As usual, Gedeonovsky was the first to bring the news of Lavretsky's return to the Kalitins' house. Maria Dmitrievna, the widow of the former provincial prosecutor, who at her fifty years of age retained a certain pleasantness in her features, favors him, and her house is one of the most pleasant in the city of O ... But Marfa Timofeevna Pestova, the seventy-year-old sister of Maria Dmitrievna's father, does not favor Gedeonovsky for his inclination to compose and talkativeness. But what to take - a priest, although a state adviser.

However, Marfa Timofeevna is generally tricky to please. After all, she does not favor Panshin either - everyone's favorite, an enviable groom, the first gentleman. Vladimir Nikolayevich plays the piano, composes romances in his own words, draws well, recites. He is quite a man of the world, educated and dexterous. In general, he is a Petersburg official special assignments, a chamber junker who arrived in O ... with some kind of task. He visits the Kalitins for the sake of Lisa, the nineteen-year-old daughter of Maria Dmitrievna. And it looks like his intentions are serious. But Marfa Timofeevna is sure: her favorite is not such a husband. The music teacher Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm, a middle-aged, unattractive and not very successful German, who is secretly in love with his student, puts Panshin and Lizin low.

The arrival of Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky from abroad is a notable event for the city. Its history passes from mouth to mouth. In Paris, he accidentally convicted his wife of treason. Moreover, after the breakup, the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna received scandalous European fame.

The inhabitants of the Kalitinsky house, however, did not think that he looked like a victim. It still exudes steppe health, long-lasting strength. Only in the eyes is visible fatigue.

In fact, Fedor Ivanovich is a strong breed. His great-grandfather was a tough, daring, smart and crafty man. The great-grandmother, a quick-tempered, vindictive gypsy, was in no way inferior to her husband. Grandfather Peter, however, was already a simple steppe gentleman. His son Ivan (father of Fyodor Ivanovich) was brought up, however, by a Frenchman, an admirer of Jean Jacques Rousseau: this was the order of the aunt with whom he lived. (His sister Glafira grew up with her parents.) Wisdom of the 18th century. the teacher poured into his head entirely, where she stayed, without mixing with blood, without penetrating into the soul.

Upon returning to his parents, Ivan felt dirty and wild in his own home. This did not prevent him from turning his attention to Matushka Malanya's maid, a very pretty, intelligent and meek girl. A scandal broke out: Ivan's father disinherited him, and ordered the girl to be sent to a distant village. Ivan Petrovich recaptured Malanya along the way and married her. Having attached a young wife to the relatives of the Pestovs, Dmitry Timofeevich and Marfa Timofeevna, he himself went to St. Petersburg, and then abroad. In the village of Pestovykh, Fedor was born on August 20, 1807. Almost a year passed before Malanya Sergeevna was able to appear with her son at the Lavretskys. And even then only because Ivan's mother, before her death, asked for the stern Peter Andreevich for her son and daughter-in-law.

The happy father of the baby finally returned to Russia only after twelve years. Malanya Sergeevna had died by this time, and the boy was brought up by his aunt Glafira Andreevna, ugly, envious, unkind and domineering. Fedya was taken away from her mother and handed over to Glafira during her lifetime. He did not see his mother every day and loved her passionately, but vaguely felt that between him and her there was an indestructible barrier. Aunt Fedya was afraid, he did not dare to utter a word in front of her.

Returning, Ivan Petrovich himself took up the upbringing of his son. I dressed him in Scottish fashion and hired him a porter. Gymnastics, natural sciences, international law, mathematics, carpentry and heraldry formed the core of the educational system. They woke up the boy at four in the morning; doused with cold water, forced to run around the pole on a rope; fed once a day; taught to ride and shoot with a crossbow. When Fedya was sixteen years old, his father began to instill in him contempt for women.

A few years later, having buried his father, Lavretsky went to Moscow and entered the university at the age of twenty-three. A strange upbringing has paid off. He did not know how to get along with people, he did not dare to look a single woman in the eye. He got along only with Mikhalevich, an enthusiast and a poet. It was this Mikhalevich who introduced his friend to the family of the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna Korobyina. A twenty-six-year-old child only now understood what it was worth living for. Varenka was charming, intelligent and well educated, she could talk about the theater and played the piano.

Six months later, the young arrived in Lavriki. The university was abandoned (not to marry a student), and the happy life. Glafira was removed, and General Korobin, Varvara Pavlovna's father, arrived in the place of the steward; and the couple drove off to Petersburg, where they had a son, who soon died. On the advice of doctors, they went abroad and settled in Paris. Varvara Pavlovna instantly settled down here and began to shine in society. Soon, however, a love note fell into Lavretsky's hands, addressed to his wife, whom he so blindly trusted. At first he was seized with rage, a desire to kill both (“my great-grandfather hung men by the ribs”), but then, having disposed of a letter about the annual allowance to his wife and about the departure of General Korobin from the estate, he went to Italy. Newspapers circulated bad rumors about his wife. From them he learned that he had a daughter. There was indifference to everything. And yet, after four years, I wanted to return home, to the city of O ..., but to settle in Lavriky, where he and Varya spent the first happy Days he didn't want to.

Lisa from the first meeting attracted his attention. He also noticed Panshin near her. Maria Dmitrievna did not hide the fact that the chamber junker was crazy about her daughter. Marfa Timofeevna, however, still believed that Lisa would not be with Panshin.

In Vasilyevsky Lavretsky examined the house, the garden with the pond: the estate had managed to run wild. The silence of a leisurely solitary life surrounded him. And what strength, what health was in this inactive silence. The days passed monotonously, but he did not get bored: he did housework, rode horseback, read.

About three weeks later I went to O ... to the Kalitins. Lemma found them. In the evening, going to see him off, I stayed with him. The old man was touched and admitted that he writes music, played and sang something.

In Vasilyevsky, the conversation about poetry and music imperceptibly turned into a conversation about Liza and Panshin. Lemm was categorical: she does not love him, she simply obeys her mother. Liza can love one beautiful thing, but he is not beautiful, i.e. his soul is not beautiful

Lisa and Lavretsky trusted each other more and more. Not without embarrassment, she once asked about the reasons for his break with his wife: how can one tear apart what God has united? You must forgive. She is sure that it is necessary to forgive and submit. This was taught to her in childhood by her nanny Agafya, who told the life of the most pure virgin, the lives of saints and hermits, who took her to church. Her own example brought up humility, meekness and a sense of duty.

Suddenly, Mikhalevich appeared in Vasilyevsky. He grew old, it was clear that he was not succeeding, but he spoke as passionately as in his youth, read his own poems: "... And I burned everything that I worshiped, / Bowed to everything that I burned."

Then the friends argued long and loudly, disturbing Lemm, who continued to visit. You can't just want happiness in life. It means to build on sand. Faith is needed, and without it Lavretsky is a miserable Voltairian. No faith - no revelation, no understanding of what to do. It needs a pure, unearthly being who will pull him out of his apathy.

After Mikhalevich, the Kalitins arrived in Vasilyevskoye. The days passed happily and carefree. “I talk to her as if I were not an obsolete person,” Lavretsky thought about Liza. Seeing off their carriage on horseback, he asked: “Are we friends now? ..” She nodded in response.

The next evening, looking through French magazines and newspapers, Fyodor Ivanovich came across a message about the sudden death of the queen of fashionable Parisian salons, Madame Lavretskaya. The next morning he was at the Kalitins'. "What's wrong with you?" Lisa asked. He gave her the text of the message. Now he is free. “You don’t have to think about that now, but about forgiveness ...” she objected, and at the end of the conversation she repaid the same confidence: Panshin asks for her hand. She is not at all in love with him, but is ready to obey her mother. Lavretsky begged Liza to think about not marrying without love, out of a sense of duty. That same evening, Lisa asked Panshin not to rush her with an answer and informed Lavretsky about this. All the following days a secret anxiety was felt in her, as if she even avoided Lavretsky. And he was also alarmed by the lack of confirmation of the death of his wife. Yes, and Lisa, when asked if she decided to give an answer to Panshin, said that she knew nothing. Doesn't know herself.

One summer evening in the living room, Panshin began to reproach the newest generation, saying that Russia had lagged behind Europe (we didn’t even invent mousetraps). He spoke beautifully, but with secret bitterness. Lavretsky unexpectedly began to object and defeated the enemy, proving the impossibility of leaps and arrogant alterations, demanded recognition of the people's truth and humility before it. The irritated Panshin exclaimed; what does he intend to do? Plow the land and try to plow it as best as possible.

Liza was on Lavretsky's side throughout the argument. The secular official's contempt for Russia offended her. Both of them realized that they loved and did not love the same thing, but differed only in one, but Lisa secretly hoped to lead him to God. The embarrassment of the last days is gone.

Everyone dispersed little by little, and Lavretsky quietly went out into the night garden and sat down on a bench. There was light in the lower windows. It was Lisa walking with a candle in her hand. He quietly called her and, seating her under the lindens, said: "... It brought me here ... I love you."

Returning through the sleeping streets, full of joyful feeling, he heard the wondrous sounds of music. He turned to where they came from and called: Lemme! The old man appeared at the window and, recognizing him, threw down the key. Lavretsky had not heard anything like this for a long time. He came up and hugged the old man. He paused, then smiled and cried: "I did this, for I am a great musician."

The next day Lavretsky went to Vasilyevskoye and returned to the city in the evening. In the hallway he was greeted by the smell of strong perfumes, trunks stood right there. Crossing the threshold of the living room, he saw his wife. Inconsistently and verbosely, she began to beg to forgive her, if only for the sake of her daughter, who was not guilty of anything before him: Ada, ask your father with me. He invited her to settle in Lavriky, but never count on a resumption of relations. Varvara Pavlovna was humility itself, but on the same day she visited the Kalitins. Lisa and Panshin's final explanation had already taken place there. Maria Dmitrievna was in despair. Varvara Pavlovna managed to occupy, and then arrange her in her favor, hinted that Fyodor Ivanovich had not completely deprived her of "his presence." Lisa received a note from Lavretsky, and the meeting with his wife was not a surprise for her (“It Serves Me Right”). She was stoic in the presence of a woman whom "he" had once loved.

Panshin appeared. Varvara Pavlovna immediately found a tone with him. She sang a romance, talked about literature, about Paris, engaged in half-secular, half-artistic chatter. Parting, Maria Dmitrievna expressed her readiness to try to reconcile her with her husband.

Lavretsky reappeared at the Kalitinsky house when he received a note from Liza with an invitation to visit them. He immediately went up to Marfa Timofeevna. She found an excuse to leave them alone with Lisa. The girl came to say that they had to do their duty. Fyodor Ivanovich must make peace with his wife. Doesn't he see for himself now: happiness does not depend on people, but on God.

When Lavretsky went downstairs, the footman invited him to Marya Dmitrievna. She spoke about the repentance of his wife, asked to forgive her, and then, offering to take her from hand to hand, led Varvara Pavlovna out from behind the screen. Requests and already familiar scenes were repeated. Lavretsky finally promised that he would live with her under the same roof, but would consider the contract violated if she allowed herself to leave Lavrikov.

The next morning he took his wife and daughter to Lavriki and left for Moscow a week later. A day later, Panshin visited Varvara Pavlovna and stayed for three days.

A year later, the news reached Lavretsky that Liza had taken her hair in a monastery in one of the remote regions of Russia. After some time he visited this monastery. Liza walked close to him - and did not look, only her eyelashes trembled a little and the fingers holding the rosary clenched even more tightly.

And Varvara Pavlovna very soon moved to St. Petersburg, then to Paris. A new suitor appeared beside her, a guard of extraordinary strength. She never invites him to her fashionable evenings, but otherwise he enjoys her favor completely.

Eight years have passed. Lavretsky again visited O... The elder inhabitants of the Kalitinsky house had already died, and the youth reigned here: Lisa's younger sister, Lenochka, and her fiancé. It was fun and noisy. Fyodor Ivanovich walked through all the rooms. The same piano stood in the living room, the same hoop stood by the window as then. Only the wallpaper was different.

In the garden he saw the same bench and walked along the same alley. His sadness was agonizing, although he was already making that turning point, without which it is impossible to remain a decent person: he stopped thinking about his own happiness.

retold

Turgenev introduces the reader to the main actors"The Nest of Nobles" and describes in detail the inhabitants and guests of the house of Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina, the widow of the provincial prosecutor, who lives in the city of O. with two daughters, the eldest of whom, Lisa, is nineteen years old. More often than others, Marya Dmitrievna visits the St. Petersburg official Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin, who has fallen into country town according to government needs. Panshin is young, dexterous, moves up the career ladder with incredible speed, while he sings well, draws and looks after Lisa Kalitina Bilinkis N.S., Gorelik T.P. " Noble Nest Turgenev and the 60s of the XIX century in Russia // Scientific reports of higher education. Philological Sciences. - M.: 2001. - No. 2, S.29-37..

The appearance of the protagonist of the novel, Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky, who is distantly related to Marya Dmitrievna, is preceded by a brief background. Lavretsky is a deceived husband, he is forced to leave his wife because of her immoral behavior. The wife remains in Paris, Lavretsky returns to Russia, ends up in the Kalitins' house and imperceptibly falls in love with Lisa.

Dostoevsky in "The Noble Nest" devotes a lot of space to the theme of love, because this feeling helps to highlight everything best qualities heroes, to see the main thing in their characters, to understand their soul. Love is depicted by Turgenev as the most beautiful, bright and pure feeling that awakens all the best in people. In this novel, as in no other novel by Turgenev, the most touching, romantic, sublime pages are devoted to the love of heroes.

The love of Lavretsky and Liza Kalitina does not manifest itself immediately, it approaches them gradually, through many reflections and doubts, and then suddenly falls upon them with its irresistible force. Lavretsky, who has experienced a lot in his lifetime: hobbies, disappointments, and the loss of all life goals, at first simply admires Liza, her innocence, purity, spontaneity, sincerity - all those qualities that Varvara Pavlovna, the hypocritical, depraved wife of Lavretsky, lacks who abandoned him. Lisa is close to him in spirit: “It sometimes happens that two people who are already familiar, but not close to each other, suddenly and quickly approach each other within a few moments, and the consciousness of this rapprochement is immediately expressed in their views, in their friendly and quiet smiles, in themselves their movements" Turgenev I.S. Noble Nest. - M.: Publisher: Children's Literature, 2002. - 237 p. This is exactly what happened to Lavretsky and Lisa.

They talk a lot and realize that they have a lot in common. Lavretsky takes life, other people, Russia seriously, Lisa is also a deep and strong girl who has her own ideals and beliefs. According to Lemm, Liza's music teacher, she is "a fair, serious girl with lofty feelings." Lisa is courted by a young man, a city official with a bright future. Lisa's mother would be glad to give her in marriage to him, she considers this a great match for Lisa. But Lisa cannot love him, she feels falseness in his attitude towards her, Panshin is a superficial person, he appreciates external brilliance in people, and not the depth of feelings. Further events of the novel confirm this opinion about Panshin.

From a French newspaper, he learns about the death of his wife, this gives him hope for happiness. The first climax comes - Lavretsky in the night garden confesses his love to Liza and finds out that he is loved. However, the day after the confession, Lavretsky's wife, Varvara Pavlovna, returns from Paris. The news of her death turned out to be false. This second climax of the novel, as it were, opposes the first: the first gives the characters hope, the second takes it away. The denouement comes - Varvara Pavlovna settles in the family estate of Lavretsky, Lisa goes to the monastery, Lavretsky is left with nothing.

The main character of the novel is Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky, a nobleman who has many of the features of Turgenev himself. Brought up remotely from his father's home, the son of an Anglophile father and a mother who died in his early childhood, Lavretsky is brought up in a family country estate by a cruel aunt. Often critics looked for the basis for this part of the plot in the childhood of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev himself, who was raised by his mother, known for her cruelty.

Lavretsky continues his education in Moscow, and while visiting the opera, he notices a beautiful girl in one of the boxes. Her name is Varvara Pavlovna, and now Fyodor Lavretsky declares his love for her and asks for her hand in marriage. The couple marries and the newlyweds move to Paris. There, Varvara Pavlovna becomes a very popular salon owner and starts an affair with one of her regular guests. Lavretsky learns about his wife's affair with another only at the moment when he accidentally reads a note written from a lover to Varvara Pavlovna. Shocked by the betrayal of a loved one, he breaks all contact with her and returns to his family estate, where he was raised.

Upon returning home to Russia, Lavretsky visits his cousin, Maria Dmitrievna Kalitina, who lives with her two daughters, Liza and Lenochka. Lavretsky immediately becomes interested in Lisa, whose serious nature and sincere devotion to the Orthodox faith give her great moral superiority, strikingly different from the coquettish behavior of Varvara Pavlovna, to which Lavretsky was so accustomed. Gradually, Lavretsky realizes that he is deeply in love with Lisa and, having read a message in a foreign magazine that Varvara Pavlovna has died, declares his love to Lisa. He learns that his feelings are not unrequited - Lisa also loves him.

Upon learning of the sudden appearance of the living Varvara Pavlovna, Lisa decides to leave for a remote monastery and lives out the rest of her days as a monk. The novel ends with an epilogue, which takes place eight years later, from which it also becomes known that Lavretsky returns to Lisa's house, where her grown-up sister Elena has settled. There he, after the past years, despite many changes in the house, sees the living room, where he often met with his girlfriend, sees the piano and the garden in front of the house, which he remembered so much because of his communication with Lisa. Lavretsky lives by his memories and sees some meaning and even beauty in his personal tragedy. After his thoughts, the hero leaves back to his home.

Later, Lavretsky visits Liza in the monastery, seeing her in those brief moments when she appears for moments between services.

Turgenev's novel "The Nest of Nobles" was written in 1858, published in January 1859 in the Sovremennik magazine. Immediately after publication, the novel gained great popularity in society, since the author touched upon deep social problems. The book is based on Turgenev's reflections on the fate of the Russian nobility.

Main characters

Lavretsky Fedor Ivanovich- a rich landowner, an honest and decent person.

Varvara Pavlovna- Lavretsky's wife, a two-faced and prudent person.

Liza Kalitina- the eldest daughter of Marya Dmitrievna, a pure and deeply decent girl.

Other characters

Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina- a widow, a sensitive woman.

Marfa Timofeevna Pestova- Maria Dmitrievna's aunt, an honest and independent woman.

Lena Kalitina- the youngest daughter of Marya Dmitrievna.

Sergei Petrovich Gedeonovsky- State Councilor, friend of the Kalitin family

Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin- a handsome young man, an official.

Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm- the old music teacher of the Kalitin sisters, a German.

Ada- daughter of Varvara Pavlovna and Fyodor Ivanovich.

Chapters I-III

On "one of the extreme streets of the provincial city of O ..." is located beautiful house, where Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina lives - a pretty widow who "was easily irritated and even cried when her habits were violated." Her son is brought up in one of the best educational institutions in St. Petersburg, and two daughters live with her.

Marya Dmitrievna's company is made up of her aunt, her father's sister, Marfa Timofeevna Pestova, who "had an independent disposition, told everyone the truth in the eye."

Sergei Petrovich Gedeonovsky - good friend family Kalitins - says that Lavretsky Fedor Ivanovich returned to the city, whom he "personally saw."

Because of some ugly story with his wife, the young man was forced to leave hometown and go abroad. But now he has returned and, according to Gedeonovsky, has become even better looking - “they have become even wider in the shoulders, and the blush is all over the cheek.”

A handsome young rider on a hot horse famously gallops to the Kalitins' house. Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin easily pacifies the zealous stallion and allows Lena to pet him. He and Lisa appear in the living room at the same time - "a slender, tall, black-haired girl of about nineteen."

Chapters IV-VII

Panshin is a brilliant young official, spoiled by attention secular society, who very quickly "became known as one of the most amiable and dexterous young people in St. Petersburg." He was sent to the town of O. on business, and in the Kalitins' house he managed to become his man.

Panshin performs his new romance to those present, which they find delightful. Meanwhile, the old music teacher, Monsieur Lemm, comes to the Kalitins. His whole appearance shows that Panshin's music made no impression on him.

Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm was born into a family of poor musicians, and at the age of "he was orphaned at the age of eight, and from ten he began to earn a piece of bread for his art." He traveled a lot, wrote beautiful music, but he could not become famous. Fearing poverty, Lemm agreed to lead the orchestra of a Russian gentleman. So he ended up in Russia, where he firmly settled. Khristofor Fedorovich "alone, with an old cook he took from the almshouse" lives in a small house, earning a living by private music lessons.

Liza escorts Lemm to the porch, after finishing his lesson, where she meets a tall, stately stranger. It turns out to be Fyodor Lavretsky, whom Lisa did not recognize after an eight-year separation. Marya Dmitrievna joyfully greets the guest and introduces him to all present.

Leaving the Kalitins' house, Panshin declares his love to Liza.

Chapters VIII-XI

Fyodor Ivanovich "descended from an ancient noble tribe." His father, Ivan Lavretsky, fell in love with a courtyard girl and married her. Having received a diplomatic post, he went to London, from where he learned about the birth of his son Fyodor.

Ivan's parents softened their anger, reconciled with their son and took into the house a rootless daughter-in-law with a one-year-old son. After the death of the old people, the master almost did not take care of the household, and his elder sister Glafira, an arrogant and imperious old maid, managed the house.

Having come to grips with raising his son, Ivan Lavretsky set himself the goal of making a real Spartan out of a frail, lazy boy. He was awakened at 4 o'clock in the morning, doused with cold water, forced to do gymnastics intensively, and limited in food. Such measures had a positive effect on Fedor's health - "at first he caught a fever, but soon recovered and became a fine fellow."

Fedor's adolescence passed under the constant yoke of a despotic father. Only at the age of 23, after the death of a parent, the young man was able to breathe deeply.

Chapters XII-XVI

Young Lavretsky, fully aware of the "deficiencies of his upbringing", went to Moscow and entered the university in the department of physics and mathematics.

The unsystematic and contradictory upbringing of his father played a cruel joke on Fedor: “he didn’t know how to get along with people”, “he didn’t dare to look a single woman in the eye”, “didn’t know much that every high school student has known for a long time”.

At the university, the closed and unsociable Lavretsky made friends with the student Mikhalevich, who introduced him to the daughter of a retired general, Varvara Korobina.

The girl's father, a major general, after an ugly story with the waste of state money, was forced to move with his family from St. Petersburg to "Moscow for cheap bread." By that time, Varvara had managed to graduate from the Institute for Noble Maidens, where she was known as the best student. She adored the theater, often tried to attend performances, where Fedor saw her for the first time.

The girl charmed Lavretsky so much that “six months later, he explained himself to Varvara Pavlovna and offered her his hand.” She agreed, because she knew that her fiancé was rich and noble.

The first days after the wedding, Fedor "fell in bliss, reveled in happiness." Varvara Pavlovna skillfully survived Glafira from her own house, and the empty place of the manager of the estate was immediately occupied by her father, who dreamed of throwing his hands into the estate of a rich son-in-law.

Having moved to St. Petersburg, the newlyweds "traveled and received a lot, gave the most charming musical and dance parties", at which Varvara Pavlovna shone in all her splendor.

After the death of their firstborn, the couple, on the advice of doctors, went to the waters, then to Paris, where Lavretsky accidentally found out about his wife's infidelity. The betrayal of a loved one greatly crippled him, but he found the strength to tear out the image of Barbara from his heart. The news of the birth of his daughter did not soften him either. Having appointed the traitor a decent annual allowance, he broke off any relationship with her.

Fedor "was not born a sufferer", and four years later he returned to his homeland.

XVII-XXI

Lavretsky comes to the Kalitins to say goodbye before leaving. Upon learning that Lisa is heading to church, she asks to pray for him. From Marfa Timofeevna, he learns that Panshin is courting Liza, and the girl's mother is not against this union.

Arriving in Vasilyevskoye, Fyodor Ivanovich notes that severe desolation reigns in the house and in the yard, and after the death of Aunt Glafira nothing has changed here.

The servants are perplexed why the master decided to settle in Vasilyevsky, and not in rich Lavriky. However, Fedor is not able to live on the estate, where everything reminds him of his past marital happiness. Within two weeks, Lavretsky put the house in order, acquired "everything he needed and began to live - either as a landowner, or as a hermit."

Some time later, he visits the Kalitins, where he makes friends with old Lemm. Fedor, who "passionately loved music, practical, classical music", shows a sincere interest in the musician and invites him to stay for a little while.

Chapters XXII-XXVIII

On the way to Vasilyevskoye, Fyodor suggests that Lemm compose an opera, to which the old man replies that he is too old for that.

Over morning tea, Lavretsky informs the German that he will still have to write a solemn cantata in honor of the upcoming "marriage of Mr. Panshin with Liza." Lemm does not hide his annoyance, because he is sure that the young official is not worthy of such a wonderful girl as Lisa.

Fedor proposes to invite the Kalitins to Vasilyevskoye, to which Lemm agrees, but only without Mr. Panshin.

Lavretsky conveys his invitation, and, taking advantage of the opportunity, remains alone with Liza. The girl is “afraid to make him angry”, but, having plucked up courage, she asks about the reasons for parting with her wife. Fedor tries to explain to her the whole baseness of Barbara's act, to which Lisa replies that he must certainly forgive her and forget about treason.

Two days later, Marya Dmitrievna and her daughters come to visit Fyodor. The widow considers her visit "a sign of great indulgence, almost a kind deed." On the occasion of the arrival of his favorite student, Lisa, Lemm composes a romance, but the music turns out to be "tangled and unpleasantly tense", which greatly upsets the old man.

By evening, they are going to "fish with the whole society." At the pond, Fyodor is talking with Liza. He feels "the need to talk to Lisa, to tell her everything that came into his soul." This surprises him, because before that he considered himself a finished man.

With the onset of dusk, Marya Dmitrievna is going home. Fedor volunteers to see his guests off. On the way, he continues to talk with Liza, and they part as friends. During the evening reading, Lavretsky notices “in a feuilleton of one of the newspapers” a message about the death of his wife.

Lemme going home. Fyodor goes with him and stops by the Kalitins, where he secretly hands over a magazine with an obituary to Lisa. He whispers to the girl that he will pay a visit tomorrow.

Chapters XXIX-XXXII

The next day, Marya Dmitrievna meets Lavretsky with poorly concealed irritation - she does not like him, and Pashin speaks of him not at all flattering.

During a walk along the alley, Lisa is interested in how Fedor reacted to the death of his wife, to which he honestly replies that he was practically not upset. He hints to the girl that acquaintance with her has touched deeply dormant strings in him.

Lisa admits that she received a letter from Pashin with a marriage proposal. She doesn't know what to say because she doesn't love him at all. Lavretsky begs the girl not to rush to answer and not to rob "the best, only happiness on earth" - to love and be loved.

In the evening, Fedor again goes to the Kalitins to find out about Lisa's decision. The girl informs him that she did not give Panshin a definite answer.

Being an adult, mature person, Lavretsky is aware that he is in love with Lisa, but "this conviction did not bring him much joy." He does not dare to hope for the reciprocity of the girl. In addition, he is tormented by the painful expectation of official news of the death of his wife.

Chapters XXXIII-XXXVII

In the evening at the Kalitins', Panshina begins to talk at length about "how he would turn everything in his own way if he had power in his hands." He considers Russia a backward country that should learn from Europe. Lavretsky deftly and confidently smashes all the arguments of his opponent. Fyodor is supported in everything by Liza, since Panshin's theories frighten her.

A declaration of love takes place between Lavretsky and Lisa. Fedor does not believe his luck. He goes to the sounds of unusually beautiful music, and learns that it is Lemm playing his work.

The day after the declaration of love, the happy Lavretsky comes to the Kalitins, but for the first time he is not received. He returns home and sees a woman in a "black silk dress with flounces", whom he recognizes with horror as his wife Varvara.

With tears in her eyes, her husband asks him for forgiveness, promising to "sever all connection with the past." However, Lavretsky does not believe Varvara's feigned tears. Then the woman begins to manipulate Fedor, appealing to his fatherly feelings and showing him his daughter Ada.

In complete confusion, Lavretsky wanders the streets and comes to Lemm. Through the musician, he sends a note to Liza with a message about the unexpected "resurrection" of his wife and asks for a date. The girl replies that she can only meet him the next day.

Fedor returns home and can hardly endure a conversation with his wife, after which he leaves for Vasilyevskoye. Varvara Pavlovna, having learned that Lavretsky visited the Kalitins every day, goes to visit them.

Chapters XXXVIII-XL

On the day Varvara Pavlovna returns, Liza has a painful explanation for her with Panshin. She refuses an enviable groom, which greatly upsets her mother.

Marfa Timofeevna enters Lisa's room and declares that she knows everything about a night walk with a certain young man. Liza admits that she loves Lavretsky, and no one stands in the way of their happiness, since his wife is dead.

At the reception with the Kalitins, Varvara Pavlovna manages to charm Marya Dmitrievna with stories about Paris and appease her with a bottle of fashionable perfume.

Upon learning of the arrival of Fyodor Petrovich's wife, Liza is sure that this is a punishment for all her "criminal hopes". The sudden change in fate shocks her, but she "she didn't even shed a tear."

Marfa Timofeevna manages to quickly see through the deceitful and vicious nature of Varvara Pavlovna. She takes Lisa to her room and cries for a long time, kissing her hands.

Panshin arrives for supper, and Varvara Pavlovna, who had been bored, instantly perks up. She charms a young man during a joint performance of a romance. And even Liza, "to whom he offered his hand the day before, disappeared as if in a fog."

Varvara Pavlovna does not hesitate to try her charms even on the old man Gedeonovsky, in order to finally win the place of the first beauty in the district town.

Chapters XLI-XLV

Lavretsky finds no place for himself in the countryside, tormented by "constant, impetuous and impotent impulses." He understands that everything is over, and the last timid hope of happiness has slipped away forever. Fedor tries to pull himself together and submit to fate. He harnesses the tarantass and goes to the city.

Learning that Varvara Pavlovna went to the Kalitins, he hurries there. Climbing up the back stairs to Marfa Timofeyevna, he asks her to see Liza. The unhappy girl begs him to reconcile with his wife for the sake of her daughter. Parting forever, Fedor asks to give him a handkerchief as a keepsake. A footman enters and conveys to Lavretsky Marya Dmitrievna's request to visit her urgently.

Kalitina, with tears in her eyes, begs Fyodor Ivanovich to forgive his wife and bring Varvara Petrovna out from behind the screen. However, Lavretsky is implacable. He sets a condition for his wife - she must live without a break in Lavriky, and he will observe all external propriety. If Varvara Petrovna leaves the estate, this contract can be considered terminated.

Hoping to see Lisa, Fyodor Ivanovich goes to church. The girl does not want to talk about anything with him, and asks to leave her. The Lavretskys go to the estate, and Varvara Pavlovna swears to her husband to live in peace in the wilderness for the sake of a happy future for her daughter.

Fyodor Ivanovich leaves for Moscow, and the very next day after leaving, Panshin appears in Lavriky, “whom Varvara Pavlovna asked not to forget her in solitude.”

Liza, despite the pleas of her relatives, makes a firm decision to go to the monastery. Meanwhile, Varvara Pavlovna, having "stocked up on money", moves to St. Petersburg and completely subjugates Panshin to her will. A year later, Lavretsky learns that "Lisa got her hair cut in the B ... ... M monastery, in one of the most remote regions of Russia."

Epilogue

After eight years, Panshin successfully built a career, but never married. Varvara Pavlovna, having moved to Paris, "has gotten older and fatter, but is still sweet and graceful." The number of her fans has noticeably decreased, and she completely devoted herself to a new hobby - the theater. Fedor Ivanovich became an excellent master, and managed to do a lot for his peasants.

Marfa Timofeevna and Marya Dmitrievna died long ago, but the Kalitins' house was not empty. He even "as if rejuvenated" when carefree, flourishing youth settled in him. The grown-up Lenochka was going to get married, her brother arrived from St. Petersburg with a young wife and her sister.

One day, the aged Lavretsky visits the Kalitins. He wanders for a long time in the garden, and he is filled with "a feeling of living sadness about the disappeared youth, about the happiness that he once possessed."

Lavretsky nevertheless finds a remote monastery in which Lisa hid from everyone. She walks past him without looking up. Only by the movement of her eyelashes and the clenched fingers can one understand that she recognized Fyodor Ivanovich.

Conclusion

In the center of the novel by I. S. Turgenev is history tragic love Fedor and Lisa. The impossibility of personal happiness, the collapse of their bright hopes echoes the social collapse of the Russian nobility.

A brief retelling of the "Noble Nest" will be useful for reader's diary and in preparation for a literature lesson.

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Having just published the novel Rudin in the January and February volumes of Sovremennik for 1856, Turgenev conceives a new novel. On the cover of the first notebook with the autograph of "The Noble Nest" it is written: "The Noble Nest", a story by Ivan Turgenev, was conceived at the beginning of 1856; for a long time he did not take her for a very long time, kept turning her over in his head; began to develop it in the summer of 1858 in Spasskoye. Finished on Monday, October 27, 1858 at Spasskoye. The last corrections were made by the author in mid-December 1858, and in the January issue of Sovremennik for 1959, The Noble Nest was published. The "Nest of Nobles" in general mood seems very far from Turgenev's first novel. In the center of the work is a deeply personal and tragic story, the love story of Lisa and Lavretsky. The heroes meet, they develop sympathy for each other, then love, they are afraid to admit this to themselves, because Lavretsky is bound by marriage. In a short time, Liza and Lavretsky experience both hope for happiness and despair - with the consciousness of its impossibility. The heroes of the novel are looking for answers, first of all, to the questions that their fate puts before them - about personal happiness, about duty to loved ones, about self-denial, about their place in life. The spirit of discussion was present in Turgenev's first novel. The heroes of "Rudin" solved philosophical questions, the truth was born in them in a dispute.

The heroes of "The Noble Nest" are restrained and laconic, Lisa is one of the most silent Turgenev heroines. But the inner life of the heroes is no less intense, and the work of thought is carried out tirelessly in search of truth - only almost without words. They peer, listen, ponder the life around them and their own, with a desire to understand it. Lavretsky in Vasilyevsky “as if listening to the flow quiet life that surrounded him." And at the decisive moment, Lavretsky again and again "began to look into his own life." The poetry of contemplation of life emanates from the "Noble Nest". Of course, the personal mood of Turgenev in 1856-1858 affected the tone of this Turgenev novel. Turgenev's contemplation of the novel coincided with a turning point in his life, with a mental crisis. Turgenev was then about forty years old. But it is known that the feeling of aging came to him very early, and now he is already saying that “not only the first and second - the third youth has passed.” He has a sad consciousness that life did not work out, that it is too late to count on happiness for himself, that the “time of flowering” has passed. Far from the beloved woman - Pauline Viardot - there is no happiness, but existence near her family, in his words, - "on the edge of someone else's nest", in a foreign land - is painful. Turgenev's own tragic perception of love was also reflected in The Nest of Nobles. This is accompanied by reflections on the writer's fate. Turgenev reproaches himself for the unreasonable waste of time, lack of professionalism. Hence the author's irony in relation to Panshin's dilettantism in the novel - this was preceded by a streak of severe condemnation by Turgenev of himself. The questions that worried Turgenev in 1856-1858 predetermined the range of problems posed in the novel, but there they naturally appear in a different light. “I am now busy with another, great story, the main face of which is a girl, a religious being, I was brought to this face by observations of Russian life,” he wrote to E. E. Lambert on December 22, 1857 from Rome. In general, questions of religion were far from Turgenev. No mental crisis moral quest they didn’t lead him to faith, didn’t make him deeply religious, he comes to the depiction of a “religious being” in a different way, the urgent need to comprehend this phenomenon of Russian life is connected with the solution of a wider range of issues.

In the "Nest of Nobles" Turgenev is interested in topical issues modern life, here it exactly upstream of the river reaches its source. Therefore, the heroes of the novel are shown with their “roots”, with the soil on which they grew up. Chapter thirty-five begins with Lisa's upbringing. The girl did not have spiritual intimacy either with her parents or with a French governess, she was brought up, like Pushkin's Tatyana, under the influence of her nanny, Agafya. The story of Agafya, who twice in her life was marked by lordly attention, who twice suffered disgrace and resigned herself to fate, could make up a whole story. The author introduced the story of Agafya on the advice of the critic Annenkov - otherwise, according to the latter, the end of the novel, Liza's departure to the monastery, was incomprehensible. Turgenev showed how, under the influence of Agafya's severe asceticism and the peculiar poetry of her speeches, Lisa's strict spiritual world was formed. The religious humility of Agafya brought up in Liza the beginning of forgiveness, resignation to fate and self-denial of happiness.

In the image of Liza, the freedom of view, the breadth of perception of life, the veracity of her image affected. By nature, nothing was more alien to the author himself than religious self-denial, the rejection of human joys. Turgenev was inherent in the ability to enjoy life in its most diverse manifestations. He subtly feels beauty, feels joy both from the natural beauty of nature and from exquisite creations of art. But most of all he knew how to feel and convey the beauty of the human person, if not close to him, but whole and perfect. And therefore, the image of Lisa is fanned with such tenderness. Like Pushkin's Tatyana, Lisa is one of those heroines of Russian literature who find it easier to give up happiness than to cause suffering to another person. Lavretsky is a man with "roots" going back to the past. No wonder his genealogy is told from the beginning - from the 15th century. But Lavretsky is not only a hereditary nobleman, he is also the son of a peasant woman. He never forgets this, he feels “peasant” features in himself, and those around him are surprised at his extraordinary physical strength. Marfa Timofeevna, Lisa's aunt, admired his heroism, and Lisa's mother, Marya Dmitrievna, censured Lavretsky's lack of refined manners. The hero, both by origin and personal qualities, is close to the people. But at the same time, the formation of his personality was influenced by Voltairianism, his father's Anglomania, and Russian university education. Even the physical strength of Lavretsky is not only natural, but also the fruit of the upbringing of the Swiss tutor.

In this detailed prehistory of Lavretsky, the author is interested not only in the ancestors of the hero, in the story of several generations of Lavretsky, the complexity of Russian life, the Russian historical process, is also reflected. The dispute between Panshin and Lavretsky is deeply significant. It arises in the evening, in the hours preceding the explanation of Lisa and Lavretsky. And it is not for nothing that this dispute is woven into the most lyrical pages of the novel. For Turgenev, personal destinies, the moral quest of his heroes and their organic closeness to the people, their attitude towards them on “equals” are merged here.

Lavretsky proved to Panshin the impossibility of leaps and arrogant alterations from the height of bureaucratic self-awareness - alterations not justified by any knowledge native land, nor really faith in an ideal, even a negative one; cited his own upbringing as an example, demanded, first of all, the recognition of “people's truth and humility before it ...”. And he is looking for this popular truth. He does not accept Liza's religious self-denial with his soul, does not turn to faith as a consolation, but experiences a moral crisis. For Lavretsky, a meeting with a comrade from the university, Mikhalevich, who reproached him for selfishness and laziness, does not pass in vain. Renunciation still takes place, although not religious, - Lavretsky "really stopped thinking about his own happiness, about selfish goals." His communion with the people's truth is accomplished through the rejection of selfish desires and tireless work, which gives peace of mind to a fulfilled duty.

The novel brought Turgenev popularity in the widest circles of readers. According to Annenkov, “young writers starting their careers came to him one after another, brought their works and waited for his verdict...”. Turgenev himself recalled twenty years after the novel: "The Nest of Nobles" was the biggest success that ever fell to my lot. Since the appearance of this novel, I have been considered among the writers who deserve the attention of the public.