Shishkin's exhibition Tretyakov Gallery took place in 2007 and was dedicated to the 175th anniversary of the birth of the great master (the years of his life 1832-1898). The exposition was the most complete collection of works of the recognized classic of Russian painting. The exhibition of Shishkin's works was supposed to show the true meaning of the artist's work, expanding the textbook ideas of the public.
More about the exposition
In total, visitors could see more than 200 works of the master:
- part of the gallery's permanent exhibition;
- canvases from her funds;
- works of the master, permanently stored in the Russian Museum;
- paintings from private and museum collections foreign countries and Russia.
It is difficult to list all those paintings by Shishkin with titles that aroused the greatest interest among the public. After all, each canvas of the artist is a part of him. inner world, a reflection of his talent and originality.
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin loved Russian nature, one might even say that he felt a sense of reverence for it. Painting «Noon. Moscow suburbs. Bratsevo" appeared in 1866. This canvas draws before the audience a surprisingly original nature, which, thanks to the talent of the painter, seems truly alive. The image of people in the picture seems to be secondary, a more important role is entrusted by the master to the sky.
In 1878, Shishkin wrote the famous "Rye". This large-scale canvas not only delights with the sincere love of the artist for nature, but also with the depth of thought of a true philosopher. The depicted trees resemble the columns of ancient Russian temples or giants guarding the wealth of their native land.
The canvas "Debri" dates from 1881. This picture reflects the personal experiences and emotions of the painter. This canvas is a kind of philosophical message of the artist to the world. Someone sees here exceptionally gloomy tones and premonitions of inevitable disaster, and someone sees nature frozen in anticipation of a new, better day.
The painting "Kama" appeared in 1882. Here again, the artist's admiration for Russian nature is unambiguously read. The mysterious sky appears here like a fabulous canopy over the fertile land, and the water seems to be something so beautiful that it is even infinitely far from reality.
Perhaps one of the most famous works of the artist is “Morning in pine forest", written in 1889. In the hall of Shishkin's paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery, this canvas is exhibited constantly. The pine forest in the picture is incredibly realistic, in some ways even reminiscent of a digital photo, thanks to carefully written details. No less plausible are the four inhabitants of the forest, busy with their own affairs.
Created in 1890, the canvas “Winter” fully conveys the amazing feeling of calm and tranquility experienced by a person who finds himself in the middle of winter forest. It seems that in the next moment the landscape will come to life and forest sounds will clearly be heard.
Stores a lot of work famous artist. The painting "In the Wild North" not only became part of the exhibition, but is also constantly in the museum's collection. The canvas dates from 1891 and is part of the illustrations for the publication of Lermontov's poems. Actually, the name of one of the poet's works is placed in the title of the picture.
The Tretyakov Gallery also constantly exhibits "Forest Dali" (1884). This canvas conveys the incredible scale and inviolability of the power of Russian nature.
The hall of Shishkin's paintings is certainly visited by all the guests of the museum. After all, the collection of paintings by the great Russian artist, collected here, amazes with its completeness and uniqueness. The artist's work was not limited to painting, he was fond of professional photography. The exposition in the Tretyakov Gallery gave the interested public the opportunity to see the personal belongings of the master, which helped him in the formation of his own style and bright creative personality.
Even people who are far from painting know about the works of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Shishkin gained popularity during his lifetime, painting the nature of Russia, which he loved so much. Contemporaries called him "the king of the forest", and not by chance, because among the works of Shishkin you can find many paintings depicting forest landscapes.
The paintings of the famous landscape painter are difficult to confuse with the works of other artists. Nature on the canvases of Shishkin is shown selectively. The landscape painter painted her close-up, focusing on the rough bark of trees, green leaves, roots protruding from the ground. If Aivazovsky preferred to portray the power of the elements, then Shishkin's nature seems peaceful and calm.
(Painting "Rain in the forest")
The artist skillfully conveyed this feeling of calmness through his canvases. natural phenomena he didn't show up very often. One of his paintings depicts rain in the forest. Otherwise, nature seems unshakable and almost eternal.
(Painting "Windbreak")
Separate canvases depict objects that survived the invasion of the elements. For example, the artist has several canvases with the name "Windfall". The elements raged, leaving behind a pile of broken trees.
(Painting "View of the island of Valaam")
Shishkin loved the island of Valaam. This place inspired him to work, so among the artist's paintings you can find landscapes depicting the views of Valaam. One of these paintings is "View on the island of Valaam". Separate canvases with landscapes of the island belong to the early period of the artist's work.
(Painting "Pine trees illuminated by the sun")
It is worth noting that from the very beginning, Shishkin decided on the manner of depicting nature. He does not take large-scale objects and does not seek to show the entire forest, focusing on the "three pines".
(Painting "Debri")
(Painting "Rye")
(Painting "Oak Grove")
(Painting "Morning in a pine forest")
(Painting "Winter")
One of interesting pictures artist - "Debri". The canvas depicts a forest area untouched by man. This site lives its own life, even the land on it is completely covered with vegetation. If a person got into this place, he would feel like a hero of some mysterious Russian fairy tale. The artist concentrated on the details, depicting the depths of the forest. He conveyed every detail with amazing accuracy. On this canvas, you can also see a fallen tree - a trace of the raging elements.
(Hall of paintings by Ivan Shishkin in the Tretyakov Gallery)
Today, many of Shishkin's paintings can be seen in the famous Tretyakov Gallery. They still attract the attention of connoisseurs of painting. Shishkin painted not only Russian landscapes. The artist was also fascinated by the views of Switzerland. But Shishkin himself admitted that he was bored without Russian nature.
January 13 (25), 1832, 180 years ago, the future outstanding Russian landscape painter, painter, draftsman and engraver-aquaphorist was born Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin.
Shishkin was born in the small town of Yelabuga, on the banks of the Kama River. The dense coniferous forests surrounding this city and the harsh nature of the Urals conquered the young Shishkin.
Of all types of painting, Shishkin preferred the landscape. "...Nature is always new... and is always ready to give an inexhaustible supply of its gifts, what we call life... What could be better than nature..." - he writes in his diary.
Close contact with nature, its careful study aroused in the young researcher of nature the desire to capture it as authentically as possible. “Only the unconditional imitation of nature,” he writes in a student album, “can fully satisfy the requirements of a landscape painter, and the most important thing for a landscape painter is a diligent study of nature, as a result of this, a picture from nature should be without imagination.”
Just three months after entering the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shishkin attracted the attention of professors with his natural landscape drawings. He anxiously awaited the first exam at the Academy, and his joy was great at being awarded a small silver medal for the painting "View in the vicinity of St. Petersburg" submitted for the competition. According to him, he wanted to express in the picture "fidelity, similarity, portraiture of the depicted nature and convey the life of a hot-breathing nature."
Painted in 1865, the painting "View in the environs of Düsseldorf" brought the artist the title of academician.
By this time, he was already being talked about as a talented and virtuoso draftsman. His pen drawings, executed with the smallest strokes, with filigree finishing of details, surprised and amazed the audience both in Russia and abroad. Two such drawings were acquired by the Düsseldorf Museum.
Lively, sociable, charming, active Shishkin was surrounded by the attention of his comrades. I. E. Repin, who visited the famous "Thursdays" of the St. Petersburg Artel of Artists, later spoke about him: "The loudest voice of the hero I. I. Shishkin was heard: like a mighty green forest, he amazed everyone with his health, good appetite and truthful Russian speech During these evenings he drew with a pen a good deal of his excellent drawings. The audience used to gasp behind him when, with his mighty paws of a dray and clumsy, callused fingers from work, he began to distort and erase his brilliant drawing, and the drawing was as if by some miracle or magic from such The rude treatment of the author comes out more and more elegant and brilliant.
Already at the first exhibition of the Wanderers, the famous painting by Shishkin " Pinery. Mast forest in the Vyatka province. "The viewer is presented with the image of a majestic, mighty Russian forest. Looking at the picture, one gets the impression of deep peace, which is not disturbed by either bears near a tree with a beehive, or a bird flying high in the sky. Pay attention to how beautifully the trunks of old pines are written : each has "its own character" and "its own face", but in general - the impression of a single world of nature, full of inexhaustible vitality. A leisurely detailed story, an abundance of details along with the identification of a typical, characteristic, the integrity of the captured image, simplicity and accessibility artistic language- are distinctive features this picture, as well as subsequent works of the artist, which invariably attracted the attention of viewers at exhibitions of the Association of the Wanderers.
In the best paintings by Shishkin I.I., created by the end of the 70s and in the 80s, a monumental-epic beginning is felt. The paintings convey the solemn beauty and power of the endless Russian forests. The life-affirming works of Shishkin are consonant with the attitude of the people, connecting the idea of happiness, contentment human life with the power and richness of nature. On one of the artist's sketches, one can see the following inscription: "... Expanse, space, land. Rye... Grace. Russian wealth." A worthy completion of the integral and original work of Shishkin was the painting of 1898 "Ship Grove".
In Shishkin's painting "Polesye", contemporaries pointed out that the artist failed to achieve in coloring the perfection that distinguished the artist's drawings. N. I. Murashko noted that he would like to see more light in the painting "Polesie" "with its golden play, with its thousand reddish, then airy bluish transitions."
However, the fact that color began to play a much greater role in his works of the 80s did not pass by the attention of his contemporaries. In this regard, the highest appreciation of the picturesque qualities of Shishkin's famous sketch "Pine Trees Illuminated by the Sun" is important.
Working as a professor, Shishkin demanded painstaking preliminary work on location from his students. In winter, when I had to work indoors, I forced novice artists to make redrawings from photographs. Shishkin found that such work contributes to the comprehension of the forms of nature, helps to improve the drawing. He believed that only a long, intense study of nature could eventually open the way for a landscape painter to create independently. In addition, Shishkin noted that the mediocre will slavishly copy it, while "a person with a flair will take what he needs." However, he did not take into account that copying from photographs of individual details taken outside their natural environment does not bring closer, but moves away from the deep knowledge of it, which he sought from his students.
By 1883, the artist is at the dawn of his creative powers. It was at this time that Shishkin created the capital canvas "Among the Flat Valley ...", which can be considered classic in terms of the completeness of the artistic image, completeness, and monumentality of sound. Contemporaries invaded the merits of the picture, noticing the essential feature of this work: it reveals those features of natural life that are dear and close to any Russian person, meet his aesthetic ideal and are captured in a folk song.
Suddenly, death crept up on the artist. He died at the easel on March 8 (20), 1898, while working on the painting "Forest Kingdom".
A great painter, brilliant draftsman and etcher, he left a huge artistic legacy.
Based on the book "Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin", compiled by I. N. Shuvalova
Paintings by Shishkin I.I.
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Sea shore |
Sea shore. Mary Howie |
Pond shore | River bank | birch forest |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Big Nevka |
Logs. Village Konstantinovka near Red village |
bumps | Beech forest in Switzerland | Beech forest in Switzerland |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| goby | In the spruce forest | In Crimea | In forest thickets | In the forest |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
In the woods of the Countess Mordvinova |
In the deciduous forest | Around Düsseldorf | In the park | in the grove |
 |
 |
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898) - Russian landscape painter, painter, draftsman and engraver-aquaphorist. Representative of the Dusseldorf Art School.
Academician (1865), professor (1873), head of the landscape workshop (1894-1895) of the Academy of Arts.
Ivan Shishkin was born on January 13 (25), 1832 in the city of Yelabuga. He came from the ancient Vyatka family of the Shishkins, was the son of a merchant Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin (1792-1872).
At the age of 12 he was appointed as a student of the 1st Kazan gymnasium, but having reached the 5th grade in it, he left it and entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1852-1856). After graduating from this institution, from 1857 he continued his education at the Imperial Academy of Arts, where, together with Guinet, Jongin and others, he was listed as a student of Professor S. M. Vorobyov. Not satisfied with his studies within the walls of the academy, he diligently drew and painted sketches from nature in the vicinity of St. Petersburg and on the island of Valaam, thanks to which he became more and more familiar with its forms and the ability to accurately convey it with a pencil and brush. Already in the first year of his stay at the academy, he was awarded two small silver medals for a cool drawing and for a view in the vicinity of St. Petersburg. In 1858 he received a large silver medal for a view of Valaam, in 1859 a small gold medal for a landscape from the vicinity of St. Petersburg and, finally, in 1860 a large gold medal for two views of the Kukko area, on Valaam.
Acquiring, together with this last award, the right to travel abroad as a pensioner of the Academy, he went to Munich in 1861, visited workshops there famous artists Benno and Franz Adamov, who were very popular as animal painters, and then in 1863 moved to Zurich, where, under the guidance of Professor R. Koller, who was then considered one of the best depictions of animals, he copied and painted the latter from nature. In Zurich, he tried for the first time to engrave with "royal vodka". From here he made an excursion to Geneva in order to get acquainted with the works of F. Didet and A. Kalam, and then moved to Dusseldorf and painted there, commissioned by N. Bykov, “View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf” - a picture that, being sent to St. Petersburg, gave the artist the title of academician. Abroad, in addition to painting, he did a lot of pen drawings; his works of this kind surprised foreigners, and some were placed in the Düsseldorf Museum next to the drawings of first-class European masters.
Longing for his homeland, in 1866 he returned to St. Petersburg before the expiration of his pensionership. Since then, he often traveled around Russia for artistic purposes, exhibiting his works almost every year, first at the academy. After the association was formed traveling exhibitions, produced pen drawings at these exhibitions. Since 1870, having joined the circle of aquafortists formed in St. Petersburg, he again began to engrave with "royal vodka", which he did not leave until the end of his life, devoting almost as much time to it as to painting. All these works every year increased his reputation as one of the best Russian landscape painters and an incomparable aquafortist. The artist owned an estate in the village of Vyra (now the Gatchina district of the Leningrad region).
In 1873, the academy elevated him to the rank of professor for the painting “Wilderness” acquired by it. After the entry into force of the new charter of the academy, in 1892 he was invited to lead her educational landscape workshop, but due to various circumstances, he did not hold this position for long. He died suddenly in St. Petersburg on March 8 (20), 1898, sitting at an easel, working on a new painting. He was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery. In 1950, the ashes of the artist were transferred along with the monument to the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
This is part of a Wikipedia article used under the CC-BY-SA license. Full text articles here →
The Russian painter of the 19th century Ivan Shishkin is at least superficially familiar to each of us. In Soviet times, the owners liked to decorate the walls of their homes with reproductions of the artist's paintings torn from magazines.
In addition, few people do not remember the amazing sweets, the wrapper of which was decorated with the legendary bear cubs in a pine forest.
People who are more or less versed in painting know that Shishkin is a huge figure in the history of not only Russian, but also world fine art.
His incredible ability to sing of the beauties of nature amazes all fans of the landscape, and the ability of the master to masterfully convey the subtle states of nature on his canvases delights art connoisseurs around the world.
Introducing 10 the most famous paintings by Shishkin with photographs of original works, titles and descriptions.
10. From the vicinity of Gurzuf
Sunny Crimea has always attracted painters - they came there in pursuit of fresh artistic sensations, for new colors.
On the peninsula, nature literally splashes with contrasts: it is sharp and vague, not flashy and multicolored, monumental and minimalistic.
Shishkin also succumbed to the general temptation and at the end of the 1870s went to work in the Crimea.
The artist showed the landscape “From the environs of Gurzuf” in 1880 at his personal exhibition. At that time, such expositions were very popular, and this one became an event in the art world.
9. Forest distances
The picture was painted in 1884. Shishkin's works of this period are distinguished by their special depth and amazing power..
Written as if from a bird's eye view, the picture is original in its compositional key. In the optical center one can see a small pond, which to some extent symbolizes the radiance of nature, saturated with the sun.
It becomes clear to the viewer that the mirror, shiny surface of the water reflects the beautiful summer sky, but this catchy glare of light, combined with the play of light on the crowns of the trees, fills the environment of the picture with some kind of fabulous aura.
The epic scale of the work is given not only by its format, but also by incredibly scrupulously written out details that prompt philosophical reflections.
8. A stream in a birch forest
The canvas depicts an incredibly beautiful birch forest. Mast birches, as if reaching to the very sky, which fascinate with their royal grandeur and tranquility. Wherever you look, everywhere we see birches.
Moreover, each image is not only as detailed as possible by the genius of the landscape, but it is individual in nature. Here, each tree has its own unique character and features unlike others.
7. Village yard
Shishkin created this canvas in the late 60s of the XIX century. Here, the viewer is presented with a picture of the courtyard of the peasants of that time.
In the right corner, the master depicts the corner of a log house. Shishkin, with the detail of the photographer, conveys the structure of a typical village hut.
The dynamics of the composition takes us to a small opening that can be seen close up with the gates closed. Thus, Shishkin shows us a piece of the boundless Russian field.
One of the main goals of creating this landscape was image of the decadence of peasant life. It can be noted that the artist did not paint a single figure of livestock. It seems that the owners just left their home.
6. Apiary
Shishkin throughout his creative way tried not only to know nature as deeply as possible, but explore the nature of the relationship of a person with it.
The world-famous canvas “Apiary in the Forest” demonstrates to us the passion of the master of painting for this topic.
A peasant collecting honey in an apiary is a great idea to once again display communication ordinary people with nature.
The picture reflects the painter's deep understanding of the subtlest processes that take place in the life of an ordinary peasant, who is firmly connected with both the forest and the field that feed him.
5. Rye
In this famous canvas, Shishkin combined the two main colors of the Russian school of painting: blue and gold. This scale was often used in icon painting. From this we can conclude that in this work the artist puts the Russian landscape on a par with divine nature.
You should also pay attention to symbolic meaning pine trees, which personify endurance, strength of life and inflexibility. The trees in this picture are such epic heroes protecting the rye field.
A withered tree looks like a dissonance in their general ensemble. Most likely, Shishkin so wanted to designate his complex mental state, in which he was working on the creation of the canvas, because shortly before the creation of the picture, the artist lost people dear to him (father, wife and two children).
4. Harvest
This is one of early works master, demonstrating to the viewer the vast expanse of the boundless Russian lands, rich in bread, which so delighted the novice painter.
Shishkin with writes spikelets with scrupulous detail. Sunny, decorated with many clouds, the sky contrasts with the gold of the field and the nearby settlement, where, as expected, the tallest building is.
3. View around Dusseldorf
This picture is literally saturated with light and air. Looking at it, you can clearly feel this living nature, its magic and reality.
Here it is clearly seen that Shishkin was very close to this simple and discreet beauty of the expanses of Düsseldorf as if hiding a secret.
The painter filigree writes out all the details of the picture. The right side of the canvas gives a complete feeling of an impending thunderstorm. Here Shishkin depicts a gloomy cloud blocking the sun's rays.
The master masterfully plays with the contrast of tonal saturation, conveying weather changes on the canvas with amazing accuracy.
However, his thunderstorm is not threatening - in this composition, he is also a symbol of the joy of being. This, among other things, is indicated by human figures - people do not at all intend to run away from the impending one, they accept it, feeling themselves part of a huge multifaceted world.
2. Herd under the trees
From 1862 to 1865 Shishkin was in Europe, where he studied technique of Western masters of painting.
During this period, he worked most of all in Germany and Switzerland, where the artists of the Düsseldorf School made a strong impression on him. From them he adopted the experience of combining the landscape with images of animals. The famous painting “The Herd under the Trees” was painted just at that time.
1. Morning in a pine forest
This is probably the most famous painting by the great master. The painting is widely popular due to the compositional inclusion of details of an animalistic plot in the landscape.
“Morning in a Pine Forest” conveys as accurately as possible the state of nature that the painter saw on the island of Gorodomlya. It depicts not a gloomy dense forest, but the rays of the sun, briskly breaking through the branches of centuries-old trees.
Looking at this canvas, you can feel how the morning comes.
Interesting fact. There is a version that the idea of the painting belongs to the artist Savitsky, who eventually acted as a co-author of the work of art and painted the figures of the cubs, of course, according to Shishkin's sketches.
What else to see:
