Heroes of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 known to everyone.

Songs are composed about them, many memorials are dedicated to them. However, few people remember that many children died during the war.

And those who survived, began to be called "children of war."

1941-1945 through the eyes of children

In those distant years, the kids lost the most precious thing in their lives - a carefree childhood. Many of them, along with adults, had to stand behind the machines at the factory, work in the field in order to feed their families. Many children of war are real heroes. They helped the military, went to reconnaissance, collected guns on the battlefield, and took care of the wounded. A huge role in the victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. belongs precisely to kids and teenagers who did not spare their lives.

Unfortunately, it is now difficult to say how many children died then, because humanity does not know the exact number of those who died, even among the military. Children-heroes passed the siege of Leningrad, survived the presence of the Nazis in the cities, regular bombing, hunger. A lot of trials befell the kids of those years, sometimes even the death of their parents before their eyes. Today, these people are already over 70 years old, but they can still tell a lot about those years when they had to fight the Nazis. And although the parades. Dedicated to the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 mainly the military is honored, and one should not forget the children who bore the hunger and cold of a terrible time on their shoulders.

Related materials

About how the war looks through the eyes of these people, pictures and photos on the topic “Children of War” will help to tell.

Many of the photos known to modern children mainly show the heroes who fought for the liberation of our land and participated in the battles. On our site we offer pictures, drawings and photos on the theme "Children of War". Based on them, you can create presentations for schoolchildren about how children, together with the military, achieved victory in the fight against the Nazis.

Children should pay attention to everyday life, clothes, appearance children of that time. Most often, photos show them wrapped in downy scarves, dressed in overcoats or sheepskin coats, in hats with earflaps.

However, perhaps the most terrible are the photos of children in concentration camps. These are real heroes whom time forced to endure unforgettable horrors.

It is worth including such photos in presentations for older children, because babies are still too impressionable, and such a story can adversely affect their psyche.

The war through the eyes of those guys looked something terrible, incomprehensible, but they had to live with it every day. It was a longing for the murdered parents, about the fate of which the kids sometimes did not know anything. Now the children who lived at that time and have survived to this day remember, first of all, hunger, a tired mother who worked for two at a factory and at home, schools where children of different ages studied in the same class, and they had to write on scraps of newspapers. All this is a reality that is hard to forget.

Heroes

After the lesson and presentation, modern children can be given a task, timed to coincide with Victory Day or another military holiday, to create color drawings that depict children of war. Subsequently, the best drawings can be hung on the stand and photos and illustrations of modern guys can be compared, as they imagine those years.

The heroes who fought against fascism today remember the cruelty that the Germans also showed against children. They separated them from their mothers, sending them to concentration camps. After the war, these kids, having matured, tried for years to find their parents, and sometimes found them. What a meeting filled with joy and tears! But some still can't find out what happened to their parents. This pain is no less than that of parents who have lost their babies.

vintage photo and the drawings are not silent about those terrible days. AND modern generation should remember what they owe to their grandparents. About this teachers and educators in kindergarten should tell the kids, without hushing up the facts of bygone years. The better the youth remembers the exploits of their ancestors, the more they themselves are capable of exploits for the sake of their own descendants.

Time passes, years, centuries, events and experiences of terrible war days go further and further. But they are not forgotten, so each new generation draws their fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers on sheets of paper, trying to capture the feat that they accomplished. How to draw a war so that it does not look like a heartless drawing that will be forgotten over time, but so that it is remembered, deposited in the soul and heart of every person?

Drawing on a military theme

Before going on the topic of "war", you should decide on several parameters. In your thoughts, you need to imagine how the drawing will look like, what will be depicted on it.
Will it be a separate character or part of a military action? Maybe it will be an image of some military equipment in the ruins of a city or an airplane in a burning sky, or a nurse in a hospital, or an old woman looking out the window with the hope of the return of her son or husband. The main thing is that it comes from the heart. Then the image will come out with a soul. Not a single person can remain indifferent, thinking about the past and drawing a war. On a sheet of paper, the state of war, hostile attitude towards it and devastating consequences that she leaves behind.

Color and paint of military drawing

Each person who undertakes to draw on a military theme sees his future drawing in his own color. The palette of war is multifaceted. It can also be in black colors - a sign of mourning, horror and loss. Maybe in red colors - a symbol of spilled blood, rage and cruelty. Also, the drawing can be “colorless gray”, the war was seen by desperate people who lived in those years in such a color. The image may be bright, lively (in the color of hope). How to draw a war, what color or many shades? This everyone decides for himself.

An example of an image of a drawing about the war in stages with a pencil

In order to complete the drawing, we need: paper, pencil and thoughts about what will be depicted. So, how to draw a war with a pencil in stages, if you decide to depict some kind of battle scene, with a crowd of people, equipment, and so on? First, mark all the main lines of the drawing with very light strokes, so that if necessary, you can correct it without harm to the picture. When drawing a building, draw the main part of it (roof, walls), then mark the details, for example, a hole in the wall where a bomb fell, or part of a collapsed staircase. What if you decide to draw several soldiers on the battlefield? In this case, you should start from the farthest. In the figure, it should be the smallest in size, and all the rest should gradually increase.

When displaying various vehicles, be it an aircraft, a tank or a ship, you need to start in the same way as with various buildings, first drawing the base, and then gradually adding realities, colors or historical nuances to them. Also, in order to make your characters, vehicles and buildings look the most realistic, you should turn to literary sources. View photographs of those years, find out, for example, what uniform the soldiers had, what tanks and aircraft they were, how they differed from each other, and pay attention to this in the picture. With the help of books and various illustrations, you can easily understand how to draw a war or various military actions.

Great Patriotic War on a sheet of paper

How to draw the Patriotic War on a sheet of paper? The Great Patriotic War is often called the "war of engines". Indeed, at that time, motorized equipment began to operate in the arsenal of the Soviet troops. In particular, the appearance of tanks can be noted. In this regard, the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat war looks like has also changed. The drawings began to appear tanks on various backgrounds. It could be a tank in an abandoned city or on the battlefield, or a separate element of the whole drawing. Enemy tanks are drawn separately, they certainly have various elements of national identity (for example, a swastika).

In films about the Great Patriotic War, you can also see Soviet soldiers with machine guns, Shpagin pistols (PPSh), and fascists with angular MPs. Also, heavy and super-powerful installations of the Baltic Fleet took part in the Great Patriotic War. They are also often seen in the drawings. Given all this, the Great Patriotic War on a piece of paper is often depicted with drawings of various kinds of equipment and weapons.

Life without war, but with the memory of its heroes

How to draw a war with light colors? It is possible to display this event without using dark and terrifying colors. The image of a soldier who returned home, or an already gray-haired veteran and his family - can also be attributed to the military theme of the drawing. The task of the picture about the war is, first of all, the memory of those terrible events and one of the ways of warning for the future. Therefore, all drawings about the war are of tremendous importance, and the younger generation learns the history of their country from these stories.

One of the most exciting pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War was and remains the theme of military childhood. Children and adolescents worked on an equal footing with adults at enterprises and collective farms, volunteered for the front and became children of regiments, gave their savings to the USSR Defense Fund 1 and joined partisan detachments. And on the pages of newspapers, children tried to keep up with adults: for example, to the editorial office of the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper, as well as a number of other publications for children and youth that continued their work during the war years, children sent drawings, poems about the war, and even cartoons on German soldiers. Among the letters and drawings there are both childishly naive (see doc. N 2), and letters from schoolchildren who tried to write and draw "in an adult way." In particular, the guys mastered caricatures of the enemy - satirical genre, characteristic primarily of "adult" Soviet newspapers.

One of the most popular newspapers among schoolchildren was Pionerskaya Pravda, the printed organ of the Central and Moscow Committees of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the structure of the newspaper was rebuilt to take into account wartime. Since June 1941 on the pages " Pioneer Truth"Several special wartime columns appeared: "From the Soviet Information Bureau", "Pioneer Piggy Bank of Scrap Metal", etc. In the satirical column "On the Bayonet", stories, feuilletons, poems, famous writers both poets and readers. We publish several children's cartoons and letters to them below.

Drawings are children's weapons

Schoolchildren, to the best of their ability, tried to participate in the activities of the pioneer newspaper. Among the drawings you can find not too skillful, and quite professional. From the "adult" genre of caricatures to children's caricatures, also different in execution technique, one of the main principles passed - the image of an enemy with bestial features, more like an animal than a person. Soviet fighters and nurses in children's drawings were examples of heroism and selfless service to the Motherland.

In addition, schoolchildren responded vividly to stories about the exploits of Komsomol war heroes. So, in the drawing by V. Arkhipovsky "Death of "Tanya"", obviously, the execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who was captured by the Germans while performing a combat mission in the village of Petrishchevo, is depicted. During interrogation, she called herself Tanya, and for the first time they learned about her feat from Peter Lidov's article "Tanya", published in the Pravda newspaper on January 27, 1942.

Children's cartoons and drawings about the war, published below, are part of a set of documents collected in wartime for display at the exhibition "Komsomol in the Patriotic War" at the State Historical Museum (SMM).

Exhibitions about heroism

At a meeting of the secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League on May 2, 1942, an official decision was made to organize an exhibition 2 that would highlight the heroism of Komsomol members and youth in the fight against the enemy at the front and in the rear. Initially, the opening of the exposition was scheduled for the anniversary of the start of the Great Patriotic War - June 22, 1942. In reality, the first exposition was deployed in 1943 in the State Historical Museum. About 40 artists and sculptors took part in the design of the exhibition. In 1944, the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League decided that the exhibition should exhibit materials not only about the Komsomol, but also about Soviet youth in general, in connection with this, the exhibition became known as "Komsomol and Youth in the Patriotic War."

In January 1949, the exposition "Komsomol and Youth in the Patriotic War" was included in the exhibition prepared for the 30th anniversary of the Komsomol (November 1948). In September 1949, this exhibition was called "Lenin-Stalin Komsomol". In July 1953 the exhibition was closed. The material exhibits of the exhibition were mainly transferred to Moscow museums - Historical, Revolution, Soviet Army. Documents and some material relics were transferred to the archive of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. Later, the archival and museum collection of the Central Committee of the Komsomol was replenished with materials received from the participants in the events and their relatives. At present, the set of exhibition documents is fund M-7 "Documents of the Exhibition of the Central Committee of the Komsomol" Lenin-Stalin Komsomol "(1942-1953)" RGASPI. Separate materials of the exhibition are also included in fund N M-14 "Museum materials on the history of the youth movement in the USSR and Russia".

Published documents are stored in the fund M-7 RGASPI and reproduced with the preservation of spelling, punctuation and stylistic features of the texts.

The publication was prepared by Natalia Volkhonskaya, chief specialist of the department of scientific and information work and the scientific reference apparatus of the RGASPI.

Document No. 1.

Letter and cartoons by Oleg Tikhonov sent to the editorial office of the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper

Dear editor!

I send you two of my cartoons, and ask you to write what is wrong in them (in the text). I live next to S. Sofronov, who sent you the cartoons. He is my friend. Before that, I lived in Moscow and was with you at the editorial office of Pionerskaya Pravda, I don’t remember what year, but I only remember that I was there when the play Gorky’s Childhood was being read. There were guys from the class in which I studied, namely: Yulia Rogova, Lenya Novobytov, Galya Osokina and me.

I would love to stay in Moscow, but circumstances developed in such a way that I had to go with my dad to the city of Kirov, where I am now.

I am 16 years old, I live on Karl Marx Street, house 8 sq. 9. Oleg Tikhonov. I'll send another cartoon soon.

With regards - Oleg.

RGASPI. F. M-7. Op. 1. D. 3545. L. 1-3.

Document no. 2.

Letter from Valya Razbezhkina to an artillery soldier with congratulations on the 25th anniversary of the Red Army, sent to the editors of the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper

[February 1943]

Dear fighter!

I congratulate you on the 25th anniversary of the Red Army and wish you to defeat these reptiles as soon as possible and so that no ashes remain of them. I wish you to shoot down more Nazi planes and destroy all the tanks that are moving towards us to our beloved homeland with the fire of your cannons. Gram and grim the German invaders. I am a student of energy school No. 9. I ask you to defeat the enemy as soon as possible and come to our school. I firmly shake hands and wish you a speedy victory. From Razbezhkina Valya.

Dear fighter

I congratulate you on the 25th anniversary of the Red Army. To the best gunner in your unit, please accept my modest gift.

Ufa, st. Volodarsky N 2

RUE N 9 1 [account] 30 groups

Razbezhkina Vali.

RGASPI. F. M-7. Op. 1. D. 3545. L. 7-7v.

1. "Defence Fund" - a special fund that received voluntary donations from citizens and organizations of the USSR for the needs of the front during the Great Patriotic War. Materials on donations by Soviet and foreign citizens and institutions to the USSR Defense Fund (1942-1946) are stored in the RGASPI (F. 628).
2. RGASPI. F. M-1. Op. 18. D. 1558. Personal file of Ezersky Isaac-Alexander Moiseevich. L. 14.
3. MYUD - International Youth Day - international holiday of youth (1915-1945). Established by the decision of the Berne International Socialist Youth Conference in 1915 in order to mobilize young people to fight for peace. In 1916-1931. was celebrated on the first Sunday of September, and since 1932 - on September 1.

Step-by-step instructions for practical drawing of tanks, planes and helicopters in the process of mastering the art of black and white and halftone graphics.

We suggest you learn how to draw domestic, mainly Russian, samples of military equipment in their modern form in a phased method.

Remember! Any mistake made at the very beginning of the drawing process can hopelessly ruin the final result. At first, you may find it difficult to draw curvilinear contours (round, egg-shaped or similar to a sausage) or even stick a pencil across the paper to the intended point. Do not despair! Stay enthusiastic, keep drawing with perseverance and patience. The more practice, the higher the skill. If you wish, you can use a compass - professional artists do not consider it shameful for themselves.

Items needed for work: a blank white sheet of paper good quality, a pencil with a lead of medium hardness or soft, an eraser. Compasses, ink, feather, brush, ballpoint pen, felt-tip pen - optional.

Choose a sample of military equipment that you want to draw. With light touches of the pencil, without pressure, very carefully and carefully draw on the paper the strokes that make up the initial (first) "step" - usually it is located in the upper left corner on the pattern you have chosen. Then take the second "step" - also without pressure and just as carefully. Follow not only the direction and curvature of the lines, but also the distance between them, that is, their relative position. The size of the drawing should match the size of your sheet of paper - neither too small nor too large. The first "steps" seem to be the least difficult, but they must be carried out with particular precision, because any mistake made at the beginning of the process can ruin the final result.

It is also very useful to look at the reflection of your work in the mirror from time to time - it can reveal distortions that you would otherwise not be able to notice.

The new lines for each "step" are shown in bolder in the diagram to make it easier for you to recognize what exactly should be added to your drawing at the next step. Continue working as before with light, thin strokes. If some line turned out to be too thick or dark - lighten it with an eraser: draw it along the line without much pressure, without trying to erase it completely.

And a few more tips. Remember that for all the apparent complexity of some objects, they can always be reduced to simple geometric shapes: a ball, a cone, a pyramid, a cube, a parallelepiped, a cylinder.

Try to draw the technique not from the front, but from more advantageous angles, taking into account the perspective, so that they do not look flat, but voluminous.

You can also "cheat" a little when depicting complex details: in order not to be distracted from the integrity of the image and not to waste too much time, you can draw them approximately, as a complex of expressive strokes, dots, underlines, wavy lines.

Well, of course, say, ships do not exist on their own, but, as a rule, organically fit into the surrounding landscape. Therefore, the elements of the landscape - the sea, the river, the rocks, even if only slightly outlined - will greatly enliven and enrich the drawing.

When you have finished applying light strokes, that is, having completed the entire eight "steps" shown in the selected diagram, and making sure that all the elements of your drawing correspond to the desired image, outline them with confident pencil movements with the necessary pressure. After this final finishing, the drawing can be considered ready. If desired, you can increase the contrast of the lines using ink (using a thin brush or steel feather), a ballpoint pen, or a felt-tip pen. When the ink, paste, or ink is dry, use an eraser to remove any unnecessary pencil marks.

Remember: if the first attempts to draw do not lead to the desired result - keep trying. It is very important not to lose perseverance, patience, enthusiasm. In the end, your efforts will be crowned with complete success - at that moment you may not immediately believe yourself, but you will still be pleasantly surprised by what you have achieved.

We sincerely hope that your drawing skills will improve and the long time spent on recreating the images of all these formidable and in their own way beautiful examples of technology will not be wasted.

Step by step instructions for practical drawing of tanks, planes and helicopters.

Items needed for work: a clean white sheet of good quality paper, a pencil with medium hard or soft lead, an eraser. Compasses, ink, feather, brush, ballpoint pen, felt-tip pen - optional.

Choose a sample of military equipment that you want to draw.
With light touches of the pencil, without pressure, very carefully and carefully apply the strokes on the paper that make up the initial (first) “step” - usually it is located in the upper left corner on the pattern you have chosen.
Then take the second "step" - also without pressure and just as carefully. Follow not only the direction and curvature of the lines, but also the distance between them, that is, their relative position. The size of the drawing should match the size of your sheet of paper - not too small and not too large. The first "steps" seem to be the least difficult, but they must be carried out with particular precision, because any mistake made at the beginning of the process can ruin the final result.

The new lines for each “step” are shown in bolder in the diagram so that it is easier for you to recognize what exactly should be added to your drawing at the next step.
Continue working as before with light, thin strokes. If some line turned out to be too thick or dark, lighten it with an eraser: draw it along the line without much pressure, without trying to erase it completely.

And a few more tips.
Remember that for all the apparent complexity of some objects, they can always be reduced to simple geometric shapes: a ball, a cone, a pyramid, a cube, a parallelepiped, a cylinder.

Well, of course, say, ships do not exist on their own, but, as a rule, organically fit into the surrounding landscape. Therefore, the elements of the landscape - the sea, the river, the rocks, even if only slightly outlined - will greatly enliven and enrich the drawing.

When you have finished applying light strokes, that is, having completed the entire eight “steps” shown in the selected diagram, and making sure that all the elements of your drawing correspond to the desired image, outline them with confident pencil movements with the necessary pressure. After this final finishing, the drawing can be considered ready. If desired, you can increase the contrast of the lines using ink (using a thin brush or steel feather), a ballpoint pen, or a felt-tip pen. When the ink, paste, or ink is dry, use an eraser to remove any unnecessary pencil marks.

Remember: if the first attempts to draw do not lead to the desired result, keep trying. It is very important not to lose perseverance, patience, enthusiasm. In the end, your efforts will be crowned with complete success - at that moment you may not immediately believe yourself, but you will still be pleasantly surprised by what you have achieved.

We sincerely hope that your drawing skills will improve and the long time spent on recreating the images of all these formidable and in their own way beautiful examples of technology will not be wasted.

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