Living in a world of pragmatic people, where technical knowledge, concrete thinking and practical skills are highly valued, at first glance it may seem that creativity plays a secondary role in progress. Nevertheless, thanks to human creativity, we live in comfortable conditions that are created thanks to scientific discoveries and technical innovations. The aesthetic side of life also has great importance V cultural society, and many cannot pass indifferently past any product that is not only made of quality materials and easy to use, but also beautifully designed. The fruits of "creativity" surround us everywhere: from a picture on the wall to a clay flower pot with an ornate pattern, and, depending on how and what the creator creates, different types of creativity are distinguished. This article presents the main ones, as well as the requirements for the personalities of the authors, which allow you to create masterpieces of art.

Creative activity and necessary abilities

For success, some personal characteristics are very important that will allow you to find a new idea and arrange it correctly:

• Memory. Thanks to this property of the brain, once seen elements or images will be able to resume in memory and complete those missing details that were not enough to complete the creative process.
• Imagination. This is also very important feature, which allows you to successfully combine parts of the image or ideas that need to be properly designed. This may be a set of sensations from what is seen or heard, which in the future will become the semantic core of the work or object.
• Inspiration. The ability to receive inspiration is very important for a creative person. a state of clear thought that suddenly leads to the creation of an idea. For some, inspiration is caused by certain events, the experience of certain feelings, or simply an unusual atmosphere. For others, inspiration suddenly appears, regardless of the conditions of the environment or the mood.

Creative activity: modeling

Since ancient times, clay has been used to create not only works of art, but also kitchen utensils: pots, plates, mugs and similar household items - common items that are in every home. Despite the mediocre use of these cutlery, a creative person made an ornament out of them: he gave them different shapes and painted patterns.

Clay is also used to make exclusively decorative items: vases, figures of animals and people, caskets, etc.

The peculiarity of clay art is that the one who makes the modeling requires not only creative data, but also dexterous flexible hands and skillful handling of tools.

Literary creative activity

Literary works require great creative potential from the author, which is realized in the creation of the plot, the idea of ​​the work, as well as the images of the characters. There are numerous facts about how world classics threw away more than one scribbled sheet of paper before finding the combinations that led to the worldwide popularity of these works.

Peculiarity literary art in that the author requires perfect mastery to accurately characterize the characters and the atmosphere. Very rare world-class works are written in a complex language that is difficult to perceive, since artistry and the simultaneous simplicity of the word are very important in this area of ​​art.

Artistic creativity

This type of creativity begins, like any other, with a plan. Therefore, it is not enough for an artist to master the techniques of painting pictures: it is important that he be able to express meaning with the help of this skill.

Perhaps this is one of the most difficult because a lot can be expressed with the help of a picture, and therefore the creative search can drag on for a long time: it is difficult to choose from all the variety those elements that will most accurately reflect what was intended.

Art is closely related to the abilities of the creator, who requires an emotional perception of reality, the ability to observe and contemplate, as well as expressive self-expression.

Gifted artists create paintings that are meaningful to society, and they do this through their ability to choose relevant objects of attention.

Thus, creativity is a complex phenomenon that requires certain personal qualities, acquired skills and acquired knowledge, and, most importantly, talent to be realized.

Creativity is an integral part of a person. Someone chooses creative work as the basis of their life, others use it from time to time. What is creativity? How to discover and develop creative abilities in yourself? What is the difference between a creative person and an ordinary person? Is it possible to say that there is a psychology of creativity that goes beyond the usual perception? Let's try to understand these issues together.

What is creativity?

Creativity is the process of creating something new, not previously seen in the world. It's about not only about works of art or architectural masterpieces. This is definitely creativity, but the definition of this concept is much broader. After all, even a couple of written lines in the schoolgirl's blog is already something new for this world.

Creativity can be viewed both globally and at the everyday level.

There are the following types of creativity:

• Artistic - visualizes the inner experiences of a person;
• Decorative and applied - transforms the world around;
• Musical - allows you to feel the rhythm and reproduce beautiful sounds;
• Scientific and technical - commits scientific discoveries and unexpected inventions;
• Philosophical - accompanies the search for thinkers and sages;
• Social - improves legal, cultural and other relationships in society;
• Entrepreneurial - helps in the successful development of a business;
• Spiritual - gives the ideological foundations of society;
• Everyday life - increases a person's ability to adapt to emerging circumstances;
• Sports and gaming - is associated with non-standard implementation of the necessary tactical and technical elements.

There is a similar concept of creativity. Many consider it and creativity synonymous. Since these two words exist in the Russian language, it would be more correct to allocate their own ecological niche to each of them. Trying to separate creativity and creativity, the definition of the latter sounds like the process of creating something new. Creativity is the ability of a person to create something new. In the first case, we are talking about the action, in the second - about the property.

You can also find such a classification, where creativity is a broader concept, and creativity is seen as directed creativity, that is, in response to a specific need.

For example, if a girl is abandoned by a young man, and she, sobbing into a pillow, writes poetry, this will be an act of creativity. If an advertising agency creative is asked to come up with a new toothbrush, then tears and poetry will not be useful to him. It should be a finished product, and creativity will help in this.

Who is a creative person?

A creative person is a creator who creates something new. Moreover, “new” means not only creation, but also destruction, because creative work is sometimes associated with the destruction of existing forms.

For example, a game of bowling, when an athlete with the help of a ball must destroy lined pins, but the approach to the game itself can be very creative.

The inclinations for certain types of activity arise even at the stage of human embryonic development, but directly creative abilities appear after birth. It is desirable to ensure the child's harmonious development, including creative work. Drawing, dancing, arts and crafts, etc. The more multifaceted a person develops, the easier it will be for him to adapt in adulthood.

Creativity in psychology occupies a special place, because thanks to it you can correct a number of psychosomatic disorders. There is even such a direction as art therapy - the use of elements of creativity for medicinal purposes. This once again emphasizes the importance of this topic.

But how to understand that a person has creative abilities? Are there signs by which a creative person can be identified?

Signs of a creative person.

You can recognize that we have a creative person in front of us by at least seven distinguishing features:

1. The ability to see more than others;
2. striving for beauty;
3. Free expression of their emotions and feelings;
4. The ability to fantasize;
5. Propensity to take risks and rash actions;
6. Reverent attitude to their works;
7. Following your dream.

A creative person will not put material wealth above his fantasies and goals. Many authors spend years of their lives creating their works without even realizing in the long run whether they will be able to make money on them. The psychology of creativity is more based on satisfaction with the result or the creative process itself than on the opportunity to get rich.

Although, you should not think that a creative person will go penniless for his soul. Talented people can achieve recognition among their contemporaries. And by doing what you love, you can make money.

An important property that defines creativity is the ability to see what is hidden from other people. After all, in order to create something new, you need to imagine it, see it in your fantasies. Some look at the sky and see clouds, while others see white-maned horses. Everyone hears the noise of the engine, and someone recognizes in it the beginning of their new musical composition.

The ability and desire to fantasize determines creativity in all its forms and manifestations. Before the master creates another sculpture, it must appear in his head. And even a new original wrestling technique is often carried out mentally, and only then it is performed on the carpet.

How to develop creative abilities?

Like any other skill, creativity can also be strengthened and developed. First, you need to understand your skills and interests. Secondly, practice more in this activity. For example, it's stupid to go to a dance if you want to learn how to draw, or vice versa. Thirdly, never stop there and improve all the time. Fourth, surround yourself with the same enthusiastic people. Fifth, believe in yourself and your talent.

Creativity helps people to fulfill themselves better, to cope with daily tasks more effectively and to be different from others. A creative person will always succeed, no matter what kind of activity she chooses. That is why it is always worth developing your creative abilities, not neglecting them in favor of other life priorities. A person must develop harmoniously and creativity is an important part of this process.

Essay

by discipline:

"Industrial Technologies and Innovations"

“Creative activities, activities in the field of art and organization of entertainment”

Completed: Art. gr. B3121 Gaidukova Xenia

Accepted: Art. pr. Shatalov P.V.

Voronezh 2017

1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………....3

2. The concept of creative activity and its types…………………………........ 4

3. Agency for the organization of holidays…………………………………..…..10

4. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..14

5. List of used literature..…………………………………..…15

Introduction

Each person in life needs to show certain activities for various reasons: by virtue of earnings or because of love for their work. There can be many reasons. There are currently about 7 billion people on earth. We are all different, and each of us has his own activity. But we are all united by this common need to do something, the need for a purpose in life. Otherwise, our life will seem meaningless to us. Or rather, it will not seem, but it will be like this: you have no purpose in life - that means you do nothing, that means you do not bring any benefit to society, that means you “burn through” your life for nothing.

The concept of creative activity, its types and directions.

Creative activity is a form of human activity aimed at creating qualitatively new social values. The impetus for social activity is a problematic situation that cannot be resolved on the basis of available data in traditional ways. The original product of activity is obtained as a result of an unconventional interconnection of elements of a problem situation, the involvement of implicitly related elements, the establishment of new types of interdependence between them. The prerequisites for creative activity are the flexibility of thinking (the ability to vary solutions), criticality (the ability to abandon unproductive strategies), the ability to converge and link concepts, the integrity of perception, and more. Creativity is the result of activity. However, within the activity itself one can see acts of extraordinary ingenuity, radical novelty. Although there are such moments, acts of activity in which creativity not so clearly expressed. Thanks to many momentary, instantaneous impulses, an idea is born, carrying with it a certain creative potential, the embodiment of which can be admired after many, many years.

The author in the process of creative research can achieve a result that he did not expect. This is the main advantage of the free expression of their ideas by an artist, writer or artist. Creative activity, in addition to well-known areas, can be implemented in some special way. For example, a world-famous musician, for a number of objective reasons, began to feel a certain limitation of his concert activity and decided to expand his potential. Using personal experience, as well as some technical means, the artist creates a previously unknown musical instrument, which makes a revolution in the world of music. This is where true creativity lies. History knows many such examples.

Among the main types of human creative activity, we can distinguish the following:

1. Social creative activity

2. Scientific creative activity

3. Technical creative activity

4. Artistic creative activity

Creativity as a social action. The concept of social action is associated primarily with the practical activities of people in the sphere of material production and the change or improvement of existing social relations. Activity should be understood as any manifestation of social activity, which is a way of existence of social reality. Social creativity is the voluntary, feasible participation of a group of people in improving, improving social relations, transforming the situation that is developing in the society around them. Such activity is always associated with the personal initiative of a person, the search for non-standard solutions, the risk of choice, personal responsibility to the public. In terms of the topic under consideration, it is essential that the following social actions can be singled out according to their direction and results (with a certain degree of conventionality): reproductive - aimed at preserving and maintaining the normal functioning of a particular social institution (in the political field, in the field of science - a system of information and education, in technology - standardization). In this case, the interpretation of creativity as a specific type of social action makes it possible to combine its analysis in the psychological and logical aspects with a discussion of the problem on a broader sociological plane. The foregoing is fully applicable to the understanding of scientific creativity.

Creativity in science. Scientific creativity is "an activity aimed at the production of new knowledge that receives social approbation and is included in the system of science", "a set of higher cognitive processes that expand the boundaries of scientific knowledge". Creativity in science requires, first of all, the acquisition of fundamentally new socially significant knowledge; this has always been the most important social function of science. Consideration of scientific creativity in the aspect of social action requires, as we see, the involvement in the analysis of a set of problems caused by the structure of modern science: the ratio of experimental and fundamental research, management of scientific activity, personnel, information system, financing, planning and organization of science, implementation of scientific research results into production , social orientation scientific action, etc. Such questions are within the competence of the now emerging "science of science", science of science.

Technical creativity. The transformation of science into a direct productive force in modern conditions finds its expression in the emergence and functioning of a single system "science - technology - production". Therefore, the analysis of scientific creativity as a social phenomenon also requires the consideration of creativity in technology as one of the necessary components of a holistic social action. The starting point for the analysis of technical creativity is the understanding of it as an essential aspect of social practice. Practice is a socio-historical activity of people aimed at transforming nature and improving the system of social relations. In practice, a person opposes nature as an object of his activity, transforms it expediently and satisfies his needs. Human needs are based on production and determine the production of necessary products. Practical action is realized on the basis of the social subject's awareness of the purpose of the activity, the means of achieving it, as well as the features of the object of transformation. In the process of practice, human needs are objectified, the subjective becomes objective. Objectification is the transformation of the goal from the form of subjective activity into the form of an object. In its highest and most complete form, objectification appears in terms of the expression of the essential forces of man: as a creator. Idea is the universal means of creative activity. The reflection in the idea of ​​the properties of an object coincides with the desire of a person to transform it into a socially significant value. In practice, the object is transformed in accordance with human needs. The content of the idea here passes into the form of activity and from it into the form of being of the created object.

Being socially a certain integrity, practice is found in various forms. One of its essential manifestations is technical practice. The content and levels of this type of practice form the operation, manufacture and design of technology. The product of technical practice is the technique, reliability and efficiency of the functioning of technical devices. Its means are various devices, industrial equipment and test benches, and from the point of view of ideas - scientific, technical and natural science theories. Technical practice forms the immediate basis of technical creativity. Outside of it, without connection with it, there is and cannot be creativity in the field of technology. The creative process in technology, covering both the search for an idea and its implementation, both the development of a person’s spiritual potentials and the creation of an object, is a kind of synthesis of spiritual and material production.

Essence of artistic creation. Unlike scientific and technical creativity artistic creativity does not have a direct focus on novelty, is not identified with the production of a new one, although originality is usually present among the criteria for artistic creativity and artistic talent. At the same time, art never denied the strength and power of scientific methods and used them to the extent that they helped to solve the main task of art - the creation of aesthetic values. But at the same time, there is always in art an understanding of superiority over science in the ability to use the power of fiction, intuition and fantasy. Art as a type of human life activity differs, in particular from science, in that the elements of illusory and fantasizing are not only present in the final results of artistic creativity, but also have the same greater value than the results of direct scientific analysis, synthesis, experiment and observation. Thanks to fantasy and fiction, integrity and imagery are realized in art, and art acquires strength and independence.

The relationship of types of creativity An analysis of the social nature of creativity presupposes consideration of its specific types, and along with them, consideration of the types of activity. First of all, two major types of activity can be distinguished: material-practical and spiritual-theoretical. Both, in turn, include a number of smaller varieties. Practical activity is connected with various branches of production, management, service (industry, agriculture, medicine, etc.). Spiritual and theoretical activity finds expression in various forms of social consciousness (morality, science, art, legal consciousness, religion, etc.).

In accordance with various types of theoretical and practical activities, types of creativity can also be defined: scientific, technical, artistic, law-making, etc. This conclusion is generally fair, but it is also necessary to take into account specific historical conditions and the interest of individual classes, social groups in progress any particular area public life. In pre-Marxist sociology, the concept of creativity referred only to the work of artists and scientists, while other types of activity were declared uncreative (especially physical labor). But over time, the relationship between different types of creativity people began to interpret as mutual influence, and not in terms of displacement or complete absorption of one of them by another.

Creative activity is a multi-valued concept. It can be fine arts, and the creation of musical compositions, and poetry, and the organization of any creative evenings or master classes. In general, the organization of something is the creative process.

CREATIVITY AS A SPECIAL TYPE OF ACTIVITY

The concept of "creativity" includes the following features:

1. Creativity - an activity aimed at meeting the needs of a person in creating new spiritual and material values.

2. Creativity is original in its essence, since new techniques, methods and means are used in the process of creative activity.

3. Creativity - combining known actions to obtain a new result.

4. Creativity reflects reality. A person in the process of creative activity reveals the possibilities of new connections in his activity, expands and deepens his knowledge of reality. Therefore, creativity is a form of cognition of reality.

5. Creativity - the process of setting and solving non-standard tasks, the process of resolving various kinds of contradictions.

6. Creativity is a form of qualitative development of activity.

7. Creativity is the highest form of qualitative development of a person and is inherent only in a person.

8. Creativity is the highest type of human activity, it is primary in relation to performing activities.

9. Creativity acts in the unity of spiritual and material principles. In this unity, the spiritual principle precedes material creativity. In the process of spiritual creativity or thinking, future actions are planned, the materialization of which is carried out in practice. Thinking is revealed in two functions - reflection and creativity. The main reason for the emergence of consciousness - thinking lies precisely in the creative transformation of reality.

10. Creativity - the essence of a person, the method and form of his initiative, self-development and self-affirmation.

11. Creativity is a manifestation of the laws and categories of dialectics. Dialectical logic is the logic of creative thinking. Dialectics, thinking, practice - all of them are united in creativity.

The essence of creativity and its laws is known through the structure of creativity. In the theory of creativity, the problem of structure is fundamental. Difficulties in identifying the structure of creative activity are associated with a variety of types, stages, stages, phases, subordination and features of the manifestation of creativity.

Creationis a psychologically complex process. It is not limited to any one side, but exists as a synthesis of cognitive, emotional and volitional spheres human consciousness. Creativity is closely related to personality traits (character, abilities, interests, etc.).

For all the versatility of the creative process, imagination occupies a special place in it. It is, as it were, a center, a focus, around which, figuratively speaking, other mental processes and properties are crowded, which ensure its functioning. The flight of fantasy in the creative process is provided by knowledge (obtained by thinking), supported by abilities and purposefulness, accompanied by an emotional tone. And all this totality of mental activity, where the imagination performs leading role, can lead to great discoveries, inventions, the creation of diverse values ​​in all kinds human activity.

Creativity is the highest level of knowledge. It cannot be done without the prior accumulation of knowledge. You can discover something new only by mastering all the knowledge already obtained in this area.

Creativity has general principles and stages, regardless of the type of activity. At the same time, this does not exclude the regularities and stages characteristic of creativity within a specific content.

Stages of the creative processtaken in general terms.

1. The birth of an idea, the implementation of which is carried out in a creative act.

2. The concentration of knowledge directly and indirectly related to this problem, obtaining the missing information.

3. Conscious and unconscious work on the material, decomposition and connection, enumeration of options, insight.

4. Verification and revision.

Creativity can be considered in two ways - as a component of any activity and as an independent activity. There is an opinion that in any activity there is an element of creativity, that is, a moment of a new, original approach to its implementation. In this case, any stage of activity can act as a creative element - from posing a problem to finding operational ways to perform actions. When creativity is aimed at finding a new, original, perhaps previously unknown solution, it acquires the status of activity and is a complex multi-level system. In this system, specific motives, goals, methods of action are singled out, and the features of their dynamics are recorded.

The basis of the creative process is an intuitive mechanism, which is determined by the duality of the result of the activity. One part of the result of an activity, corresponding to a consciously set goal, is called a direct product, and the other, not corresponding to the goal and obtained in addition to a conscious intention, is called a by-product. An unconscious, by-product of activity can lead to an unexpected solution, the way of which is not realized. This solution is called intuitive. The main features of an intuitive solution are the presence of a sensual image, the integrity of perception and the unconsciousness of the way the result is obtained.

In modern interpretations of the creative process, much attention is paid not so much to the principle of activity as to the principle of interaction, since the activity approach is based on the correspondence between the goal and the result, while creativity, on the contrary, arises in conditions of a mismatch between the goal and the result.

Creativity is understood as a developing interaction, the movement mechanism of which has certain phases of functioning. If we compare the phases of solving a creative problem by an adult, mentally developed person with the formation of the ability to act in the mind in children, it turns out that the forms of behavior of children at the stages of development of the ability to act in the mind are similar to the forms of behavior of adults at the corresponding stages of solving a creative problem.

1. The phase of arbitrary, logical search. At this stage, the knowledge necessary for solving a creative problem is updated, the solution of which cannot be obtained directly by logical inference from the existing premises. The researcher consciously selects facts that contribute to an effective solution, generalizes and transfers previously acquired knowledge to new conditions; puts forward hypotheses, applies methods of analysis and synthesis of initial data. At this stage, a conscious idea of ​​the result of the activity and ways of its purposeful achievement prevails.

2. Phase of an intuitive decision. This phase is characterized by an unconscious search for a way to solve problems, which is based on the principle of duality of the result of a person's action, i.e., the presence of direct (conscious) and side (unconscious) products of action. Under certain conditions, a by-product can have a regulatory effect on human actions. These conditions are:

The presence of a by-product in an unconscious experience;

High level of search motivation;

Clearly and simply formulated task;

Lack of automation of the method of action.

The need for an intuitive solution to the problem arises if at the previous stage the chosen logical methods were inadequate for solving the problem and other ways to achieve the goal were required. The level of awareness of behavior at the stage of intuitive decision is reduced, and the solution found looks like unexpected and spontaneous.

3. The phase of verbalizing an intuitive solution. The intuitive solution to the problem at the previous stage of the creative process is carried out unconsciously. Only the result (fact) of the decision is realized. At the stage of verbalization of an intuitive solution, the solution method is explained and its verbal formulation is carried out. The basis for understanding the result and the method of solving the problem is the inclusion of a person in the process of interaction (communication) with any other person, for example, an experimenter, to whom the process of solving the problem is described.

4. Phase of formalization of the verbalized solution. At this stage, the task of logical design of a method for solving a new problem is formulated. The process of formalizing the decision occurs at a conscious level.

The phases of the creative process are considered as structural levels of the organization of the psychological mechanism of behavior, replacing each other in the course of its implementation. The solution of creative problems is carried out through various combinations of levels of organization of the psychological mechanism of creativity. The general psychological criterion of creativity is a change in the dominant levels of organization of the psychological mechanism of creativity, i.e., those levels that are involved in the process of solving a creative problem (problem statement, choice of means of solution, etc.).

Creative activity arises in the conditions of solving creative problems, and any person can feel like a creator for some time. Nevertheless, a differential psychological analysis of people's behavior in various life situations shows that there is such a type of personality that uses original ways of solving any life problems - this is the type of creative personality. The main feature of a creative person is creativity.

Creativity - integrative quality of the human psyche, which provides productive transformations in the activity of the individual, allowing you to satisfy the need for research activity. A creative person differs from other people in a number of ways:

- cognitive (high sensitivity to subsensory stimuli; sensitivity to the unusual, unique, single; ability to perceive phenomena in a certain system, in a complex way; memory for rare events; developed imagination and fantasy; developed divergent thinking as a strategy for generalizing many solutions to one problem, etc.);

- emotional (high emotional excitability, overcoming the state of anxiety, the presence of sthenic emotions);

- motivational (the need for understanding, research, self-expression and self-affirmation, the need for autonomy and independence);

- communicative (initiative, tendency to leadership, spontaneity). Creativity as one of the types of activity and creativity as a stable set of features that contribute to the search for a new, original, atypical, ensure the progress of social development. At the level of public interests, creativity is indeed considered as a heuristic way of life, but at the level of a social group, the behavior of a creative person can be assessed as an activity that is not consistent with the norms and regulations adopted in a given community of people. Creativity can be viewed as a form of behavior that is not consistent with accepted norms, but at the same time does not violate the legal and moral prescriptions of the group.

The content of human labor in modern conditions is measured not only by the degree of its intensity, but also by the level of manifestation of creativity. Moreover, an objective trend is observed - with the development of society, the intensity and amount of physical labor decreases, while intellectual, creative labor increases.The assessment of labor and the worker is also changing. . Creative work, and hence a creatively working person, is acquiring greater social significance.

In modern conditions, philosophers, sociologists, teachers, psychologists pay attention to the problem of creativity and creative personality. It has been convincingly proven that the inclinations of creative abilities are inherent in any person, any normal child. The difference lies only in the scale of achievements and their social significance.

Important is the conclusion of psychological and pedagogical science that creative abilities must be developed from an early age. In pedagogy, it is considered proven that if creative activity is not taught from a sufficiently early age, then the child will suffer damage that is difficult to repair in subsequent years. Therefore, creativity must be taught from an early age, and this can be taught.

A common way to develop creative abilities is to include children in creative activities.

As you know, the main work of children is study. Therefore, it is necessary to make this work of students creative.

Unfortunately, reproductive education dominates in our school. The learning process is often the transfer of information from the teacher to the students. In this case, the teacher acts as a transmitter of "memory devices". And the student succeeds the better, the more accurately in the next lesson he reproduces the knowledge received in finished form.

Reproductively acquired knowledge and skills are not applied in practice.

In labor training, even more than in other academic subjects, reproductive methods of teaching are used. Teachers rarely resort to solving technical problems, using problematicness, technical experimentation, heuristic conversations, etc. The polytechnic principle of education requires a significant deepening. At the present stage of the development of science and technology, labor training must be arranged in such a way that students not only get acquainted with modern achievements in technology and production, but also receive generalized knowledge about them, are involved, even in the smallest possible way, in improving production.

It can be argued that only in the process of learning at school, even the most creative one, it is impossible to develop the creative personality traits to the proper extent. We need direct, practical activity in a specific form of creativity - technical, artistic, etc.

Children's technical creativity of students - the most massive form of attracting students to creativity.

In the definition of the concept"children's technical creativity" There are 2 points of viewpedagogical and psychological.

teachers consider children's technical creativity not only as an activity aimed at familiarizing students with the diverse world of technology, developing their abilities, but also as one of the effective wayslabor education and political education.

Psychologists in children's technical creativity, more attention is paid to the timely identification of studentsabilities to a certain kind of creativity,established level their formation and sequence of development. In other words, psychologists have importantmethods of correct diagnostics of creative abilities students who will help to understand in what type of activity and under what conditions students will be able to express themselves most productively.

Taking into account the pedagogical and psychological points of viewchildren's technical creativity - this is an effective means of education, a purposeful process of learning and developing the creative abilities of students as a result of the creation of material objects with signs of usefulness and novelty.

New in children's technical creativity is mainly subjective. Students often invent what has already been invented, and the manufactured product or the decision made is new only for its creator, however, the pedagogical benefits of creative work are undeniable.

The result of the creative activity of students -a set of qualities of a creative personality:

mental activity;

the desire to acquire knowledge and form skills to perform practical work;

independence in solving the task;

diligence;

ingenuity.

An analysis of psychological and pedagogical research and experience allows us to conclude thattechnical creativity creates, first of all, favorable conditions for the development of technical thinking of students.

Firstly , it develops on the basis of ordinary thinking, i.e. all the constituent components of ordinary thinking are inherent in technical thinking. For example, one of the most important operations of ordinary thinking is comparison. It turns out that withoutunthinkable and technical thinking . The same can be said about such operations of thinking asopposition, classification, analysis, synthesis, etc. It is only characteristic that the operations of thinking listed above in technical activity are developed on technical material.

Secondly, conventional thinking creates psycho-physiological prerequisites for the development of technical thinking. As a result of ordinary thinking, the child's brain develops, its associative sphere, memory, and the flexibility of thinking is acquired.

However, the conceptual and figurative apparatus of ordinary thinking does not have the concepts and images that are necessary for technical thinking. For example, concepts taken frommetal technology, include information from various sciences (physics, chemistry, etc.)They are not a mechanical conglomeration of information, but are the unity of the essential features of a technological process or phenomenon, considered from the point of view of different sciences.

In technical thinking, in contrast to ordinary thinking, the images that the student operates are also significantly different. Information about the shape of a technical object, its dimensions and other features is not given by ready-made images, as in ordinary thinking, but by a system of abstract graphic signs and lines -drawing. Moreover, the drawing does not give a ready-made image of a particular concept,you have to present it yourself.

The above features of technical thinking allow us to conclude that the formation of its main components should be carried out not only in the learning process, but also in all types of extracurricular work on technical creativity.

Particular attention in the process of technical creativity of students should be given to the formation of technical concepts, spatial representations, and the ability to draw up and read drawings and diagrams.

In the process of technical creativity, students inevitably improve their skills in the use of machine equipment and tools.

Technical creativity is of no small importance for expanding the polytechnic horizons of schoolchildren. In the process of creative technical activity, students are faced with the need for additional knowledge about technology:

♦♦♦ in the study of special literature;

♦♦♦ in familiarization with the latest technology;

♦♦♦ in expert advice.

Creative activity contributes to the formation of a transformative attitude towards the surrounding reality in schoolchildren. A person who is not engaged in creative activity develops a commitment to generally accepted views and opinions. This leads to the fact that in his activity, work and thinking he cannot go beyond the known.

If young children are included in creative activities, then they develop inquisitiveness of mind, flexibility of thinking, memory, ability to evaluate, vision of problems, ability to foresee and other qualities characteristic of a person with a developed intellect.

One of the main pedagogical requirements for student creative activity is to take into account the age characteristics of schoolchildren. Without taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the psyche of children, it is impossible to correctly correlate the goal, motives and means of achieving the goal.

Of great importance in creative activity iscontinuity of the creative process.

In the development of creative personality traits, it is of great importanceproductivity of creative work. Of particular value is the work aimed atproduction improvement, equipment efficiency improvement, etc.

Creation as the spirit of human freedom; freedom as creativity of the human spirit; spirit as the freedom of human creativity. The main criterion that distinguishes creativity from manufacturing (production) is the uniqueness of its result. The result of creativity cannot be directly deduced from the initial conditions. No one but perhaps can get exactly the same result if the same initial situation is created for him. Thus, in the process of creativity, the author puts into the material some possibilities that are not reducible to labor operations or a logical conclusion, and in the end expresses some aspects of his personality. It is this fact that gives the products of creativity an additional value in comparison with the products of production.

The manifestation of creativity in any sphere of human activity has made it possible in modern studies of this problem (F.I. Ivashchenko, A.I. Kochetov, N.V. Kuzmina, V.P. Parkhomenko, E.S. Rapatsevich, I.M. Rozet) identify the following main types:

a) scientific creativity, which is directly related to research work, to the development of scientific ideas, their logical validity and evidence, to the generalization of the experience of scientists, to the latest recommendations for the development of science, etc.;

b) artistic creativity, which is embodied in works of literature, music, visual arts and so on.;

c) technical creativity related to constructive and technical activities, to the process of developing creative initiative and independence, technical abilities, the formation of rationalization and inventive skills and abilities, ensuring the scientific and technological progress of society.