M. Gorky's drama "At the Bottom" was written in 1902. The characters of this play are people who, as a result of social processes that took place at the turn of the century, were thrown to the very bottom of life.

The social conflict is present in the play primarily in the form of a confrontation between the owners of the rooming house, the Kostylevs, and its inhabitants. Kostylev appears in the eyes of the overnight stayers as a rich man who thinks only about money, seeks to ask as much as possible for a place. At the same time, Kostylev pretends to be a pious person and firmly believes that he will use the extra money received from the inhabitants of the rooming house for a good cause. “I’ll throw a half a ruble on you, I’ll pour oil into the lamp ... and my sacrifice will burn in front of the holy icon ...,” he insinuatingly says to Kleshch. However, the hostels themselves are kinder and more sympathetic than Kostylev: The actor helps the dying Anna, Vaska Pepel sincerely loves Natalya. And Kostylev is sure that “kindness of the heart” cannot be equated with money in any case, which he tells the Actor about: “Kindness is above all blessings. And your debt to me - this is the debt! So you have to pay me back…”

Vasilisa, Kostylev's wife and hostess of the hostel, loves to show her superiority over the hostels. Allegedly keeping order in the rooms, she threatens to call the orderlies who “will come and impose a fine”, and after that she will expel all the inhabitants of the rooming house. But her superiority and power are imaginary, about which, after her angry tirade, Bubnov reminds her: “And what will you live on?”

Thus, there is practically no difference between the owners of the hostel and their guests. Kostylev buys a stolen watch from the thief Vaska Ash, his wife Vasilisa had an affair with the same Vaska. Therefore, the conflict between the Kostylevs and the room-beds has not so much a social as a moral basis: after all, Kostylev and his wife are people without a heart and conscience. Vasilisa persuades Vaska Pepel to kill Kostylev, who, according to her, is torturing her and her sister. Ash condemns her: "... you have no soul, woman."

Policeman Medvedev, the uncle of Vasilisa and Natalya, also does not look like a harsh representative of the law. He complains about his restless service, regrets that it is necessary to constantly separate the fighters: “Let them beat each other freely, as much as they like ... they would fight less, because the beatings would be remembered longer.” With a rooming house Bubnov, he comes to play checkers, and the dumpling merchant Kvashnya proposes to marry him. In the play "At the Bottom" social differences between all the characters are erased. The concept of the bottom expands and captures everyone actors, and not just the inhabitants of the rooming house.

Each of the heroes who found themselves at the bottom experienced their own conflict with society in the past. The actor is brought to the rooming house by drunkenness, he admits that he "drank away his soul." Because of this, the Actor loses faith in himself and his talent. Only with the arrival of Luka, a wonderful old man who manages to restore faith in the future to many shelters, the Actor remembers his name “on the stage”: Sverchkov-Zavolzhsky. However, in the rooming house he has no name, just as there is no past or future. Although the Actor constantly quotes the lines of immortal plays, he misrepresents their words, adjusts them to the overnight life: “I get drunk - like ... forty thousand drunkards ...” (a modified line from Hamlet), The Actor commits suicide, being not able to resist the oppressive and sucking, depersonalizing reality of the bottom of life.

Rarely remembers his past life sharper Bubnov. Previously, he was a furrier, "had his own establishment." His wife "contacted" with the master, a "dodger", according to Bubnov himself, and a great fighter. Bubnov planned to kill his wife, but left in time, escaping from hard labor. But for the fact that now he has to lead such a lifestyle, Bubnov blames not his insidious wife, but himself: his drinking and laziness. He looks with surprise at his hands, which, as it seemed to him, will never be washed off from yellow paint, and sees that now they are just dirty. If before the hands were the hallmark of his profession, now he belongs entirely to the faceless brotherhood of rooming houses, which he himself says: “It turns out - outside, no matter how you paint yourself, everything will be erased ... everything will be erased, yes!”

Satin, when he was a boy, worked at the telegraph office. The baron was a real aristocrat, he studied, "wore the uniform of a noble institute", and then went to prison for embezzlement. The whole life of the baron appears to readers as a change of several costumes, several masks: from a noble uniform, a dressing gown, a cap with a cockade to a prisoner's dressing gown and clothes of a rooming house.

Together with these heroes, the cheat Satin, the thief Pepel, the walking girl Nastya, the market cook Kvashnya, and Tatarin live under the same roof. However, in the rooming house, social differences between them are erased, they all become just people. As Bubnov notes: "...everything faded, one naked man remained ..." The social conflicts that determined their fate remain in the past, are excluded from the main action of the play. We see only the result of social troubles that have so tragically affected people's lives.

However, the very title of the play "At the Bottom" suggests the presence of social tension. After all, if there is a bottom of life, there must be something above this bottom; there must also be a swift course of a bright, bright, joyful life. The overnight stays do not hope to ever have such a life. All of them, with the exception of Klesh, are turned to the past or are immersed in worries about the present. But the Tick is not so much full of hope as of impotent malice. It seems to him that he lives in a dirty rooming house only for the sake of Anna, his dying wife, but nothing changes after her death. The faith of the inhabitants of the rooming house in the possibility of a new life is restored by Luke, the "crafty old man", but it turns out to be fragile and quickly fades away.

"At the Bottom" is not just a social, but a socio-philosophical drama. What makes a person a person, what helps and prevents him from living, gaining human dignity- the author of the play "At the Bottom" is looking for answers to these questions. Thus, the main subject of the image in the play is the thoughts and feelings of the overnight stays in all their inconsistency. Gorky shows that those who, by the will of fate, fell to the very bottom of life, their situation does not seem tragic, unbearable, hopeless. The fact that their environment, the oppressive atmosphere of the rooming house pushes people to theft, drunkenness, murder, seems to its inhabitants a normal course of life. But the author's point of view differs from the position of his characters. He shows that the inhuman conditions of the bottom lead to impoverishment spiritual world man, even such an exalted feeling as love leads to hatred, fight, murder, hard labor. Among the inhabitants of the rooming house, only Satin "awakens" to life, utters a furious monologue about the greatness of man. However, the speech of this hero is only the first step towards changing the consciousness of people who have fallen to the bottom of life, the first attempt to overcome social conditions that put pressure on a free person.

The purpose of the lesson: to create a problem situation and encourage students to express their own point of view on the image of Luke and his position in life.

Methodical techniques: discussion, analytical conversation.

Lesson equipment: portrait and photographs of A.M. Gorky of different years.

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During the classes.

1. Analytical conversation.

Let us turn to the extra-event series of the drama and see how the conflict develops here.

How do the inhabitants of the rooming house perceive their situation before the appearance of Luke?

(In the exposition, we see people, in fact, resigned to their humiliating position. The roommates languidly, habitually quarrel, and the Actor says to Satin: “One day they will completely kill you ... to death ...” “And you are a blockhead,” Satin snaps. “Why "- the Actor is surprised. "Because - you can’t kill twice." These words of Sateen show his attitude to the existence that they all lead in a rooming house. This is not life, they are all already dead. It seems everything is clear. But the response is interesting Actor: “I don’t understand… why not?” Perhaps it is the Actor, who has died more than once on the stage, who understands the horror of the situation more deeply than others. After all, it is he who commits suicide at the end of the play.)

- What is the meaning of using the past tense in the self-characteristics of the characters?

(People feel like “former”: “Satin. I was an educated person” (the paradox is that the past tense is impossible in this case). “Bubnov. I was a furrier.” Bubnov utters a philosophical maxim: don’t paint yourself, everything will be erased ... everything will be erased, yes!”).

Which character is opposed to the rest?

(Only one Kleshch has not yet resigned himself to his fate. He separates himself from the rest of the rooming houses: “What kind of people are they? Ran, a golden company ... people! I am a working person ... I am ashamed to look at them ... I have been working since I was young ... I won’t get out of here? )

Which scene is the beginning of the conflict?

(The outset of the conflict is the appearance of Luka. He immediately announces his views on life: “I don’t care! I respect crooks, in my opinion, not a single flea is bad: everyone is black, everyone jumps ... that’s it.” And also: “An old man - where it’s warm, there is a homeland ...” Luka is in the center of attention of the guests: “What an interesting old man you brought Natasha ...” - and all the development of the plot is concentrated on him.)

How does Luke affect the overnight stays?

(Luka quickly finds an approach to the rooming houses: “I’ll take a look at you, brothers, - your life - oh-oh! ....” He pities Alyoshka: “Oh, boy, you are confused ....” He does not respond to rudeness, skillfully bypasses questions that are unpleasant for him, is ready to sweep the floor instead of bed-beds. Luka becomes necessary for Anna, pities her: “How can you leave a person like that?” Luka skillfully flatters Medvedev, calling him “under”, and he immediately falls for this bait.)

What do we know about Luke?

(Luka says almost nothing about himself, we only learn: “They crushed a lot, that’s why he is soft ...”.)

What does Luke say to each of the inhabitants of the rooming house?

(In each of them, Luka sees a person, reveals their bright sides, the essence of personality, and this makes a revolution in the lives of the heroes. It turns out that the prostitute Nastya dreams of beautiful and bright love; the drunken Actor receives hope for a cure for alcoholism; the thief Vaska Pepel plans to leave to Siberia and start there new life with Natalia, become a strong master. Anna Luka gives consolation: “Nothing, nothing more will be needed, and there is nothing to be afraid of! Silence, peace - lie to yourself! Luke reveals the good in every person and inspires faith in the best.)

Did Luke lie to the rooming-houses?

(There may be different opinions on this matter. Luke selflessly tries to help people, inspire faith in themselves, awaken the best sides of nature. He sincerely wishes for good, shows real ways to achieve a new, a better life. After all, there really are hospitals for alcoholics, indeed Siberia is the golden side, and not just a place of exile and hard labor. As for the afterlife with which he beckons Anna, the question is more complicated; it is a matter of faith and religious beliefs. What did he lie about? When Luka convinces Nastya that he believes in her feelings, in her love: “If you believe, you had real love… so it was! Was!" - he only helps her find the strength in herself for life, for real, not fictional love.)

How do the inhabitants of the rooming house feel about Luke's words?

(The overnight stayers are at first distrustful of his words: “Why are you all lying?” Luka does not deny this, he answers the question with a question: “And ... why do you really need it painfully ... think about it! She, really, can , butt for you ... ". Even to a direct question about God, Luka answers evasively: "If you believe, there is; if you don’t believe, no ... What you believe, that is ... ".)

What groups can the characters in the play be divided into?

"believers" "non-believers"

Anna believes in God. Tick ​​no longer believes in anything.

Tatar - in Allah. Bubnov never believed in anything.

Nastya - in fatal love.

Baron - in his past, perhaps invented.

What is the sacred meaning of the name "Luke"?

(The name "Luka" has a dual meaning: this name resembles the evangelist Luka, meaning "bright", and at the same time associated with the word "evil" (hell).)

(The author's position is expressed in the development of the plot. After Luka's departure, everything happens completely different from what Luka convinced and how the heroes expected. Vaska Pepel really ends up in Siberia, but only to hard labor, for the murder of Kostylev, and not as a free settler. The actor who lost faith in himself, in his strength, exactly repeats the fate of the hero of Luke's parable about the righteous land.Luke, telling a parable about a man who, having lost faith in the existence of a righteous land, strangled himself, believes that a person cannot be deprived of dreams, hopes, even imaginary. while showing the fate of the Actor, he assures the reader and viewer that it is precisely false hope that can lead a person to suicide.)

Gorky himself wrote about his plan: “The main question I wanted to pose is what is better, truth or compassion. What is needed. Is it necessary to bring compassion to the point of using lies, like Luke? This is not a subjective question, but a general philosophical one.

Gorky contrasts not truth and falsehood, but truth and compassion. How justified is this opposition?

(This belief did not have time to gain a foothold in the minds of the roommates, it turned out to be fragile and lifeless, with the disappearance of Luka, hope goes out.)

What is the reason for the rapid fading of faith?

(Perhaps the point is the weakness of the heroes themselves, their inability and unwillingness to do at least something to implement new plans. Dissatisfaction with reality, a sharply negative attitude towards it, is combined with a complete unwillingness to do anything to change this reality.)

How does Luke explain the failures of the overnight stay life?

(Luke explains the failures of the life of the rooming houses by external circumstances, does not at all blame the heroes themselves for the failed life. Therefore, they were so drawn to him and so disappointed, having lost their external support with the departure of Luke.)

Luke is a living image, precisely because he is contradictory and ambiguous.

1. Discussion of D.Z.

The philosophical question posed by Gorky himself: what is better - truth or compassion? The question of truth is multifaceted. Each person understands the truth in his own way, having in mind some final, higher truth. Let's see how the truth and lies correlate in the drama "At the Bottom".

What do the characters in the play mean by truth?

(This word has many meanings. See the dictionary.

There are two levels of "truth".

D.Z.

Prepare for an essay on the work of M. Gorky.

Introductory lesson on Gorky's play "At the bottom".

Getting to know the characters. Conflict and Issues. Analysis of the 1st action.

Lesson Objectives:

educational: to promote the development of cognitive interest in Gorky's work; develop the ability to carefully read the list of characters in a dramatic work; bring up attention to the word; to promote the development of new forms of search, processing and analysis of information; organize the activities of students to identify the predictive power of Gorky's play in comparison with other works;

developing : to promote the formation of communicative competence among high school students; create conditions for the development of creativity in the classroom; use pedagogical techniques to increase motivation with the subsequent development of cognitive activity; consolidate the ability to analyze, investigate and evaluate piece of art and his heroes;

educational: involve students in moral values; promote a sense of collective cooperation and civic responsibility.

Equipment:

Projector (presentation for the lesson, slides);

Portrait of M. Gorky;

Illustrations for the novel;

Table: characterization of heroes;

Lesson type : work on a new topic with a comprehensive application of students' knowledge, a lesson-thinking (talk on questions, associative thinking, filling out a table about heroes, extracting quotes-aphorisms).

Dictionary: drama, play, conflict, polylogue.

Methodical methods:

Study of the poster: (title of the play, meaning of names, professions, ages of heroes; prototypes of heroes);

Comprehension of the title of the work "At the bottom", work with the word;

Filling in the table: quotes about heroes, language features;- expressive reading on the roles of the 1st act.

Textbook: "Russian Literature of the 20th Century" edited by Yu.I. Lyssogo

The main question that

I wanted to put in a play

"At the bottom" - which is better:

Truth or Compassion?

M Gorky

Gorky piled up the mountain

greatest suffering...

and united with a burning desire

to truth and justice.

L. Andreev about the play "At the Bottom"

During the classes

Organizational moment. Lesson topic message: “Studying philosophical drama about the purpose and possibilities of Man, about the essence of the human relationship to Man. Referring to the epigraphs of the lesson, commenting on them.

Repetition . Dramatic works. What is the nature of drama? Why is this the most difficult kind of art to perceive?

Student responses.

Drama (Greek) . - "action") - the most effective kind of literature. It is meant to be staged. Therefore, the playwright, unlike the author of an epic work, cannot directly express his position - the only exceptions are the author's remarks, which are intended for the reader or actor, but which the viewer will not see. The playwright is also limited in the volume of the work (the performance can go on for two or three hours) and in the number of characters (all of them must fit on the stage and have time to realize themselves).

Teacher . Therefore, in the drama, a special burden falls on the conflict - a sharp clash between the characters on a very significant occasion for them. Otherwise, the characters simply will not be able to realize themselves in the limited amount of drama and stage space. The playwright ties such a knot, when unraveling it, a person shows himself from all sides. At the same time, there can be no superfluous heroes in the drama - all heroes must be included in the conflict.

Before you start studying the piece, explain your association with the word "bottom".

Student response options:the bottom is garbage, a pit, the dregs of society, a fall, bankruptcy, hopelessness.

Teacher: What does it mean to be at the "bottom"?

Students: to be powerless, to do nothing, not to work, to become a beggar.

Teacher: Gorky wrote this play at the beginning of the last century. Has anything changed?

Students : Hardly ever. There are rooming houses, the poor, the homeless.

Teacher: thus, the topic that the author identified is still relevant.

And now let's dwell on the poster, get acquainted with the characters. The presence of a conflict is already indicated in the title of the play and the poster.

Projector:

• Gorky rejected the original titles of the play - "Without the Sun", "Nochlezhka", "Bottom", "At the Bottom of Life".
• The decisive word on the choice of the name "At the bottom" belonged to L. N. Andreev.
• . On December 18, 1902, the premiere of Gorky's play "At the Bottom" took place.
• For the first time, the audience saw a terrible world on stage. former people", Bosyakov.

Teacher adds: the tense silence, interrupted at times by either sobs or angry cries, testified to how shocked the hall was ... , caused such a frantic reaction from the audience that Nemirovich-Danchenko whispered to the actors from behind the scenes to play "easier". He feared that the police would not let the play end.

• What could attract the audience to the title of the play?

"Bottom" was called Khitrov market. Every intelligent person should be familiar with this, Gorky believed. Conflict , of course, is already indicated in the title. After all, the very fact of the existence of the "bottom" of life implies the presence of an "upper stream", to which the characters strive.

Question : Why are some actors named only by their last names,

others - by name, others - in full, with an indication of the occupation?

• The very name of the play and the list of characters speak of social conflicts, the victims of which were the heroes of the play, who found themselves at the "bottom" of life, in a rooming house.

Hero Prototypes

• As Gorky himself pointed out, he observed the prototypes of heroes in Nizhny Novgorod. Almost every hero had their own prototype:
• artist Kolosovsky-Sokolovskyserved as the prototype of the Actor;
• Bubnova Gorky wrote not only from his tramp acquaintance, but also from one intellectual, his teacher;
• In Nizhny Novgorod, and in other places, Gorky saw many wanderers, so that the writer had accumulated a huge amount of material for creating image of Luke.
• satin also written from a specific person.
  The heroes of the play "At the Bottom" turned out to be generalized, collective images, although they are no doubt typical, they are familiar and close to Gorky.

Let's talk about first names

What associations do you have in connection with the surname LUKA?

One of the evangelists, Gorky, gives him a name that is dear to him. (Newspaper "Moskovskie Vedomosti", December 23, 1902: "This wanderer entered the basement like a ray of bright sun, illuminating everything bad in it ... and ... awakening to life the sprouts of goodness.")

First name Luka comes from the word "evil". This is exactly how Gorky's contemporaries see the old man (D. Merezhkovsky: "The religion of the evil old man is a religion of lies").

A contemporary of M. Gorky, Archbishop Luka (1877-1961) lived in Krasnoyarsk. He was a famous priest and surgeon, a man worthy of respect. Of course, he was known to Gorky. Archbishop Luka of Krasnoyarsk spent twelve years in Stalin's camps. In October 2002, in honor of the 125th anniversary of his birth, a monument was unveiled in Krasnoyarsk. A priest and a surgeon in a padded jacket - this is how the sculptor saw him.

What associations do you have in connection with the surname Satin?

• Satin - in this name the sound of the word "Satan". But what test will he come up with? Maybe Satin is testing a person with the possibility of a new faith?

What does the occupation of the characters indicate?

Tick ​​- locksmith,

Kvashnya - a seller of dumplings,

Alyoshka - shoemaker,

Krivoy Goiter and Tatarin are key keeper.

Answers: All these are necessary professions, that is, these people can earn a living. But they don't work. This is also a social conflict. The very title of the play and the list of characters speak about social conflicts the victims of which were the heroes of the play, who found themselves at the "bottom" of life, in a rooming house.

Part of the social conflict islove conflict(it is indicated on the poster by the difference in the age of the Kostylevs, the presence of a girl with the tender name Natasha).

It is clear that here, in the conditions of the "bottom", the most exalted feelings will not bring happiness.

Let's turn to the heroes. What is the age of the overnight stays? What does it say?

Klesch and Kvashnya are 40 years old, Anna is 30, Bubnov is 45. This is the most productive age. And this is also the age at which a person should already develop, have something behind him. But these people are in a rooming house, they have nothing.

Baron is 33 years old. This is the age of Jesus Christ. Why does Gorky (and we know that nothing happens by chance with a great artist) gives the age of Christ to one of the unloved heroes with the nickname Baron? Perhaps, by analyzing the play, revealing the image of the hero, we will answer this question.

Teacher: before than to start reading on the roles of the 1st act, I ask you to give brief information about the heroes. (Individual messages) Students fill out a table about the characters, continue to work at home, draw conclusions and pass after studying the work.

Table-study of the fate of the heroes in Gorky's play "At the Bottom".

Getting to know the characters. Mite.

• Only six months is in a rooming house.

• It is most painful for him, a working man, to realize that he is doomed to live among people who are without work.

• The tick lives by one desire to escape to the surface.

• In the 1st act - twice the remark "sullenly". This is the darkest figure. He soberly looks at life and gloomily in front of him.

• His fate is tragic, because. at the end of the play, he comes to terms with life: “There is no work ... there is no strength! There is no shelter. You need to breathe…”

Actor.

• In the past, an intelligent person, an artist. He is kind and responsive.
• The poetic nature of the Actor is confronted with the rudeness and vulgarity of the overnight stays.
• at this time, a drunkard, constantly remembering his acting past. He is harmless, does no harm to anyone, helps Anna, takes pity on her. Quoting them classical works speaks for the hero.
• He prefers solitude, the company of himself, or rather, his thoughts, dreams, memories. The remarks to his remarks are characteristic: "after a pause", "suddenly, as if waking up."
• He has no name (his name was Sverchkov-Zavolzhsky, but "no one knows this"). Like a drowning man, he clutches at any straw if it creates the illusion of this name, individuality. "My body is poisoned by alcohol." The remark "with pride" explains a lot: here I have something that others do not have.

Bubnov.

• He reached the "dead point" of the fall, finally crushed by life.
• Rude, cynical. To the request of the dying Anna to stop screaming, the abuse calmly answers: “Noise is not a hindrance to death.”
• Indifferent to the fate of his comrades. His indifference is manifested at the moment of Anna's death. “I stopped coughing,” he says.
• Once had a workshop ... drunk.
• “I'm lazy. I don’t like the passion of working.”
• From the first remarks, slow-wittedness and indifference are manifested.

Baron

• A descendant of rich and noble nobles, but in the rooming house he sank below everyone. There is not a single bright human quality in this person.
• He is still young, he is 33 years old, but he lives at the expense of Nastya, Kvashnya feeds him. Nastya is called “fool”, “whore”, “scum” - and immediately hurries to put up, cynically explaining: “If you don’t make peace, you won’t give me a drink.”
• “A lost soul, an empty man,” the tramps say about him.

Vaska Pepel.

• A hero in his strength and spiritual generosity;
• Full of protest against the "wolf life", out of anger at her, he became a thief;
• Stealing not out of greed. To him, a strong man, an idle life is boring;
• With all his soul he is drawn to the pure, so he fell in love with the honest Natasha.

Nastya.

• In the 1st act appears with the novel " fatal love(Newspapers wrote that such tabloid novels constituted the traditional "culture" of the city prostitute.)
• She had already found the "uplifting deceit" before Luke arrived.

Satin.

• Appears not with words, but with a growl. His first line is that he is a card cheat and a drunkard.
• He once served on the telegraph, was an educated person.
• Came here because I killed a villain.
• He served 4 years in prison, learned to play cards.
• He pronounces words incomprehensible to others. Organon in translation means "tool", "organ of knowledge", "mind". (Perhaps Satin means that it is not the human body that is poisoned, but the very rationality of life.) Sicambre is an ancient Germanic tribe, meaning "dark man." In these words, the superiority of Satin over the rest of the rooming houses is felt.
• Gorky's dream of transforming life sounds in his monologue.
• Monologue about Man: “Man! It's great. That sounds...proud!”

Luke.

• Appears with the words: “Good health, honest people. To Vasilisa’s question: “Who are you? - answers: "Passing ... wandering."
• It is known that he had a chance to "try" Siberia.
• In the rooming house, he tries to call everyone to a frank conversation, he is ready to give advice.
• For everyone he finds an affectionate word, consolation.

But do the inhabitants of the rooming house need it? We will answer this question later.

Reading the 1st action by roles. Text on the projector.

(in a drama, the appearance of heroes, their first lines, is important).

The action of the 1st act is preceded by detailed description basement. The author wanted to introduce the viewer into this cellar. It looks like a cave. But this is the house of the overnight stays, they are tied to their dwelling. From another world breathes cold. “Cold,” says Bubnov, it’s cold for Alyoshka, Klesch.

The task was set before the students: when reading, convey the character of their hero with intonation.

Conclusions after reading.

In the 1st act, we met with all the heroes of the play. These people are mostly indifferent to each other, often do not hear what others say, do not try to understand. In the 1st act, all the characters speak, but each, almost not listening to others, talks about his own.

The author conveys the mutual alienation of the guests of Kostylev's rooming house, the atmosphere of spiritual separation of people in the original form of a polylogue. (A polylogue is a form of speech organization in a drama, a combination of replicas of all the participants in the scene.) The characters are deliberately scattered by Gorky - each speaks about his own. Whatever the hero of the play starts talking about, he will still talk about what hurts. In the speech of the characters there are words, phrases that have symbolic meaning. (Bubnov: "And the threads are rotten..."; Bubnov - Nastya: "You are superfluous everywhere.") These words reveal the "subtextual meaning": the imaginary connections, the uselessness of these people.

Despite the abundance of replicas, the action of the 1st act is slow, "sleepy". The development of the conflict begins with the appearance of Luke.

The main theme of the play:which is better: truth or compassion? What is more needed?

Teacher: This homework, answer orally, based on the text, images of Satin and Luke, citing quotes (fill in the table).

Reflection: compose a syncwine on the topic of the lesson.