Among the books about the war, the works of Boris Vasiliev occupy a special place. There are several reasons for this: firstly, he can simply, clearly and concisely, literally in a couple of sentences, draw three-dimensional picture war and man in war. Probably, no one has ever written about the war so severely, precisely and piercingly clear as Vasiliev.

Secondly, Vasiliev knew firsthand what he was writing about: his young years fell on the time of the Great Patriotic War, which he went through to the end, miraculously surviving.

Novel “Not on the Lists” summary which can be conveyed in several sentences, is read in one breath. What is he talking about? About the beginning of the war, about the heroic and tragic defense of the Brest Fortress, which, even dying, did not surrender to the enemy - it simply bled to death, according to one of the heroes of the novel.

And this novel is also about freedom, about duty, about love and hatred, about devotion and betrayal, in a word, about what our life consists of. usual life. Only in war do all these concepts become larger and more voluminous, and a person, his whole soul can be seen, as if through a magnifying glass ...

The main characters are Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, his colleagues Salnikov and Denishchik, as well as a young girl, almost a girl Mirra, who, by the will of fate, became Kolya Pluzhnikov's only lover.

The author assigns the central place to Nikolai Pluzhnikov. A college graduate who has just received the epaulettes of a lieutenant arrives at the Brest Fortress before the first dawn of the war, a few hours before the volleys of guns that crossed out the former peaceful life forever.

The image of the main character
At the beginning of the novel, the author calls the young man simply by his first name - Kolya - emphasizing his youth and inexperience. Kolya himself asked the leadership of the school to send him to the combat unit, to a special section - he wanted to become a real fighter, "smell the gunpowder." Only in this way, he believed, can one acquire the right to command others, to instruct and educate the youth.

Kolya was heading to the fortress authorities to file a report about himself when the shots rang out. So he took the first fight, not getting into the list of defenders. Well, and then there was no time for lists - there was no one and there was no time to compile and verify them.

It was hard for Nicholas to be baptized by fire: at some point he could not stand it, left the church, which he was supposed to keep, not surrendering to the Nazis, and instinctively tried to save himself, his life. But he overcomes the horror, so natural in this situation, and again goes to the rescue of his comrades. The incessant battle, the need to fight to the death, think and make decisions not only for yourself, but also for those who are weaker - all this gradually changes the lieutenant. After a couple of months of mortal battles, we are no longer Kolya, but a battle-hardened lieutenant Pluzhnikov - a tough, determined person. For every month in the Brest Fortress, he lived like a dozen years.

And yet youth still lived in him, still breaking through with a stubborn faith in the future, that ours would come, that help was near. This hope did not fade away with the loss of two friends found in the fortress - the cheerful, resilient Salnikov and the stern border guard Volodya Denishchik.

They were with Pluzhnikov from the first fight. Salnikov from a funny boy turned into a man, into such a friend who will save at any cost, even at the cost of his life. Denishchik took care of Pluzhnikov until he himself was mortally wounded.

Both died saving Pluzhnikov's life.

Among the main characters, it is necessary to name one more person - a quiet, modest, inconspicuous girl Mirra. The war found her 16 years old.

Mirra was crippled since childhood: she wore a prosthesis. The limp forced her to come to terms with the sentence never to have a family of her own, but always to be a help to others, to live for others. In the fortress, she worked part-time in peacetime, helping to cook.

The war cut her off from all her loved ones, walled her up in a dungeon. The whole being of this young girl was permeated by a strong need for love. She did not yet know anything about life, and life played such a cruel joke with her. This is how Mirra perceived the war until the fates of her and Lieutenant Pluzhnikov crossed. Something happened that inevitably had to happen when two young creatures met - love broke out. And for the short happiness of love, Mirra paid with her life: she died under the blows of the butts of the camp guards. Her last thoughts were thoughts only about her beloved, about how to save him from the terrible spectacle of a monstrous murder - her and the child she already carried in her womb. Mirra succeeded. And this was her personal human feat.

The main idea of ​​the book

At first glance, it seems that the main desire of the author was to show the reader the feat of the defenders of the Brest Fortress, to reveal the details of the battles, to tell about the courage of people who fought for several months without help, practically without water and food, without medical assistance. They fought, at first stubbornly hoping that our people would come, accept the battle, and then without this hope, they simply fought because they could not, did not consider themselves entitled to give the fortress to the enemy.

But, if you read “Not on the Lists” more thoughtfully, you understand: this book is about a person. It is about the fact that the possibilities of a person are endless. A person cannot be defeated until he himself wants it. He can be tortured, starved to death, deprived of physical strength, even killed - but he cannot be defeated.

Lieutenant Pluzhnikov was not included in the lists of those who served in the fortress. But he himself gave himself the order to fight, without anyone's command from above. He did not leave - he stayed where his own inner voice ordered him to stay.

No forces will destroy the spiritual power of one who has faith in victory and faith in himself.

It is easy to remember the summary of the novel “Not on the Lists”, but without carefully reading the book, it is impossible to assimilate the idea that the author wanted to convey to us.

The action covers 10 months - the first 10 months of the war. That is how long the endless battle continued for Lieutenant Pluzhnikov. He found and lost friends and beloved in this battle. He lost and found himself - in the very first battle, the young man, out of fatigue, horror and confusion, threw the building of the church, which he should have kept until the last. But the words of the senior fighter breathed courage into him, and he returned to his combat post. In the soul of a 19-year-old boy, in a matter of hours, a core matured that remained his support until the very end.

Officers and soldiers continued to fight. Half-dead, with their backs and heads shot through, their legs torn off, half-blind, they fought, slowly leaving one by one into oblivion.

Of course, there were also those in whom the natural instinct for survival turned out to be stronger than the voice of conscience, a sense of responsibility for others. They just wanted to live and nothing else. The war quickly turned such people into weak-willed slaves, ready to do anything just for the opportunity to exist for at least another day. Such was the former musician Ruvim Svitsky. " ex man”, as Vasilyev writes about him, once in the ghetto for Jews, he resigned himself to his fate immediately and irrevocably: he walked with his head bowed low, obeyed any orders, did not dare to raise his eyes to his tormentors - to those who turned him into a subhuman, nothing unwilling and hopeless.

From other weak-minded people, the war molded traitors. Sergeant Fedorchuk voluntarily surrendered. A healthy, full of strength man who could fight, decided to survive at any cost. This opportunity was taken away from him by Pluzhnikov, who destroyed the traitor with a shot in the back. War has its own laws: there is a value here greater than the value human life. That value: victory. They died and killed for her without hesitation.

Pluzhnikov continued to make sorties, undermining the enemy's forces, until he was left completely alone in a dilapidated fortress. But even then, until the last bullet, he fought an unequal battle against the Nazis. Finally, they discovered the shelter where he had been hiding for many months.

The end of the novel is tragic - it simply could not be otherwise. An almost blind, skeleton-thin man with black frostbitten feet and shoulder-length gray hair is led out of the shelter. This man has no age, and no one would believe that according to his passport he is only 20 years old. He left the shelter voluntarily and only after the news that Moscow had not been taken.

A man stands among the enemies, looking at the sun with blind eyes from which tears flow. And - an unthinkable thing - the Nazis give him the highest military honors: everyone, including the general. But he doesn't care anymore. He became higher than people, higher than life, higher than death itself. He seemed to have reached the limit of human possibilities - and realized that they are limitless.

“I didn’t appear on the lists” - to the modern generation

The novel “Not on the Lists” should be read by all of us who are living today. We did not know the horrors of war, our childhood was cloudless, our youth was calm and happy. A real explosion in the soul modern man accustomed to comfort, confidence in the future, security, this book evokes.

But the core of the work is still not a story about the war. Vasiliev invites the reader to look at himself from the outside, to probe all the secrets of his soul: could I do the same? Is there any inner strength in me - the same as those defenders of the fortress who have just come out of childhood? Am I worthy to be called Human?

Let these questions forever remain rhetorical. May fate never put us in front of such a terrible choice as that great, courageous generation faced. But let's always remember them. They died so that we might live. But they died undefeated.

The story “He was not on the lists” is an excited and pathetic story about the feat of one of the defenders of the Brest Fortress. A lot has been written about the heroes of Brest, and, of course, the talented documentary book S. S. Smirnova. Vasiliev's story also has a documentary basis: in the epilogue, the writer told what real Brest impressions the idea of ​​the book arose from. But real impressions are only the foundation of the story.
The reality here is closely intertwined with the folk legend about the hero, whose name is Nikolai and military rank - lieutenant, but his surname remained unknown.
The work was created in a different stylistic vein than the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...”, which is quite understandable and natural, since its hero is a legendary person, the last defender of the fortress that never bowed its head. The death of heroes is the apotheosis of freedom and immortality. The pathetic finale is a wreath to the courageous son of the unconquered Motherland, a story elevated to the level of a legend.
Boris Vasiliev usually prefers situations that are extreme, unusual, on the verge of life and death, peace and war, dynamic and complicated plots, sharp psychological portraits. Preparation for action, introduction or exposure are short. No exception and the story "The lists did not appear." The past of Lieutenant Pluzhnikov is said sparingly and not without a slight irony. Nikolai Pluzhnikov is very young, and his emotions and dreams, respectively, are very young, how young and therefore naive, clear, cloudless attitude to life.
The war in an instant weathered both the former moods and the completely understandable, natural vanity of the young commander of the Red Army. Nikolai very soon had to learn that he was still a bad commander, and his first actions in the war were quite rightly regarded as a crime for which execution was due.
The time has come for a merciless judgment of oneself. The young lieutenant Pluzhnikov “died” on the very first day of the war, immediately becoming a man without age, whose youth burned down without a trace in a terrible and ruthlessly destroying illusions fire. Pluzhnikov, having already paid the war bill in full, indifferently turns away from his new commander's overcoat, as from a dead past. “He sat on the floor, not moving, stubbornly thinking that he had done the worst thing - betrayed his comrades. He did not look for excuses, did not feel sorry for himself - he sought to understand why this happened. No, I didn't chicken out just now, he thought. - I chickened out in yesterday's attack. After it, I lost myself, lost control of my hands. I thought about what I would say. Not about how I will fight, but what I will tell ... "
Nikolai Pluzhnikov became a fighter of the invisible army of the night avengers of Brest, elusive and, it seemed, charmed from death. “Wounded, scorched, exhausted by thirst and battles, skeletons in rags rose from under the bricks, crawled out of the cellars and, in bayonet attacks, destroyed those who risked staying for the night. And the Germans were afraid of the night."
The heroes of Brest "died without shame", bringing closer the still distant day of victory in the terrible first months of the war. They knew they were doomed, but they continued to fight, defying death. They died undefeated. “A man cannot be defeated if he does not want to. You can kill, but you can’t win,” says Pluzhnikov. These words are not a beautiful phrase, not a pathetic declamation, but the heroic formula of the Brest epic, and also a prophetic foresight by Lieutenant Pluzhnikov of his own fate. “He fell on his back, his arms outstretched wide, his unseeing, wide-open eyes exposed to the sun. Fell free and after life, trampling death by death.
The political instructor, the paramedic, the foreman, who bequeathed to Pluzhnikov before his death the banner of the regiment, are links of a single, strong and eternal chain. On the first day of the war, Nikolai shouted in despair: “Let me go! I must join the regiment! To the regiment! I'm not on the list yet! Pluzhnikov was not destined to find his regiment and be enrolled in the lists. IN April days 1942, after ten months of incredible trials, great losses and victories, he no longer thinks about lists or personal glory. He does not regret that his name will be lost in the endless list of nameless heroes, unknown soldiers. “He no longer felt his “I”, he felt something more - his personality ... And he calmly realized that it would never matter to anyone what this personality was called, where and how she lived, whom she loved and how she died. One thing was important - the important thing was that the link connecting the past and the future into a single chain of time was strong.
Lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov had a higher, feat given the right to think so. But he was mistaken in one thing - the descendants are not at all indifferent to how they lived and how they died. heroic defenders Motherland.
The last months of Nikolai Pluzhnikov's life are the everyday feat of a man who continues to fight, in spite of everything, alone. The work “He was not on the lists ...” is a heroic epic, symbolizing the great moral victory of the Soviet soldier.

"JUST WAS CHOICE I OR RODINA"

( Novel Lesson B. Vasilyeva “Not in the lists was listed")

concept of a person like she utreaffirmed by Soviet literature, withthe most persuasive disclosurefound in works about the GreatPatriotic war. in collisiontwo ideologies, two different temperamentsfoundations and systems won theour system, our morality, osgrounded in humanity and consciousdeepest responsibilitylove not only for himself, but also forthe fate of others.

Affirming the greatness and strength of the spirit, byshowing unlimited possibilitiespeople, literature not only elevatesno Soviet man, but also protectingno man at all, claiming gumnistic direction in developmentworld culture.

Works about the Great Fatherlandmilitary war, telling about the militaryevents thirty years agoaddressed to our day, to thosevein-philosophical problems, whichry have to decide and olderclassmates. To the younger generation, stand uppouring into life, you need to determinetheir attitude towards genuine and imaginaryour values, and literature to helpcan start this serious spiritualwork already on the school bench.

Roman B. Vasilyeva “Not in the listswas "interesting in that it encouragesallows you to think about questionswho seek to answer themselvessmoke: how did the appearance of the generationSoviet people who defeated fascism? Where did they get from the young guys who came from all over the country tofiring lines, those internalresistance forces thatwhether and inspire respect for all honorsnyh people on earth?

Happy young man, justpromoted to the rank of lieutenant along withother military graduatesLischa, Nikolai Pluzhnikov arrived byappointment to the Brest Fortress inthe night that separated the world from the howlus. He did not have time to register, but ondawn began a battle that lastedfor Pluzhnikov continuously morenine months. Talking about shortwhat life lieutenant, whothe moment of death was just pasttwenty years, the writer showshow a young man becomes a hero, and allhis behavior in the fortress is a feat.

The author introduces us to the world of a husbandsouls. Pluzhnikov's character developmentas if driven by events accelerating the process of its formationpersonality. The author only indicateshee growing up hero. And we see howa sense of duty becomes the driving forceby the power of his actions: do not think about itbe, while the Fatherland is in danger.

Pluzhnikov could still leave the fortresssti with your girlfriend. "And that would be neither desertion nor treasonnoah order: he was not listed in anylists, he was a free mancentury, but it is precisely this freedom thatput it on its ownmother is the decision that was most expedient from a military point of viewvision." He understood freedom of choicelike the need to fight to the endtsa, as the fulfillment of duty.

Feeling of unity with other defenders of the fortress, with all the peopledeepens in the mind of Pluzhnikov,when he reflects on the death of Vladimir Denishchik, who saved him, andaccepts that he survived onlybecause someone died for him,and when in the dungeon of the fortress we meetteas foreman Semishny.

To the question of Pluzhnikov, who is he,Semishny replies: “I thought who I amnow there is what to be called if ittsy will find, but I won’t have time to shoot myself. And I thought so to say: Russian soldierI. Russian soldier my title, Russiansoldier is my last name. Semishny, osface to face with death,feels himself a part of the fighting people, and hence the strength of his spirit, escapedden in the victorious outcome of the struggle."Do you think we're the only onesbeautiful? .. No, brother, I do not believe inthis is ... How many miles to Moscow, you knoweat? Thousand. And at every verst the same as you and I lie. Notbetter and not worse."

Finding yourI comes toPluzhnikov as self-awarenessby the motherland, the people: “He is no longerfelt his "I", he felt somethingmore: your personality, your personalness, which has become a link between the pastlym and the future of his homeland, a particlewhich warmed his chest with noblebanner silk. And calmly consciousshaft that no one will ever beit is important what the name of this person wasness, where and how she lived, whom you lovela and how she died. It was importantbut: it was important that the link, connectionsmerges past and future into onechain of time, has been durable. and tverI knew that this link was strong andforever."

He went upstairs becausethere were no more cartridges, becauselearned: Moscow is ours and the Germans smashyou are near Moscow. "Now I can goty. Now I must go out and look them in the eyes for the last time."He went out to the enemies with the consciousness of youfull of duty: "The fortress did not fall:she just bled out. I - byher last drop ... "

Author's speech in the last partthe novel is full of tragic pathossa. “At the entrance to the basement stood an unbelievablebut thin, no longer agedHuman. He was without a hat, longgray hair touched his shoulders ... heyal, strictly straightened, highthrowing up his head, and not looking uproared in the sun with blinded eyes.

At the request of the German generalgive the title and surname of PluzniKov answered: "I am a Russian soldier."He never named himself. "Unknownsuddenly turned his head slowly,and the general rested his unblinkingsight. And the thick beard will tremble a littlela in a strange triumphantlaugh: - What, General, now youknow how many steps in Russian verste? Those were his last words."

The shocked German lieutenant gave the command, and the soldiers threw upweapons "on guard", general, "slightlyhesitated, raised his hand to his cap."And he, swaying, slowly walked throughline of enemies who gave him nowthe highest military honors. But he doesn'tsaw these honors, and if youcase, he wouldn't care. Hewas above all conceivable honors,above fame, above life and aboveof death".

In the last part of the novel, Pluzhnikov is perceived as an image-symbolthose known and unknown soldiers,who fought to the end and died without counting on glory, but whoforever remained in people's heartsas the embodiment of the strength of the spirit thatearned respect even from enemies.

The story of Pluzhnikov appeared innovel as the story of a courageouscharacter that has developed in the newsocialist conditions. pluzhnikov - one of those Soviet soldiers,who, being “beyond the line of mercy”, did not surrender the Brest Fortress,showing stamina, greatness of spirit andfidelity to duty, understanding it as an obligationthe duty to defend the Fatherland to the end.

The Germans captured huge terrytorii, approached Moscow, calculatedgo for a quick victory, and at that time she lived in their rear, bled, butthe fortress did not surrender, although in itthere was only one person left. Wassomething to think about for those who capturedhalf of Europe and nothing like it beforehave not met yet.

Roman B. Vasilyeva, as we see, yesThere is an opportunity to ask students questions that will make them think about themselves in the context of the story.people, their spiritual life, as well asabout his place and purpose in modernchanges.

The lesson was calledwhich from the poem "Requiem" R. ChristmasViennese: “Everyone just had a choicedogo: me or Motherland.

The lesson was preceded by a longpreparation: students readnovel, prepared an exhibition of books about the Great Patriotic War “This is not necessary for the dead! It needs to be alive!”Collected photographic materials for the wallsdov "Brest Fortress" and "We are forThe homeland fell, but it is saved. Na uroke the documentary film "Fortress-Hero" was shown, soundingla song by B. Okudzhava from the film"Belorussky railway station", read otrywok from R. Rozhdestvensky's poem"Requiem" performed by the author, soundthe song of V. Vysotsky “Brotherlygraves." The lesson endedsewing the song "For that guy" (muthe language of M. Fradkin) to the words of R. Rozhchildish (“I am today until dawnI will get up...") and looking at the engravingsS. Krasauskas from the album "Foreveralive."

Two weeks before class, studentsquestions were asked:

What is historical background novel?

Which pages have produced the most for youstrong impression?

What gives Pluzhnikov the strength to endure alltorture?

As B. Vasiliev shows the maturation of the soulhero? What is the relation to Nikolay PluzhnyKovu have the tragic fate of Denishchik Sebear and other defenders of the fortress?

Why can we say that the defense of Brestthe fortress was a harbinger of victory?

Get ready to expressively read final of the novel.

As the immortality of the hero is stated in the datehis death on April 12?

Why was the novel first published inYouth magazine?

Written on the boardlesson topic andtwo epigraphs to it:

We were not taught how to throw ourselves under a tank,

And how to close the enemy's embrasure with the chest,

And rush at the enemy with a living ram ...

But we were taughtLove your homeland!

P. Bogdanov

But even the dead we will live

In a particle of your great happiness,

After all, we put our lives into it.

Y. Fuchik

The lesson begins with listeningsongs from the movie "Belarusian Station":

Birds don't sing here

Trees don't grow...

And only we shoulder to shoulder

Grow into the ground here...

( to the words: And we need one victory,

One for all, we are behind the price

don't stop...)

After introductory remarks teachabout the unparalleled heroism of the Sovietpeople, their patriotism and courage,about known and unknown exploitson all fronts and in the rear, of whichthere was a great victory, soobthe topic of the lesson is given.The conversation is preceded by a smalltoric report preparedstudents based on the book by S. Smirnov"Brest Fortress", about the heroicdefense of the fortress, and a brief messageteacher's opinion that in NicholasPluzhnikov, the author summarized the featuresmany of her defenders: LieutenantAndrei Kizhevaty, head of the ninth frontier post, the first to receivebattle with the Nazis, regimental commissarRa Efim Fomin, Komsomol organizer Samvel Matevosyan, unknown soldier,with the weakening hand of the one who wrote on the wallnot the words of the oath: “We will die, but from the Crefast we won’t leave, ”lieutenant, exclaimedwho defended the station, surname kowhom remained unknown, and only the name of the protector was named on the obelisk.ka - Nikolai.

A documentary is shownfilm "Fortress Hero"

On the screen are the bricks of the fortress, opfired by flamethrowers; Terespoland Kholmskie gate; the faces of those who wrote with their blood and life the firstvictorious lines in the annals of the GreatPatriotic War. Song by V. Vysotsky "Common graves" accompanied bygives frames.

Question: "Which pages are producedAre you the strongest impressionnie?” - makes it possible to highlight the main episodes of the narrative and mustachesequencing them. teachingthose who are naming scenes that do not ascendcan be read without spiritual trepidation: the injury and death of Denischik, salvationSalnikov Pluzhnikov from captivity,Nikolay's meeting with Semishny, ficash These episodes are collectively discussedare given. pre-prepared studyNick reads the end of the novel from the words:“There, in the basement, a Russian fanatic is sitting ...” - and ending with the words: “I fellfree and after life, deathcorrect death." well readpassage defines emotionalset the whole lesson.

The first part of the novel convinces rebyat: Lieutenant Pluzhnikov is not a herofrom birth. The son of the deceased in the gripke with basmachi commissar Pluzhnikovva, who considered himself a modelnerala school participating inSpanish events, Nicholas, moreas a cadet, he developed a sense ofduty and personal responsibilityfor the present and future of the Motherland -qualities without which the feat would not have taken place.

Meeting the war unfiredyoung man, he was forced to gesticulatemost conditions to take selfsolutions that are otherwisetime would be taken for him by adultsbad people are commanders. Pupils prowatched what was added to the spiritualmu experience of Pluzhnikov, when he is notthe familiar surroundings of the fortress looked for an ammunition depot; when I realized thatviolated his duty by leaving the club underthe onslaught of the Germans, and decided to take itback; when I received the order to leaveto go and did not leave the fortress.

The students realized that the decisiondefend your honor in the fortress andthe honor of the Motherland is dictated by a sense of duty brought up by our actionthe vehemence that inspired Nikobarking an idea of ​​the true pricesthe nuances of life. Pluzhnikov remainsfaithful to the end times chosen withknowing the type of behavior.

In devoted, filial lovePluzhnikov to the Motherland, multipliedto a burning hatred for the Nazis,who attacked her, the disciples seeorigins of his heroism. They make surethat the soldier's feelings were not hardened onwar that he remained a Man andthat real humanism in the fight againstevil must be active. "KolyaPluzhnikov killed, like SeryozhaBruzjak to bring the memory closer,when there will be no killing on earth,they say.

It is important that students understandstanding hero, see what's in timefights, fear overcomes him more than once. Theyagree with the statementvictims of the Patriotic War poetessYulia Drunina: “Who says that onwar is not scary, he knows nothingabout the war", come to the idea: heroismnot that a person does not experiencefear, but in the ability to overcome it.

The teacher stopsclass on the question: “Why did the authortalks in such detail abouthero's military life? Students will understand what the construction of a novel iscan understand spiritual world not onlyto Pluzhnikov, but also to all Sovietpeople who stood up so unanimouslydefense of the Motherland. An excerpt from an article by critic V. Chalmaev, which is quotedno words of Air Marshal A. Novikowa, convinces eighth graders of the rightthe vigor of their judgments. Thisfragment: “It is known that, when planning an attack on the Soviet country, Hitler’s strategists calculated everything,justifying the victory. But already the firstthe days of the war revealed the wretchedness of mechanical ideas about Soviet peopledays, and especially about our youth.Fascist theorists did not take into account the mostessential, immaterial, moralvalues ​​inherent in the Soviet peopledu and youth. Younger generationsoldier 1941-1945 - flesh fromthe flesh of the native people. And it is hismoral strength, his ideals were most revealed in laborthe most important duels of the Patriotic Warwe covered, as Mar admittedaviation shal A. Novikov, “those gapswhich were formed then (in 1941year) in our defense capability.Soviet patriotism turned out to bea thick force that multiplied the power beforesupposed divisions".

Answering the question, what gives the herostrength to endure all trials, schoolchildrenki note how uplifting andit turns out to be saving for Pluzhnikov’s awareness of his need for others, a sense of unity with the people, a feeling of being a part of the Red Army, a defender of the most precious thing thathave person - Motherland. "torn offaway from everyone, he felteveryone, that's the most important thing. Thisexplain nyatsya all his behavior. After all, KolyaI just,Pluzhnikov behavesas ifhundreds of eyes watching him. Thisfrom a sense of responsibility," he says.

student.

Question: Why can you saythat the defense of the Brest Fortress would,a harbinger of victory? - not callingno difficulty. About readinesspeople fight until the endthere is a story about the deceasedgente, who remained in the church, whenothers retreated under the pressure of the enemybarracks; the refusal of the paramedic will leave the fortress by order, because in itwere wounded; the feat of foreman Stepan Matveyevich, who blew upa bunch of grenades himself and the Germans; verthe presence of the Semishny banner of honor,inhuman perseverance; finallythe struggle of Pluzhnikov, who remained infortress its last defender,his desire to live, to meet histhem, to report that the fortress has not been surrendered ...and together with the Red Army go farfurther west to Germany. Defensefortress showed that in the Sovietthe people hide such reserves of perseverance, determination to defend themselves to the end, ohwhom the Germans did not suspect andwhich ultimately determinedoutcome of the war.

Of great interest was the question: “How is the immortality of the heroin the date of his death - April 12?“It was on April 12, 1942, when the tenth month of the war was already underway,V onenome from the caponiers of the fortress resoundedhoarse but triumphant laughterconquered. It was Nicholas saluting Moscow, having learned that they could not take itenemies. And on the same day he leftblind, exhausted, gray-haired, tosay goodbye to the sun. "Fortress is notfell: she just bled out," andPluzhnikov was her last straw.And who knows if mankind couldthen celebrate April 12 - Daycosmonautics, if thousands of Pluzhnikovs had not died that day for theircountry in the Great Patriotic Warno," is the student's response.

Recording turns on"Requiem". R. Christmas chitaThere is an extract from the words: “Remember! WhatHappiness was won at a price ... "- to the words:.“To the twinkling stars leading the shipor - remember the dead!

Here are some answers toquestion: "Why was the novel printedTan in the magazine "Youth"?

“On the day of the death of Nicholas, performMoose is only 20 years old. He was young andNaturally, he told about hisyouth life jurcash.

"Kolya Pluzhnikov was an ordinaryyoung young man who became a hero in "notordinary time. His example formaybe thousands of young readersswear over how we grow inour "ordinary time".

. "You Can't Really Love RoDinah, not knowing her heroic pastgo. And to us, the generation of the 70s, through ourmagazine the author passes the baton to mugestures, the baton of the feat of the Komsomol members of the forties.

Listening lesson endsI eat songs to the words of R. Rozhdestvensky"For that guy." I lie to all studentstea typedtext of the poem ("Today II’ll get up at dawn ...”) and is offered at homerespond in writing to the questionat least the poem is consonant with their timesthinking about the novel by B. Vasiliev"Not on the list."

The assignment introduces students towith our poem, makes moretimes turn to read rumwell, think not only about the fate of Nikolai Pluzhnikov and many other young and middle-aged soldiers, do not believethose who died from the war, who gave their livesso that we live happily, butand about yourself, about the responsibility of the livingbefore the memory of the fallen. Teachershowed a great album"Forever Alive" with engravings by StasisKrasauskas and said that poetry andengravings will help them complete the tasknie.

The writings show thathow reasonable was the teacher's intention to bring the eighth gradekov outside of a specific productdeniya and give a new direction to themthoughts and emotions. Let's nothow many interesting, in our opinion,statements that indicatethat emotional mood uroka created by its content anddesign, elicited a lively response.

Why should people like Pluj not be forgotten?nicknames? Not only because they died forus, but also because even now they help us
understand what a real person should beage and how difficult it is to become one. And Pluzhnikov themwas. Even the Germans were amazed whendoi, blind, exhausted man sostood before them that they saluted him.There are, there are such actions of people, in front of whichpowerless the wildest barbarism: EvPatiy Kolovrat, Andrey Sokolov, now NiKolai Pluzhnikov...

I was struck by the words of the poet: “I am from a heavyI’m so hunched over, But it’s impossible to live otherwise,if everything calls me his voice, everything sounds in
me his song. This "gravity" is our conscienceand a sense of responsibility towards memorydead. Both Pluzhnikov and the hero of the poem
stayed there forever for us to live on"good" land, and they were only twentyyears. Is it possible to forget about it! I can'tgu listen to this song calmly and think thatothers too.

I've seen Krasauska's drawings beforesa, but only now I understand why on eachof them lies in the land of soldiers, or rather, I seeof this soldier before he was killed.His name could be Kolya Pluzhnikov. Everything, thatshows the artist in the cycle "Struggle", allthe hero of the novel survived: fierce resistance to enemies, the death of comrades, the pangs of hunger.Drawings make you think a lotpoems from the sections "Memory" and "Dreams". They seem to continue B. Vasilyev's novel...

Boris Vasiliev, before picking up a pen, went through the front-line "fires and waters" himself. And, of course, the war turned out to be one of the main themes of his work. The heroes of Vasiliev's works are, as a rule, faced with a choice - life or death. They take the fight, which for someone turns out to be the last.

The heroes of Vasiliev's stories make their own choice. They can't help but surrender, they can only die in battle! In his work, “I was not on the lists”, Boris Vasiliev reflected this topic Very good.

Without violating the realistic fabric of the story, the author leads us into the world of legend, where his heroes acquire the romantic pathos of struggle, discovering innumerable reserves of a revolutionary, patriotic spirit. This is the way and main character novel “Not on the lists”, just completed military school young lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov. He belongs to a wonderful generation, about which his peer, who died at the front, the poet Nikolai Mayorov said:

We were high

fair-haired

You read in books

like a myth

About the people who left

not liking

Didn't smoke the last one

cigarettes.

The namesake of the poet, our hero Nikolai Pluzhnikov, seems to me to be a young man of high stature, although, judging by how cleverly he managed to hide in the ruins of the fortress from the Germans pursuing him, he was of medium height or even shorter. But great moral qualities make him high.

After reading the work of Boris Vasiliev “I was not on the lists”, we can say that the main character Nikolai Pluzhnikov was brave, and not only. He was a true patriot of his country, he loved it. That is why he began to fight from the very first invasion of enemies, although he was not yet listed in any list. He could not take part in military operations at all, but his conscience would not allow him, he was grateful to his Motherland for everything, so he fought to the last and was still able to win. Coming out of the battle undefeated, withstood the fight, he collapsed by the ambulance and died.…

Nikolai Pluzhnikov treated the war with all its seriousness, he believed that his participation in the victory over the Nazis was simply necessary.

In the character of the protagonist there is a great truth of time, which the writer draws without modernization and willfulness, which, unfortunately, is not uncommon in other works. The author is well aware of the historical connection between the past and the present day, but is not inclined to substitute one for the other.

Behind the rusticity and childishness of judgments, behind the grandiloquence and rhetoric of the language, were hidden the beauty of moral feelings, a deep and holistic understanding of one's civil home, a conscious love for native land, determined to protect her to the last breath. It is the Man with a capital letter of this word that Nikolai Pluzhnikov emerges from the struggle, undefeated, unsurrendered, free, “trampling death by death”.

The Red Army was leaving to the east ... And here, in the ruins of the Brest Fortress, the battle raged without ceasing. Taken by surprise, half-dressed, deafened by bombs and shells, pressed into the wall, littered with rubble, driven back to the cellars to death stood the defenders of Brest. The last sip of water - machine guns! And now only one is alive - Pluzhnikov, the hero of B. Vasiliev's book “He was not on the lists”. Like a monument to a soldier, it grows out of a pile of stones to tell the Nazis the last, secret: “What, General, now you know how many steps there are in a Russian verst?”

Frightened by fear for themselves, the traitors shortened the miles to the enemies.

“I’m guilty… I’m the only one!” - Pluzhnikov exclaims when Christ's beloved aunt dies. No, he is not alone, but all of us, Soviets, are “guilty” of the fact that, while respecting a person, then, in 1941, we did not learn to hate him to the same extent if he is an enemy. In formidable trials, this harsh “science of hatred” will come to us.

B. Vasiliev depicts the war not only in external events - the roar of explosions, the rattling of machine guns ... In the internal experiences of the heroes - even more. Fragments of memories now and then flash in Pluzhnikov's mind, creating a contrast between yesterday and today, peace and war.

Not a victim - Pluzhnikov emerges from the ruins as a hero. And the German lieutenant, "clicking his heels, threw up his hand to the visor," and the soldiers "stretched out and froze." This is not Pluzhnikov. Is this how he came to the fortress a year ago? Clean, young, like Pushkin's Grinev from " captain's daughter". Now my mother doesn't even know. Gray hair, thin, blind, "no longer aged." But not this - not appearance important. "He was higher than glory, higher than life, and higher than death." What do these lines mean? How to understand this "above"? And the fact that Pluzhnikov is crying: “Tears were uncontrollably flowing from the intent, unblinking eyes?”

He would not have survived if he had not risen above himself - earthly, ordinary. Why is she crying? Not with internal monologues (there is simply no time to pronounce them), B. Vasiliev answered with psychological overtones. In Pluzhnikov “the young lieutenant Kolya is crying”, who wants to live, to see the sun, to love, who is sorry for the dead comrades. Right. You can be higher than life, higher than glory and death, but you cannot be higher than yourself.

Before leaving the fortress, Pluzhnikov learns that the Germans have been defeated near Moscow. These are tears of victory! Certainly. And the memory of those with whom Pluzhnikov defended the fortress and who are no longer there. These are the tears of a soldier who surrendered to the enemy because he bled to death.

He didn't give up, he left. By the way, why exactly at the moment when he learned that the Germans were defeated near Moscow? “Now I can go out. Now I have to get out,” he says. Pluzhnikov had no right to lay down his arms while the Nazis were moving east. Near Brest, he fought for Moscow.

“Heroism is not always born of courage, some kind of exceptional courage. More often - a severe necessity, a sense of duty, the voice of conscience. It is necessary - it means that it is necessary! - the logic of those for whom a feat is a duty fulfilled to the end.

Pluzhnikov is ordered to give his name and rank. “I am a Russian soldier,” he replied. Everything is here: both the surname and the title. Let him not appear in the lists. Does it really matter where and with whom he defended his homeland? The main thing is that he lived and died as her soldier, stopping the enemy at the Russian verst ...

Defender, Warrior, Soldier ... Weighty words in our literature, synonymous with a collective patriot.

Pluzhnikov experienced a feeling of detachment from himself, his proudly fearless “higher”, when he did not want to hide from a grenade smoking near his feet. Thinking about the fate of the Motherland, a person towered over his own, often tragic fate. Short and long at the same time. To choose your own verst and not step back a single step means to live versts of the Motherland! Its history, anxieties, worries... Let everyone become a soldier of his miles! Well, if without metaphors, - one's own work, sometimes imperceptible, but necessary, since it merges into the general work of the Motherland.

The story of the unknown defender of the Brest Fortress, who held out in its ruins, cellars and casemates for ten months, constantly inflicting damage on the enemy, acquired a convincing realistic fabric under the pen of Boris Vasiliev. Next to Pluzhnikov, at various stages of this drama, we see other commanders and political workers who, together with him, go from attack to attack ...

The number of survivors is gradually thinning, but they remain in Pluzhnikov's memory, as well as in ours .... A desperate brave man who more than once saved Pluzhnikov's life; the senior lieutenant, condemning him for cowardice; assigned to the unit Prizhnyuk ...

All of them were connected by jointly shed blood, a common patriotic feeling and soldierly courage. And they all taught Pluzhnikov. Not verbal instructions, but an example of one's own life and death.

The inner core of the novel is manifested in a sense of inflexibility, the inability to submit to a dull and dark force. People who find themselves alone with their conscience have endured a severe test. They were true to the orders they gave themselves.

The exploits of many heroes of the Patriotic War look truly mythical and you can write about them in the style of a legend. Nikolai Pluzhnikov does not belong to the number of heroes who do something supernatural, inaccessible to the understanding of an ordinary participant in the war. No, he is just a simple ordinary soldier, and his actions fit perfectly into our usual ideas about the courage and patriotic behavior of a Soviet person.

And, nevertheless, behind this everyday life and ordinariness lies a huge strength of mind, an unprecedented concentration of moral forces. The simplicity and modesty of the story about such a person as Pluzhnikov give the story about him great artistic power. This is the originality of the direction of modern prose about the war, to which Boris Vasiliev belongs. He is not alone in his desire to see the romance of the legend in the everyday, ordinary act of a fighter of the Patriotic War, revealing the hidden, imperceptible from the outside, forces of moral resistance to evil as a guarantee of moral victory over the enemy.

MOU "Belovskaya secondary school"

Prepared and conducted

teacher of Russian language

and literature

Trusova Nina Semyonovna

Sl. White

2016

Leading. In the extreme west of our country stands the Brest Fortress. They don’t speak loudly here: the days of 41 years were too deafening and these stones remember too much.

Soviet soldier in formidable Brest,

While the blood was pounding in the veins,

Stood as a symbol of our honor,

Marvel at the fearlessness of enemies.

In Brest, you will invariably be told about an unknown defender whom the Germans managed to capture in the tenth month of the war. On the tenth, in April 1942. This man fought for almost a year. A year of fighting in the unknown, without neighbors on the right and left, without orders and rear, without shifts and letters from home. Time did not convey either his name or rank, but we know that he was a Russian soldier.

Remember at what price happiness is won -

Please remember!

Sending your song in flight - remember

Tell your children about them

To remember too!

Tell the children of children

To remember them too!

N. Pluzhnikov is the main character of the story.

Presentation by the first student.

Before us in the first part of the story is a happy young man who has just received the rank of lieutenant. His father, Commissar Pluzhnikov, died in battles with the Basmachi. While still a cadet, Nikolai developed a sense of duty and personal responsibility for the present and future of the Motherland. He tried in everything to resemble the general of the school, a participant in the battles in Spain. When Nikolai is offered to remain at the school as a commander of a training platoon, he refuses, because he is convinced that every commander must first serve in the troops. He asks to be sent to any unit, to any position.

Nicholas arrived at the Brest Fortress late at night on June 21, 1941. He failed to register. At dawn, a battle began, which lasted for him more than 9 months. We see how his will matures. He met the war with unshooted youths. Literally in the first minutes, he has to make decisions on his own in the most severe conditions: he did not know the fortress, everything was on fire around him. Nikolai is not a hero from birth. He also has a sense of fear. He even violated the order of the political officer: he left the church with the fighters, recaptured from the Germans with such difficulty. Nikolai does not look for excuses, does not feel sorry for himself. “I chickened out in yesterday's attack. I must atone." And it's not just a phrase. With a group of fighters, he again occupied the church. He did not leave the fortress, although he had the right to do so: he was not on the list of the fortress' defenders.

Presentation by the second student.

Nikolai did not leave even when the order was received to go on a breakthrough. “He was a free man,” the author writes, “but it was this freedom that made him

independently make the decision that was most expedient from a military point of view. He understood freedom of choice as the need to fight to the end, as the fulfillment of duty. Duty drives his actions. He can't think of himself

when the homeland is in danger. He feels like a part of the Red Army that fought here.

Several times he was saved from death by fighting friends, and he feels responsible to them, the dead, and cannot leave the fortress, cannot betray mortals. With a burning hatred he hates the Pluzhnikov fascists and traitors. He kills Fedorchuk, who decided to surrender, but he does not have enough strength to kill a German, according to him, a worker, the father of three children. And he paid dearly for it. Pluzhnikov is deeply convinced that even one warrior can do a lot for victory.

"You can kill a person, but you can't win," he says.

“Do you think,” he says to Mirra, “that they defeated Stepan Matveyevich? Denischik? They just killed them, but did not defeat them.” Pluzhnikov is a true comrade. When Klimkov and Nebogatov offered him to break out of the fortress and leave Mirra (she cannot make her way with them because of her lameness), he angrily rejected their offer.

Klimkov and Nebogatov thought only of themselves, of saving their own lives. Not like Nikolai. He thinks first of all about others. The author touchingly narrates about the bright love of Nikolai and Mirra. They dream of a trip to Moscow. Mirra really wanted to see Red Square, to visit a real theater, and Nikolai wanted to see storks. But their bright dreams were not destined to come true. Mirra dies.

The strength of the defenders melted every day. Left alone after Mirra's departure and Semishny's death, Nikolai fights for as long as he can move, as long as there are bullets. On his last day, already blind, he killed two patrolmen. He went upstairs from the basement because he learned about the defeat of the Germans near Moscow.

"Now I can go out, now I have to go out and look them in the eyes one last time." He left because he honestly fulfilled his duty. The fortress didn't fall. She just bled out." "I am her last drop."

“At the entrance to the basement stood an incredibly thin, no longer aged man. He was hatless, with long gray hair touching his shoulders. He stood sternly upright, throwing his head high and not looking up, staring at the sun with blinded eyes.

To the demand of the German general to name the rank and surname, Pluzhnikov replied: "I am a Russian soldier." Even the Germans were amazed by the fortitude of the Soviet warrior. The German lieutenant gave the command, and the soldiers, clicking their heels, clearly raised their weapons to the "guard". And the general, after a little hesitation, raised his hand to his cap. A

he, swaying, walked through the ranks of enemies, who were now giving him the highest military honors. But he did not see these honors, and if he did, he would not care anymore. He was above all conceivable honors, above glory, above life and above death.

Excerpt from a book.

The student is reading.

There, in the basement, sits a Russian fanatic. Go downstairs and persuade him to voluntarily lay down his arms. If you stay with him, you will be burned with flamethrowers, if you go out without him, you will be shot. Give him a flashlight.

Stumbling and falling, Svitsky slowly sank into the darkness along the brick scree. The light gradually faded, but soon the scree ended: a corridor littered with bricks began. Svitsky lit a lantern, and immediately a dull voice was heard from the darkness.

Stop! I'm shooting!

Do not shoot! Svitsky shouted, “I am not a German. Please don't shoot! They sent me!

Light up your face.

Svitsky obediently turned the lantern on.

Go straight. Shine under your feet.

Do not shoot! Svitsky said pleadingly. “They sent to tell you to come out. They will set you on fire and shoot me if you refuse.

Turn off the lantern.

Svitsky felt for the button. The light turned off. Thick darkness surrounded him on all sides.

Who is this?

Who am I? - I am Jewish.

Translator?

What's the difference, - Svitsky sighed heavily. - It doesn't matter who I am. I forgot that I was a Jew, but they reminded me of it. I'm just a Jew and nothing more. And they will burn you with fire, and they will shoot me.

A lot of them.

I still don't have any ammo. Where are ours? Have you heard anything, where are ours?

You see, there are rumors, - Svitsky lowered his voice to a whisper, - there are rumors that the Germans were defeated near Moscow, very badly defeated.

Is Moscow ours? Did the Germans take Moscow?

No, no, what are you? This I know for sure. They were defeated near Moscow. Under Moscow, you know.

In the dark, they suddenly laughed. The laughter was hoarse, triumphant, and Svitsky felt uneasy from this laughter.

Now I can get out. Now I have to step out and look them in the eyes one last time. Help me, comrade.

Comrade? Did you say comrade? My God, I thought I would never hear that word again!

Help me. I have something with my feet. They don't listen well. I will lean on your shoulder.

A bony hand squeezed the violinist's shoulder, and Svitsky felt rapid, ragged breathing on his cheek.

Come on, don't turn on the light. I see in the dark.

They walked slowly down the corridor. From his breathing, Svitsky understood that each step was given to the unknown with painful labor.

Tell ours, - the stranger said quietly, tell ours, when they return, what I hid - he suddenly fell silent.

No, you will tell them what I have hidden - he suddenly stopped talking.

No, you will tell them that I did not surrender the fortress. Let them search. Let them search in all casemates. The fortress didn't fall: it just bled out, I'm the last drop of it... What date is today?

20 years, - the unknown person chuckled. - And I miscalculated for seven whole days.

What 20 years?

The unknown person did not answer, and they made the whole way to the top in silence. With difficulty they climbed the embankment and climbed out of the hole. And here the stranger let go of Svitsky's shoulder, straightened up and crossed his arms over his chest. The violinist hurriedly stepped aside, looked around and for the first time saw whom he led out of the deaf casemate.

At the entrance to the basement stood an incredibly thin, no longer aged man. He was hatless, with long gray hair touching his shoulders. Brick dust ate into the quilted jacket tied with a belt, through the holes in the trousers one could see bare, swollen, knees covered with long-dried blood. Horribly broken, frostbitten black toes protruded from broken boots with fallen off boots. He stood up straight, his head thrown high, and without looking up, he gazed at the sun with blinded eyes. And from those unblinking, intent eyes, tears flowed uncontrollably. And everyone was silent. The soldiers and officers were silent, the general was silent. The women who had left their work were silent in the distance, and their guards were also silent. And everyone was now looking at this figure, stern and motionless, like a monument. Then the general said something in a low voice.

What is your rank and surname, - translated Svitsky.

I am a Russian soldier.

Mr. General urges you to provide your rank and surname. Svitsky's voice trembled, broke into a sob, and he wept and wept, no longer ceasing, smearing tears down his sunken cheeks with trembling hands. The stranger suddenly slowly turned his head, and his unblinking gaze rested on the general. And the thick beard quivered a little in a strange solemn mockery:

What, general, do you now know how many steps there are in a Russian verst? Those were his last words. Svitsky translated some more general questions, but the stranger was silent, still looking at the sun, which he did not see.

An ambulance drove up, a doctor and two orderlies with a stretcher hurriedly jumped out of it. The general nodded, and the doctor and orderlies rushed to the unknown. The orderlies spread out the stretcher, and the doctor said, but the unknown person, silently, pushed him away and went to the car. He walked strictly and straight, not seeing anything, but accurately guided by the sound of a running engine. And everyone stood in their places, and he walked alone, with difficulty

rearranging swollen frostbitten legs. And suddenly the German lieutenant shouted a command loudly and tensely, as if at a parade, and the soldiers, clicking their heels, clearly

they threw up their weapons "on guard", and the German general, after a little hesitation, raised his hands to his cap.

And he, swaying, slowly walked through the ranks of the enemies, who now gave him the highest military honors, and if he had seen, he would have been all right. He was above all conceivable honors, above glory, above life and above death. Terribly, in a voice, as if after a dead man, they screamed, the women howled. One by one they fell to their knees in the cold April mud. Sobbing. They stretched out their hands and bowed to the ground to him, the last defender, who never left the fortress. And he wandered towards the running engine, stumbling and stumbling, slowly moving his feet. The sole of the boot bent and came off, and a light bloody trail now stretched behind the bare foot. But he went and

he walked, proudly and stubbornly, as he lived, and fell only when he reached. Near the car. He fell on his back, supine, spreading his legs wide, exposing the unseeing

eyes wide open. Fell free, and after life, death trampled death.

Heroism of the defenders of the Brest Fortress.

Presentation by the first student.

The German invaders treacherously attacked our country on June 22, 1941 at 4 o'clock in the morning. The enemy counted on the suddenness of the strike, on the power of his equipment. The enemy used all types of weapons, including tanks, storm guns, artillery, and aircraft. Batteries of enemy artillery surrounded the fortress and fired intensely. From the first minutes of the war, the entire territory of the fortress literally boiled from explosions of mines, shells, and air bombs. The defenders of the Brest Fortress failed to unite their forces. They fought first in groups, and in two or three days they united in detachments. From dawn to dawn, the bombings were replaced by shelling, shelling - bombing.

The defenders of the fortress from the very first hours behaved heroically. Surrounded by enemies, in conditions of acute shortage, and then lack of ammunition, medicines, food and water, they held back repeated violent attacks of the enemy. The warriors showed amazing courage and resilience.

Recall the episodes of the first combat hours. The Germans captured some of the premises, among them the club building. The political officer ordered to knock them out of there:

Whoever does not have a rifle, arm yourself with shovels, stones, sticks - everything with which you can break a fascist's head.

Almost unarmed, the fighters carried out his order. Hunger, thirst, bleeding wounds exhausted the strength of the soldiers, but did not break their courage. The defenders of the fortress stood to death. Each of them thought that he was a part of the great Red Army, which defends the freedom and independence of the Motherland. An ardent love for the Motherland, a burning hatred for the Nazis, a high understanding of military duty helped

they can survive this hell. We read with excitement the scene of Pluzhnikov's meeting with the wounded political commissar. Only the eyes lived on his emaciated face, covered with dirt and soot, and a heavy smell came from the wounds.

Leave, - said the political instructor.

Leave the grenade and leave.

And you? the border guard asked.

And I'll wait for the Germans. A grenade and six rounds in a pistol: there will be something to meet.

This is our last and decisive battle, - in response, the political instructor sang with his last strength. Hoarsely, he shouted the words of the anthem and tears flowed down his haggard face, covered with soot and dust.

Presentation by the second student.

And all together, Pluzhnikov, Salnikov, the border guard stood shoulder to shoulder and sang the Internationale. They sang as loudly as they had ever sung in their lives. Tears

flowed down their dirty faces, but these were not the tears that the Germans were counting on. Everyone tried to fulfill his military duty with honor. The paramedic, having received an order to leave for a breakthrough, himself dying of hunger and thirst, refused to leave the wounded, although he knew that they would still die without water, food and from wounds that could not be treated.

Fill them up with bricks? he asked Pluzhnikov, who reported the order. - Nothing to shoot. Do you understand this? And the orders... And the orders no longer apply, I myself gave the order more terrible. Now, if each, each soldier gives himself an order and fulfills it, the German will die. And the war will die. The war will end.

Wounded soldiers, doomed to martyrdom, ask the lieutenant:

Live brother! And you will tell your people that we did not die in shame.

In one of the battles, when the fighters retreated under the pressure of the enemy to the barracks, in the church (the club was placed in it) there was one sergeant under fire from the enemy, he dragged an easel machine gun and alone repelled the onslaught of the enemy.

The women of the fortress behaved courageously. Aunt Christya and Mirra indignantly rejected Pluzhnikov's offer to surrender to the Germans in order to survive.

Bad decision, Commander! - said the old woman. Whatever they could, they helped the soldiers.

After reading B. Vasiliev’s story “He Was Not on the Lists”, you are once again convinced that the enemy was held back not by obsolete and dilapidated fortifications, but by the amazing resilience of the Soviet people. The mass heroism and amazing stamina of the soldiers shown in the defense of the Brest Fortress testify to the high patriotism and ardent love of the Soviet people for their homeland.

The humanism of the Russian people.

Student presentation.

Russian people are true humanists. Our people are a peaceful people. The Nazis treacherously attacked our country, so he took up arms to defend the Motherland. How hard it was to get used to the idea of ​​killing. Pluzhnikov

it was not easy to shoot a man. But the fury of the Nazis aroused burning hatred in the hearts of the soldiers, and they fiercely fought with them. The hearts of the defenders of Brest did not harden. They have kind hearts. Let us remember how peacefully they talk with the German, having learned that he is a simple worker, that he has three children, as if there is no war, as if their interlocutor is a good friend. Mirra asks Nikolai not to kill the prisoner, he fulfills the request. And how cruelly they paid for their kindness!

To be humane is to be merciless when circumstances require it. The German released by them was a real fascist. He

led to the dungeon flamethrowers. As a result of their actions, Aunt Christya burned down, who took care of Nikolai and Mirra as if they were her own children. The same German mercilessly dealt with Mirra when she tried to leave the fortress along with the women working here.

Yes, we are humanists. But if the enemy encroaches on the most precious thing - the freedom of the Motherland, we become merciless. Russian people finished off the enemy in their own lair and helped the German people in building a peaceful life.

Denishchik, Salnikov, Stepan Matveyevich -

Heroes of the Brest Fortress.

Presentation by the first student.

The defenders of Brest fought with unparalleled courage. Their best features are embodied by the author in the images of Salnikov, Denishchik, Stepan Matveyevich.

Stepan Matveyevich is a representative of the older generation. There is nothing heroic in his appearance. The war found him in a warehouse. He and five other people were walled up alive in the casemate during the bombing. They passionately strove for freedom, air, for their own. And many days later, a way out of the dungeon was found. The old warrior now sees his task in not giving rest to the enemies. After being wounded, Stepan Matveyevich's leg swelled up and gangrene began. Medical help is nowhere to be found. The old man understands that he is doomed, and until his strength has left him, he is in a hurry to get out of the dungeon and, at the cost of his life, destroy as many enemies as possible. Stepan Matveyevich accomplishes a feat. He makes a decision calmly, as about something everyday, simple. As if not related to his life. Before leaving, he asks to take care of Mirra, save her and survive in spite of the enemy. Soon Mirra and Nikolay saw: the head of a German column appeared in the Tiraspol gates. They walked in threes, shouting a song. And at that moment a dark figure fell from above, from

broken tower. It flashed in the air, falling right on the marching Germans, and a mighty explosion of two bundles of grenades tore the morning silence. It was Stepan Matveyevich.

Presentation by the second student.

The author tells about a strong military friendship. "Die yourself, but help out a comrade" - a soldier's law. Thrice saves the life of Commander Pluzhnikov, a young fighter Salnikov, a joker, a merry fellow, a heroic guy. In turn, Nikolai tries to help him when he is captured. Border guard Denishchik covered Pluzhnikov with his body in an attack on the bridge. At the cost of his own life, he saves the lieutenant. Pluzhnikov is deeply aware that he is indebted to the dead and takes revenge on the enemy until the last moment.

Warriors in the fortress fight until the last minute of their lives. With deep emotion we read the pages about the meeting between Pluzhnikov and one of the last defenders of the fortress, Semishny. We admire the strength of the spirit of this man, his boundless faith in victory, his ruthlessness to himself and others in the name of its approach. You read and think, where did he get the strength from? It was a living skeleton. He couldn't move.

after being wounded in the spine, his legs were paralyzed. For him, there is nothing dearer than the Motherland, there is no higher rank than the title of a Russian soldier. That is how he decided to call himself in the event that the Germans find him, and he does not commit suicide: “Russian

soldier is my title. Russian soldier is my last name. We are amazed at his vitality. He does exercises three times a day stubbornly, fanatically, although he can no longer move.

Presentation by the third student.

He fought to the last. With a fight, he gives death every millimeter of his body. Kill enemies as much as possible, save the banner of the regiment - that's what this warrior lived for. In the name of the banner of the regiment, he orders Lieutenant Pluzhnikov to mercilessly take revenge on the enemy as long as he is alive. Semishny deeply believes that just like him and Pluzhnikov, everywhere Soviet soldiers stand to the death.

“How many miles to Moscow, do you know? Thousand. At every verst there are people like you and me. You have to take an oath. What is an oath? Oath on the banner. So go and fulfill your oath. Automatic in hand and upstairs, so that they know: the fortress is alive. So that children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren are ordered to meddle in Russia. Semishny is proud that he honorably fulfilled his soldier's duty. Feeling that his strength has finally left him, life is leaving, he passes the banner to Nikolai with the order: “Die, but don’t give it back to the Germans. This is not your honor, and not mine - the honor of our Motherland. He dies with a proud consciousness that the fortress has not surrendered and will not surrender to the enemy.

The Nazis, preparing a war against the USSR, counted on a quick and easy victory. They did not take into account that it is impossible to conquer the people, where there are people like Pluzhnikov, Salnikov, Denishchik, Semishny, Stepan Matveyevich.

Excerpt from a book.

The student is reading.

It was now evening, and he was in a hurry to please the dying man. Even before reaching the manhole, he heard muffled groans. Semishny died. He spoke with difficulty, breathless, already indistinctly pronouncing the words. Death came to the throat, the hands no longer moved, and only the eyes lived. “We honestly fulfilled our duty, not sparing ourselves. And to the end, so to the end. Don't let yourself get killed before you die. The only way. Just like that, soldier. Correct death by death. The only way.

I have no strength, Semishny," Pluzhnikov said quietly.

There are no more forces.

No strength? Now they will. Now give me strength. Unbutton me, unbutton my tunic - that's all. Unbuttoned? Stick your hand. Well, do you feel the power?

Pluzhnikov unbuttoned his collar and tunic, hesitantly, not understanding anything, put his hand into the foreman's bosom. And with rough, frostbitten fingers he felt the cold, slippery, heavy to the touch silk of the banner.

From the first day I have been wearing it, - the voice of the foreman trembled, but he held back the sobs that choked him. - The banner of the regiment is on me, lieutenant. He commanded you in his name. He himself lived in his name, drove death to the last. Now it's your turn. Die, but don't give it back to the Germans. This is not your honor, not mine - the honor of our Motherland. Don't sully, Nikolai.

Repeat: I swear!

I swear, - said Pluzhnikov.

Never, alive or dead.

Do not give the enemy a battle banner.

Battle banner.

My homeland - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, - repeated Pluzhnikov and, kneeling down, kissed the silk on the foreman's cold chest.

When I die, put on yourself, - said Semishny. Don't touch before. I lived with him, I want to die with him.

They were silent, and the silence was solemn and sad. Then Pluzhnikov said:

I killed two today.

We did not surrender the fortress, - the foreman said quietly.

They didn’t pass, Pluzhnikov confirmed. - I won't give up.

Didn't appear on the list.

Presentation by the first student.

In the first part of the story, we have a young lieutenant Pluzhnikov, who has just graduated from a military school. Nikolai does not stay at the school, but asks to be sent to any active unit. He believes that only there you can become a real commander. His request was granted. Nicholas was appointed to Brest. He is given a short vacation for three days, and he managed to visit the house, see his mother and sister. Late in the evening of June 21, 1941, he met the well-known violinist Svitsky in Brest, whose niece worked as a cook in the dining room. She was asked by the violinist to help the lieutenant get to an unfamiliar fortress. It was past midnight when the girl brought him to the warehouse where Aunt Christia worked, a lonely woman who loved Mirra very much. At four o'clock in the morning the warehouse shuddered from powerful blows. Nikolai hastily ran out of the warehouse. He hurried to the regiment to be registered. Everything around was on fire. It so happened that there was no one to put it on record and there was nothing to do with it. Seeing a young soldier looking for an ammunition depot, he decided to act with him. Then they met a group of fighters led by a political officer. It was difficult for Nicholas in an unfamiliar fortress in such a difficult situation. He even chickened out once. He left the church, recaptured from the Germans with such difficulty. Then he redeems himself: the enemy is kicked out of the club. We see how Nikolai Pluzhnikov gradually matures. With many fighters, his fate brought him together. He was rescued by fighting friends, and he thought how to help them out. Running away from the pursuing Germans, Nikolai accidentally ends up in the very warehouse where his girlfriend brought him on the eve of the war. The warehouse was covered with a heavy shell in the first days of the war. Six of its inhabitants were immured alive in it. It took many days until the entrance was dismantled.

Presentation by the second student.

Pluzhnikov fell seriously ill. He is very worried that he cannot bring cartridges to the fighters. He even tries to commit suicide. Mirra saves him. The lieutenant haunts the fighters who were in the warehouse with him. He orders to destroy the enemy, to hunt for the Nazis every day, and not to sit in

dungeon, afraid to be discovered. Fedorchuk doesn't like it. And one day he decided to betray, came out of the dungeon with a white handkerchief. Pluzhnikov kills the traitor. Once Pluzhnikov brought a prisoner to the dungeon. The German said that he was a worker, showed a photograph where his three children were taken, which moved the women to pity. Nikolai does not raise his hand to shoot the fascist, thinking that

he fights against his will. And then Mirra asks to spare the enemy. They let him go, and in the morning the pardoned German brought flamethrowers, and they burned alive Aunt Christya, who happened to be at the manhole. An order was given to break through the enemy's ring, Lieutenant Pluzhnikov was offered to break through, but he could not leave Mirra, lame from birth. To leave a girl, knowing that she will die alone, is a betrayal, according to Nikolai. He decided to fight to the end in the fortress, although he had every moral right to leave, because he was not on the lists. Every day, Nikolai goes "to work" to kill the Germans. So one week after another went on, the young people fell in love with each other. In spite of the war, in spite of everything in the world, a bright feeling of love was born. Mirra must have a child. Her strength is leaving her. No water, no food, eternal darkness and rats. Mirra feels that she will die without giving life to the child.

You must go! Pluzhnikov said.

You have to get to your mom and raise your son. If I stay alive, I will find you. You will tell him about all of us who are left here under the stones.

He will pray on these stones.

No need to pray. You just have to remember.

Their plan was simple. Women were working nearby, clearing rubble. Mirra managed to sneak up to them unnoticed. But when the women, returning from work, lined up in a column, Mirra was pushed to the left flank, she turned out to be superfluous. The guard noticed her and led her to the oberefreytor. It turned out to be the same German whom they spared with Nikolai. Mirra hastily walked forward, afraid that Nikolai would see what would become of her. The blows rained down on her one after another, and she continued to walk, thinking about who remained in the dungeon, and tried with all her might to save him. She was pierced twice with a bayonet and covered with bricks while still alive. Nikolai, left alone, was sure that Mirra managed to escape. It snowed. The Germans found a hole and blew it up. Nikolay now had no shelter, no food, only a machine gun with a full disk and eight rounds of ammunition remained.

Presentation by the third student.

In one of the blockages of the barracks, where Pluzhnikov got to, he came across one of the defenders of the Semishnoye fortress. Before his death, he gives Nikolai the banner of the regiment and asks him to take care of it as a shrine. And again, Nikolai is alone - alone without cartridges, without food. He fell into a trap. The German general orders the Jew (and this was the violinist Svitsky) to go down into the dungeon and force the Russian soldier to surrender. Otherwise, death awaits both. Hearing from Svitsky that the Germans were defeated near Moscow, Nikolai decides to leave.

Now I can get out. I must go out and look them in the eye for the last time.

Even the Germans were amazed when they saw a gray-haired, blind, exhausted, unburied Russian soldier in front of them.

They gave him military honors.

Every year on June 22, an old woman arrived in Brest by the earliest train. She was in no hurry to leave the noisy station, where a marble statue hangs at the entrance to the station.

plate: from June 22 to July 2, 1941, under the leadership of foreman Nikolai (surname unknown) and foreman Pavel Basnev, military personnel and railway workers heroically defended the station.

The whole day the woman read this inscription. She stood next to her, as if in a guard of honor, reading one name. Seven letters "Nicholas". She didn't have to explain anything, it doesn't matter where her sons lie. What matters is what they died for.

Leading. We, the generation of the beginning of the 21st century, who know about the war from books, films and stories of veterans, having read B. Vasiliev’s story “He Was Not on the Lists”, we think about where the forces from young guys who came from all over the country to the firing lines came from endure this hell. To fight in such a way that even the enemies admired their extraordinary stamina and courage. Reading the novel, you think at what a huge price our happiness has been won - at the cost of the lives of 27 million people. They gave in order for us to live, the most precious thing is life. Fighting with such stubbornness, they thought not about themselves, but about the fate of future generations, about us. Think of them with deep gratitude. They did everything they could, even more. And now the fate of the Motherland is in our hands. We are responsible for everything.

Reading the novel, you involuntarily think: “Are we doing everything so that we are not ashamed in front of them, who gave their lives for us?” And with regret you will say: “No, not everything.” It is necessary to strictly evaluate their actions, to cultivate a sense of responsibility.