A single defining idea is the leading thought of the work. The idea of the work: the emergence, accumulation of material, structure, problem, hypothesis. Word definitions for concept in dictionaries

CONCEPT - 1. A system of views, a certain understanding of phenomena, processes, etc. 2. A single, defining idea, the leading thought of a certain work, scientific work, etc.

VONSOVSKY Sergey Vasilievich- VONSOVSKY Sergey Vasilievich (born 1910), theoretical physicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1966), Hero of Socialist Labor (1969). Chairman of the Presidium of the Ural Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1971-86). School founder...
Sechenov Ivan Mikhailovich- SECHENOV Ivan Mikhailovich (1829-1905), physiologist, corresponding member (1869), honorary member (1904) of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The founder of the physiological school. In the classic Reflexes of the Brain (1866)...
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH- LABOR SAFETY - a system of legislative acts, socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienic and therapeutic and preventive measures and means to ensure safety, preserve ...
INSPIRATION- INSPIRATION (English inspiration) - a sharp and unexpected rise in the spiritual forces of a person, observed in the process of creative work. V. is characterized by a deep and steady focus on the subject ...
1st aspect- The 1st aspect means the psychological substantiation of the need to include the concepts of model and modeling in the content of education. This need is due to the task of forming a scientific and theoretical ...
ABSTRACT- ABSTRACT summary content scientific work by the author himself.
CONCEPT (lat. conceptio)- CONCEPT (lat. conceptio) 1) an idea that determines the strategy of action in the implementation of reforms, projects, plans, programs; 2) a system of views on processes and phenomena in nature and in society.
OPPOSITION (lat. oppositio- OPPOSITION (Latin oppositio opposition) 1) opposition, resistance to whom l. actions, views, opposing their views, their policies to other views, other policies; 2) gr...
COLLECTION OF INSURANCE- INSURANCE FEE see INSURANCE FEE. COLLECTIONS under the legislation of the Russian Federation on copyright, composite works (encyclopedias, anthologies, databases, etc.), which are, by selection or distribution, ...
DETERMINATION (from lat. determinans- DETERMINATION (from lat. determinans defining) determinability. The general determinism of all processes taking place in the world, including human thinking, feeling and expression of will, means ...
DOCTRINE (lat. doctrina- DOCTRINE (lat. doctrina doctrine) a systematized political, ideological or philosophical doctrine, concept, set of principles. Often used when designating views with a touch of ch...
CONCEPT- CONCEPT (from lat. conceptio) a leading idea, a certain way of understanding, interpreting a phenomenon; sudden birth of an idea, osn. thought, artistic or other motive.
UNDERSTANDING- UNDERSTANDING 1) to have a correct concept about something. In psychology, the ability to comprehend the meaning and meaning of something and the result achieved due to this; 2) caused by external or internal influences...
TAYLORISM- TAYLORISM developed by Amer. engineer F. W. Taylor (1856-1915) a system of scientifically based production management. The task is to find it by studying the organization of working conditions and labor processes ...

Intention - this is the first stage of the creative process, the initial sketch of the future work. The idea has two sides: ideological(the supposed resolution of the problems and conflicts that agitated the writer) and plot(the author outlines the course of events in advance). However, the study creative history different works proves that the idea can change. For example, Lermontov intended to deploy the action of the "Demon" in Spain, and then transferred it to the Caucasus.

M.A. Vrubel. Demon sitting

Writer S. Zalygin explains the reason for the change in the idea: “First, I lead the characters, and then, having crossed halfway, I find myself in submission to them ... I have to take the beginning of the thing, because in its original form it does not correspond to the characters, the characters and actions developed only in the middle of the novel " . Changing the idea of the plot leads to a change in the ideological idea, which is associated with the worldview of the author, follows from the system of his ideals and ideas about the world. When the writer's worldview is characterized by contradictions, as was the case, for example, with Tolstoy And Balzac, then this affects the work, and the reader can draw conclusions that do not coincide with what the writer wanted to say. In this case, they say that there is a contradiction between the idea and execution, although in fact the contradiction is inherent in the final concept of the work.

A.N. Samokhvalov. Illustration for the novel "Anna Karenina". 1952

Intention literary work is, in fact, a synonym for the idea of the work: it is what drives the literary story, but not the characters with their problems. The idea of a work of art (novel), as a rule, contains several points of view, since the author expects to highlight his idea from different angles.

The idea of even a great writer does not always coincide with the perception of the work by the reader or the director of the play. by design Lev Tolstoy, the reader had to condemn Anna Karenina for betraying her husband, the destruction of her husband's family and career, and the reader pities and justifies Anna. by design Shakespeare, Hamlet is a fat man, a weakling and a dead man. Shakespeare focuses on appearance Hamlet, in order to emphasize certain - certainly, "lowering" the image - character traits of the protagonist. There is a note in the play: “Hamlet comes out, fat, with shortness of breath,” Gertrude says to Claudius during the duel between Hamlet and Laertes: “Our son is fat, he is suffocating.” However, these remarks are traditionally omitted in translations from Old English, in which the play is written, into most modern languages, because according to the ideas of the XIX century. and subsequent centuries, Hamlet's obesity did not fit into the romantic image, which, contrary to the author's intention, was given to the hero by the customers of the translations.

D.M. Dudnikov as Hamlet. 1938

V.S. Vysotsky as Hamlet. Performance of the Taganka Theatre. 1970

Innokenty Smoktunovsky as Hamlet

It is not surprising, therefore, that in the USSR Dudnikov, Smoktunovsky, Vysotsky played Hamlet; There is a serious interference and even ignorance of the author's intention regarding the image of the protagonist of the play.

*****

An alternative to the 2-year Higher Literary Courses and the Gorky Literary Institute in Moscow, where they study for 5 years full-time or 6 years in absentia, is the Likhachev School of Writing. In our school, the basics of writing skills are purposefully and practically taught for only 6-9 months, and even less at the request of the student. Come on in: spend just a little money, get state-of-the-art writing skills and get sensitive discounts on editing your manuscripts.

Instructors at the private Likhachev School of Writing will help you avoid self-harm. The school operates around the clock, seven days a week.

Having decided on the topic of the future work, the journalist begins to form his plan. S. I. Ozhegov defines the plan as “a conceived plan of action or activity, intention” . "The idea," says the literary dictionary, - the first stage of the creative process, the initial sketch of the future work. The idea has two sides: plot (the author outlines the course of events in advance) and ideological (the intended resolution of the problems and conflicts that agitated the author. ” In journalistic work, the main role of the original idea is to become a kind of “extra-artistic task, a general idea, defined theme figuratively formalized in the process artistic creativity» . Some ideas, for example, a response to a specific event, require prompt implementation The journalist, having determined the relevance of the event, immediately collects the relevant facts, and if they already exist, after clarifying some details, he sits down to write a note Other ideas require the accumulation of certain life material, its preliminary understanding, selection the most remarkable situations for revealing the problem, systematizing the available facts in order to form the final topic, a comprehensive study of the issue, etc.
Thus, the idea, anticipating all subsequent work of a journalist on a future work, is already on early stages creativity is a micromodel of this work. This stage is heuristic in nature, because it is directly related to the search original ideas, thoughts, images, details, life facts, etc. It is from these heterogeneous components of the idea that the future work arises. The idea is saturated with vital material so that a concrete work can grow out of it. Therefore, both writers and journalists
nalists pay serious attention to the accumulation of such material. L. N. Tolstoy wrote in his diary: “Yesterday I was walking along the pre-war black earth fallow. Until the eye takes a look, nothing but black earth - not a single green grass. And now, on the edge of the dusty, gray road, a Tatar bush (burr), three shoots: one is broken, and a white, polluted flower hangs; the other is broken and spattered with mud, black, the stem broken and soiled; the third shoot sticks out to the side, also black with dust, but still alive and reddening in the middle. Reminds me of Hadji Murad. I would like to write. He defends life to the last, and one among the whole field, at least somehow, defended it. work of art, that is, a detail noticed in life can form the basis of the plan. But most often this is not enough
If it is important for writers in the course of the formation of a concept to select the most typical and characteristic facts from life in order to create artistic image, then it is important for journalists to strictly follow the facts and adequately reflect reality. This is seen as the difference between the creative approaches to the formation of the idea of writers and journalists, although in many respects they are still similar.
Material accumulation
Observing the work of journalists, one can note the following: many ideas for future publications accumulate over the years. Here is what he said about his creative work Izvestia essay writer A. Vasinsky: “I will reveal the secret of my favorite trick. I borrowed it from Fellini. In one of the interviews, he said that since he feels like a creative person, he keeps a kind of bag with him. But not a real, canvas, but, as it were, a spiritual “bag”. And all the emerging ideas, images, observations - everything is ephemeral, ghostly, and while wandering in space, he puts it there. I really liked it, and I decided to get one for myself. Starting the next task, I put my hand into my “bag” and I will certainly find something interesting there.
Sometimes not only material in the media, but also a book can be born from life observations, if, of course, you collect information on a specific topic. In this sense, the experience of the browser is interesting. literary newspaper” L Grafova, about which her colleague I Gamayunov told: “I remember well how seven or maybe eight years ago she stopped her colleagues in the editorial corridors and asked them to answer the question “on the move”: what is the meaning of life? Some laughed it off, others, yielding to her insistence, answered, she wrote down. Then in her book “I live only once in my life...” there was a page with those answers. As a matter of fact, her entire essay book, populated by whatever people her journalistic roads brought her to, was an attempt to answer that question. Talking about her heroes, she peered into their actions, trying to understand what drives them. And, while telling, she made a small but significant discovery for herself and her readers: a person, without giving
self-report, every second it turns out to be in a state of choice. At first glance, everything is routine: go or stay; say or remain silent; accept or reject a false thought. But it is precisely from such trifles that fate is formed, one day pushing you into the epicenter of social drama. And everything that your soul has been made of turns into a moment of creativity. Or, conversely, destruction.
Here we see that the journalist did not just collect the initial life material for essays, he carefully looked at his future heroes, trying to see in their destinies both something common and individual. It is the totality of such observations that “charges” the author to implement a certain plan.
Thus, life observations, meetings with interesting people, reading literature, communicating with your readers, a sudden thought, a phrase you accidentally heard, and much more - all this is the source material, on the basis of which the idea of a particular work can be born. Therefore, it is no coincidence that many professionals keep notebooks in which they enter everything that, in their opinion, may be useful to them in their future work.
The technique of keeping records is very diverse: these are extracts from printed or other sources systematized according to certain thematic sections, and reflections on a particular topic, and notes in the margins, and sketches of the situation, and touches to a portrait of a person, and a record of a dialogue, addresses, a list of problems and issues that require separate consideration, and hypotheses about the development of a particular situation, etc. Facts drawn from life can push a journalist to certain thoughts, arouse interest in a particular topic or problem. At the same time, “an idea,” notes A. Bitov, “sometimes appears in one second. An intonation, or a random word, or someone's face. Then you start to feel it, you understand what it is about, a plot or semantic line is built. But for some reason you can't sit down. Then you reach a certain degree of despair, you sit down and find out that everything is completely different, everything goes awry. But when it is finally done, it turns out that this is exactly what was intended.
As we can see from this recognition, thought processes can sometimes proceed at an unconscious level and seem useless, interfering with work. But it is at the stage of conception that the outlines of the future work emerge.
Design structure
“The idea of a work,” writes E. P. Prokhorov, “in terms of its structure, should resemble a blueprint of a future work as an integrity in the unity of its theme, problem. The idea, in the deep sense of the word, is born, as it were, at the point of intersection of the publicist's social need, his civic aspiration, the phenomena of life that excite him, and the accumulated social experience. And further: “The journalist’s own experience, his knowledge, erudition, informed
ness and, in addition, the facts he found - these are the sources of the origin of the idea "
problematic side of the idea. In his book, EP Prokhorov raised the issue of the problematic side of the idea: “The problematic side of the idea is such knowledge of the object, in which there are“ voids ”, contradictory statements are acceptable, it is possible and even necessary to think about unknown connections and interactions, which in a new way illuminate the knowledge already gained. And when the thematic and problematic sides begin to stand out in the idea, and their collision gives rise to a hint at the ideological side of the future work, then the publicist has a question
about the "sufficiency" of his weapons.
theorists believe that the heuristic norm is the correct statement of the problem, which requires preliminary research or careful thought. Indeed, in any problem, a priori, there is a complete or partial ignorance of this or that situation that the journalist is faced with. and the selection from the concept of a specific problem begins
How can this process actually take place?
Let's imagine that a journalist decided to write a problematic article about homeless children. Let's assume that this idea arose after meeting with "difficult" teenagers.
Where should he start? From calls to the relevant authorities, from the study of some documents or from reading an editorial dossier on this issue? It is unlikely that such a search for information can be called effective, because in reality the journalist would be faced with a number of interrelated issues, each of which would require its own solution. In one case, this is the problem of “cuckoos” (children abandoned in maternity hospitals); in the other - juvenile delinquency due to a number of social factors; in the third - the situation of a child in orphanages, etc. In a word, having plunged into this problem, a journalist can drown in a stream of questions, each of which requires its own answer. Therefore, to begin with, it is necessary to highlight the aspect of the problem that is most important, and the task that needs to be solved. To do this, analyze the problem situation and answer a number of questions: how relevant is the problem under consideration? what new will she reveal in the studied phenomenon? what practical benefit will it bring to society? What are the possible ways to solve it? and etc
The relationship between a real specific situation and a large-scale problem, G. Lazutina believes, is different: “A situation can carry this problem in itself, be part of it - and then it becomes a source of new knowledge about the problem (causes that gave rise to it, unexpected manifestations, etc. .); the situation may contain the experience of solving the problem, thereby demonstrating ways to overcome
difficulties experienced by many - then it gives grounds for reporting
about this experience; the situation can be conflict - showing the consequences of a problem not solved in a timely manner, it becomes an occasion for a lesson, for analyzing these consequences and evaluating people's behavior.
In one case or another, the problematic situation that a journalist encounters in practice can lead him to a specific object and subject of study. An object is usually understood as “life processes and phenomena, in which a contradiction is found that gives rise to a problem situation”, and under the subject of study - “characteristics (properties) of an object that reflect the main links (basis, core) of contradictions” /> Hypothesis
Having clarified all aspects of the problematic situation, having determined the object and subject of research, the journalist can begin to put forward hypotheses that can give the idea of the future work quite real features. A hypothesis is “an assumption about the existence of some phenomena, about the causes of their occurrence and the patterns of their development. A hypothesis is also defined as a thought process consisting in the construction of a certain assumption and its proof. Putting forward hypotheses is necessary in order to make the search for factual material more focused, and the idea of a future work more definite. Hypotheses can contain both the journalist’s judgments of a life situation, and his ideas about the object, and assumptions about the occurrence of certain contradictions, etc. “A working hypothesis,” emphasizes E. P. Prokhorov, “is a system of partially substantiated and based on creative imagination assumptions about the meaning and significance of the phenomenon that attracted the attention of a publicist and about ways to solve the problem.” At this stage of the creative development of the idea, as this author rightly notes, “the reflection of the publicist, reflections on what he does, constant work on the concept of the work, the search for new twists, so that the work is born as the realization of a seeking journalistic thought, is important and fruitful.” Of course, during the testing of hypotheses, many of them may not be confirmed There is nothing unnatural in the fact that a significant part of the hypotheses are not confirmed, replaced by others on the basis of the processes under study. with what turned out during his business trip. Such perspicacity of a correspondent can only be in exceptional cases. Most often, a thorough coincidence of assumptions with reality can only mean that a journalist, fascinated by his own original version, turns out to be blind to facts that do not correspond to this version. Indeed, it is precisely in the inflexibility of the initial hypothesis that the reason for the failure lies.

In practice, situations of this kind can take the most unexpected turns. Therefore, the ability of a journalist to act in accordance with the realities of life that he is faced with is so valuable. Here is an example from the rich journalistic practice of Yu. Rost: “Once an acquaintance came to me - a worker in the gold mining industry and told a story. There is in Uzbekistan, in one village, a foreman, who recently became a Hero of Labor. Produces gold in a closed, naturally, mine. Therefore, the decree on the award was not published anywhere. The authorities did not come from the district either, because the mine is not subordinate to the district. A man returned from Tashkent with an award, but no one believes him. They think they bought it. I was interested in the story ... I began to figure out how to photograph it. I decided to shoot the foreman in the face, without any lighting, the members of the brigade had to illuminate him (while remaining in the shade themselves) - with their own light bulbs. Thus, he would have arisen not alone, but in the light of his brigade - as it was in life.
The journalist told the editor about his plan. He approved it, and Yu Rost went on a business trip. Already on the spot, the photojournalist realized that the image of the hero, invented in the editorial office, had nothing to do with real person does not have. When meeting with the foreman Makhkamov, the journalist realized that it was not all-Union fame that was important for the Hero of Labor, but the respectful attitude of fellow countrymen. Therefore, Yu Rost decided to photograph the honored foreman at the bazaar among his fellow villagers, who, having learned about the arrival of the Moscow correspondent, were very willing to take pictures with a local celebrity “All this time,” says Yu. Rost, “my hero stood in one place, and people were changing all the time behind. I shot with one camera, the rest hung for beauty. Thus, I “rehabilitated” him.”
So, as you can see, any hypothesis can be subjected to serious adjustments by life. And yet they are not useless, because they stimulate the journalist to check his initial assumptions about the problem situation. Hypotheses help to expand the range of searching for answers to the questions facing the journalist. ideas for future work