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TASK 2: Briefly highlight the main qualities that determine the appearance of the characters.

The main qualities of the heroes Zhilin Kostylin The presence of a big goal Selfishness Activity Irresponsibility Loyalty to duty Softness Loyalty to friendship Lack of will Ability to betray

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CROSSWORD

Horizontally: 1. What character trait should a person in captivity have? 2. “... left, you can’t do anything with one checker” 3. What feeling does Zhilin feel when he writes the wrong address on a letter? 4. What was the name of Zhilin's Tatars? 5. 6. What character trait that Kostylin does not have can be noted in Zhilin? 7. The main goal of Zhilin is in captivity. 8. An officer served in the Caucasus, “a heavy, fat man” 9. What was the name of the Tatars Kostylin? Vertically: 1. How does Kostylin make you feel? 2. Kostylin was both captured and escaped for Zhilin 3. Zhilin is characterized by activity, Kostylin ... 4. What does Zhilin experience in relation to Kostylin during the escape? 5. Zhilin fed her (whom) in advance

The theme "Caucasus" is seen in many artistic and literary works. Writers, artists, poets came to the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody to rest and be treated, and this did not go unnoticed. In Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk and other cities of the CMS there are not only monuments to M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, but also the places where they stayed during their stay there. These places are very attractive to tourists and residents of the city.

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Monument to Leo Tolstoy in Pyatigorsk

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Near the entrance to the Flower Garden, on the sunny side of the boulevard, there is a large building with a columned portico. This is the oldest public building in Pyatigorsk and the first capital building in the CMS.
Emperor Nicholas I, generals I. F. Paskevich and G. A. Emanuel, Persian prince Khosrov-Mirza, writers Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, A. A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, L. N. Tolstoy, stayed in this building, V. G. Belinsky, composer M. A. Balakirev, many famous travelers and figures of culture, science and Art XIX century. Twice a week, on Thursdays and Sundays, from 8 to 12 pm noble gatherings with music and dances were held in the Restaurant. Sometimes visiting musicians and artists performed here. One of the rooms bore the gloomy name of chambre infernale ("hellish room"), in which there was a gambling card game for money. Expensive residential rooms were rented for no more than 5 days.
Government restaurant (30 Kirov Ave.)

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In January 1943, during the liberation of Pyatigorsk from occupation, the building was badly damaged by a fire, which killed part of the institute's richest library, the archives of the CMV and the city. A major overhaul was carried out in 1953-1955 according to the project of the architect I. G. Shamvritsky. At the same time, the architectural appearance of the building was somewhat changed. The building was expanded and enlarged, new walls, cornices and parts of the columns were made. The internal layout was adapted to the needs of the library and departments of the former institute, which was called the Scientific Research Institute of Balneology, located in it.

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Theater House (Brothers Bernardazzi St., 4)
Many residents of Pyatigorsk still remember the Rodina widescreen cinema near Tsvetnik, one of the most visited cinema halls in the city. last century. A nondescript building keeps the memory of the distant past, as it was the very first theater building at the KMV. Theatrical life of Pyatigorsk began with the opening of the State restaurant, where visiting artists and musicians began to perform at noble meetings. However, there was no special hall intended for the performances of theater troupes for a long time.
For the first ten years, a visiting drama troupe of Stavropol actors performed in the theater every season, the repertoire of which consisted of new plays by N. A. Ostrovsky. In the summer of 1853, a concert was held here by the Danish cellist Elsa Christiani, attended by the young Leo Tolstoy.
Later, the cinema "Coliseum" again worked here, which received the patriotic name "Motherland" in the pre-war period. It operated until the 1990s, when it was closed for major repairs designed by A. S. Kikhel. Now former building The cinema is occupied by the Colosseum nightclub.

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...I'll go to the park in the morning
Here is what Tolstoy wrote in his diary on September 12, 1853: “Tomorrow morning I will go to the park and think over the chapter of the Fugitive. I'll write it before lunch. This entry is very exciting for everyone who writes about Tolstoy's stay in Pyatigorsk. Based on it, they, repeating each other, claim that the park was the site of the creation of a considerable part of the work known to us as the story "The Cossacks", that Tolstoy "loved to walk in the shade of this park and work on the plans and plots of his works."
What park do you mean? Well, of course, the one that today is called the Park of Culture and Leisure named after S. M. Kirov. There is no other, like, in Pyatigorsk! It got to the point that a few years ago, on the day of May 1 (!), the local history community solemnly opened a memorial plaque placed at the main entrance to this park - it contains those notorious lines from the diary.

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This is interesting

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I would like to ask: is it known to the initiators of the creation of the board full text diaries of Lev Nikolaevich? It seems that hardly. In this case, they would have read the entry made the next day, September 13, when, in their opinion, under the canopy of the park trees, the magic lines of the future Cossacks were born: these faces are unknown to the writer's biographers)… Then came the idea of ​​Marker's Notes, surprisingly good. I wrote, went to see the Meeting, and again wrote Marker's Notes. So, in a completely different way, it turned out with Lev Nikolayevich! And he was not in the park, and he did not think about The Fugitive. True, he worked that day with inspiration. But still, "Notes of the Marker" - not "Cossacks", which he continued to think about, but on other days and in other places.

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And now about the park. According to the dictionary of the Russian language, a park is called "a large garden, a grove with alleys, flower beds, ponds, etc." In the middle of the century before last, our current park was not like that. It was a nursery founded in the early 30s - its purpose is indicated by the name given in the report of the Construction Commission dated June 7, 1845: “A government garden with schools of flowers, vines, fruit and various genera of broad-leaved bushes and trees for seating in public gardens and flower beds. There were no alleys, ponds, decorative flower beds there yet. This is confirmed by the plan of Pyatigorsk, drawn up in the 50s. There, the green massif in the Podkumka floodplain looks like a continuous mass of landings, crossed by a single straight path. Yes, and it was called, as we can see, officially "Treasury Garden" or "Gardening School", and in the conversations of Pyatigorsk residents and visitors "Treasury Garden". The word "garden" in its name almost remained until the middle of the twentieth century. Even in the 1920s, when this green Zone has long been actually a park - with alleys, flower beds, ponds and fountains - it was called either the "May 1 Spa Garden", or the "Karl Liebknecht Spa Garden". The status of the park was given to the garden in the mid-30s. And only in 1952 it officially began to be called a park. And if Tolstoy wanted to visit the Treasury Garden, he would not write “I will go”, but “I will go”, because he was behind the city. It is even less likely that Lev Nikolaevich arbitrarily renamed the garden into a park - he was usually quite accurate in designating the places of his stay. In that case, what kind of park can we talk about?

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Elizabethan flower garden (beginning of Kirov Ave.)
At the beginning of Kirov Avenue, on the sides of a huge staircase leading to the Academic Gallery, there is an old flower garden overgrown with low trees and shrubs. It is a historical corner of Pyatigorsk.

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Emanuelevsky Park (near the Academic Gallery)
Above the Academic Gallery and along the slopes of the Aeolian Mountain to Lermontovskaya Street, the oldest Pyatigorsk park is widely spread, which bears the name of its founder, General of the Cavalry Georgy Arsenyevich Emanuel (1775-1837), the hero of the Patriotic and Caucasian wars.

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Most of the winding paths, strewn with fine sand, between the two main springs were lined with vines of climbing grapes on frames that were woven over the heads of pedestrians. There are flower beds between the paths with benches. Of the planted trees, young oaks and ash trees predominated. Initially, the top of the Hot Mountain was the best observation platform in the garden, and then the Aeolian Harp arbor. The new garden was surrounded by wicker wattle and high stone walls. During the creation of the garden, side mineral springs were discovered, which were named Averin, Nelyubin, Tobias, George and Achilles. These keys were trimmed with hewn stone in the form of beautiful water cascades. Georgievsky spring was named after General Georgy Emanuel. The Tovievsky spring got its name in honor of the governor of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Archimandrite Tobias (Tikhon Moiseev), who was successfully treated by him in the summer of 1828. At the same time, a wooden arbor with benches was arranged next to this key for the archimandrite. Subsequently, the baths arranged in the left wing of the Elizabethan Gallery were named after this source, popular among the people. In 1832, the new public garden was named Emanuelevsky. This garden and its attractions (Aeolian harp, grottoes, etc.) became the place where the events of Lermontov's story "Princess Mary" unfolded.

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In the autumn of 1853, young Leo Tolstoy sometimes came to this shady park, creating chapters of the stories "Boyhood" and "Cossacks". So, in his diary dated September 12, 1853, he wrote: “Tomorrow morning I will go to the park, I will think over the chapter ...”.

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This vast garden is now known to all Pyatigorsk residents as the City Park of Culture and Leisure named after S. M. Kirov.
Treasury Garden (Dunaevskogo St., 5)

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Diana's Grotto (Flower Garden Park)
In the southern part of the Flower Garden park there is a cool shady grotto called Diana's Grotto. This is one of the oldest and most famous sights of Pyatigorsk. In the 1810s, a footpath with stairs began from here, leading to the main Alexander baths on Goryachaya Gora.
In the summer of 1829, General G. A. Emanuel undertook a military expedition to the foot of Elbrus. The military and scientific expedition to the foot of Elbrus was a success. But its most unexpected result was the first officially recorded ascent of a man on Elbrus. Probably, Emanuel planned to return to the camp at the foot of Elbrus in the near future. However, the difficulties associated with the delivery of plates to remote places prompted the idea of ​​installing them on Hot Waters, constructing an artificial triumphal grotto here in the form of Mount Elbrus. However, General Emanuel suddenly abandoned the "two-headed peak" and soon ordered the new building to be called Diana's grotto. According to ancient myths, the goddess Diana preferred on hot days after bathing to rest in shady grottoes.

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Ermolovskie baths (pr. Kirova, 21)
The building made of pine beams on a stone foundation had the shape of a cross in plan, the ends of which were decorated with wide pediments. In the center of the iron roof was a belvedere. The building had many high semi-circular windows. Spacious galleries adjoined the north and south facades. A convenient highway was built to it along the slope of the mountain for the entrance of patients in carriages (now it passes over the grotto of Diana).

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Mikhailovskaya Gallery (Gagarin Boulevard, 2)
Among the trees of the ancient park behind the Academic Gallery is an extended structure with fancy windows and turrets. In 1824, a small "sulfur-salt" spring of a pinkish hue and with a taste of fresh milk, beating up with a gurgling fountain from a hole in travertine, Dr. F. P. Conradi began to recommend for drinking and gave it the name Mikhailovsky, in honor of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich (1798 -1849), younger brother of the then Emperor Alexander I.

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On the Kabardian settlement No. 252
Tolstoy reports this address of his residence in a letter to his beloved aunt, T. Ergolskaya. The address, as we can see, is extremely accurate, and, at first glance, finding the house where the writer rented an apartment is not at all difficult.
There were a lot of people who wanted to, especially among visitors with low incomes - apartments in the settlement were much cheaper than in the city center. Well, living conditions have improved over time. As we know, Lev Nikolaevich anticipated Vereshchagin's advice, because he did not have a lot of money. He describes his dwelling in the following way in the story “What happened to Bulka in Pyatigorsk”: “The city itself stands on a mountain, and under the mountain there is a settlement. I lived in this settlement, in a small house. The house stood in the yard and there was a garden in front of the windows, and in the garden stood the master's bees - not in logs, as in Russia, but in round wattles. So, where was this house? Unfortunately, the current order of designating houses that have their own numbers on each street does not coincide with the old one, when all houses in the city had a single numbering. Therefore, finding the number 252 today seems absolutely impossible. Most local historians only point out that Tolstoy lived at the very foot of Mount Goryachaya and that, allegedly, snowy mountains on the horizon were visible from his courtyard. And the well-known L. Polsky, who was more thoroughly engaged in the search for this house, adds that he was supposedly located “near the bridge over Podkumok, on Teplosernaya Street.”

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Elizabethan Gallery (Beginning of Kirov Ave.)
At the very beginning of Kirov Avenue, in the gully between the Mikhailovsky spur and Goryachaya Gora, there is an extended white-stone arched building of the Academic Gallery, which fits well into the surrounding rocky landscape from a distance, and looks like a long bridge or aqueduct from above. The very first drinking spring of the resort was once located here.
By the time Tolstoy arrived in Pyatigorsk, on the site of the Elizabethan spring, instead of a linen canopy for festivities, the magnificent building of the Elizabethan Gallery appeared.

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House of Dr. Drozdov (Kirov Ave., 9)
At the beginning of Kirov Avenue, two houses below the Pushkin Baths, there is one of the oldest residential buildings in Pyatigorsk, on the wall of which there is a memorial plaque about the visit of the young Count Leo Tolstoy to this house.

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In the summer of 1853, the young Count L. N. Tolstoy, the future world leader, was a patient of the doctor Drozdov. famous writer. He visited the Drozdovs' house and played pieces for four hands on the piano with their daughter. Leaving Pyatigorsk, Tolstoy presented the doctor Drozdov with a telescope. Later, Claudia Drozdova, in marriage Lubomirskaya, became a famous pianist. After the death of the Drozdovs, the house passed to the former tenant of the state-owned restaurant, Karuta from Odessa. He built a new building in the courtyard of the house with furnished rooms, which in the 1880s were very popular among visitors to the Waters. At the end of the 19th century, Princess E. I. Sultan-Girey owned the house. After the revolution, a number of communal apartments were arranged in the buildings of the former Drozdov estate. Now an old house is in private ownership. In 1988, a memorial plaque was erected on the wall of the house in memory of Leo Tolstoy's visit to it. It was planned to arrange a local Tolstoy museum here.

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On November 10 (23), 1910, the writer was buried in Yasnaya Polyana, in the forest, on the edge of a ravine, where, as a child, he and his brother searched for a "green stick" that kept the "secret" of how to make all people happy.
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828 - 1910) Russian writer, prose writer, count.

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Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy Prisoner of the Caucasus"And just as I then believed that there is that green stick on which it is written that should destroy all evil in people and give them great good, so I believe now that there is that truth and that it will be revealed to people and give them what she promises. L.N. Tolstoy

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What stories L.N. Do you know Tolstoy? What does the writer appreciate in people, what does he reject? Why does the author appeal to children?

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The author argues that people of different nationalities can find mutual understanding, because universal human moral values- love for work, respect for a person, friendship, honesty, mutual assistance. And vice versa, evil, enmity, selfishness, self-interest are inherently anti-human. Love is hindered by all sorts of social foundations, ossified national barriers, protected by the state and generating false values: the desire for ranks, wealth, career - everything that people think is familiar and normal. What problems does the author raise in the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"?

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Can people live in peace and friendship? What separates them and what connects them? Is it possible to overcome the age-old enmity of people with each other? Which people have these qualities, and which do not?

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Different tempers, different fates Zhilin and Kostylin. Zhilin Kostylin Who was the first to decide to go ahead of the detachment? Why? He understands the danger well and relies only on his strength, agility, speed of his horse. Impatient, irresponsible, guided by his own whims, and not by knowledge of the situation. Capture Who is the bravest hero? "Only an agreement - not to disperse." "I won't give myself up alive!" "His vision blurred, and he staggered." “Instead of waiting, I just saw the Tatars, rolled up to the fortress.” "The horse stopped under him, and the gun stopped." Conclusion: Zhilin resisted, but it was impossible to escape from the hands of the enemies. Conclusion: the officers were captured because of the frivolity and cowardice of Kostylin, who was afraid of danger.

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Why Zhilin, seeing the betrayal of Kostylin, thought: “It's bad. The gun is gone? Ransom letter. "Oh, it's worse to be shy with them." “If he wants to scare me, then I won’t give a penny, and I won’t write. I was not afraid, and I will not be afraid of you dogs. “Zhilin wrote a letter, but he wrote it wrong on the letter, so that it didn’t come through. He thinks: "I'm leaving." "He wrote a letter home, five thousand coins will be sent." Conclusion: Zhilin understands that paying a ransom can ruin his mother, relying only on himself, actively looking for a way out. Conclusion: Kostylin accepts all the conditions of his enemies, hopes for help from home. Does not fight, passively submits to circumstances.

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The first month in captivity Looks out, elicits how he can escape. “He walks around the aul, whistles, otherwise he sits, doing some needlework - either he sculpts dolls from clay, or weaves wickerwork from twigs.” "Zhilin was a master of all needlework." “Kostylin wrote home again, kept waiting for the money to be sent and was bored. For whole days he sits in the barn and counts the days when the letter will arrive; or sleeping." Conclusion: Zhilin is sociable, active, a good master. But his main goal is to escape from captivity. Conclusion: Kostylin is weak-willed, indifferent to the environment, passive.

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First escape. “If you skin your legs, they will heal, and if they catch up, they will kill you, worse.” "Get up, sit down on the backs - I'll take it down if you can't walk." “And the devil pulled me to take this deck with me. I would have left long ago." "Hooked a stone with his foot, thundered." "Cut up all the legs ... lagging behind." "I can't, I can't." “I can’t, I don’t have the strength.” "Salted" - weakened, tired. “As Kostylin screams: “Oh, it hurts!” "Go alone, why would you disappear because of me." Conclusion: he is busy looking for roads, and all his behavior is subordinated to this goal: he notices everything around him, rejoices at his will, worries about the success of his escape, tries not to notice pain and fatigue; does not leave his comrade in trouble .. Conclusion: Kostylin is weak-willed, unwilling and knows how to fight, passively follows a comrade, all his thoughts are focused on himself. He does not see the environment, he is afraid.

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Why did the escape fail? The escape failed because of the selfishness and effeminacy of Kostylin. He does not feel responsible to his comrade, is unrestrained, impatient. - Why does the writer contrast Zhilin and Kostylin? The author shows how much in life depends on the person himself. In the same circumstances, some turn out to be heroes, others are unworthy of being called people. Before the second escape “Well, Kostylin, let's go, let's try one last time; I'll put you up." "No, I can't seem to get out of here. Where will I go when there is no strength to turn around? Conclusion: despite all the hardships, Zhilin did not lose the will to live, the desire for freedom. Conclusion: Kostylin refuses to escape, does not believe in himself, surrenders to the mercy of his enemies.

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Zhilin and Dina. The spiritual closeness of people from the warring camps. The affirmation of humanistic ideals in the story. On the territory of the Caucasus there is a war. IN AND. Dahl wrote: “An offensive war is when an army is led against a foreign state; defensive - when they meet this army to protect their own. -Does the author condemn the highlanders for fighting the Russians? For the peoples living in the Caucasus, this war is defensive, the highlanders desperately resist, not letting the Russians into their territory, but the Russian army conquers the Caucasus and pays a high price with the lives of many thousands of Russian soldiers and officers. -Why is the old man in the turban angry at the Russians?

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How and why did the owner's attitude towards the captives change? Zhilin evokes sympathy from the owner with his courage and feeling human dignity, and among ordinary Tatars, with their skill, diligence, willingness to do good people, and Dina, who saw in him good and an honest man. But after an escape attempt, the owner tightened the living conditions. Zhilin is a prisoner for whom the owner will receive a ransom, and if this fails, he will kill him. Human relations come into conflict with enmity and self-interest. After the officers escaped, the owner does not laugh, speaks hostilely to them, and threatens to kill them. Conclusion: People could live in friendship, but this is hindered by national strife, leading to war. Self-interest also interferes. -Which of the Tatars treated the captives with particular hostility? - How does this old man appear before us? Tell his story.

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What triumphs in the story? In the story about the war, it is not enmity and hatred that triumph, but kindness, the spiritual closeness of people from the warring camps.

"Tolstoy" Boyhood "" - The development of speech. Personification, epithets. Correlating a term with a concept. Facilities artistic expressiveness. Describe any character. Lyubochka. The final game based on the work of Leo Tolstoy "Boyhood". Continue the sentence. It will grind, there will be flour. Storm. Compose a crossword. Race for the leader.

"Childhood of Tolstoy" - 1. Composition - essay 2. Exhibition of drawings. Presentation results. Student of the Faculty of Philology, 342 Jankyavichyute Diana. Stages and timing of the project. Informational resources. Tolstoy "Childhood". Tolstoy "Childhood". didactic goals. We will study the next chapters. What motivates you to live?

"Tolstoy" Swans "" - Generalization. Main part. Part of life. LN Tolstoy "Swans". Lesson literary reading. He opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana. The swan sighed. Ending. Examination homework. Long interesting life. Fairy tales. Sample Plan. Division into parts. What do you know about Leo Tolstoy. Acquaintance with the work of Leo Tolstoy.

"Tolstoy Two Brothers" - Run without looking back, very quickly. LN Tolstoy creates "ABC" and "Books for reading". My memory is strong. I am working. Everyone chooses his own path in life. I want to learn. LN Tolstoy participated in the defense of Sevastopol. For a workout. Written for laughs, so it's not true. I really want to study. Tale of L. N. Tolstoy.

"The Lion and the Dog" Tolstoy - Betrayed. She tucked her tail. What was this friendship? Questions. Do everything yourself if possible. How did the lion react to the dog's death? Guess riddles. Tore off a piece of meat. Cover modeling. Love animals. Love, I thought, is stronger than death. Be careful. "The Lion and the Dog" Don't be pushy.

"Tolstoy Shark" - S. Yesenin F.I. Tyutchev A.S. Pushkin. Towers of entry Yasnaya Polyana. Entrance towers. All things, books, paintings here are genuine. A.S. Pushkin. Winter is still busy And grumbling for spring. One boy at first overtook his comrade, but then began to lag behind. Both are like lizards. The little birds are chilled, Hungry, tired, And huddle tighter.

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