The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" was created in the mid-70s, during a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of a revolution. The Narodniks, who preached revolutionary ideas, pinned all their hopes on the peasantry. With the aim of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of the intelligentsia into the people began. However, "going to the people" was not successful. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the Narodniks. The question of how to instill revolutionary consciousness among the masses, direct them to the path of active struggle, is especially acute in the current situation. In the populist environment at that time there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author is also included in this dispute. Nekrasov did not doubt the need for a lively connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when "going to the people" failed. Such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry, is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He is the son of a deacon who lived "poorer than the last poor peasant", and "an unrequited laborer", who salted her bread with tears. A hungry childhood and a harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined life path Gregory.
... about fifteen
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner.
In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobrosklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the "offended" and "humiliated". He wants to be the first there, "... where it is difficult to breathe, where grief is heard." He does not need wealth and is alien to concerns about personal well-being. The Nekrasov revolutionary is preparing to give his life for “so that ... every peasant lives freely and cheerfully in all of holy Rus'!”.
Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already come out on the “honest” paths. Like all revolutionaries
Fate prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the people of many millions themselves are awakening to struggle.
The army rises
innumerable,
The strength will affect her
Invincible!
This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a strong effect the words of Gregory have on the Vakhlak peasants and on the seven wanderers, what they infect with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Rus'.
Grigory Dobrosklonov - the future leader of the peasantry, the spokesman for his anger and reason. His path is hard, but also glorious, “only strong, loving souls” enter it, true happiness awaits a person, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, is in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: “Who is it good to live in Rus'?” - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.
Would our wanderers be under their native roof,
If only they could know what happened to Grisha.
He heard immense strength in his chest,
Gracious sounds delighted his ears,
Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -
He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people.
The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful connection of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his own solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to eliminate the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of the revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are only on their way to a "feast for the whole world."
In his poem, N.A. Nekrasov creates images of "new people" who came out of the people's environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. Such is Yermil Girin. In whatever position he may be, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. Honor and love he earned "strict truth, intelligence and kindness."
The poet abruptly breaks off the story about Yermil, who ended up in prison at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanyev district was rioting. The suppressors of the rebellion, knowing that the people would listen to Yermila, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people's defender did not tell the peasants about humility.
The type of an intellectual-democrat, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a laborer and a half-impoverished deacon. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have starved to death. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love from an early age filled Grisha's heart and determined his path:
fifteen years old
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of those who are brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
I cried a lot...
If in the era of the Decembrists they stood up to protect the people the best people from the nobles, now the people themselves send their best sons from their midst to fight, and this is especially important, because it testifies to the awakening of national self-consciousness:
No matter how dark vakhlachina,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessed, put
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha's path is a typical path of a democrat-raznochinets: a hungry childhood, a seminary, "where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry", but where he read a lot and thought a lot ...
Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet draws the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha found true happiness, and the country whose people bless "such a messenger" for battle should become happy.
In the image of Grisha there are not only features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov direction, a poet-citizen.
The chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism sounds in the song "Rus":
The army rises - Innumerable,
The power in it will be indestructible!
In the poem there is an image of yet another people's protector- the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" the author directly addresses the readers in digressions. In this chapter, the language acquires a special coloration: along with folk vocabulary, there are many bookish, solemn, romantically elevated words (“radiant”, “lofty”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the happiness of the people”, “slavery is heavy”, “Rus' is reviving ").
Direct author's statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author's thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people's happiness. The author, like Grisha, firmly believes in "the strength of the people - the mighty strength", in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:
The limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: Before them is a wide path!
The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:
Such soil is good. The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!..
N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is rightfully considered the main book of the poet, his highest achievement. And not only because we have before us an encyclopedic coverage of Russian reality, a display of representatives of almost all classes of society, typical of a turning point in the history of the country, illuminated by the poetic genius of Nekrasov. The work is multilayered and multifaceted. The poet created his general ledger for the people and in the name of the people, expressing their cherished dreams and aspirations. “To whom in Rus' it is good to live” sounds like an indictment against contemporary poet state structure. At the same time, the poem is a hymn to the courage and fortitude of the Russian people. Among the gallery of images of sufferers and workers, rogues and rebels, Nekrasov also shows us the people's protector - the one who, coming out of the midst of the people themselves, will influence their views and beliefs, will be able to lead.
This is the first image in Russian literature of a fighter who emerged from the midst of his people, flesh of his flesh. The son of a rural deacon and a seminarian, Grigory Dobrosklonov does not belong to the clergy, since in Russia since 1868 this category did not enjoy the privileges of the clergy, but lived on the fruits of their labors, that is, dragged out the meager existence of a peasant. Several times in the poem the motif of Gregory's hungry childhood, fed with bread in half with his mother's tears, is repeated several times, his "emaciated face", life in the seminary,
Where it was dark and cold
Gloomy, strict, hungry,
where they woke up before daylight and waited "eagerly for the rush," where "the housekeeper underfed the thieves." With a heart full of love for his own mother and gratitude for the one who nursed him native land, extending a helping hand in difficult times, the hero chooses his path in life. There is no calculation in it, no desire to take the “road”:
Eternal boils there
Inhuman
feud-war
For mortal blessings...
Grisha chooses the "honest road":
They walk on it
Only strong souls
loving,
To fight, to work.
For the bypassed, for the oppressed ...
This is a conscious choice from the age of fifteen, because the love for the motherland in his heart merged with love for the poor mother - and there is no more sincere affection, sincere patriotism, which is why the words “motherland” are so natural in his mouth. Gregory already knew for sure
To whom will he give his whole life
And for whom will he die?
Refusing personal benefits and benefits, he is going to university not for himself, not for a future career, but in order to bring more benefit to his native people.
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely - fun
All over holy Rus'!
How does this remind Dobrolyubov, whose last name is so easily guessed in the name of the hero, and Rakhmetov, the hero of the novel by N. G. Chernyshevsky "What is to be done?" - whose name at the time of writing the poem was on the lips of the reading public. This is what the poem says about them:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
Many have mourned
(While a falling star
They're moving!).
Behind the sons of Rus', the figures of N. G. Chernyshevsky, V. G. Belinsky, T. G. Shevchenko are guessed, Nekrasov brings his hero to this cohort of fighters for the people's happiness.
No matter how dark vakhlachina,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessed, put
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Fate prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
It was not without reason that Nekrasov made his hero also a poet - his comrade-in-arms in the struggle. His songs “from the heart itself” are not only evidence of a blood connection with the Russian people, spiritual unity with their world, but also an attempt to comprehend what is happening, to realize one's life credo. Following the songs "Hungry" and "Salty", which recreates the gloomy, hopeless pictures of the life of the people, other lines appear that mark fundamental changes in society, the growth of the self-consciousness of the people:
Enough! Finished with the last calculation.
Done with sir!
The Russian people gather with strength
And learning to be a citizen...
Developing the theme of the growth of popular indignation, of the formation of a citizen, Grigory Dobrosklonov composes his main song - "Rus". He sings about “a free heart saved in slavery”, about the mighty strength of the people, creating a vivid and unique metaphor showing the growth of popular indignation, a revolutionary upsurge:
Rus' does not stir
Rus' is dead!
And lit up in it
Spark hidden -
We got up - nebuzheny,
Came out - uninvited,
Live by the grain
The mountains have been applied!
Rat rises -
innumerable,
The strength will affect her
Invincible!
He, the only one among the heroes of the poem, Nekrasov considers happy, because, according to the poet-fighter, only a fighter for people's business. Nekrasov ends the story about Grisha on an optimistic note, endowing the hero with invincible strength and, most importantly, faith in a bright future, readiness and desire to give his life for his homeland:
He heard immense sounds in his chest,
Gracious sounds delighted his ears,
Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -
He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people! ..
The poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person at the time of Nekrasov. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author nevertheless makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.
For the first time, readers get to know Grisha in the chapter “ good time – good songs”, During the feast, thanks to which the image of Grisha in “Who in Rus' is good at living” is initially associated with the concept of people's happiness. His father, the parish clerk, enjoys the love of the people - it is not without reason that he is invited to a peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as "simple guys, kind", along with the peasants, they mow and "drink vodka on holidays." So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his whole life with the people.
Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived "poorer than the seedy last peasant."
Even a cat and a dog chose to run away from the family, unable to withstand hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has a “light disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, the sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts of his children, but he forgot to think about whether they are full.
It is no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the "grabber economy." That is why Grisha has a “thin” face - sometimes he cannot fall asleep from hunger until the morning, everything is waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader's attention on this particular feature of Grisha's appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could be a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Rus', which has the prerequisites for free and happy life, but so far living in a completely different way.
Grisha from childhood is familiar with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather hardens the hero. From the age of fifteen, a firm conviction matures in him: you need to live exclusively for the good of your people, no matter how poor and wretched they are. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short century because of her labors ...
The image of Grisha's mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman beloved by Nekrasov, meek, unrequited, and at the same time carrying a huge gift of love. Grisha, her "beloved son", did not forget his mother after her death, moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachin. The last mother's gift is the song "Salty", testifying to the depth maternal love- will accompany Grisha all his life. He sings it in the seminary, where "gloomy, strict, hungry."
And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally disadvantaged.
Note that the songs are very important for the characterization of Grisha in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the ideas and aspirations of the hero, his main life priorities are clearly visible.
The first of the songs that sound from the lips of Grisha conveys his attitude towards Rus'. It can be seen that he perfectly understands all the problems that torn the country apart: slavery, ignorance and the disgrace of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify any, the most insensitive listener, and this manifests his pain for home country. And at the same time, the song contains hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!” ...
Grisha's next song, about a barge hauler, reinforces the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly earned pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies, the hero moves to the image of "all mysterious Rus'" - this is how the song "Rus" is born. This is the anthem of his country, full of sincere love, in which faith in the future is heard: "The army rises - innumerable." However, someone is needed who would become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.
There are two ways, - Grisha thinks, - one of them is wide, thorny, but a crowd greedy for temptations goes along it. There is an eternal struggle for "mortal blessings". It is on it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are sent at the beginning. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, "close, but honest." Only strong and loving souls who want to intercede for the offended go along this path. Among them is the future people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing "a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia." This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, only in this way - in unity with all the people - can one become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” in himself. At home, his enthusiasm is confirmed and shared by his brother, who spoke of Grisha's song as "divine" - i.e. finally acknowledging that he had the truth on his side.
Artwork test
In his poem, N. A. Nekrasov creates images of “new people” who came out of the people's environment and became active fighters for the good of the people. Such is Yermil Girin. In whatever position he may be, whatever he does, he strives to be useful to the peasant, to help him, to protect him. Honor and love he earned "strict truth, intelligence and kindness."
The poet abruptly breaks off the story about Yermil, who ended up in prison at the moment when the village of Stolbnyaki in the Nedykhanyev district was rioting. The suppressors of the rebellion, knowing that the people would listen to Yermila, called him to exhort the rebellious peasants. Yes, apparently, the people's defender did not tell the peasants about humility.
The type of an intellectual-democrat, a native of the people, is embodied in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a laborer and a half-impoverished deacon. If not for the kindness and generosity of the peasants, Grisha and his brother Savva could have starved to death. And the young men respond to the peasants with love. This love from an early age filled Grisha's heart and determined his path:
... about fifteen
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner
It is important for Nekrasov to convey to the reader the idea that Dobrosklonov is not alone, that he is from a cohort of those who are brave in spirit and pure in heart, those who fight for the happiness of the people:
Rus' has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
I cried a lot...
If in the era of the Decembrists the best people from the nobility stood up to protect the people, now the people themselves from their midst send their best sons to fight, and this is especially important, because it testifies to the awakening of people's self-consciousness:
No matter how dark vakhlachina,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessed, put
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Grisha's path is a typical path of a democrat-raznochinets: a hungry childhood, a seminary, “where it was dark, cold, gloomy, strict, hungry”, but where he read a lot and thought a lot ...
So what is next? Further known:
Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.
And yet the poet draws the image of Dobrosklonov in joyful, bright colors. Grisha found true happiness, and the country whose people bless “such a messenger” for battle should become happy.
In the image of Grisha there are not only features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy, whom Nekrasov loved and revered so much, but also features of the author of the poem himself. After all, Grigory Dobrosklonov is a poet, and a poet of the Nekrasov direction, a poet-citizen.
The chapter “A Feast for the Whole World” includes songs created by Grisha. These are joyful songs, full of hope, the peasants sing them as if they were their own. Revolutionary optimism sounds in the song "Rus":
The army rises - Innumerable,
The power in it will be indestructible!
In the poem there is an image of another people's intercessor - the author. In the first parts of the poem, we do not yet hear his voice directly. But in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World”, the author directly addresses the readers in lyrical digressions. In this chapter, the language acquires a special coloration: along with the folk vocabulary, there are many bookish, solemn, romantically elevated words (“radiant”, “lofty”, “punishing sword”, “the embodiment of the happiness of the people”, “serious slavery”, “Rus' reviving ”).
Direct author's statements in the poem are imbued with a bright feeling, which is also characteristic of Grisha's songs. All the author's thoughts are about the people, all his dreams are about people's happiness. The author, like Grisha, sacredly believes in “the strength of the people - a mighty strength”, in the golden heart of the people, in the glorious future of the people:
The limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: Before them is a wide path!
The poet wants to instill this faith in others, to inspire his contemporaries to a revolutionary feat:
Such soil is good -. The soul of the Russian people... O sower! come!
Essay on literature on the topic: Images of people's intercessors in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”
Other writings:
- For this war, the peasants needed leaders. Ermil Girin and Grigory Dobrosklonov are shown in the poem as people capable of becoming peasant leaders. Ermil Girin is described in the first chapter of the poem. He won honor “neither with money, nor with fear: with strict truth, intelligence and kindness!” Being Read More ......
- 1. Seven wanderers seeking happy person. 2. Ermil Girin. 3. “Serf woman” Matrena Timofeevna. 4. Grigory Dobrosklonov. The topic of searching for a happy share and “mother truth” takes significant place V folklore tradition, on which N. A. Nekrasov relied, creating the poem “To whom in Rus' Read More ......
- I. Images of peasants and peasant women in lyrics. 2. Heroes of the poem “Who in Rus' should live well”. 3. Collective image of the Russian people. Peasant Rus', the bitter fate of the people, as well as the strength and nobility of the Russian people, their age-old habit of work is one of the main Read More ......
- It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women. N. Nekrasov. Who in Rus' live well. A significant part of the work of N. A. Nekrasov is devoted to the theme of the Russian people. The poet considered it his civil and human duty to raise the problem of the oppressed position of the peasantry, to highlight the difficult, sad aspects of life Read More ......
- The plot basis of the poem is the search for the happy in Rus'. N. A. Nekrasov aims to cover as widely as possible all aspects of the life of the Russian village in the period immediately after the abolition of serfdom. And therefore the poet cannot do without a description of life Read More ......
- In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, Nekrasov, as if on behalf of millions of peasants, acted as an angry accuser of the social and political system of Russia and pronounced a severe sentence on him. The poet painfully experienced the obedience of the people, their downtroddenness, darkness. On landowners Nekrasov Read More ......
- In all his works, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov addresses the people. And the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” is no exception. Nekrasov brought poetry closer to the people, he wrote about the people and for the people. The only judge for a poet is the people. He glorifies, Read More ......
- The theme of "people's suffering" was developed by the author in all his work, it is typical for works of different years. Recall at least such classic poems as “Troika”, “Forgotten Village”, “Reflections at the Front Door”, “Railway”. And the culmination of the development of this theme - as in the work of Read More ......
