Animated appeals in the work tomorrow was a war. Analysis of Vasiliev's work tomorrow was a war. What is this story about

The story “Tomorrow there was a war” by Vasilyev was written in 1972, but was published only in the 80s, during the period of weakening of censorship. The plot is based on the author's memories of his early youth, which fell on a difficult time. The main characters of Vasiliev's book were ordinary schoolchildren, ninth grade students.

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Main characters

Iskra Polyakova- an activist, a class leader, a decent, responsible, determined girl.

Vika Luberetskaya- the daughter of the chief engineer of an aircraft factory, a smart and thin girl who felt like an adult early.

Valentina Andronovna (Valendra)- class teacher 9 "B", a tough, principled woman.

Nikolai Grigorievich Romakhin- the director, a fair, honest, decent person, an excellent teacher.

Other characters

Comrade Polyakova- Iskra's mother, a former commissar, an uncompromising woman, fanatically devoted to the ideas of the revolution.

Zinochka Kovalenko- a carefree, frivolous, but kind and sympathetic girl, the best friend of Iskra.

Sasha Stameskin- a former loser and a bully, re-educated by Iskra.

Valka Alexandrov (Edison)- a passionate inventor, with a lively, restless mind.

Artem Shefer- a strong-willed, decisive, hard-working guy with well-established life values.

Pashka Ostapchuk- a decent guy, seriously passionate about sports.

Lenochka Bokova- a quiet, timid girl who dreamed of becoming an actress.

Zhorka Landys- a philatelist, sociable and kind fellow.

Prologue

Chapter first

Iskra comes to visit Zinochka and informs that Sasha Stameskin is forced to leave school. “Now you have to pay for learning”, and Sasha is raised by one mother, and there is a catastrophic lack of money.

Iskra was raised by a stern mother, a commissar, and for her "weakness is worse than betrayal". All friends listen to the girl, and she is considered the "conscience of the class." Iskra wholeheartedly wants to help a capable classmate, whom she once took under her patronage. Zina offers to arrange Sasha at an aircraft factory, where he can study at an evening school.

The friends decide to seek help from Vika Lyuberetskaya, an excellent student, the daughter of the chief engineer of an aviation plant. With her filing, Stameskin is hired.

Chapter Two

Artem Shefer, by virtue of his natural tongue-tied tongue, fiercely hates "all subjects where you have to talk a lot." This is an excellent athlete, athlete, a diligent student who could not become an excellent student due to speech problems. This shortcoming manifests itself even more in the presence of Zinochka, with whom Artyom is secretly in love.

The guy works hard all summer to celebrate his sixteenth birthday in a big way. The birthday is a success: the guys play charades, dance, read poetry. Finally, Vika gives Iskra to honor "a collection of poems by the decadent poet Sergei Yesenin", whose work the girl liked so much.

Chapter Three

The school where friends study is a new, multi-storey one. For some time she was led by Valentina Andronovna or Valendra, as she was called by high school students - a woman of the most strict rules. The new director, Nikolai Grigoryevich Romakhin, immediately changes the previously established rules and even orders to hang mirrors "in all girls' latrines."

Kind, fair and incredibly interesting, he quickly deserves universal adoration, while Valendra, who became the class teacher of 9 "B", "was not just not loved, but despised so unanimously and deeply that they were no longer spent on any other emotions".

Zinochka accidentally tells Valendra about reading the poetry of the seditious Yesenin. Iskra hurries to the Lyuberetskys to warn of possible troubles.

Chapter Four

Zinochka, constantly living "in the sweet state of easy love", decides to choose a new lover from three possible candidates. She writes three identical love letters but hesitates to send them. One of the letters is found by Valendra and given to the director, who simply burns someone else's love letter.

Meanwhile, the friendship between Iskra and Sasha grows into something big, and Iskra feels that "it's time for a personal life".

Chapter Five

Zinochka goes on a date with the most beautiful boy in school - Yura from 10 "A". After watching a movie, they are going to sit somewhere for a while, and Zinochka remembers a secluded shop hidden in the bushes near the Lyuberetskys' house.

Young people notice how “a large black car silently drove up to the entrance”, and after a while Vika’s father came out, accompanied by three men.

Zinochka hurries with all her might to Iskra to tell about the fact that Vika Lyuberetskaya's dad was arrested. The girl's mother finds out about this, and immediately writes a letter to the Central Committee with protection addressed to the chief engineer.

Chapter Six

Zinochka and Iskra agree that no one at the school will know about the arrest of Lyubertsy - this "does not concern anyone." However, already at the first lesson, everyone knows about what happened. Zina admits that Yura did it, and the guys decide to take revenge on him.

Artyom calls a tenth grader to the school boiler room, and a fight breaks out between the guys. After her graduation, friends go to Vika to support her in difficult times.

From Sashka, Iskra learns that Lyuberetsky is an enemy of the people, who "sold the drawings of our plane to the Nazis for a million."

Three days later, Artyom and Iskra are summoned to the director's office. Valendra accuses the guy that his fight with Yura was "political", and demands from Iskra to hold an "emergency Komsomol meeting" in order to expel Vika Lyuberetskaya from the Komsomol.

Chapter Seven

Vika invites the children to relax in nature to say goodbye to autumn. She brings friends to Sosnovka, to her dacha. But the house is sealed, and the guys make a fire near the river.

Vika, knowing that Zhorka Landys has been in love with her for a long time, allows her to kiss him. Friends have a great time - baking potatoes, fooling around, singing songs, jumping over a fire.

The next day, a Komsomol meeting is convened, at which Lyuberetskaya must publicly renounce her father, but she does not come. Valendra sends Zinochka after her. The girl soon comes running and reports that Vika is "in the morgue".

Chapter Eight

The investigation into Vika's death lasted only a day - before drinking all the sleeping pills that were in the house, the girl left a note “I ask you not to blame anyone for my death. I act consciously and voluntarily.”

All this time, Iskra lives, "not noticing either time or those around him." Iskra's mother condemns Vika, who committed suicide due to her weak will, and forbids Iskra from "holding a memorial service" at her funeral.

The parents of Artem and Zina solve all the issues regarding the funeral, but the lack of a car becomes a serious problem. Then the director, under his own responsibility, closes the school for the day, gathers the high school students and carries the coffin of Vika Lyuberetskaya "through the city to the outskirts cemetery."

Nikolai Grigoryevich urges students to remember for the rest of their lives that not only a bullet kills, but also "a bad word and a bad deed, indifference and bureaucracy kills, cowardice and meanness kills." Despite the prohibition of his mother, Iskra reads "Yesenin's last lines" at the grave of his friend, and Zhorka plants a rosehip bush, under which he kissed Vika.

Chapter Nine

Iskra receives a parcel from Vika, which contained Yesenin's and Green's collections, as well as a letter. From the letter, Iskra learns that her friend was forced to die because she believed that "fathers must not be betrayed."

Gradually, the usual course of life is restored, but suddenly everyone learns that Lyuberetsky has come home, who has been acquitted. The guys decide to go to him with the whole class to tell about the last days of Vika's life. They manage to talk to Leonid Sergeevich, frozen in his grief, and he only sighs: "What a difficult year." Zinochka suggests that the leap year is to blame for all the misfortunes, but “the next one was one thousand nine hundred and forty-one” ...

Epilogue

The author tells about the fate of his friends after forty years. Valka Alexandrov, who was prophesied the fate of the great inventor, worked as an ordinary watchmaker. The war took away Pashka Ostapchuk's leg, sports and Lena, to whom he did not dare to "return disabled." Sasha Stameskin made his way into the people, becoming the director of the largest aircraft factory.

Zhora Landys was a fighter pilot, a hero, but he did not return from the war. Artem Shefer "blew himself up along with the bridge." Iskra and her mother, as the most zealous activists of the underground, were hanged by the Gestapo.

Conclusion

This is a story about a difficult stage of growing up, the formation of the personality of young people, whose carefree childhood is forever in the past. A story about love, friendship, betrayal and disappointment.

A brief retelling of “Tomorrow there was a war” by Boris Vasilyev will be useful for reader's diary and preparation for the lesson of literature.

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Analysis of the story

B. L. Vasilyeva "Tomorrow there was a war"

The story of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was a war” was written in 1972. And along with another story by this writer, “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...”, became one of the best and most famous works in our country about the period of the Great Patriotic War.

In his story, B. Vasiliev uses such an artistic method as realism.

The theme of the work is the relationship between the generations of fathers and children.

The story begins with a prologue and ends with an epilogue. Through the prologue, Vasiliev introduces the reader to the world of his memories of his youth, introduces him to his former classmates and teachers, school and parents, and the like. At the same time, the writer, as it were, reflects, pondering and reevaluating everything that happened to him forty years ago.

The epilogue sums up the story, sharply, but, nevertheless, harmoniously merging into the content. We again find ourselves almost forty years ahead, in 1972, we learn about the further fate of the heroes of the book and not only from the memoirs of the narrator, but also from the words of the headmaster.

Several classmates are at the center of the story. Iskra Polyakova is a lively and purposeful girl who dreams of becoming a commissar, an excellent student, an activist, and a wall newspaper editor. Her friends always go to her for advice, and for everyone, Iskra has an accurate and accurate answer, a solution to the most intractable problems and questions. True, at the end of the story, Iskra changes greatly, she begins to doubt those “truths” that her mother so diligently instilled in her. That is, Iskra is gradually maturing.

Zina Kovalenko is windy and fickle. Iskra said she was a real girl. Zina solves all her questions either with the help of Iskra, or by trusting her unmistakable intuition. But she also begins to grow up, feels that the boys like her, and even at the end of the story acquires the independence and prudence of Iskra.

Vika Lyuberetskaya is the most mysterious and incomprehensible girl for her classmates. She seemed to be morally older than them and therefore had no friends until the ninth grade. Vika is delighted with her father, considers him an ideal, loves to self-forgetfulness. The worst thing for her is to doubt her father. And when he is arrested, Vika commits suicide not out of a whim, but as an adult.

Girls grow up first physically and then mentally. Boys grow up somewhat differently, as if they are reaching out for their grown-up classmates. So, the hooligan Sasha Stameskin is taken under his wing by Iskra, makes him an excellent student, enrolls him in an aviation club, and then helps him get a job at an aircraft factory.

Zhora Landys, a true friend and helper of all the boys in the class, falls in love with Vika and strives to grow up. The same process happens with some other guys.

In principle, we can say that the initiator of all these age-related changes was involuntarily the new director of the school - Nikolai Grigorievich Romakhin. His unusual system of upbringing does not hinder the growing up and spiritual search of children, but, on the contrary, provokes growing up.

The antipode of Romakhin in the story is the class teacher and literature teacher Valentina Andropovna (Valendra, as the guys call her). She is not satisfied with the routine of the new principal at the school. In an almost open struggle with him, she used all means, for example, wrote denunciations to higher authorities, argued, and the like. However, Valentina Andropovna cannot be considered a negative character. The author writes that she absolutely sincerely believed in the correctness of her beliefs, that the new principal was ruining the school. And this sincerity eventually allowed her to find a common language with the matured class and change.

The significance of secondary characters in the story is great. The teacher of literature and the director cannot be attributed to them, since the main conflict of the story unfolds around their relationship. The secondary characters are the students' parents and two teachers who are not involved in the conflict. Parents, raising their children, created their exact copy, with their own character traits, but they all accepted with understanding the growing up of their children, their new understanding of reality. And even comrade Polyakova, the mother of Iskra, an “iron” woman, accustomed to commanding her daughter as a subordinate, having met the rebuff of the matured Iskra, resigns herself, realizing that this should have happened. The same can be said about the father of Vika Lyuberetskaya, who unwittingly changed the lives of many children, becoming their ideal.

The theme of the work is expressed precisely by this growing up. The main idea that permeates the idea of the work is that in no case should adults influence the growing up of children, it is necessary to educate them, of course, but growing up goes its own way.

However, such an idea can be traced only in the main part of the story, and a new idea appears in the prologue and epilogue. The theme of the prologue and epilogue is the author's memories of his youth. And the idea is expressed in the fact that only the most beautiful thing is remembered in life - youth. The story is called - “Tomorrow there was a war”, but practically nothing is said about the war in it, and this is not accidental.

The war does not appear in the action of the story, but, as it were, follows from its content, logically ending the school years. Boris Vasiliev writes that the difference between the generation of his youth and the current one is that they knew that there would be a war, but we know that it will not happen, and we sincerely believe in it.

And now, forty years later, on the train that symbolizes life, these eternal ninth-graders remember not the war, not how they burned in the tank and went into battle, but what happened before.

The story of Boris Vasilyev "Tomorrow there was a war" was written in 1984. In 1987, a film of the same name was made based on the work.

The action takes place in the USSR in 1940. The story tells about students in grade 9 "B" of the ordinary Soviet school. Yesterday's girls and boys had time to grow up.

Many of them already feel responsible for themselves, for their future and even for their schoolmates. New academic year brought a lot of challenges to the guys.

Schoolchildren are sure that the coming 1941 will be much happier. 1940 didn't bring good luck because it was a leap year. Nobody knew that New Year prepares not only 9 "B", but also to the entire Soviet people.

Iskra Polyakova

Iskra - student 9 "B". This is the “class conscience”. Iskra tries not only to study well, but also to engage in social work. The girl considers it her duty to re-educate Sasha Stameskin, who does not want to learn a bully. In the class, Polyakova is not just afraid, but truly respected, because she is one of the most responsible and serious students.

Iskra's idol has always been her mother, Commissar Polyakova. A stern woman who went through a civil war raised her daughter in strictness and devotion to the Soviet regime. Iskra does not remember her father, who gave her an unusual name. Commissioner Polyakova considered her life partner too weak and cowardly. Next to such a person it is impossible to fight for your ideals. Iskra's parents broke up, and the mother ruthlessly destroyed all the photos former lover. One day, the mother’s personality is revealed to the girl from a completely different side: Commissar Polyakova is able to cry, but deep down she is just an unhappy woman.

Transformation of the views of the heroine
The weakness that lives in the soul of mother Iskra makes the main character herself soften. By the end of the story, the girl reconsiders some of her views. The first kiss makes Iskra think that in addition to social work in life there can be personal happiness that inspires the soul and gives strength to fight for their political ideals.

Polyakova also changes her mind about one of her classmates, whom she always considered an arrogant hypocrite. The poems of the "decadent" Yesenin also cease to seem anti-Soviet girls.

The spark died heroically during the Great Patriotic War. The Polyakovs were executed by the Nazis.

Vika Luberetskaya

Vika is a classmate of Iskra. Vika's father held a high position, which allowed him to pamper his daughter in every possible way. The girl was left without a mother early and became the only joy in the life of engineer Lyubertsy.

The prosperity of Vika's family alienated her from the rest of her classmates. The guys never entered into open conflicts with her, but they always avoided the well-dressed "potbelly stove" who came to school by car. The girl did not try to become her own, but did not oppose herself to the class. Vicki's father knew that his daughter was prudent enough to properly manage her abilities, and allowed her a lot.

Iskra is stricter than other classmates in relation to Lyubertskaya. Vika seems to her too spoiled, arrogant and unadapted to life. A Soviet schoolgirl simply has no right to be like that. A serious trouble in the Lyuberetsky family makes Iskra regret his contempt for a classmate. Vika's father was arrested on suspicion of espionage. The girl understands that her comrades who did not like her will hate her even more. Nevertheless, classmates reacted to family grief with understanding. Vika began to be treated much better than before.

Despite the support of her classmates, Vika could not bear the severity of the test. She became the daughter of an "enemy of the people." In order to be rehabilitated in the public eye, she had to give up her father. But Vika couldn't do it. Not finding a way out of her situation, the girl poisoned herself. The desperate act of the daughter of the “enemy of the people” aroused even greater sympathy for the guys in the class. Vicki's death was in vain. All charges against her father were dropped.

After the death of Lyubertskaya, Iskra received a parcel from her, in which she found two books and a letter. One of the books turned out to be a collection of poems by Yesenin, the second - by the writer Green, unknown to Iskra. These were the favorite books of a deceased classmate. In her letter, Vika regretted that Iskra did not become her friend earlier. Lyuberetskaya always dreamed of being friends with the most honest girl in the class, but she was afraid to take the first step.

Other characters

In addition to Iskra Polyakova and Vika Lyuberetskaya, there are other main characters in the story that deserve the attention of the reader. Such characters include Zinochka Kovalenko, a frivolous girl who is always in love with someone; Vanka Alexandrov, nicknamed "Edison" for his passion for invention; Zhorka Landys, who unrequitedly loved Vika Lyubertskaya, and many others.

An important place in the life of young people is occupied by the teaching staff of the school. Cool lady 7 "B" Valentina Andronovna once served as the director of an educational institution. With her, the school turned into a kind of soldier's barracks with harsh military discipline. For her intolerable character, Valentina Andronovna received the nickname Valendra. The cruel headmistress did not have long to hold her post. In her place, Nikolai Romakhin was accepted, under which the students finally felt the long-awaited freedom.

main idea

Almost every person tends to panic and dramatize. A minor annoyance often leads to despondency and great despair. It seems to students of 9 "B" that real, "adult" problems have come into their lives. However, none of them even realizes that in just a few months the country will face such a difficult test that even death close friend pales in the face of the coming tragedy.

There are special works in the world of literature, for acquaintance with which a summary is hardly suitable. “Tomorrow there was a war” (Vasiliev) is a story about growing up. Boys and girls, who are still considered children, have already lost their childish naivety, but have not yet lost that immediacy that is characteristic only of a child. At the same time, young people want to participate in public life to be useful and necessary members of society.

In the actions of schoolchildren, despite their desire to appear adults, there is still a lot of childishness. Some of them only imitate adults, but are not really adults. Iskra Polyakova was brought up by a woman who does not recognize weaknesses in people. The girl also wants to become an "iron lady". Iskra is too young to understand that a woman who takes on the role of a man will face loneliness and misunderstanding of others. Vika Lyuberetskaya's act also cannot be called deliberate. Probably, the girl expressed her protest in this way, considering her actions adult and decisive. In reality, Vika committed a great stupidity, parting with her life at the very first difficulties in life.

The war remains behind the scenes of the work. It is an event of the past at the beginning of the story and an event of the future at its end. The author prefers not to directly touch on a topic that is painful for many, allowing readers to see their heroes only before and after the most terrible era in the history of the twentieth century.

The story of Boris Vasiliev "Tomorrow was the war" is dedicated to the last pre-war year in Russia. More precisely, the last pre-war academic year of 1940, since the main characters of the story are schoolchildren, ninth grade students in a small town.

Sixteen year olds in 1940

Godou is the same generation that was born immediately after the revolution and civil war. All their fathers and mothers participated in these events in one way or another.

Consequently, these children grew up with a dual feeling: on the one hand, they are sorry that the civil war ended before them, that they did not have time to take part in it, and on the other hand, they sincerely believe that they have been entrusted with an equally important mission, they must to preserve the socialist system, must do something worthy.

This is a generation that lives with the dream of a personal feat that should benefit the homeland. All the boys in this class wanted to become commanders of the Red Army,

To keep up with their fathers.

The main character of the story, the Komsomol activist Iskra Polyakova, furiously denies her personal life and personal happiness, dreaming of the proud spirit of the word “commissar”.

Other girls in the class do not share her active position, although they also believe in communism. But their dreams are different: the cheerful laugher Zinochka Kovalenko, and the judicious Lena Bokova, and the dreamy Vika Lyuberetskaya - for all of them their own happiness is more important, it is more important to love and be loved.

However, none of these dreams can be fully realized in the Soviet Union of 1940, where repression and control over society are rampant, where war will soon begin.

The culmination of this story is the moment of the arrest of the father of Vika Lyuberetskaya, a major aircraft designer. After that, Vika is declared “the daughter of an enemy of the people”, and the girl begins to be persecuted at school. Not wanting to betray her father and renounce him, as demanded by the Komsomol organization, Vika commits suicide.

She is not the only one seeking justice. After the news of the arrest of Vika's father, her classmates, contrary to the prohibitions of the school, go to support the girl, because they believe that she is definitely not to blame for anything.

Artem Shefer fights in a “duel” with a tenth grader who has spread the news around the school. After Vika's death, the director of the school, Nikolai Grigorievich, specially sends her classmates to the funeral, where there is no one else.

Of particular interest in that story is the character main character, Iskra Polyakova. If at first she was a classic Komsomol activist who firmly believes in the just cause of the party, then after the events related to Vika, she gradually changes her position: she begins to believe that the party, the school, and the Komsomol can sometimes be wrong.

In the epilogue of the story, it is shown that all the guys really managed to realize their youthful dream of a feat. They embodied it on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, and tragically - almost all the students of the former 9 "B" died. The narration in the introduction and epilogue is conducted on behalf of supposedly their classmate - Boris Vasiliev himself.

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Sixteen-year-olds in 1940 are the same generation that was born immediately after the revolution and civil war. All their fathers and mothers participated in these events in one way or another.

Thirst for personal achievement

This is a generation that lives with the dream of a personal feat that should benefit the homeland. All the boys in this class wanted to become commanders of the Red Army in order to keep up with their fathers.

The main character of the story, the Komsomol activist Iskra Polyakova, furiously denies her personal life and personal happiness, dreaming of the proud spirit of the word "commissar".

However, none of these dreams can be fully realized in the Soviet Union of 1940, where repression and control over society are rampant, where war will soon begin.

Fight for human dignity and justice

She is not the only one seeking justice. After the news of the arrest of Vika's father, her classmates, contrary to the prohibitions of the school, go to support the girl, because. believe that she is definitely not to blame for anything.

Particularly interesting in that story is the character of the main character, Iskra Polyakova. If at first she was a classic Komsomol activist who firmly believes in the just cause of the party, then after the events related to Vika, she gradually changes her position: she begins to believe that the party, the school, and the Komsomol can sometimes be wrong.