The problem of nobility has always been one of the most important for society. It remains significant to this day and will probably never lose its relevance. In every person there is both honor and dishonor, and depending on the situation and, above all, on the person himself, one of these opposing qualities may prevail over the other. This difficult question has always worried the public and therefore is reflected in many works of classical literature.
A striking example of such a work is the novel by Leo Tolstoy
"War and Peace".
Tolstoy's heroes are ambiguous in terms of honor and dishonor. Among them there are characters for whom nobility means absolutely nothing. Among these heroes, Helen Kuragina stands out. For the sake of her pleasure and profit, she is ready to forget about honor and nobility. Upon learning that Pierre Bezukhov inherited a fortune, she literally forces him to propose. Having become Countess Bezukhova, Helen shamelessly starts an affair on the side and does not hide it; when Pierre tells his wife that it is better for them to part, she does not hide her selfish interests: “Part, if you please, only if you give me a fortune.” Is this not dishonor?
For some heroes, honor is everything. This is the old Prince Bolkonsky, who brings up children in strictness in order to cultivate in them nobility, activity, intelligence, patriotism; this is Andrei Bolkonsky, who is fighting not for the sake of glory, but in order to defend the Motherland, showing generosity to the person whom he hated and had a good reason for it; this is Pierre Bezukhov, who, not being a military man, goes to the Borodino field simply because he cannot stay away.
But there are also such characters in the novel, about the nobility of which it is difficult to draw an unambiguous conclusion. Fedor Dolokhov is just such a hero. Both honor and dishonor coexist in this man. He dishonorably starts an affair with the wife of Pierre Bezukhov and himself impudently hints at it. And on the eve of the battle, in front of everyone, he asks Pierre for forgiveness "with tears that came to his eyes."
Using the example of his heroes, Tolstoy reveals the problem of honor and dishonor, which is relevant at all times, in different ways.
Other works on this topic:
- As in the story of A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter” develops the theme of honor and dishonor? This topic is already set by the epigraph to the work - Russian proverb"Keep honor...
- After reading the story of A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. There are two characters in the story...
- From birth, a person has innate qualities. Some easily make contact from a very early age. Others love to help people. Still others do not respect their relatives and ...
- "War and Peace" was not only the greatest work of Tolstoy, but also the greatest work of the world literature XIX century, as M. Gorky estimated it. In "War...
- Have you ever thought about what we mean by honor? He discusses this in his publicistic article contemporary writer D. Granin. The author raises...
- In the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" each of the characters is faced with the need to defend their idea of honor. So, Tatyana decides to be the first to confess her love ...
- Honor is a moral quality worthy of respect. To live according to the laws of honor means to be conscientious, noble, courageous, honest, reliable. It means to have dignity, to be able to...
slide 1
Final essay - 2016
slide 2
Direction "Honor and dishonor"
Honor is a complex ethical and social concept associated with the assessment of such personality traits as loyalty, justice, truthfulness, nobility, dignity.
slide 3
"War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy
The problem of moral self-improvement of the individual has always been one of the most important in the work of Leo Tolstoy. In the center of the novel "War and Peace" is the image Patriotic War 1812, which stirred up the entire Russian people, showing the whole world its power and strength. A great historical upheaval revealed the true essence of each individual person.
slide 4
"The forces of two dozen languages broke into Russia", our people rose to the holy liberation war. Tolstoy shows in the novel what a mighty impulse grew "hidden patriotism" that lived in the heart of every truly Russian person who loved his homeland. The goal of the people was one: to clear their land from invasion. The thoughts of all true patriots, from the commander-in-chief Kutuzov to the ordinary soldier and peasant militia, were directed towards the realization of this goal.
slide 5
slide 6
Andrey Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, Vasily Denisov and Captain Timokhin were striving for the same goal. For the sake of her, young Petya Rostov gives his life. Natasha Rostova and Marya Bolkonskaya wish victory over the enemy with all their hearts.
Slide 7
There is no reason to doubt the truth of the patriotic feelings that owned both the old prince Bolkonsky and Nikolai Rostov, in the character of which positive and negative traits.
Slide 8
Slide 9
Andrei Bolkonsky is an image that embodies the best features of the representatives of the advanced noble society of his time. Bolkonsky comes into contact with the commander Kutuzov, serves as his adjutant. Andrei sharply opposes secular society and staff officers, being their antipode. For the first time we meet Andrei Bolkonsky in the Sherer salon. Much in his behavior and appearance expresses deep disappointment in secular society, boredom from visiting living rooms, fatigue from empty and deceitful conversations. This is evidenced by his tired, bored look, the grimacing that spoiled his handsome face, the manner of squinting when looking at people. Gathering in the cabin, he contemptuously calls "stupid society."
Slide 10
He has an irresistible thirst real life. His sharp, analytical mind is attracted to her, broad requests push him to great achievements. Their opportunity, according to Andrey, is opened for him by the army and participation in military campaigns. Although he can easily stay in St. Petersburg, serve as an aide-de-camp here, he goes to where the hostilities are going on. The battles of 1805 were for Bolkonsky a way out of the impasse. Army service becomes one of the important stages in the search for Tolstoy's hero. Here he sharply separates himself from the numerous seekers of fast careers and high awards that could be found at the headquarters. Unlike Zherkov and Drubetskoy, Prince Andrei organically cannot be a lackey. He is not looking for reasons to rise in ranks and awards, and he consciously begins his service in the army from the lower ranks in the ranks of Kutuzov's adjutants.
slide 11
Bolkonsky keenly feels his responsibility for the fate of Russia. The Ulm defeat of the Austrians and the appearance of the defeated General Mack gives rise to disturbing thoughts in his soul about what obstacles stand in the way of the Russian army.
slide 12
Prince Andrei is unusually ambitious. The hero of Tolstoy dreams of such a personal feat that would glorify him and oblige people to render him enthusiastic respect. He cherishes the idea of fame, similar to the one that Napoleon got in the French city of Toulon, which would lead him out of the ranks of unknown officers. One can forgive Andrei for his ambition, realizing that he is driven by "a thirst for such a feat that is necessary for a military man."
slide 13
The battle of Shengraben already to some extent allowed Bolkonsky to show his courage. He boldly goes around the positions under the bullets of the enemy. He alone dared to go to Tushin's battery and did not leave it until the guns were removed. Here, in the battle of Shengraben, Bolkonsky was lucky enough to witness the heroism and courage shown by the gunners of Captain Tushin. In addition, he himself showed military restraint and courage here, and then one of all the officers came to the defense of the little captain. Shengraben, however, has not yet become Bolkonsky's Toulon.
Slide 14
The battle of Austerlitz, as Prince Andrei believed, was a chance to find his dream. It will certainly be a battle that will end in a glorious victory, carried out according to his plan and under his leadership. He will indeed accomplish a feat in the battle of Austerlitz. As soon as the lieutenant, who was carrying the banner of the regiment, fell on the battlefield, Prince Andrei raised this banner and, shouting “Guys, forward! He led the battalion into the attack. Having been wounded in the head, Prince Andrei falls, and now Kutuzov writes to his father, that the son of the old prince Bolkonsky "fell a hero."
slide 15
slide 16
It was not possible to reach Toulon. Moreover, they had to endure the tragedy of Austerlitz, where the Russian army suffered a heavy defeat. At the same time, the illusion of Bolkonsky, associated with the glory of the great hero, dissipated, disappeared. The writer turned here to the landscape and painted a huge, bottomless sky, at the contemplation of which Bolkonsky, lying on his back, experiences a decisive mental break. Bolkonsky’s internal monologue allows us to penetrate into his experiences: “How quiet, calm and solemn, not at all the way I ran ... not the way we ran, shouted and fought ... Not at all the clouds crawling along this high, endless sky." The cruel struggle between people now came into sharp conflict with the generous, calm, peaceful and eternal nature.
Slide 17
Slide 18
From that moment on, the attitude of Prince Andrei towards Napoleon Bonaparte, whom he revered so much, changes dramatically. Disappointment arises in him, which was especially aggravated at the moment when the French emperor rode past him, Andrei, with his retinue and theatrically exclaimed: "Here is a beautiful death!" At that moment, “all the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to Prince Andrei, his hero himself seemed so petty to him, with this petty vanity and joy of victory,” in comparison with the high, just and kind sky. And during the subsequent illness, “little Napoleon with his indifferent, limited and happy look from the misfortunes of others” began to appear to him. Now Prince Andrei severely condemns his ambitious aspirations of the Napoleonic warehouse, and this becomes an important stage in the spiritual search for the hero.
Slide 19
Andrey's spiritual recovery took a long time, it was difficult (the death of his wife, ... housework, ... meeting with an oak that had not blossomed and blossomed, ... Natasha ...) Prince Andrei returns to social activities. He goes to St. Petersburg, where he begins to work in the Speransky commission, drawing up state laws. He admires Speransky himself, "seeing in him a man of great intelligence." It seems to him that "the future on which the fate of millions depends" is being prepared here. However, Bolkonsky soon had to be disappointed in this statesman with his sentimentality and false artificiality. Then the prince doubted the usefulness of the work that he had to do. A new crisis is coming. It becomes obvious that everything in this commission is based on bureaucratic routine, hypocrisy and bureaucracy. All this activity is not at all necessary for the Ryazan peasants.
Slide 20
The War of 1812 came. Prince Andrei again goes to the army, although he once promised himself not to return there. All petty concerns faded into the background, in particular, the desire to challenge Anatole to a duel. Napoleon approached Moscow. On the way of his army were the Bald Mountains. It was an enemy, and Andrei could not be indifferent to him. The prince refuses to serve in the headquarters and is sent to serve in the "ranks". According to L. Tolstoy, Prince Andrei "was completely dedicated to the affairs of his regiment", cared about his people, was simple and kind in dealing with them. In the regiment they called him "our prince", they were proud of him and loved him. This is the most important stage in the formation of Andrei Bolkonsky as a person. On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, Prince Andrei is firmly convinced of victory. He tells Pierre: "We will win the battle tomorrow. Tomorrow, whatever it is, we will win the battle!"
slide 21
Bolkonsky is moving closer to ordinary soldiers. His aversion to the higher circle, where greed, careerism and complete indifference to the fate of the country and people reign, is growing stronger. By the will of the writer, Andrei Bolkonsky becomes the spokesman for his own views, revering the people as the most important force in history and attaching special importance to the spirit of the army. In the Battle of Borodino, Prince Andrei is mortally wounded. Together with other wounded, he is evacuated from Moscow. Again he is experiencing a deep spiritual crisis. He comes to the conclusion that relations between people should be built on mercy and love, which should be addressed even to enemies. It is necessary, according to Andrei, universal forgiveness and firm faith in the wisdom of the Creator.
slide 22
And one more experience is experienced by the hero of Tolstoy. In Mytishchi, Natasha unexpectedly appears to him and asks his forgiveness on her knees. Love for her flares up again. This feeling warms the last days of Prince Andrei. He managed to rise above his own resentment, to understand Natasha's suffering, to feel the power of her love. He is visited by spiritual enlightenment, a new understanding of happiness and meaning. The main thing that Tolstoy revealed in his hero continued after his death in his son, Nikolenka. This is discussed in the epilogue of the novel. The boy is carried away by the Decembrist ideas of Uncle Pierre and, turning mentally to his father, he says: "Yes, I will do what even he would be pleased with."
slide 23
slide 24
At the same time, the writer convinces us of the complete lack of patriotism among such people as Prince Vasily Kuragin and his children: Ippolit, Anatole and Helen. No matter how much the distinguished guests who gathered in the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer scold Napoleon, we will not find in them a single drop of truly patriotic feeling.
Slide 25
slide 26
By no means love for the Motherland (they do not have this love) is guided by Boris Drubetskoy and Dolokhov, entering the army. The first is studying "unwritten chain of command" to make a career. The second tries to distinguish himself in order to quickly regain his officer rank, and then receive awards and ranks. The military official Berg in Moscow, abandoned by the inhabitants, buys things on the cheap ... The war, as Tolstoy shows, severely tests a person.
Slide 27
He seems to put everyone actors of his novel in the face of mortal danger hanging over the Motherland, and as if asking them: “Well, what kind of people are you? How will you behave in this difficult time for the patronymic, how will you help the people defending the earth from enemy invasion?
Slide 28
The trouble approaching the ancient Russian capital did not bother the highest circles of noble society. Having made some noise in the Sloboda Palace during a meeting with the emperor and having shown patriotism, they began to live as before. “It was hard to believe that Russia was really in danger and that the members of the English Club were at the same time the sons of the fatherland, ready for him to make any sacrifice,” Tolstoy writes with irony. The military governor, Count F.V. Rastopchin, reassured the inhabitants of Moscow with the stupidest posters, in which the French were ridiculed and said that they were all dwarfs and that one woman would throw a pitchfork at three of them.
Questions of honor and human dignity throughout life worried about Tolstoy's favorite heroes. For a writer, the process of becoming a human personality is very important. Creating the image of Prince Andrei, he shows the dialectics of the soul of his hero through his internal monologues, which testify to the struggle between good and evil in the soul, to the formation of personality. “He was always looking for one thing with all the strength of his soul: to be quite good,” Pierre said about Andrei Bolkonsky.
But in the image of Andrei there is a certain detachment from everything vain and petty.
The desire for the highest truth is the goal of his spiritual quest. “Go with God your way. I know your road is the road of honor, ”Kutuzov says about him. And what path does Prince Andrei follow in search of the popular ideal of “simplicity, goodness and truth”?
Andrei Bolkonsky is tiring secular society. Tolstoy writes that "it was very boring for him to look at them and listen to them." Prince Andrey is dissatisfied with his life in this society, so he decides to go to military service: “I am going because this life that I lead here, this life is not for me!”
Deciding to pursue a military career, Andrei Bolkonsky changed a lot. There was no longer “the former pretense, fatigue and laziness” in him. Prince Andrei is busy with “pleasant and interesting” business. He does not accept the laws of the world among military officers and says that one must serve the fatherland and the tsar, and not be lackeys, "who do not care about the master's business." Before the Battle of Austerlitz, Prince Andrei dreams of a feat, of glory, and is ready to give everything for it: “And no matter how dear or dear to me, many people ... I will give them all now for a moment of glory.” He believes that "Toulon, which he has been waiting for so long, is finally presented to him." And indeed, during the battle, the prince behaves heroically and is wounded.
As is often the case with people, the tragic moments of their lives, when we are talking about life and death, their idea of their own destiny changes. As he fell, he saw the high sky above his head. “How quiet, calm and solemn,” he thought. Prince Andrei is disappointed in his former goals and dreams, in his former idol Napoleon, and renounces ambitious illusions. Looking at this high, endless sky, he understands that life is something more than the pursuit of glory. In his search for the meaning of life, another stage has ended. But the search for Andrei Bolkonsky continues, and he thinks: “Nothing, nothing is true, except for the insignificance of everything that is clear to me, and the greatness of something incomprehensible, but the most important!”
Fate continues to test Balkonsky for strength. After the death of his wife and the birth of his son, he settled in the Bogucharovo estate and spent all his time there. He withdrew into himself, renounced active life. His best friend Pierre, having come to visit, was amazed at the changes in Prince Andrei. Pierre sees the happiness of life in good for people. He is trying to convince Andrei Bolkonsky of this, “The meeting with Pierre was for Prince Andrei the era from which ... his new life”.
But Tolstoy would not have been a brilliant writer if he had not been able to show us the possibilities of Bolkonsky's multifaceted and deep personality. Prince Andrei goes to Otradnoe on business, and on the way he catches his eye an old, gnarled oak tree. He compares himself to this oak tree and thinks: “Our life is over!” But, having arrived in Otradnoye, he meets with Natasha Rostova. This meeting, as well as the oak tree, which blossomed fresh young leaves, made Prince Andrei think that "life is not over at thirty-one."
Only love can awaken in Tolstoy's hero the lofty feelings hitherto dormant in his soul. Andrei Bolkonsky returns to active life. He is often in the world and at one of the balls he meets Natasha again. “The wine of her charms went to his head,” and he decided to marry her. The feeling of love revived Prince Andrei. But his luck was not destined to come true. Natasha could not stand the test of love, and Prince Andrei, as a man of honor, could not forgive the deceit: "... a man cannot and should not forget and forgive." Again, internal devastation and disappointment returned to Prince Andrei.
Andrey's worldview is again undergoing changes. The battle that decides the fate of his homeland is designed to decisively change his life. battle of Borodino became the culmination in the life of Andrei Bolkonsky. Being again on military service, he no longer dreams of a feat. He is close to his soldiers, who call him "our prince". “Tomorrow, no matter what, we will win the battle!” Prince Andrew is sure. Seriously wounded in the Battle of Borodino, Bolkonsky is experiencing a new mental crisis. He comes to the conclusion that the true relationship between people is the relationship of friendship and brotherly love. Brotherly love should be directed not only to those close to us, but also to those who hate us, to enemies. Dying, Andrei Bolkonsky forgives Natasha, and Kuragin, and the whole world with all its shortcomings.
Andrei's death elevates him above earthly problems, makes him the best of the best. Finally, his soul is set free and fate is sealed. His discoveries and delusions are the path “from Napoleon to Kutuzov”, the path of a person who makes mistakes and is able to atone for his guilt, striving for perfection, this is the path of honor. It seems to me that the image of Andrei is the most expressive and integral among the heroes of the novel “War and Peace”.
You are now reading: What is honor and human dignity in the understanding of L. N. Tolstoy (based on the novel “War and Peace”)
- Dishonest can be called a person who betrayed his loved one
- The true qualities of a person are revealed in difficult life situations.
- Sometimes actions that seem dishonorable at first glance turn out to be necessary.
- A man of honor will not betray his moral principles even in the face of death
- War brings out dishonest people
- Actions done out of anger and envy are always dishonorable.
- Honor must be upheld
- A dishonest person sooner or later receives retribution for his actions.
- A person who betrays his moral principles is dishonorable
Arguments
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" In the work we see two completely opposite characters: Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin. For Petr Grinev, the concept of honor is the key to making important decisions. He does not change his principles even when he is threatened with execution: the hero refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev. He decides to rescue Masha Mironova from Belogorsk fortress captured by the enemy, although it is very dangerous. When Pyotr Grinev is arrested, he tells the whole truth, but does not mention Marya Ivanovna, so as not to spoil her already miserable life. Aleksey Shvabrin is a cowardly person, capable of doing vile deeds, looking for more favorable conditions for himself. He takes revenge on Masha Mironova for refusing to marry him, at the first opportunity goes over to the side of Pugachev, shoots in the back in a duel with Pyotr Grinev. All this suggests that he is a dishonorable person.
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Eugene Onegin does not perceive the letter of Tatyana Larina, telling about her feelings, as something serious. After a duel with Lensky, the hero leaves the village. Tatyana's feelings do not subside, she thinks about Eugene all the time. Time passes. At one of the secular evenings, Eugene Onegin appears, to whom society is still alien. There he sees Tatyana. The hero explains himself to her, Tatyana also confesses her love for Onegin, but she cannot betray her husband. In this situation, Tatyana retains her honor and dignity, respecting not her own desires, but high moral principles.
A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri". The great composer Mozart was given a gift from above. Salieri is a hard worker who has achieved success through many years of work. Out of envy, Salieri decides on not only a dishonorable, but also an inhuman act - he throws poison into Mozart's glass. Left alone, Salieri comprehends Mozart's words about the incompatibility of villainy and genius. He cries but is not remorseful. Salieri is glad that he fulfilled his "duty".
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Speaking of dishonor, it is impossible not to turn to the Kuragin family. All members of this family are immoral, devoted only to money, only outwardly seem to be patriots. Trying to get at least part of the inheritance of Pierre Bezukhov, Prince Vasily decides to marry him to his daughter Helen. She cheats on honest, devoted, good-natured Pierre, without feeling remorse. Anatole Kuragin commits an equally nasty act: being married, he attracts the attention of Natasha Rostova and prepares an attempt to escape, which ends in failure. Reading the work, we understand that such dishonest people cannot be truly happy. Their successes are temporary. True happiness is received by such heroes as Pierre Bezukhov: moral, true to their word, truly loving the Motherland.
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Andriy, the son of Taras Bulba, betrays his father and Motherland: unable to resist the power of love for a Pole, he goes over to the side of the enemy and fights against those whom he had recently considered comrades. Old Taras kills his son because he cannot forgive him for this dishonorable act. Ostap, the eldest son of Taras Bulba, shows himself in a completely different way. He fights the enemy to the last, dies in terrible agony, but remains true to his moral principles.
A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". Katerina, who grew up in an atmosphere of love and care, cannot live well with a weak-willed husband and a wayward Kabanikha. The girl falls in love with Boris, this brings her both happiness and grief. Katerina's betrayal is a betrayal that she cannot survive as a moral person. The heroine decides to commit suicide, knowing that she has committed a grave sin that an already terrible society will not forgive. It is unlikely that Katerina can be called a dishonorable person, despite the act she committed.
M. Sholokhov "The fate of man." Andrei Sokolov, the protagonist of the work, is called a man of honor not without reason. His best moral qualities were revealed in the war, in captivity of the Germans. The hero told the truth about the work that the prisoners do. Someone denounced Andrei Sokolov, which is why Muller called him. The German wanted to shoot the hero, but before his death he offered to drink "for the victory of German weapons." Andrei Sokolov is a man incapable of such a dishonorable act, so he refused. For his death, he drank, but did not eat, showing the strength of the spirit of the Russian people. He refused to eat even after the second pile. Muller called Sokolov a worthy soldier and sent him back with bread and a piece of lard. It was a matter of honor for Andrei Sokolov to share food among everyone, despite the fact that he himself was very hungry.
N. Karamzin "Poor Lisa". Erast, a man of noble origin, falls in love with Liza, an ordinary peasant woman. At first, the young man dreams of leaving his society for the sake of their future happiness. Lisa cannot help but believe him, she is so embraced by love that she gives herself to Erast without a doubt. But the windy young man loses a large amount of money in cards, loses all his fortune. He decides to marry a rich widow, and Lisa says that she is leaving for the war. Isn't this a dishonorable act? When Lisa finds out about the deception, Erast tries to pay her off. The poor girl does not need money, she sees no point in living and eventually dies.
V. Rasputin "French Lessons". The young teacher Lidia Mikhailovna teaches French and is the class teacher of the protagonist of the work. When the boy arrives at school beaten up, the traitor Tishkin reveals that he is playing for money. The teacher is in no hurry to scold the hero. Gradually, Lidia Mikhailovna learns how difficult it is for a child to live: his house is far away, there is little food, there is not enough money. The teacher tries to help by suggesting the boy play for money with her. On the one hand, her act is unacceptable. On the other hand, it cannot be called bad either, because it was done for a good purpose. The director finds out that Lidia Mikhailovna is playing with a student for money, and fires her. But it is clear that there is nothing to condemn the teacher: a seemingly dishonest act is actually good.
A.P. Chekhov "Jumper". Olga Ivanovna is married to the doctor Osip Ivanovich Dymov. Her husband loves her very much. He works hard to pay for his wife's hobbies. Olga Ivanovna meets the artist Ryabovsky and cheats on her husband. Dymov guesses about the betrayal, but does not show it, but tries to work even harder and harder. Relations between Olga Ivanovna and Ryabovsky come to a standstill. At this time, Dymov becomes infected with diphtheria, fulfilling his medical duty. When he dies, Olga Ivanovna realizes how dishonest, immoral her behavior was. She admits that she has lost a truly worthy person.
The theme of honor and dishonor in the novel "War and Peace"
At the beginning of the 20th century, L.N. Tolstoy was called "a teacher in life and in art" and these lines still express the attitude of the people of the 21st century towards him, the legacy of the brilliant writer continues to amaze with both life and creative discoveries. The reader of any age will find here the answer to his questions, he reveals the secrets human soul, consciousness from the very beginning of mankind, childhood. The works of Leo Tolstoy are read, remembered and loved by people all over the world. They are close and understandable to everyone, because they pose the eternal problems of life that concern all people and which they themselves have experienced more than once.
This is primarily a problem of the moral purity of people, their souls.
What is it that attracts us to the heroes of the works of L.N. Thick? They attract us with their originality, their bright individual character, originality, richness of the soul.
His heroes, like living people, make us think, dream, experience, feel the same way as they do. Thanks to the skill of the writer, one can't help but imagine that the characters in the works exist, continuing their journey somewhere nearby, you can really see them, turn to them with urgent questions. Sometimes it even seems that I have fallen into another dimension, into the life that the characters live, into that environment of society that L.N. Tolstoy. The images created by Tolstoy are different from all the rest literary heroes. They can be recognized from thousands of others, because they are so alive, real characters none of the authors have yet. the heroes of the novels of L.N. Tostoy always live in the soul of each of us.
The novel by L.N. is very dear to me. Tolstoy "War and Peace". How many wonderful evenings I spent behind this work! The novel left an indelible impression on my soul. I admire the author for his ability to show readers all the secrets of the human soul. Yes, in his novel "the human soul is depicted with a reality that is still unprecedented in our literature." N.N. Strakhov noted this very accurately. I think L.N. Tolstoy truthfully and without embellishment showed all the emotional experiences of the characters, inner world each of them. And this speaks of the author's great understanding of the human soul. The novel "War and Peace" greatest work! It accurately depicts the world of the human soul, its wealth and shortcomings. There are many characters in the novel, but it seems to me that they can be divided into two large groups. The first group is people. lost their spirituality. deaf to the dictates of conscience, the call of the heart, hide their spiritual emptiness behind euphonious, hypocritical speeches. These include the Kuragin families. Drubetsky. AP Sherer and her "important" guests. L.N. Tolstoy is irreconcilable to them: he accompanies almost every word and movement of the author with ironic comments. Another group are members of old noble families who have preserved certain traditions and have a rich spiritual heritage. The writer feels frank sympathy for them, although he does not hush up the class prejudices prevailing here. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova, Pierre Bezukhov are Tolstoy's favorite characters. They express his thoughts and feelings.
The author forces his characters to be extremely sincere, kind, noble.
A. Bolkonsky and N. Rostova and - my favorite characters, it was their experiences and thoughts, spiritual searches that the writer showed with all his inherent writing power.
Andrei Bolkonsky is a rich, whole, strong-willed nature. He is a man of duty, honor, ready to give everything for a noble goal. The thoughts of Andrei Bolkonsky are noble. although he spends all his talent and inquisitive mind in Petersburg salons, among false masks. It seems to me that L.N. Tolstoy's skill in depicting the soul lies in the fact that he showed a person in different situations, because state of mind man is constantly changing, he is looking for the highest, is in search of the truth of human existence. When he first saw him in A.P. Scherer’s salon, “all those who were in the living room were not only familiar, but they were so tired of him that it was very boring for him to look at them and listen to them,” it seems to us that he is a boring phlegmatic society, but the appearance Pierre makes you forget about it: L.N. Tolstoy more than once uses the word "kind," look. smile, those little details. to the greatest extent show us the soul of the hero. Andrei strives for his Toulon, he goes to war, this manifested his love for the Motherland. They read me!
frankly, I was struck by the way L.N. Tolstoy portrayed the scene of farewell between father and son, he showed what a truly Bolkonian spirit is, the relationship between father and son. seem strange at times, but
But this shows the family traditions of the proud and valiant Bolkonsky family.
Field of Austerlitz, "it has begun. Here it is" these are the thoughts that blow from everywhere, in this line you can hear the voice of the people, Russian fearlessness and endless love for the motherland. Field of Austerlitz, the battle ended, the wounded Prince Andrei. This scene, in my opinion, is the apogee of Leo Tolstoy's literary gift. To show the feelings and thoughts of a seriously wounded man the way Tolstoy did. In my opinion. no one has yet succeeded in literature. Prince Andrei opened his eyes, he saw the sky, only one sky. And he was struck by something he had never noticed: how calm it was. "Yes! Everything is empty, everything is deceit, except for this endless sky," Andrey thought. So life opened up in a new way for Prince Andrei. He realized that in addition to war and glory, there is a simple human life with her joys and sorrows. He wanted to love and be loved, probably, like all mortal people. This scene made me look at many things differently, it seemed to open for me the curtain of the soul of a person who found himself in a difficult situation. After Austerlitz, the hero's life changed a lot: the death of his wife. the birth of a son. He became completely different. the change in the soul of the hero, the author showed the dialogue x with Pierre, his impressions "... he was struck by the change that had taken place in Prince Andrei. The words were affectionate, the smile was on the lips and face of Prince Andrei, but the look was extinct, dead" Tolstoy often uses the phrase "dead look ", this will express the state of the hero's soul, he seemed to freeze, does not strive for the best, high spiritual aspirations - that's it. that the basis of life, the writer showed that the hero had lost it, this is Tolstoy's talent, that he showed a spiritual collapse, a crisis and at the same time how a person overcomes this with the help of a great feeling of love. The writer showed this revival in meetings with an oak tree in May and June. An oak tree in May: "old with broken, long seen, boughs and broken bark, overgrown with old sores. With its huge clumsy, asymmetrically splayed, clumsy hands and fingers." state of oak e!
the state of the hero's soul, his attitude to the world around him. An indelible mark on the soul of Andrei Bolkonsky was left by a meeting with the young Rostova, and such an unexpected confusion of young thoughts and hopes suddenly rose in his soul, "L.N. Tolstoy opens this spiritual and moral revival through" that very oak. The old oak is all transformed ... No clumsy fingers. no sores. nothing of the old grief and distrust was visible." Oak returned to life again and our hero is again morally alive, full of strength, energy, that apathetic attitude towards the world disappeared. prince Andrew. - Not only do I know everything that is in me, it is necessary that everyone knows this "With the help of describing nature, Tolstoy showed not only the worldview and spiritual renewal, but also how nature affects the human soul. This connection of inner life man with the life of nature is especially tangible, because Tolstoy speaks of nature by inspiring it, endowing it humanly!
mi features; looking at an oak tree, Prince Andrey sees not branches, not bark, not growths on it, but “fingers”, “hands”, “old sores”. “We must live in such a way that everyone knows me, so that my life goes on not for me alone. So that it is reflected on everyone and that they all live with me together!” - this is the conclusion the hero comes to after experiencing unfamiliar feelings.
In continuation of the whole story about the fate of Andrei L.N. Tolstoy very realistically depicts the soul of the hero, his desire for a new life. This once again proves that in the novels of L.N. Tolstoy "the human soul is depicted with a reality that is still unprecedented in our literature." Tolstoy revealed the soul of his heroes, he showed the state of mind of people very deeply and truthfully. We see the enrichment of the human soul and its rebirth. And in conclusion, I want to say: "Tolstoy is a wonderful Russian writer!" Roman L.N. Tolstoy, I think, will always attract with its truth and originality. Tolstoy, like no one else, was able to depict with great artistic power all the movements of the human soul.
This essay can be printed or just read.
