’t burn for long, it won’t have time to warm it up properly and ... it will go out - the war will separate them in different directions.”)

2). Why did Zina go to the party anyway?

(The lieutenant came, persuaded her, because they were sending him to the front line, he wanted to say goodbye to Zina. Zina Sashka said on a walk that the lieutenant liked her, that he was taking care of her in a good way. And Zina seems to like this lieutenant. )

3). How did Sasha react to the fact that she went to the dance?

(When he finds out that Zina is there, dancing with the lieutenant, he is bitter, hurt: “And the fact that Zina is now there, at the evening, was painfully touched, and something nauseating began to come up to her throat. He breathed intermittently, heavily and hastily with a disobedient hand began to pull on his tunic.

“Something cold, heavy was growing like a lump in my chest, it was coming up to my throat, it was pressing…”

"... as if something had burst in Sasha's head", when he saw Zina in the window, he was ready to throw a piece of brick into the window opening if someone offended her.

But Zina's words brought him even greater suffering when she said to the lieutenant:

“- No need, Tolya ... - and took his hands away softly and angrily.

If the earth had risen nearby from the explosion, Sasha would not have been so stunned. And not a word, not an address by name, but this gesture of the deceased, even affectionate, with which she took his hands away, as if she had power against the lieutenant, struck Sasha in the very heart and assured him that they had love ...

As if with a blow under the breath, Sasha was broken and thrown back.

4). How do you assess Sasha's behavior in final second part of the story?

( Sasha behaved in this situation in the highest degree with dignity. Despite the shock, pain, resentment, remembering their meeting, conversations and “having imagined her life here for these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is incontestable ... Just a war ... And he has no anger at her ...”

Sashka understood that they had love, and since love, what right does he have to interfere with it? And Sasha leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary talk.

The kindness, sensitivity, nobility of the hero prevailed here too. He awakened the ability to respect other people's feelings, to understand and forgive a loved one, not to hurt him. This is true love.

3) The story of Lieutenant Volodka (“test of friendship”).

1). What are the motives of Sashka's intercession for Lieutenant Volodka?

(“Well, what’s the demand from me, Private Vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when it’s still a marching and limber in a month. And you’re a lieutenant. It’s a different conversation with you - they can demote you, and give them to the tribunal.”

“Let's agree on this - if they start sewing on me, then do as you know, but for now we'll wait. Maybe everything will work out.”

2). How do you evaluate his action?

(We sympathize with Sashka and admire his deed: he, seemingly not at all heroic, not a dashing soldier, turns out to be stronger and bolder than the desperate lieutenant from Maryina Roshcha, helps him out of trouble.

“Whatever you say, my heart is still scraping. Let the tribunal now, in the war, and not terrible, because all the terms of the advanced are replaced, and there - before the first blood, as it hurt, it redeemed its guilt, but Sashka still can’t get away, as the wound heals, so and go there! But it sucked in my soul disgustingly - Sashka has never been under any trial-investigation ... "

“But he did not regret what he did. He considered himself more prudent than Volodya and more cunning, perhaps.

“A couple of days later, Sasha was called again ... He and his sister walked to that building, and it was vague in his soul, some kind of fear froze his heart, only one thing eased: maybe everything will turn out completely, the unknown is the worst of all.”

“Whatever one may say, but this story was worth the nerves, to be honest, Sasha didn’t give a damn at all.”

Sasha's character traits.

1. Great sense of responsibility.

2. An inquisitive mind and a critical look at what is happening.

3. Conscientiousness.

4. Understanding the need for what he does.

5. Intelligence .

Problematic situation.

Teacher:“... the company commander used to, before ordering something, slapped Sashka on the shoulder and said:“ It’s necessary, Sashok. Understand, necessary". And Sashka understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should. It was necessary in the war.

There is a "must" and "above". Sasha, according to critic Igor Dedkov, does more than necessary. What do you think?

IV . Lesson summary.

Teacher: V. Astafiev in his novel “Cursed and Killed” says that the cruel force of the war did not extinguish in his heroes “the light of goodness, justice, dignity, respect for one’s neighbor, for what was, is in a person from mother, from father, from the native home, from the motherland, Russia, finally, it was mortgaged, transferred, bequeathed.

- Can we say that this also applies to Sasha, the hero of V. Kondratiev's story?

Teacher:“Well, Sashok ... You are a man ...” Lieutenant Volodka will tell Sasha when, on the way to the hospital, he hears from him a story about a captured German. “We are people, not fascists,” Sashka will say simply.

Lev Aizerman wrote about the story of V. Kondratiev: “In an inhuman, bloody war, a person remains a person, and people remain people. This is important for a writer. This is what the story is about: terrible war and preserved humanity.

V . Summarizing.

What made you think about this story?

VI . Homework. A written answer to the question: “What did this story make you think about?”

5/3/2007 13:34:14
Author: Gerasimova T.P. - Luga

SCENARIO (SUMMARY) OF LITERATURE LESSONS In the 9th grade ON THE TOPIC "I TELL YOU LIFE ..."

High school students are discussing the story of V. Kondratiev "Sasha", linking the work with the history of the Great Patriotic War.

SUBJECT:“I bequeath my life to you ...” (Senior students discuss the story of V. Kondratiev, “Sasha”, linking the work with the history of the Great Patriotic War.

GOALS:

To interest students in the history of the Great Patriotic War on the example of the memories of loved ones and relatives, when reading the work of V. Kondratyev "Sasha";
evoke an emotional personal response to the event(s) associated with the Great Patriotic War;
continue the formation of the skill of working with a book, elements of the ability to analyze piece of art express an opinion about what you have read.

LESSON FORM- Reader's conference.

THE CONTINGENT OF PRESENT:

Presenter - Gerasimova T.P.
Participant of the Great Patriotic War - Vera Nikolaevna Grinenko.
Literary expert - Ilenkiva N.
Librarian - Litvinyuk M.I.
The readers are 9th grade students.

DECORATION, EQUIPMENT:

On the board is an epigraph to a lesson from I. Dedkov's book "A span of the Rzhev land."
A portrait of V.L. is projected on the screen. Kondratiev, the words are an appeal to the younger generation.
Class essays by students on the topic “How did the war affect the fate of my family?”
Tape recording of the song "Old Photos" performed by Vlada Lebedeva's father (student of grade 9a).
"Old front-line photographs" - stand (from the archive of 9th grade students)
Front-line letter (Western Front. 1942), a notebook from the front (1941-43).
Texts of the story by V. Kondratiev "Sasha".
Memoirs of G. Zhukov and Rokosovsky about the battles near Rzhev in the spring of 1942.
A poem by A.T. Tvordovsky "I was killed near Rzhev ..."

PROGRESS OF LESSONS(2 lessons). I Subject message (see page 1) II Communicating the purpose of the lesson to students, which coincides with the statement of I. Dedkov about the story of V. Kondratiev "Sasha":

“It is not for victorious trophies that true literature returns to the fields of ancient battles, and if it seeks glory for someone, then it is for an ordinary person in our country who has managed to survive and triumph. And she is not looking for glory, but wants to understand what he was like, that man who saved our land from the fascist invasion?
What were they like, standing up from edge to edge?

III Presentation of the conference participants.

IV Reader's Conference.

1. Introductory speech of the teacher with a portrait of V.L. Kondratiev

On the outskirts of Moscow, in an ordinary apartment, you can meet V.L. Kondratiev. Despite his middle age, he is very lively and agile. Tall, thin, moves easily and quickly; hospitable and friendly.

His eyes are striking - an attentive, piercing look - and a kind smile.

Vyacheslav Leonidovich is especially animated when he talks about the attitude of young people to his story "Sashka":

“There were many different kinds of speeches in the press of critics about Sasha, about my work. But how youth perceives me, that is, our grandchildren already, this is very interesting to me.

50 years that have passed since the Great Patriotic War have not weakened public interest in this historical event. Time poses new and new questions for historians and writers.

Not accepting lies, the slightest inaccuracy in showing the historical science of the past war, its participant, writer V. Kondratyev, severely assesses what has been done: “... I, as a soldier, have nothing to do with what is written about the war. I was in a completely different war ... The half-truth exhausted us ... "(Questions of literature. - 1988 - No. 7. - p. 13)

2. Word to the school librarian. M.I. Litvinyuk prepared an exhibition of books (art. Literature) about the Great Patriotic War, commented on the works, read out their interesting pages.

M.I. Litvtnyuk settled on the following books:

Y. Bondarev. "Battalions ask for fire", "Youth of commanders", "Last volleys",
V. Bykov "Obelisk",
B. Vasiliev "Tomorrow there was a war",
V. Astafiev "The Shepherd and the Shepherdess",
K. Vorobyov "Scream", "Killed near Moscow",
K. Kolosov "Self-propelled gun number 120",
V. Grossman "Life and Fate",
S. Nikitin "Shooting Star".

(The list of references is drawn up in notebooks).

Let these honest talented books cause pain, anxiety, indignation, protest.

Can we, teachers, children of front-line soldiers come to terms with the fact that sometimes the grandchildren of front-line soldiers, our pupils, shoot at the monuments to those who died for the Motherland, mock at mass graves, decide on crimes in order to seize valuable military awards ?!

Among the books that can excite the young, cause deep feelings and reflections not only about the hero, about the author, but also about themselves, the story of V.L. Kondratiev "Sasha".

3. Prehistory of writing essays about the Great Patriotic War. Teacher's word. But in order to talk about the book and evoke some kind of emotional response from the students, I asked the guys (8th grade) at the end of April 2003 to talk with their parents, grandparents, look at old photographs and, after thinking, write an essay on the topic “How was the war reflected in the fate of my family?” (excerpts from student essays are presented on separate sheets).

3 a And here are these faces. Students peer into the faces of front-line soldiers captured in old photographs. Music sounds, the song "Old Photos" performed by the father of a 9th grade student (recorded).

4. The word of the teacher.

Today we are discovering another name in modern literature.

L.N. Tolstoy admitted that each time he picked up a new book with the same thought about the author: what kind of person are you? What new things can you tell about life?

5. Students talk about V.L. Kondratiev, using the memoirs of K. Simonov about the author of "Sashka".

Story plan. Boganova Xenia's message.

Profession - graphic designer.
The vocation is a writer.
1939 - service in the Far East.
1941 - at the front.
1942 - participation in the battles near Rzhev, wounded, medal "For Courage".
Service in the railway troops, in intelligence.

Tough battles, such that the front-line soldiers recall with bitterness in their throats.

5 a A short recollection of the battles in which V.N. Grinenko.

5 b Students read an excerpt from a poem by A.T. Tvordovsky "I was killed near Rzhev ...":

Berdyugin Andrey,

Nikitin Andrey,

Kunets Kolya,

Boganova Xenia.

5 in Boganova Ksenia continues the story about V. Kondratiev.

7. 1943 - severe wound: hospital, disability. The material is taken from the following source: Simonov K. Good luck, Sasha! Magazine “Friendship of Peoples. - 1979 - No. 2.

6. Ilenkiva Natasha talks about the path of V. L. Kondratiev to the story "Sasha".

Story plan.

In his middle years he took up the story of the war.
He reads military prose, but "did not find his own war in it."
Search Rzhev brother-soldiers.
1962 - a trip near Rzhev, visited the former front line.
He draws a conclusion for himself: you can only write the strict truth about this.

Sources: Kondratiev V. While we are alive ... The journal "Questions of Literature" - 1979 - No. 6; Kondratiev V. Not everything has been written about the war. Collection "Land of birth, land of fate - M., 1987

7. The teacher draws a conclusion.

Apparently, the battles near Rzhev were terrible, exhausting, with huge human losses. Let us turn to the memoirs of military commanders.

8. Memoirs of G.K. Zhukov. The floor was given to Ragimova Naida, Yevtushenko Sasha.

Story plan.

Facts that are hard to believe.
Ammunition consumption - 1-2 shots per day per gun!
03/20/1942, the Supreme Commander demands an offensive.
It is unrealistic to defeat the Rzhev-Vyazma grouping of the enemy.
Transition to defense on this line.

Source: Zhukov G.K. Memories, reflections - M., 1969 - p. 375-377.

9. The word of the teacher.

Sasha has been fighting for two months. Is it a lot or a little?

Assignment to the class: find those significant, from your point of view, artistic details, pictures that help the writer to recreate this time, and for us to present it.

10. Students read passages from the text, making small conclusions:

Sashka decided at night to get felt boots for the company commander;
“The villages they took stood as if dead…”
about the order on the front line;
questions that I would like to ask the prisoner;
"How many people did you have in your company?" the captain asked Sasha.

We learn that out of 150, 16 survived in two months, that the soldiers are fighting.

Students conclude: in two months, out of every ten, nine died.

11. The teacher asks questions to the class.

What events did the author choose from 2 months of Sashka's front-line life?
Why did the author draw our attention to them?

12. Students list episodes from the story and answer the 2nd question:

production of felt boots for the company commander;
the wounded man returns to the company to say goodbye and return the machine gun - under fire;
Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded man, because they may not find a fighter;
Sashka takes a German prisoner and refuses to shoot him;
Meeting with Zina;
Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodya.

13. Sl. Teachers. V. Kondratiev said that he was leading his hero through tests of power, love, and friendship.

1 question. Did Sasha stand the test of power?

The student retells the episode with Sasha's capture of a prisoner. Having failed to obtain any information from the German during interrogation, the battalion commander orders the prisoner to be shot. Having failed to get any information from the German during interrogation, the battalion commander orders Sashka to shoot the prisoner. The soldier disobeyed the order.

Questions. Why? After all, Sasha swore an oath to follow the orders of the commander?

And what influenced the decision of the battalion commander to cancel the order to shoot the prisoner?

The conclusion is drawn by the students.

Sashka is not comfortable with almost unlimited power over another person, he realized what a terrible power this power over life and death can become, and this lifts him high in the eyes of readers. Sasha passed the test of power, because. he feels responsible for everything.

The battalion commander also showed himself to be an integral human personality, canceling the order to shoot the captured German.

2) Question. Does Sasha stand the test of love?

The student retells the episodes of the birth of Sasha's love for Zina.

The students are included in the dialogue, then they conclude that Sasha did not become hardened, did not become coarse, managed to understand Zina and not condemn her, although he himself is very worried when he sees his Zina and the lieutenant in the window. And Sasha leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary talk.

3) Episodes related to the test of friendship are being restored.

Students tell the story of Sashka's brief front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodya. There is a story about how a well-fed major comes to calm the disgruntled soldiers in the evacuation hospital: they gave two spoonfuls of millet for dinner. The major answers fair demands and angry questions in a boorish way, and ... a plate flew at him, thrown by the hand of an angry Volodya, and Sasha took the blame.

(The conversation is about the integrity of the human personality, about high principles that a person can be deprived of only along with life, about Sasha's kindness and sensitivity.)

14. The teacher's address to the class.

The story "Sasha" is a work about the Great Patriotic War, which tells not only the truth about the war, this story raises moral questions.

I want to propose and try to solve one of the moral problems.

Preparing for the lesson, I read articles, reviews of the story "Sasha". Particular attention was drawn to the article by I. Dedkov "A span of the Rzhev land" (zh. "Literary Review". 1980. No. 5.)

Reading by the teacher of excerpts from the article.

“... It is necessary, Sasha. You understand, it’s necessary, ”the company commander said to Sasha ...

And Sasha understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should ...

The hero of V. Kondratiev is attractive in that, obeying this “necessary”, he thinks and acts “in excess of what is necessary ...

All this is “over the top”, as if Sashka hears in himself an unpronounceable, but distinct, inexorable command: do not shoot, come back, see the orderlies!”

Sashka, according to the critic, does more than necessary, because he cannot do otherwise. Questions:

1. Are you sure that Sasha is doing "over"?

2. Or does conscience command?

3. There is a conscience and there is another conscience. What is behind each? What is Sasha's?

In a dispute, in a heated discussion, we come to the conclusion with the guys that there are no two “consciences”: either there is a conscience or it is not.

15. Teacher's word.

K. Simonov, after reading the story "Sasha", wrote:

“The story of Sasha is the story of a man who found himself at the most difficult time in the most difficult place in the most difficult position - a soldier ... If I hadn’t read Sasha, I would have missed something not in literature, but simply in life. Together with him, I had another friend, a person I fell in love with.

This is how K. Simonov assessed the significance of V. Kondratiev's story "Sashka".

Question for the class.

How do you rate the story? (This question was given to students at home).

16. Students give oral feedback on the story they have read.

Approximate feedback plan.

Averina A.

Truthfulness, sincerity, psychology.
The book is a thought.
The essence of Sasha.

Smyshlyaeva N.

Sasha is the most beloved literary hero.
The book helped me to look inside myself.
Testament to posterity.

Tupchanenko S.

The story "Sasha" is the best work about the Great Patriotic War.
Would I have passed these tests?
This book teaches a lot.

Nikolaeva O.

I imagined the war differently.
The truth about the Great Patriotic War will not be forgotten.

Lebedeva V.

Sasha is a hero of the war years.
Our generation lacks love for people.
The story of V. Kondratiev "Sashka" is a modern work, very necessary today.

17. Word to the participant of the Great Patriotic War V.N. Grinenko.

V.N. Grinenko spoke about her youth, which fell during the war years. Vera Nikolaevna read the story "Sasha". “I thought,” says V.N. Grinenko, - that the students, after reading the work, will not believe that such people really existed. Sasha is a hero of the war years. He is kind, honest, decent, he loves people and life. And there were many such people in our time ... "

Students thank V.N. Grinenko for participation in reader's conference give flowers and a book.

18. On the projector, the words of V. Kondratiev are an appeal to the youth:

“For our military generation, the most important thing was that from childhood we were replenished with the great Russian literature of the last century. She brought up civil and high moral concepts in us, which allowed us to live in a terrible time and remain clean, not to stain our conscience with anything.

Afterword: all students of grade 9 were involved in the lessons, all received grades.

IN domestic literature many worthy works dedicated to the Great Patriotic War. These include the story of Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev "Sashka". We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the analysis of the work according to the plan, which will be useful to students in grade 11 in preparing for a lesson in literature.

Brief analysis

Year of writing- 1979.

History of creation- The story "Sashka" is largely autobiographical, since the author himself took part in heavy battles near Rzhev. These memories long years haunted him, and in adulthood they turned into a story in which the problems of the war were revealed.

Subject– The central theme of the work is the problem of moral choice in war conditions.

Composition- The composition of the story has a mosaic structure and consists of microplots, with the help of which the essence of the main character is fully revealed. The work is characterized by a slow pace of narration, which allows you to better understand inner world Sasha, the motives of his actions.

Genre- The story.

Direction- Realism.

History of creation

Vyacheslav Leonidovich went to the front when he was barely 21 years old. As part of a rifle brigade, he fought desperately for the city of Rzhev, was wounded, and was awarded the medal "For Courage".

Memories of the war hard times did not leave Kondratiev throughout his life: they tormented him, did not allow him to enjoy the present. According to the writer, he read a lot fiction about the Great Patriotic War, but not a single work could really hook him, in none of them did he find a description of “his” war.

The story of Vyacheslav Leonidovich "Sasha" was published in 1979 in the journal "Friendship of Peoples".

Subject

In the story, which describes all the realities of the Great Patriotic War, Kondratiev masterfully reveals central theme works- the problem of moral choice in extreme conditions. The lot of the protagonist falls a lot of life's trials, capable of reflecting the true essence of a person as accurately as possible.

One of the most poignant and emotionally powerful episodes is Sasha's capture of a German. In the heat of battle, a soldier is driven only by the desire to defeat the enemy, but then he sees an ordinary person in a captured German. He worthily passes the test of power, without harming an unarmed person and promising him the preservation of life. Unable to fulfill the order of the battalion commander and shoot the defenseless young man, Sashka puts himself under attack.

Very revealing is the scene in which Sasha stands up for his new acquaintance, and takes his guilt upon himself. His Noble act involuntarily causes a feeling of admiration, because the hero puts the interests of a comrade above his own.

Sashka also passes the test of front-line love with dignity. Having learned that Zina's chosen one has fallen out of love with him, the hero accepts her betrayal with dignity. Despite deep disappointment, he finds the strength to understand her and let her go without a word of reproach.

In fact, Sashka became that collective image in which hundreds of thousands of ordinary guys found themselves face to face with the horrors of war. In his work, the author singled out a simple and old, like the world, idea- you need to remain a person under any circumstances, not to kill in yourself that good and bright beginning that is inherent in every person at birth. The world can be saved only by kindness, mercy, compassion.

Composition

Carrying out an analysis of the work in the story "Sashka", it should be noted that it is characterized mosaic composition without a single plot. The story consists of tiny plots designed to reveal the character of the protagonist as accurately and capaciously as possible.

The composition of the story is constructed in such a way that the disclosure spiritual qualities Sashka, his life priorities happen gradually, which is facilitated by the slow pace of the narrative. With the advancement of the hero from the front line deep into the country, the reader is immersed in his inner world.

Genre

The work is written in the genre of the story. The work reproduces in detail the life of the war years, the events of that time, the main battles, therefore it is attributed to literary direction realism.