Class: Grade 10

Item: social science

The purpose of the lesson: to help students understand what culture is and what its types are.

Lesson type: lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge

Used textbooks and tutorials: Social science, textbook for students grade 10. educational institutions, basic level, edited by LN Bogolyubov. M., Enlightenment, 2010

Used methodological literature: Social science. Guidelines. A basic level of. Edited by L.N. Bogolyubov M., Enlightenment. 2006

Plan for learning new material

1. Spiritual activity.
2. What is culture. Tradition and innovation in culture.
3. Functions of culture.
4. Forms and varieties of culture.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Repetition of the material covered

1. Recall the main areas of public life and briefly describe them.

2. How do the spheres of society function?

Each sphere of society's life has a certain independence, but at the same time, they not only interact, but also mutually determine each other.

For example: influence of the political sphere on culture:
- the state pursues a certain policy in the field of culture
- cultural figures in their works, in their work reflect political views and positions

3. Summarize:

- the spiritual sphere is closely connected with other spheres of society
- along with the economic, political, social sphere, the spiritual sphere occupies an important place in the activities of human society.

II. Learning new material

Thus, the spiritual life of society arises on the basis of human practical activity and is a form of reflection of the surrounding world and a means of interacting with it.

Spiritual life includes: taken together they form

Spiritual life is one of the subsystems of society and the elements of the spiritual sphere are

Culture is the subject of study of many sciences - (list which sciences study culture) - history, sociology, philosophy and anthropology. One of the culturologists counted more than 200 definitions of cultures in modern humanitarian knowledge.

Where does culture begin?

Bees building honeycombs do not create culture, they reproduce for millions of years what is laid down in them by nature.
The man who created the stone axe, machine tools and machines, planes and trains created something new that does not exist in nature.
Those. everything created by man that is not nature, we refer to culture.

In a broad sense of the word, we can say that culture is a transformative, creative activity of man in relation to nature.
Culture is like a "second nature" created by man himself.
In the narrow sense of the word, culture is used to characterize the material and spiritual development of certain historical epochs, specific societies, nationalities, nations?

For example:

ancient culture
Mayan culture
art culture
work culture
culture of life, etc.

those. in a narrow sense, the term culture refers to the sphere of the spiritual life of society.

Question for students. Define what activities and types of activities are.

Activity - a specific type of human activity aimed at improving the surrounding world and oneself.

In connection with the existence of two types of activity, material and spiritual, two main areas of cultural development can be distinguished.

Traditions (continuity) and innovation are of great importance in spiritual culture.
The accumulation of cultural values goes in two directions, vertically and horizontally.

Traditions – elements of heritage passed down from generation to generation.
Values, customs, rituals can be traditional. (Vertical)
For example: (students)
- the spring holiday of Maslenitsa has been known since the time of the ancient Slavs
- the rule of etiquette to let women go ahead has come down to us from the period of matriarchy.
Innovation - manifestation of the new in creative activity.
Man is a creator by nature. We create even when we perceive what others have created.
So reading "War and Peace"
- some are imbued with interest and sympathy for the searches of Natasha Rostova;
- others are touched by the peculiar patriotism of Pierre Bezukhov;
- the third closer is Andrei Bolkonsky’s statement that “only two things should be avoided in life: illness and remorse”
Each era gives rise to its creators, innovators who make outstanding scientific discoveries, sometimes brilliant works of art.
True, it also happens that these creations do not find recognition among contemporaries. But if these are genuine spiritual values, then their time will come and subsequent generations will pay tribute to them. For example, paintings by impressionist artists.
_______________________________________________________________________
Culture performs a number of very important functions in human life and society.

III. Working with the text of the textbook

Highlight the functions of culture

- adaptation to the environment (the most ancient man learned how to make fire and made a stone ax) is the most ancient function of culture.
- accumulation, storage and transfer of cultural values (Rublev "Trinity", Assumption Cathedral, chronicles) culture preserves the heritage accumulated over the centuries, which remains the foundation of the creative search of mankind and this function allows a person to determine his place in the world.
- goal-setting and regulation of the life of society and human activity (Beauty, Goodness, Truth, Justice, Benefit, Power, Freedom) within the framework of this function, values are created that regulate people's lives and their activities)
- socialization of new generations (children raised by animals), this function allows each person to learn a system of knowledge, norms and values that allow him to adapt to life in human society.
– communicative functions (communication) this function allows the development of personality through communication

Correlate culture features with given examples

In life, we encounter a wide variety of cultures. There is a national and world culture, secular and religious, Western and Eastern, and so on.
Looking at the map of the world, we understand that cultures can be determined by racial and national characteristics.

Now there are no isolated cultural communities left on Earth. Scientific and technological progress, information technology, the development of transport, the increased mobility of the population entails an international culture, the creation of a single cultural space for different nations and nationalities. A striking example is the culture of our country, a multinational and multi-confessional country.

1. Veliky Novgorod (wooden architecture)
2. Moscow (V. Blessed Cathedral)
3. Kazan (the symbol of Kazan is the dragon Zilant)
4. Vladimir - (Church of the Intercession on the Nerl)
5. Krasnodar (monument to the Cossacks)
6. Volgograd (stele to the defenders of the motherland)
7. Yakutsk (monument to Mammoth)
8. Anadyr (sculptural composition for the workers of the north)
9. Far East (7th century AD Bohai turtle found in the 19th century)

When we are talking about the diversity of culture, this refers to the three forms of culture - folk, mass, elite and its two varieties - subculture And counterculture.
Identify the forms of culture from the videos.
Identify the characteristic features of each of the forms of culture.

Folk

– folklore, manners, customs, folk music (forms)
– amateur
– collective
– multi-genre
- does not have an author

Bulk

- focused on the mass consumer
- simplicity, accessibility
- commercial focus

It was formed simultaneously with the society of mass production and consumption.

Elite

- designed for a narrow circle of consumers
- difficult to understand for an unprepared person
- is created by a privileged part of society, or by its order by professional creators.

Mass and elite cultures are not hostile to each other.
The achievements of elite art are adopted by mass culture, increasing its level, and mass culture that brings profit makes it possible to support the "creators" of elite art.

Thus, culture has always been the main source of man's creative aspirations, the main reason for his existence. It is culture that makes us reasonable, positively thinking, humane beings with moral positions and obligations. Culture is the soul of society. Through and through culture, we discern values and become capable of making choices.

"Culture represents main point and the main value of the existence of both individual peoples and small ethnic groups, and states. Outside of culture, their independent existence deprives them of meaning.
D.S. Likhachev

IV. Consolidation of the passed topic "Culture and spiritual life"

Part A

A1. The word "culture" originally meant (were)

1) rules of conduct in society
2) creation of artificial nature
3) land cultivation methods
4) ways of producing new knowledge

A2. Definition: “The result of the activities of man and society, the totality of material and spiritual values created by man” refers to the concept

1) art
2) creativity
3) science
4) culture

A3. Are the following statements about culture correct?

A. Culture is a set of values, the general level of intellectual, moral, aesthetic development of people.
B. Culture - a set of historically established forms of joint activity.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

A4. Spiritual culture is

1) equipment
2) art
3) building
4) computer

A5. Are the following statements about subculture correct?

A. Subculture - a set of norms and values of the culture of the criminal layer of society.
B. A subculture is an autonomous holistic formation within the dominant culture that determines the lifestyle and thinking of its bearers.

1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong

A6. Definition of culture: "Culture created by a privileged part of society, or at its request, by professional creators" refers to the concept

1) folk culture
2) popular culture
3) literary culture
4) national culture

Part B

IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the types of culture and their objects: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

Cultural objects Types of culture

A) plastic 1) material culture
B) musical image 2) spiritual culture
B) Japanese rock garden
D) painting
D) chopped primitive man

A

AT 2. Find terms in the list below related to material culture and write in ascending order

1) religious teaching
2) TV
3) music
4) equipment
5) scientific discovery
6) machine

Keys:

Part A Part B

A1 - 3 B1. a – 2 b – 1 c – 2 d – 1 e – 1
A2 - 4 B2 2 4 6
A3 - 1
A5 - 2
A6 - 3
A7 - 3

4 correct answers - "3";
6 correct answers - "4";
8 correct answers - "5".

V. Homework

Write an essay: "Culture always involves the preservation of previous experience." (Yu. Lotman)

Essay writing algorithm:

1. Reveal the meaning of the statement.
2. Expand the topic based on the relevant concepts, theoretical positions and conclusions.
3. Use facts and examples from various sources:

a) media reports;
b) materials of educational subjects (history, literature, geography);
c) facts of personal social experience and own observations.

Thus ... (you can return to the first lines of the essay)

Subject: social science.
The author's group from MBOU secondary school No. 26 of Penza: Pupil of 10 A class Sigueva Ksenia.
History teacher Umyvalkina Galina Valerievna, Computer science teacher Vadim V. Fleonov

Structure of culture

Culture is a complex multi-level system, it is the activity and heritage of 1200 generations of the human race. Therefore, it is very difficult to distinguish the structure of culture. To do this, you need to subdivide the culture by carrier. From here it is legitimate to single out world and national culture.

World and national culture

World culture is a synthesis of the best achievements of all national cultures of various peoples inhabiting the planet. National culture, in turn, acts as a synthesis of cultures of various classes, social strata and groups of the corresponding society.

The originality of the national culture, its originality and originality are manifested both in the spiritual (language, literature, music, painting, religion) and material (features of the economic structure, housekeeping, traditions of labor and production) spheres of life and activity.

It is generally accepted to distinguish between folk (non-professional) and professional culture. As for the correlation of the universal, national and class in culture, this is a very urgent and complex problem. What is needed here is a concrete historical approach, devoid of ideological and political predilections.

Culture is divided into certain types and genera. The basis of such a division is the variety human activity. Hence the material and spiritual culture.

Culture is divided into certain types and genera. The basis of such a division is the diversity of human activity. Hence the material and spiritual culture.

A number of other culturologists (L.N. Kogan) argue that there are types of culture that cannot be attributed only to material or spiritual.

A number of other culturologists (L.N. Kogan) argue that there are types of culture that cannot be attributed only to material or spiritual.
These species represent a "vertical" section of culture, as if penetrating its entire system. economic; political;
ecological;

culture

aesthetic culture

In terms of content and influence, culture is divided into progressive and reactionary. This is obvious, since culture can educate a person not only moral, but also immoral.

In terms of content and influence, culture is divided into progressive and reactionary. This is obvious, since culture can educate a person not only moral, but also immoral.

And the last division - on the basis of relevance. This is the culture that is in mass use. Each era creates its own actual culture. This is especially noticeable in fashion. The relevance of culture is a living process in which something is born, gains strength, lives and dies.
Thus, the structure of culture appears as a complex formation. At the same time, all its elements interact with each other, form a single system - culture.

The totality of material and spiritual values, as well as the ways of their creation, the ability to use them for the progress of mankind, to pass them on from generation to generation, constitute culture (A.G. Spirkin).

The totality of material and spiritual values, as well as the ways of their creation, the ability to use them for the progress of mankind, to pass them on from generation to generation, constitute culture (A.G. Spirkin).

Functions of culture

The functions of culture are very diverse:
1. According to Cicero, "cultura animi" - cultivation, cultivation of the spirit. The human-creative or humanistic function of culture is the most important task for our resurgent Fatherland.
2. The function of translation (transfer) of social experience is the only mechanism for the transfer of social experience from generation to generation, from era to era, from one country to another.
3. The cognitive (epistemological) function, concentrating in itself the best social experience of many generations, acquires the ability to accumulate the richest knowledge about the world and thereby create favorable opportunities for its knowledge and development.

4. The regulatory (normative) function is associated with the definition (regulation) of various aspects, types of social and personal activities of people. It is supported by such normative systems as morality and law.
5. The semiotic or semiotic function serves to study the corresponding signs and systems, without which it is impossible to master the achievements of culture. Thus, language acts as the most important means of mastering national culture. There are specific languages for learning music, painting, theater. The natural sciences also have sign systems.
6. Value, or axiological function reflects the qualitative state of culture. According to the level of value needs and orientation of a person, the degree of his culture is judged.

According to the main cultural and historical types, world culture can be divided into Western and Eastern. Their main differences lie in the fact that, unlike Christian Europe, which deifies the absolute personality of the creator, and thus man as his image and likeness, Eastern religion is based on the idea of falsity of individual forms of spiritual life.

According to the main cultural and historical types, world culture can be divided into Western and Eastern. Their main differences lie in the fact that, unlike Christian Europe, which deifies the absolute personality of the creator, and thus man as his image and likeness, Eastern religion is based on the idea of falsity of individual forms of spiritual life.

In turn, both Western and Eastern cultures went through several stages of their development, replacing each other or existing in parallel.

In turn, both Western and Eastern cultures went through several stages of their development, replacing each other or existing in parallel.
Cultural-historical types are not eternal. They form and break. Many types no longer exist. New ones arose on the ruins of some of them.

According to the famous Russian sociologist, historian and thinker N.Ya. Danilevsky, one can only speak of a cultural-historical type if a given historical-cultural community is characterized by four types of cultural activity: religious; proper cultural, including theoretical-scientific, aesthetic-scientific, aesthetic-artistic and technical-industrial activities; political, which involves the formation of an independent state; socio-economic.

According to the famous Russian sociologist, historian and thinker N.Ya. Danilevsky, one can only speak of a cultural-historical type if a given historical-cultural community is characterized by four types of cultural activity: religious; proper cultural, including theoretical-scientific, aesthetic-scientific, aesthetic-artistic and technical-industrial activities; political, which involves the formation of an independent state; socio-economic.

N.Ya. Danilevsky

However, it does not follow from this that in each cultural-historical type all types of cultural activity are equally developed. History shows that each cultural-historical type reached heights in only one or two types of cultural activities. For example, Greek - in the cultural proper, Roman - in the political, Jewish - in the religious.

Sources used for the presentation:

Sources used for the presentation:
Website "Blog of a cultured person" (http://www.caringheartsofpeedee.com/?p=3494)
Image sources: http://www.fotomebel.com/?p=catalog&razdel=75
http://www.abc-people.com/data/rafael-santi/pic-8.htm
http://www.visit-greece.ru/culture/
http://www.culturemap.ru/?region=164
http://stories-about-unknows.blogspot.ru/2012/07/blog-post_14.html
http://wikitravel.org/ru/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC
http://www.nenovosty.ru/klerki-menegery.html
https://sites.google.com/site/konstantinovaanastasia01/politiceskaa-kultura-obsestva
http://www.samara.edu.ru/?ELEMENT_ID=5809
http://yonost.ucoz.ru/index/0-2 http://art-objekt.ru
http://www.chemsoc.ru/ http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/
http://maxmir.net http://t2.gstatic.com
http://i.allday.ru http://tours-tv.com
http://2italy.msk.ru http://2italy.msk.ru
http://www.nongnoochgarden.com http://m-kultura.ru
http://www.labtour.ru http://www.museum.ru http://www.historylib.org
http://cs406222.userapi.com http://miuki.info
http://utm.in.ua http://budeco.biz
http://karpatyua.net http://ec-dejavu.net
http://t0.gstatic.com http://sveta-artemenkova.narod.ru
http://italy.web-3.ru http://moikompas.ru
http://www.pravenc.ru

Cultural institutions - religious organizations - the corresponding activities of the people. Purpose: To acquaint with the essence of fundamental values and the main functions of culture. A cultured person is tolerant and tolerant. Spiritual-theoretical (production of spiritual goods and values). Initially (lat.) - “cultivation, tillage. Why is culture needed? World and national Material and spiritual. - Science - morality - religion - philosophy - art - scientific institutions.

"Scientific and technological revolution" - Restructuring of the energy sector. revolutionary path. Technopolises. Extraordinary acceleration of scientific and technological transformations. Character traits NTR. Intellectualization. R&D funding by region of the world. Cosmization. NTR features. Examples of evolutionary and revolutionary changes. evolutionary path. What are the functions of equipment and technology. Technoparks and technopolises. Improvement of already known technology.

"Spirituality" - The most important elements of human spirituality are values, morality, worldview. Moral standards are the most important. The moral attitudes of the individual have been studied by the greatest philosophers. Who sets moral standards? There is also conscience, patriotism, citizenship. There is a main universal requirement, which is called the "golden rule" of morality. What role does worldview play in people's activities?

"Worldview" - Hungarian crossword puzzle. The concept of the categorical imperative. Ordinary mindset. We all walk under one God, though we do not believe in one. Strong side. A call to peace. The role of worldview in human activity. Hatred is a strong enmity, aversion to someone or something. About wealth. Worldview. Turn to man. About helping those in need. Worldview types. One of the classifications of types of worldviews.

"Social cognition" - In the narrow sense - a cognizable object. Features of social cognition. In a narrow sense - a knowing person, endowed with will and consciousness. Types of social facts. Subject. An object. The possibility of applying the experiment is limited. Cognition -. In a broader sense - society. Establishing social patterns is extremely difficult. Concrete-historical approach to social phenomena. Social science grade 10.

"Philosophy and Science" - Culturology appeared in the 19th century. What does cultural studies study? Science and philosophy. The doctrine of the good and values. Archeology. Philosophy. The ancestor of sciences is philosophy. Sociology. Philosophy as a social science. The doctrine of being. Culturology. Classification of social and humanitarian sciences. Civil history. Russell. What methods does sociology use? Story. Physical chemistry. Social Sciences. What is history?

To view a presentation with pictures, design, and slides, download its file and open it in PowerPoint on your computer.
Text content of presentation slides: Spiritual culture of the individual and society Lecturer Fedoseeva O.V. State budget professional educational institution Department of Health of the City of Moscow "Medical College No. 1" Discipline "Social Science" Epigraph The true indicator of civilization is not the level of wealth ..., not the size of cities, not the abundance of crops, but the appearance of a person brought up by the country. Ralph Waldo Emerson, 19th century American poet. The concept of culture. In a broad sense, the results of human activity in all spheres of society. In a narrow sense, the activity of mankind in the creation and consumption of spiritual values. The spiritual also includes the highest values of human existence - freedom, love, creativity, faith. The spiritual culture of the individual is a system of social attitudes, ideals, values and norms that are designed to guide a person in the world around him. The Spiritual World of Man Once Socrates and his disciples were walking down the road and discussing the complex problems of being. The owner of the entertainment establishment, who saw this, asked the philosopher: - Socrates, why are you trying so hard? Look, as soon as I beckon your students, they will come to me in a crowd. To which Socrates replied: - Of course, because you call them down, and I lead them up the difficult path of knowledge. Worldview - a set of views, ideas, assessments, values that determine a person's attitude to the world. Culture determines the worldview The spiritual culture of society The development of culture - the accumulation of cultural values The emergence of new knowledge and works of art The deepening of knowledge from generation to generation The imposition of ideals Types (forms) of culture Mass elite, Folk, Youth (subculture) Mass culture Elite culture Elite culture - fine art, classical music and literature, created and consumed by the elite (a narrow circle of connoisseurs), Aesthetic component is more important than commercial "Art for art's sake" Girl sitting with her back. S. Dali Before the mirror. P. Picasso The Ninth Wave. I. Aivazovsky folk culture created by the people themselves, by unknown authors, has an ethnic coloring. (These are fairy tales, songs, folklore, myths, traditions, etc.) Subculture is part of a common culture, the culture of a certain social group. Sub in Latin is “under”, contains a connotation of submission. A subculture may differ from the dominant culture in its own system of values, language, demeanor, clothing and other aspects Contra - “against”, contains a hint of protest, opposition. youth subculture counterculture Counterculture is a part of the general culture that reflects the protest mood of a social group. Subculture Example: 1960s hippies. The cult of simplicity, not material well-being. The "principle of selfishness" is to disregard public opinion. A revolution in consumer style - jeans have evolved from work wear to casual wear, with ripped and dirty jeans being prized. Pacifism. Long hair in men, loose in women. Mini skirts. Sobriety was replaced by drugs and the preaching of free love. Task Connect the characteristic with the type of culture1. content complexity. accessibility to the general public 3. the anonymity of most works4. Orientation to a narrow circle of connoisseurs5. mass character Culture of communication. Manners are everyday habits. Etiquette - elitist manners characteristic of a certain stratum of society. Question: How is the spiritual wealth of a person, her spiritual world? What kind of person can you consider spiritually rich? "Draw" it verbal portrait. Independent work 1. "Draw" a verbal portrait of a spiritually rich person.2. Workshop 2.1 Page 58 № 2,3,4

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Presentation on the topic: Culture and spiritual life of society

slide number 1

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slide number 2

Description of the slide:

The structure of culture Culture is a complex multi-level system, it is the activity and legacy of 1200 generations of the human race. Therefore, it is very difficult to distinguish the structure of culture. To do this, you need to subdivide the culture by carrier. From here it is legitimate to single out world and national culture.

slide number 3

Description of the slide:

World and national culture World culture is a synthesis of the best achievements of all national cultures of various peoples inhabiting the planet. National culture, in turn, acts as a synthesis of cultures of various classes, social strata and groups of the corresponding society. The originality of national culture, its uniqueness and originality are manifested both in spiritual (language, literature, music, painting, religion) and material way of life, housekeeping, traditions of labor and production) spheres of life and activity.

slide number 4

Description of the slide:

It is generally accepted to single out folk (non-professional) and professional culture. As for the correlation of the universal, national and class in culture, this is a very urgent and complex problem. What is needed here is a concrete historical approach, devoid of ideological and political predilections.

slide number 5

Description of the slide:

slide number 6

Description of the slide:

A number of other culturologists (L.N. Kogan) argue that there are types of culture that cannot be attributed only to material or spiritual. These species represent a "vertical" section of culture, as if penetrating its entire system. economic; political; ecological; aesthetic culture

slide number 7

Description of the slide:

In terms of content and influence, culture is divided into progressive and reactionary. This is obvious, since culture can educate a person not only moral, but also immoral. And the last division is on the basis of relevance. This is the culture that is in mass use. Each era creates its own actual culture. This is especially noticeable in fashion. The relevance of culture is a living process in which something is born, gains strength, lives and dies. Thus, the structure of culture appears as a complex formation. At the same time, all its elements interact with each other, form a single system - culture.

slide number 8

Description of the slide:

slide number 9

Description of the slide:

The functions of culture The functions of culture are very diverse: 1. According to Cicero, "cultura animi" is cultivation, cultivation of the spirit. The human-creative or humanistic function of culture is the most important task for our resurgent Fatherland.2. The function of translation (transfer) of social experience is the only mechanism for the transfer of social experience from generation to generation, from era to era, from one country to another.3. The cognitive (epistemological) function, concentrating the best social experience of many generations, acquires the ability to accumulate the richest knowledge about the world and thereby create favorable opportunities for its knowledge and development.

slide number 10

Description of the slide:

4. The regulatory (normative) function is associated with the definition (regulation) of various aspects, types of social and personal activities of people. It is supported by such normative systems as morality and law.5. The semiotic or semiotic function serves to study the corresponding signs and systems, without which it is impossible to master the achievements of culture. Thus, the language acts as the most important means of mastering the national culture. There are specific languages for learning music, painting, theater. The natural sciences also have sign systems.6. The value or axiological function reflects the qualitative state of culture. According to the level of value needs and orientation of a person, the degree of his culture is judged.

Description of the slide:

In turn, both Western and Eastern cultures have gone through several stages of their development, replacing each other or existing in parallel. Cultural-historical types are not eternal. They form and break. Many types no longer exist. New ones arose on the ruins of some of them.

slide number 13

Description of the slide:

Sources used for presentation: Cultural Man Blog website (http://www.caringheartsofpeedee.com/?p=3494) Image sources: http://www.fotomebel.com/?p=catalog&razdel=75http://www .abc-people.com/data/rafael-santi/pic-8.htmhttp://www.visit-greece.ru/culture/http://www.culturemap.ru/?region=164http://stories- about-unknows.blogspot.ru/2012/07/blog-post_14.htmlhttp://wikitravel.org/ru/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BChttp://www.nenovosty.ru/klerki-menegery .htmlhttps://sites.google.com/site/konstantinovaanastasia01/politiceskaa-kultura-obsestvahttp://www.samara.edu.ru/?ELEMENT_ID=5809http://yonost.ucoz.ru/index/0-2 http ://art-objekt.ruhttp://www.chemsoc.ru/ http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/http://maxmir.net http://t2.gstatic.comhttp://i.allday. ru http://tours-tv.comhttp://2italy.msk.ru http://2italy.msk.ruhttp://www.nongnoochgarden.com http://m-kultura.ruhttp://www.labtour .ru http://www.museum.ru http://www.historylib.orghttp://cs406222.userapi.com http://miuki.infohttp://utm.in.ua http://bu deco.bizhttp://karpatyua.net http://ec-dejavu.nethttp://t0.gstatic.com http://sveta-artemenkova.narod.ruhttp://italy.web-3.ru http:/ /moikompas.ruhttp://www.pravenc.ru