The role of the voice in the play Thunderstorm. Characteristics of the main characters of the work Thunderstorm, Ostrovsky. Their images and description. The attitude of the children of Kabanikh to the patriarchal world

The wanderer Feklusha is a very significant character in the play. In general, wanderers, blessed and holy fools were a common sign of merchant houses. Ostrovsky quite often mentioned them in his works, but they were always off-stage characters. Some of them wandered for religious reasons (collected funds for the construction of temples, went to worship shrines, etc.).

etc.), others - used the generosity of the population helping the wanderers and simply led an idle life, existing at the expense of others. Faith for such people was just a pretext, with their stories about shrines and miracles, they paid for shelter and alms. Ostrovsky did not like such a sanctimonious manifestation of religiosity, so he always mentioned wanderers and the blessed in ironic tones, characterizing the environment or an individual character with their help. Only in The Thunderstorm did the writer bring such a typical wanderer to the stage, making her an essential character, who then became one of the most famous in the Russian comedy repertoire.

Feklusha does not participate directly in the action of the play, but the significance of her image does not decrease from this. Firstly, she is the most important character, with the help of which the author characterizes the situation in general and, in particular, the image of Kabanikha. Secondly, the dialogue between Feklusha and Kabanikhi plays a very important role in understanding the life philosophy of Kabanikhi, her tragic sense of the collapse of the patriarchal world.

For the first time, Feklusha appears on stage immediately after Kuligin's statement about the "cruel morals" of the city and before the appearance of Kabanikha, mercilessly sawing her children. At the same time, Feklusha heartily praises the house of the Kabanovs for their generosity, confirming Kuligin's words that the Kabanikha is kind only to the poor, and completely ate at home.

The next time the reader meets Feklusha is already in the Kabanovs' house. She advises the girl Glasha to look after the wretched woman so that she does not pull off anything. Glasha gets annoyed, because all the beggars slander each other, and she understands people well and sees for herself who can be trusted. At the same time, listening to Feklusha's stories about other countries, where people walk with dog heads "for infidelity", Glasha ingenuously perceives everything as the truth. This is proved by the fact that Kalinov is a closed world that knows nothing about other lands. Then Feklusha begins to tell Kabanikha about Moscow and the railway. The wanderer assures that by all signs they are advancing " end times". People are fussing, in a hurry somewhere, and even time began to go faster, which means that the end of the world is not far off. The boar listens sympathetically to these speeches, and from her remarks one can judge that she is also aware of the impending collapse of her world.

Thanks to Ostrovsky's play, the name Feklusha has long become a household name and denotes a person who spreads all sorts of ridiculous stories under the guise of pious reasoning.

"Thunderstorm", as you know, presents us with an idyll of the "dark kingdom", which little by little illuminates us with Ostrovsky's talent. The people you see here live in blessed places: the city stands on the banks of the Volga, all in greenery; from the steep banks one can see distant spaces covered with villages and fields; a fertile summer day beckons to the shore, to the air, under the open sky, under this breeze blowing refreshingly from the Volga ... And the inhabitants, as if, sometimes walk along the boulevard over the river, although they have already looked at the beauties of the Volga views; in the evening they sit on the rubble at the gate and engage in pious conversations; but they spend more time at home, do housework, eat, sleep - they go to bed very early, so it is difficult for an unaccustomed person to endure such a sleepy night as they ask themselves. But what should they do, how not to sleep when they are full? Their life flows smoothly and peacefully, no interests of the world disturb them, because they do not reach them; kingdoms may collapse, new lands may open up, the face of the earth may change as it pleases, the world may begin new life on new principles - the inhabitants of the town of Kalinov will continue to exist in complete ignorance of the rest of the world. From time to time an indefinite rumor will run to them that Napoleon with two or ten tongues is rising again or that the Antichrist has been born; but even this they take more as a curious thing, like the news that there are countries where all people have dog heads; shake their heads, express surprise at the wonders of nature, and go and have a snack... ancient Rus' the time of Daniel the Pilgrim *, only from wanderers, and even those now are few real ones; one has to be content with those who "themselves, due to their weakness, did not go far, but heard a lot," like Feklusha in The Thunderstorm. From them only the inhabitants of Kalinovo learn about what is happening in the world; otherwise they would think that the whole world is the same as their Kalinov, and that it is absolutely impossible to live otherwise than them. But the information reported by the Feklushs is such that they are not able to inspire a great desire to exchange their life for another.

Feklusha belongs to a patriotic and highly conservative party; she feels good among the pious and naive Kalinovites: she is both revered, and treated, and supplied with everything necessary; she can seriously assure that her very sins come from the fact that she is higher than other mortals: “ ordinary people, - he says, - one enemy confuses everyone, but to us, strange people, to whom there are six, to whom twelve are assigned, so we must overcome them all. And they believe her. It is clear that the simple instinct of self-preservation should make her not say a good word about what is being done in other lands. And in fact, listen to the conversations of the merchants, the bourgeoisie, petty bureaucrats in the district wilderness - how many amazing information about the unfaithful and filthy kingdoms, how many stories about those times when people were burned and tortured, when robbers robbed cities, etc. , and how little information about European life, about the best way of life! Even in the so-called educated society, in the Europeanized people, in the multitude of enthusiasts who admired the new Parisian streets and the Mabil, don't you find almost the same number of respectable connoisseurs who intimidate their listeners with the fact that nowhere but Austria, in all of Europe, is there any order? and no justice can be found! .. All this leads to the fact that Feklusha expresses so positively: “bla-alepie, dear, bla-alepie, wondrous beauty! What can I say, you live in the promised land!” It certainly goes like that, how to figure out what is being done in other lands. Listen to Feklusha:

“They say there are such countries, dear girl, where there are no Orthodox tsars, and the Saltans rule the earth. In one land, the Turkish Saltan Mahnut sits on the throne, and in the other, the Persian Saltan Mahnut; and they do justice, dear girl, over all people, and whatever they judge, everything is wrong. And they, dear girl, cannot judge a single matter righteously - such a limit has been set for them. We have a righteous law, and they, my dear, are unrighteous; that according to our law it turns out that way, but according to theirs everything is the other way around. And all their judges, in their countries, are also all unrighteous; so to them, dear girl, and in requests they write: “Judge me, unjust judge!” And then there is still the land, where all the people with dog heads.

“Why is it so with the dogs?” Glasha asks. “For infidelity,” Feklusha replies shortly, considering any further explanations to be superfluous. But Glasha is glad for that too; in the languid monotony of her life and thoughts, she is pleased to hear something new and original. In her soul, the thought is already vaguely awakening, “that, however, people live and not like us; it is certainly better with us, but by the way, who knows! After all, we are not well; but about those lands we still do not know well; you will only hear something from good people”... And the desire to know more and more solidly creeps into the soul. This is clear to us from the words of Glasha on the departure of the wanderer: “Here are some other lands! There are no miracles in the world! And we're sitting here, we don't know anything. It's also good that there are good people; no, no, and you will hear what is happening in the wide world; otherwise they would have died like fools. As you can see, the unrighteousness and unfaithfulness of foreign lands does not arouse horror and indignation in Glasha; she is only interested in new information, which seems to her something mysterious - "miracles", as she puts it. You see that she is not satisfied with Feklusha's explanations, which only arouse in her regret for her ignorance. She is obviously halfway to skepticism. But where can she keep her distrust when it is constantly undermined by stories like Feklushin's? How can she reach correct concepts, even just reasonable questions, when her curiosity is locked in such a circle, which is outlined around her in the city of Kalinovo? And not only that, how dare she not believe and inquire when the elders and the best people so positively calm down in the conviction that the concepts and way of life they have adopted are the best in the world and that everything new comes from evil spirits? It is terrible and hard for every newcomer to attempt to go against the requirements and convictions of this dark mass, terrible in its naivety and sincerity. After all, she will curse us, she will run around like those with the plague, not out of malice, not out of calculations, but out of a deep conviction that we are akin to the Antichrist; it’s good if she only thinks she’s crazy and laughs at her ... She seeks knowledge, loves to reason, but only within certain limits, prescribed to her by the basic concepts in which her mind gets confused.

You can communicate some geographical knowledge to the Kalinov residents; but do not touch upon the fact that the earth stands on three whales and that there is the navel of the earth in Jerusalem—they will not yield to you, although they have the same clear idea of the navel of the earth as they have of Lithuania in The Thunderstorm. “This, my brother, what is it?” one civilian asks another, pointing to the picture. “And this is a Lithuanian ruin,” he replies. - Battle! see! How ours fought with Lithuania. “What is this Lithuania?” “So she is Lithuania,” the explainer replies. “And they say, my brother, she fell on us from the sky,” continues the first; but it is not enough for his interlocutor to have such a need: “well, p. the sky so from the sky, ”he answers ... Then the woman intervenes in the conversation:“ talk more! Everyone knows that from the sky; and where there was a battle with her, mounds were poured there for memory. “What, my brother! It's so true!" exclaims the questioner, quite satisfied. And after that ask him what he thinks about Lithuania! All the questions asked here by natural curiosity have a similar outcome. And this is not at all because these people were more stupid and stupid than many others whom we meet in academies and learned societies. No, the whole point is that by their position, by their life under the yoke of arbitrariness, they have all been accustomed to see the lack of accountability and senselessness and therefore find it awkward and even daring to persistently seek out reasonable grounds for anything. Ask a question - there will be more of them; but if the answer is such that “the cannon itself, and the mortar itself,” then they no longer dare to torture further and are humbly content with this explanation. The secret of such indifference to logic lies primarily in the absence of any logic in life relationships. The key to this mystery is given to us, for example, by the following line of Diky in "Thunderstorm". Kuligin, in response to his rudeness, says: “Why, sir Savel Prokofich, would you like to offend an honest man?” Dikoy replies:

Report, or something, I'll give you! I don't report to anyone more important than you. I want to think about you like that, I think so! For others you fair man and I think you're a robber, that's all. Would you like to hear it from me? So listen! I say that the robber, and the end. What are you going to sue, or what, will you be with me? So know that you are a worm. If I want - I'll have mercy, if I want - I'll crush.

What theoretical reasoning can stand there. where life is based on such principles! The absence of any law, any logic - that is the law and logic of this life...

Involuntarily, you will stop resonating here, when the fist answers every reason, and in the end the fist always remains right ...

Dobrolyubov N.A. "A Ray of Light in a Dark Realm"

Who is Feklusha in the play "Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky? At first glance, he is a completely inconspicuous character who does not directly or indirectly affect the plot. Then the question arises why introduce such a character at all. In fact, this character has its own, very significant, function. The characterization of Feklusha in the play "Thunderstorm" can be started with the word "wanderer".

In general, the motives of wandering are quite strong in Russian literature and culture. The images of wanderers are found in Pushkin, and in Dostoevsky, and in Gorky. It cannot be denied that the image of wanderers is associated with folklore tradition. In fairy tales, you can find many examples of characters who traveled the world, "wandered". Wanderers were a symbol and bearer of worldly wisdom, some higher truth, such as Luka in Gorky's play "At the Bottom" or the old wanderers from epics about Ilya Muromets. In Ostrovsky's works, the pole of perception changes. The role of Feklusha in the play "Thunderstorm" is different. There is no description of Feklusha in the text. But her appearance is easy to imagine. Wanderers are usually middle-aged or a little older. Often, for lack of other clothing, they were forced to dress in rags.

The name of the character is indicative - Feklusha. Despite the fact that Feklusha is about the same age as Marfa Ignatievna, if not more. With the childish form of the name, the author wants to emphasize not at all the childish immediacy of perception, but, again, as in the case of Tikhon, the infantilism inherent in these actors. This woman has remained at the level of development at which there are small children. But only this feature is rather negative. Ostrovsky introduces this character into the comedy immediately after Kuligin's monologue about the "cruel morals" and hypocrisy of the Kabanikh and before the appearance of Marfa Ignatievna.

“Bla-alepie, honey, blah-alepie! Beauty is wondrous! What can I say! Live in the promised land! And the merchants are all a pious people, adorned with many virtues, ”Feklusha says these words to another woman. Her words are sweet and deceitful. She shamelessly lies, supporting the myth of the power of the merchants and the correctness of their way of life. Thanks to this character, one can see how deeply false principles are rooted in the minds of people. What Feklusha says cannot be called adequate.

The episode of the conversation with Glasha, the yard girl of the Kabanovs' house, is noteworthy. The wanderer talks about the unrighteousness of life. She judges narrowly, limitedly. From her point of view, other religions and beliefs are not correct, because they are unrighteous: “They say there are such countries, dear girl, where there are no Orthodox kings, and the saltans rule the earth. In one land, the Turkish Saltan Mahnut sits on the throne, and in the other, the Persian Saltan Mahnut; and they do justice, dear girl, over all people, and whatever they judge, everything is wrong. And they, my dear, cannot judge a single case righteously, such is the limit set for them. We have a righteous law, but they, dear, have an unrighteous one.

Her words about the Moscow bustle and fiery machines not only look like illogical nonsense, but also illustrate the ignorance, "darkness" of such people. Progress and enlightenment for such as Feklusha will forever remain a sinful darkness. By the way, in the image of Feklusha, the author shows hypocrisy in relation to religion. The fact is that it has long been believed that helping strangers is righteous. Here, people who have mutilated knowledge and understanding of Christianity help and believe a wanderer with exactly the same judgments.

The speech characteristic of Feklusha in The Thunderstorm is also important. Her remarks are overflowing with appeals "sweetheart", "sir", "dear girl", "your grace". On the one hand, this gives her speech a hypnotic melodiousness, on the other hand, it proves the creeping nature of Feklusha.

The Wanderer Feklusha is minor character, but at the same time a very characteristic representative of the “dark kingdom”. Wanderers and the blessed have always been regular guests of merchants' houses. For example, Feklusha entertains representatives of the Kabanov family with various tales about overseas countries, talking about people with dog heads and rulers who “whatever they judge, everything is wrong.” But the city of Kalinov Feklusha, on the contrary, praises, which is very pleasant for its inhabitants. Feklusha's gossip seems to encourage the dark

the ignorance of the townspeople. Everything incomprehensible is criticized, and the provincial little world of Kalinov is spoken of only in superlatives.

In fact, at its core, Feklusha is just a pathetic parody of ancient wanderers, with the help of which news and various legends were spread in ancient times. Feklusha's stories for Kabanova and Glasha, which, of course, I don't know about books or newspapers, are simply necessary to satisfy curiosity, and besides, they help to brighten up dull provincial everyday life. Also for Kabanova, who is a fierce guardian of the patriarchal way of life, all these “tales” serve as proof of the correctness of her life.

The image of Feklusha is farcical, and is often used to refer to an ignorant prude who loves to spread various ridiculous gossip.

Characteristics of the Wild

Savel Prokofich Wild is a typical petty tyrant. This is a rich merchant who has no right. He tortured his relatives, because of his insults, households scatter through attics and closets. The merchant is rude to the servants, it is impossible to please him, he will definitely find something to cling to. You can’t beg for a salary from the Wild, because he is very greedy. Savel Prokofich, an ignorant man, a supporter of the patriarchal system, does not want to know modern world. The stupidity of the merchant is evidenced by his conversation with Kuligin, from which it becomes clear that Wild does not know, a thunderstorm. The characterization of the heroes of the "dark kingdom", unfortunately, does not end there.

Description of Kabanikhi

Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova is the embodiment of the patriarchal way of life. A rich merchant's wife, a widow, she constantly insists on observing all the traditions of her ancestors and herself strictly follows them. The boar brought everyone to despair - this is precisely what the characterization of the heroes shows. "Thunderstorm" is a play that reveals the mores of a patriarchal society. A woman gives alms to the poor, goes to church, but does not give life to her children and daughter-in-law. The heroine wanted to maintain her former way of life, so she kept her family at bay, taught her son, daughter, daughter-in-law.

Characteristics of Katerina

In a patriarchal world, humanity, faith in goodness can be preserved - this is also shown by the characteristics of the heroes. "Thunderstorm" is a play in which there is a confrontation between the new and the old world, only the characters of the work defend their point of view in different ways. Katerina happily recalls her childhood, because she grew up in love and understanding. She belongs to the patriarchal world and up to a certain point everything suited her, even the fact that her parents themselves decided her fate and gave her in marriage. But Katerina does not like the role of the humiliated daughter-in-law, she does not understand how one can constantly live in fear and captivity.

The main character of the play is gradually changing, she wakes up in her strong personality, able to make her choice, which manifests itself in love for Boris. Katerina was killed by her entourage, the lack of hope pushed her to suicide, because she could not live in the Kabanikhi home prison.

The attitude of the children of Kabanikh to the patriarchal world

Barbara is one who does not want to live according to the laws of the patriarchal world, but she is not going to openly oppose the will of her mother. She was crippled by the house of Kabanikha, because it was here that the girl learned to lie, cheat, do whatever she wanted, but carefully hide the traces of her misdeeds. To show the ability of some persons to adapt to different conditions, Ostrovsky wrote his play. A thunderstorm (the characterization of the heroes shows what kind of blow Varvara inflicted on her mother by escaping from the house) brought everyone to clean water, during bad weather the inhabitants of the town showed their real faces.

Tikhon is a weak person, the embodiment of the completion of the patriarchal way of life. He loves his wife, but cannot find the strength to protect her from her mother's tyranny. It was Kabanikha who pushed him to drunkenness, destroyed him with her moralizing. Tikhon does not support the old order, but he sees no reason to go against his mother, passing her words on deaf ears. Only after the death of his wife does the hero decide to rebel against Kabanikh, accusing her of the death of Katerina. To understand the worldview of each character and his attitude to the patriarchal world allows characterization of the characters. "Thunderstorm" is a play with a tragic end, but faith in a better future.