Synopsis or presentation topic 1 of the tradition of the Cossacks. Presentation on the topic “Customs, traditions, mores of the Cossacks. Cossack traditions and customs were based on one basis

Tatiana Berezhnaya
Presentation "Life and customs of the Kuban Cossacks"

(Slide 1) Text to presentations on« Life and customs of the Kuban Cossacks» .

(Slide 2) We live in a fertile and beautiful region. (Slide 3) Our Kuban is rich in traditions, customs, rituals and trades (Slide 4) which are preserved and carefully passed down from generation to generation. (Slide 5) I think you will be interested to know about how they lived Cossacks. And it all started with Decree of Empress Catherine II. (Slide 6) She bestowed Kuban Cossacks land in gratitude for their conscientious service. (Slide 7) And the convoys stretched along the dusty steppe roads. And settlers from the Zaporozhian Sich began to flock to the uninhabited lands. Cossacks-Cossacks. This is how our ancestors appeared Cossacks in the Kuban.

(Slide 8) Cossacks began to settle in the Kuban lands. It was a real military fortress. They poured an earthen rampart around it, installed watchtowers and guns. wild river Kuban covered the fortress from three sides and reliably protected from enemies.

(Slide 9) inhabiting the land, Cossacks built houses for themselves(housing) their called: huts, huts. Huts were built from adobe. Adobe is a building material made from clay, straw and water. Horses kneaded the adobe.

(Slide 10) The hut was whitewashed inside and out. White color is a symbol of purity and neatness. The roofs were covered with reeds and straw. The floor was covered with clay. (Slide 11) The hut was fenced with such a wattle fence. (Slide 12) We knock on the door, the hospitable hosts open for us, on Kuban guests were always warmly welcomed. (Slide 13) All the guests who entered the house were baptized on the right corner, they called it the red corner, where the icons were located, adorned with an embroidered towel. (Slide 14) Towels were decoration Kuban dwelling. They were made of fabrics, sheathed with lace at both ends and embroidered with a cross or satin stitch along the edge of the towel. Vegetative pattern prevailed, geometric figures, paired image of birds. The same towels were hung on the walls for decoration. Napkins, tablecloths, curtains were embroidered.

(Slide 15) On the head Cossack Kubanka headdress, he is wearing a beshmet shirt, a blue kuntush is put on over it (a jacket, gazyri are hung on it, they used to serve as a measure of gunpowder, and now for decoration. Be sure to have a belt - decorated with metal overlays, a dagger, a saber were hung on it, trousers and boots were also worn .

(Slide 16) Woman- Cossack She was dressed in an undershirt - a spinner, the sleeves and the bottom of which were embroidered with a cross. Blouses and skirts with embroideries and frills are put on top. Married women wore a scarf on their heads or hats; a hat was put on their hair gathered in a bundle.

(Slide 17) In the house usually had two rooms: large and small hut. In each house in a small hut there was a stove. The stove was heated, food was cooked on it, old people and children slept. In the old Cossack proverb says: "King oven in the house". She was a hearth and embodied the idea of well-being in the house, family warmth. (Slide 18) Long wooden benches stood along the walls, on which one could not only sit, but also sleep, and in the middle there was a wooden table. (Slide 19) The table was one of the most traditional and revered items in the home of Cossack. The table is the same as the throne in the altar, and therefore you need to sit at the table and behave as you would in church. The decoration of the table in the hut was a samovar. With your hot tea winter evenings he warmed the souls and bodies of the household, gathering everyone together at the table. (Slide 20) The table is inconceivable without bread - as food, as a symbol of well-being. It has long been so customary that the main smell Kuban-fragrant Kuban bread. Kuban welcome guests with bread and salt. Bread and salt are symbols of hospitality and cordiality. Salt, according to the ancestors, protects from evil spirits. If a person treats himself with bread and salt, it means that he is not plotting evil.

(Slide 21) Every house had "slide", where the hostess proudly exhibited the most valuable and beautiful dishes. (Slide 22) Glechik is a vessel for storing milk, in which milk does not sour for a long time. (Slide 23) Makitra is a large vessel in which they fermented cabbage, kept jam. (Slide 24) A bowl is a dish from which the whole family ate borscht, dumplings. The head of the family, the man, was the first to start scooping borscht. Cossack, the father of the family.

(Slide25) In the great hut stood a custom-made furniture: cupboard for dishes, chest of drawers for linen. One of the decorations of the house was the photographs on the wall.

(Slide 26) Kuban the land was famous for its craftsmen, gifted people. People were doing pottery. (Slide 27) Engaged in blacksmithing - every sixth Cossack was an excellent blacksmith. They forged horseshoes, weapons, sabers, plows, spades, pitchforks, etc. (Slide 28) They did weaving. They knew how to weave rugs and embroider towels. In every courtyard, women knew how to weave lace. Yes, how beautiful! Decorated them with towels, capes. Lace doilies were everywhere. (Slide 29-30) They did weaving. Weaved from reeds, reeds, twigs. Masters wove baskets, baskets, cradles, chairs, fences. There was nothing like it in stores at the time. Comfortable, light, roomy. More for adults, less for children. (Slide 31) main fishery Cossacks were animal husbandry. (Slide 32) Also Cossacks engaged in the cultivation of crops.

Customs and traditions of the Cossacks

(Slide 33) Cossacks kept the commandments of the Lord, the main church holidays, regularly attended church. Each hut had a holy corner where icons hung. (Slide 34) On Kuban honored and celebrated calendar holidays: Nativity, New Year, Maslenitsa, Easter.

(Slide 35-36) Respect for elders is one of the most important customs of the Cossacks. It was not allowed to sit, smoke and talk in the presence of an elder (without his permission). It was considered obscene to overtake an old man, you had to ask permission to pass. The younger one must give way to the older one. The words of the older person were obligatory for the younger. In conflicts, disputes, fights, the word of the elder was decisive and it was required to fulfill it. (Slide 37) When meeting a young lad (guy, cossack must bow and take off his hat. If he passed with his head thrown back, without bowing, then a passer-by, even a stranger, could beat the proud young man. The father will thank you later for raising his son. (Slide 38-39) Cossack is hungry and the horse is full. Without a horse Cossack around the orphan. Before leaving home for war horse Cossack was let down by his wife. The wife bowed at the feet of the horse to save her husband. With wires Cossack on the last journey behind the coffin, a war horse walked, and relatives and friends followed him.

(Slide 40) Guests were highly respected. The guest was considered a messenger of God. The most expensive and desirable was considered an unfamiliar from distant places, who needed shelter, rest. The guest was given the best place at the table and on vacation. Even the old man gave up his seat, although the guest was younger than him. (Slide 41) At Cossacks was considered rule: Wherever he went, he never took food with him either for himself or for his horse. In any village they will meet him as a guest, they will feed both him and the horse. (Slide 42) Cossack was born a warrior, and with the birth of his military school began. The child was given present: cartridges, bullets, bow, arrows, gun. (Slide 43) When the child was 40 days old, the father put him on a horse and returned to his mother, congratulating her on a Cossack. When his teeth appeared, he was again put on a horse and taken to the church. At the age of 3, the children already rode a horse freely, and at the age of five they galloped across the steppe. (Slide 44) And the mother put an amulet around her son's neck, into which a handful of earth and a prayer from the enemy were sewn. This amulet was a kind of talisman, and it was believed that it protected Cossack from the worst. (Slide 45) Girls from the very early childhood accustomed to au pair: sewed, embroidered, needlework. They loved to decorate their clothes with embroidery.

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Most of the modern Cossack settlements of the Kuban were founded at the end of the 18th and during the 19th century in the process of settling the region. The house of a middle-class Cossack was usually arranged in two rooms. The roof is made of reeds, straw, sometimes iron. Whatever the house - wooden, turluch, small, large - it was necessarily coated with clay and whitewashed

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This is how the turluch houses were built “Along the perimeter of the house, the Cossacks dug large and small pillars into the ground -“ plows ”and“ plows ”, which were intertwined with a vine. When the frame was ready, relatives and neighbors were called for the first smear "under the fists" - clay mixed with straw was hammered into the wattle fence with fists. A week later, they made a second smear “under the fingers”, when the clay mixed with sexual clay was pressed in and smoothed out with fingers. For the third “smooth” stroke, chaff and dung (dung thoroughly mixed with straw cutting) were added to the clay.” Public buildings: Ataman rule, schools were built of brick with iron roofs. They still decorate the Kuban villages

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Ritual in the construction of housing. “A wooden cross was built into the front corner, into the wall, thus invoking God's blessing on the inhabitants of the house. After the completion of construction work, the owners arranged refreshments instead of payment (it was not supposed to be taken for help). Most of the participants were also invited to the housewarming. Special ceremonies at the laying of the house. “Stubbles of domestic animal hair, feathers were thrown at the construction site, “so that everything would be done.” The womb-svolok (wooden beams on which the ceiling was laid) was raised on towels or chains, "so that the house was not empty." Special rituals when laying a house.

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The internal arrangement of the decoration of the Kuban dwelling. In the first room - the "small hut" or "caravan" - there was a stove, long wooden benches ("lavas"), a small round table ("cheese"). Near the stove there was usually a wide lava for dishes, and a wooden bed near the wall, where the "holy corner" was located.

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Holy corner: 2-3 icons of different sizes were placed one above the other. From above they were covered with long towels, the edges of which hung down. On the eve and on holidays, they lit a lamp that hung in front of the icons. Entering the hut, any guest with his eyes found the Holy Corner with icons, greeted and was baptized.

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The floor is earthen, wooden is a rarity. Furniture: a table, benches made of wood, stools, a bookcase, wooden or iron beds, a chest = “hidden” - they kept elegant clothes, ironed clothes on the lid with a rolling pin and a rubel. They were passed down from generation to generation. A spinning wheel, cast-iron irons, makitras, glaciers, a mirror - everything is in constant use.

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In the second room, the "great hut", the interior was dominated by solid, custom-made furniture: a cupboard for dishes - a "slide" or "square", a chest of drawers for linen and clothes, wrought iron and wooden chests. On the walls hung family photographs framed with embroidered towels ("towels"), color lithographs depicting Orthodox holy places; paintings by local artists depicting Cossack military operations, mainly related to the period l-th world wars; mirrors in wooden carved frames. Family photos had a certain place in the interior. They were traditional family heirlooms. traditional element decorations of the Kuban Cossack dwellings were "towels". They were made from home-made fabrics, which were made mainly from hemp or factory-made fabric - "calico". Towels were often richly ornamented, sheathed with lace on both transverse ends. Embroidery most often took place along the edge of the towel and was done with a cross or double-sided satin stitch.

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CLOTHING OF A COSSACK In the initial period of settlement of the region, the Black Sea people retained the clothes and weapons inherent in the Cossacks. Mounted Cossacks wore blue trousers, a blue kuntush, under which a red caftan was worn. In 1810, the uniform of the Black Sea Cossacks was approved: trousers and a coarse cloth jacket. The cut of the Circassian is entirely borrowed from the mountain peoples. They sewed it below the knee length, with a low neckline on the chest, which opened the beshmet; The sleeves were made with wide cuffs. A lining for gazyrs was sewn on the chest; this served together with a Caucasian belt, often a silver nabob, decoration of the Circassian. The beauty and richness of the Cossack costume was to have more silver in it.

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Beshmet, arkhaluk, Circassian. The term "beshmet" was borrowed from the peoples of the Caucasus, but there was also a Russian term - "chekmen". The beshmet was sewn from a variety of factory-made fabrics in bright colors - red, crimson, blue, pink, etc. The beshmet clasp was on the front with hooks, the collar was high, the stand, the long narrow sleeve was on the cuff. Sometimes the collar and the strap of the clasp were sheathed with a bright or silver cord, and small pockets were sewn on the chest.

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The headdress of the Cossack was a papakha - a lamb hat with a cloth top. It could have different styles: low with a flat top or cone-shaped. An integral part of the Cossack costume was a cap, which was worn over a hat. It was a square hood with long blades, which wrapped the neck in bad weather.

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The Kuban Cossacks explain the forelock on the left side of the cap in this way: on the right is an angel - there is order, and on the left, the devil is twisting - that's the Cossack coming out!

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An important element of the costume of a Cossack woman is a headdress. Cossack women wore scarves, and in the 19th century - "fayshonki". FASHIONKA - a headdress of married women, which was an openwork scarf woven from black silk or cotton threads. They were worn in accordance with marital status – married woman would never show herself in public without a fashion.

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Everyday clothes of the Cossacks consisted of a long undershirt with long sleeves and a round, slightly gathered collar, a blouse and a chintz skirt. Several skirts were put on over the shirt: the lower chintz, then canvas and one or more chintz, or even silk.

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On holidays, a long wide skirt with frills and lace or fringe was worn over the shirt. They wore a skirt so that embroidery was visible on the shirt. Festive jackets (“cuirasses”) were sewn short, to the waist. They were fastened on the side or back with a large number of small buttons. Long sleeves, sometimes with gathers at the shoulders, tapered to the wrist.

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An important detail was the apron, it could be any model in black or white and always with frills and lace. All this beauty was complemented by black or red patent leather boots with heels and shiny clasps.

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It should be noted age differences in clothing. The most colorful and the best quality of the material was the costume of girls or young women. By the age of 35, women preferred to dress in darker, plain clothes with a simplified cut.

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Cossack commandments “Family is the shrine of marriage. No one has the right to interfere in the life of the family without her request. The family is the basis of the Cossack society. The head of the family is the father, he is in demand for everything. Father! Achieve authority and understanding in the family. Raise your children to be honest, brave, kind and sympathetic, uncompromising in the fight against evil, devoted to the Fatherland. Educate them as Cossacks. Give children a decent education. The Cossack is obliged to protect the woman, to protect her honor and dignity. This is how you secure the future of your people. The Cossack has no right to interfere in women's affairs. Honor your mother and father."

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From the age of three or five, the Cossack was accustomed to riding. They were taught to shoot from the age of seven, to chop with a saber from the age of ten. Hand-to-hand combat was taught from the age of three. The boy was brought up much more strictly than the girl. From the age of five, the boys worked with their parents in the field: they drove oxen to plow, graze sheep and other livestock. But there was still time to play. And the godfather, and the ataman, and the old people made sure that the little boy was “not stopped by”, so that they were allowed to play. But the games themselves were such that in them the Cossack was trained either in work or in martial arts.

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The rituals and customs that surrounded the girl’s life were domestic, family, the girl was inspired that the most important thing is a calm soul and a pure heart, and happiness is a strong family and honestly earned wealth, although the life of a Cossack woman was full of great anxieties, and labors and suffering it was no less, if not more, than in the life of a Cossack. All "female" customs were playful, not cruel, but cheerful. So, “they washed away cares from the daughter” - aunts, mothers, nannies, the godmother bathed the girl for the first time with songs and good wishes. At this time, the father, the only man allowed on this holiday, ate "father's porridge" - burnt, salted, peppered, poured with mustard. He had to eat it without grimacing, "so that the girl gets less bitter in her life." Girls began to work at a very early age. They participated in all the works: they washed, mopped the floors, put patches on, sewed on buttons. From the age of five, they learned to embroider, sew, knit and crochet - every Cossack woman knew how. This was done in the game: they sewed dolls, and studied for life. A special girl's job is to babysit the little ones!

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The wedding of the Cossacks was by no means an entertaining spectacle, but had an educational value. And moral lesson was presented not in congratulations and parting words, but played out in ritual actions. According to custom, the wedding table was laid in two houses - at the bride and groom's, and only married people sat at it. In the groom's house, a giltse was waiting for the young on the table - a tree inserted into bread, decorated with paper flowers, ribbons, sweets, its twigs could be wrapped around with dough and baked. It symbolized the creation of a family - a new nest is winding. Then they went to the bride, but the unmarried lads did not let the betrothed into the house, demanding a ransom. And a child from among the relatives of his wife held in his hands a stick with sticky burrs, which he could well throw into the forelock of the newlywed. He, too, had to be redeemed.

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Having children was the true purpose of marriage. The appearance of children in the family, according to the church, marked the piety of marriage. Children were considered the main wealth of the family and society as a whole. In young families, the child was eagerly expected. The most desirable was a boy. Cossack. A land plot was given for his “feeding” - a share, but such a share was not supposed for a girl. The birth of a baby was accompanied by two family celebrations: the homeland and christening celebrated.

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Homelands were arranged shortly after the woman was released from the burden, of course, if the birth was successful and the child was recognized as viable. This happened on the second or third day. Baptism was strictly obligatory for everyone born in an Orthodox family. It could take place in the temple and in the house. Naturally, the first was valued more. It is well known that the spiritual birth was considered more significant than the physical one, and for this reason the actual birthday became less noticeable compared to the day of the angel or name day. Many people did not know the exact date of their birth at all, but they firmly remembered on which day they were baptized, in honor of which saint they were named.

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The education of the Cossacks began, almost from infancy. The training was hard and constant. They taught to shoot from the age of seven, to chop with a sword - from ten. Dexterity and dexterity were also developed by children's games, mostly mobile. Not afraid of bruises, not sparing their noses, the Cossacks cut themselves with wooden swords, pricked with reed peaks, captured “banners”, “prisoners”, etc. From the age of 10-11, the Cossacks were taught to own cold and firearms. The basis of family education was positive examples of military exploits, the impeccable service of the grandfather, father, relatives, villagers.

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Dzhigitovka - riding a horse, during which the Cossack performs various gymnastic and acrobatic tricks. It was the art of war. If we translate the word dzhigitovka from Turkic, it means a dashing or brave person. The Cossack community trained its people for various purposes. The main database of tricks included: fast jumps on a horse, dismounts, jumps, riding backwards, etc.

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Folklore (Songs, dances, sayings, epics, games) The song and musical folklore is especially rich and varied. The whole soul of the Kuban people is in songs. From the distant past, from grandfathers and great-grandfathers, they conveyed to us what the people lived, what they believed in, conveyed anxieties and joys. On weekdays and holidays, in happiness and trouble, the song was always next to the Cossack. The main genres - historical, everyday, calendar songs, excluding epics - were known in the Kuban.

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The dance culture of the Cossacks included old Russian and Ukrainian dances, a number of mountain dances (lezginka). The Cossacks knew and performed "Circular", "Cossack", "Crane", "Metelitsa", etc. Of the European dances - "quadrille", "polka", however, they were not very common among the Cossacks.

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Eyes to be afraid, and hands to shy. (The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.) Do not sit idly by, tai and ne bude boredom. (There will be no boredom if your hands are busy.) Live like a mouse in cereals. (He lives like a cat in sour cream.) What you sow, you will reap. (What you sow, you will reap.) A Cossack without a saddle is like a Circassian without a dagger. Where the share does not throw a Cossack - everything will be a Cossack. The Cossack is hungry, and his horse is full. A man without a homeland is like a nightingale without a song. Take care of your dear land, like a beloved mother. IN oral art Cossacks are reflected and epic stories. At the end of the 19th century, the first epics were recorded, which the Cossacks themselves called "old", such as: "Bogatyrs on the clock", "About Alexandrushka the Great", "Ilya Muromets on a scarlet ship", etc. Among the Cossacks there were numerous fairy tales , proverbs, sayings. They were an integral part of the colloquial speech of the Cossacks. Among the proverbs and sayings that exist in the Kuban, there are many all-Russian, but pronounced in their own way, in the Kuban dialect (dialect). There are other proverbs and sayings in which the type of Cossack is visible, a decisive and at the same time cautious person, generous soul and at the same time a stingy, beautiful person in his principles to live according to the faith and the precepts of his great-grandfathers.

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The Cossacks paid much attention to paramilitary games, which prepared young men for service. Particular attention was paid to the ability to ride a horse well, to be fluent in cold and firearms, to shoot accurately at a gallop, to walk stealthily and silently and get close to the enemy, to navigate the terrain, to know the methods of struggle. Living surrounded by mountain peoples, the Cossacks could not help but adopt some of their games, at the same time, passing them their own. For example, they adopted such games from Ossetians as "Tug of war", "Curie", "Belt wrestling", "Riders' wrestling", "Riders and horses". A number of games were adopted by the Cossacks from the Kabardians.

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Holidays There are three blocks in the calendar circle of holidays and rituals of the Kuban Cossacks. The first is the Orthodox holidays and the rituals of the annual circle included in them. The second block includes rituals associated with the main types of agricultural and pastoral activities of the Cossacks, primarily with the beginnings and endings of the most important works that have a seasonal confinement (plowing, sowing, the first pasture of cattle into a herd, etc.). The third consisted of military, military holidays and rituals that were associated or deliberately timed to coincide with specific dates of the Orthodox calendar.

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All notable events in the life of the Kuban Cossacks are connected with the Orthodox faith. As throughout Russia, calendar holidays were honored and widely celebrated in the Kuban: Christmas, New Year, Maslenitsa, Easter, Trinity.

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary general education Cossack cadet school" Trans-Baikal Territory, Nerchinsk district, with. Znamenka Presentation for the elective course "Spiritual culture of the Cossacks" on the topic "Rites and traditions of the Cossacks" Part 1 Prepared by Music teacher Trushina Svetlana Yurievna

A Cossack cannot consider himself a Cossack if he does not know and observe the traditions and customs of the Cossacks. Merciless to enemies, the Cossacks in their midst were always complacent, generous and hospitable. There was some kind of duality at the heart of the Cossack's character: either he was cheerful, playful, funny, or extraordinarily sad, silent, inaccessible. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that the Cossacks, constantly looking into the eyes of death, tried not to miss the joy that fell to their lot. On the other hand - they are philosophers and poets at heart - they often reflected on the eternal, on the vanity of existence and on the inevitable outcome of this life.

Meeting and seeing off the Cossacks.
According to custom, all the Cossacks leaving for the service gathered in the church for a prayer service. Leaving for the war, they always took a handful of earth from the church or in the cemetery from the grave of their father, mother, or in the garden near the house itself. The Cossacks were met not only by relatives and friends, but also by all the inhabitants of the village.

Wedding. Pre-wedding.
Matchmaking
Smotriny
Communication between the bride and groom

Pre-wedding.
Pillows
Bachelorette and bachelor party
wedding songs

Greetings and addresses.
The greeting sounded in three versions (derived from "great"): "great day!" (afternoon time, rather, evening), "had a great night!" (morning, before lunch), "live great!" (Anytime). As a greeting to each other, the Cossacks slightly raised their headdress and with a handshake inquired about the state of health of the family, about the state of affairs. At a meeting, after a long separation, as well as at parting, the Cossacks hugged and kissed their cheeks. They greeted each other with a kiss on the Great Feast of the Resurrection of Christ, on Easter, and kissing was allowed only among men and separately among women.

Attitude towards elders.
In the presence of an elder, it was not allowed to sit, smoke, talk (to enter without his permission), and even more so - to speak obscenely. It was considered obscene to overtake an old man (older in age), it was required to ask permission to pass. When entering somewhere, the elder is skipped first. It was considered indecent for the younger to enter into conversations in the presence of the elder. To the old man (senior) the younger is obliged to give way. The younger must show patience and restraint, in any case not to argue. The words of the elder were obligatory for the younger. At general (joint) events and decision-making, the opinion of the elder was necessarily sought. In conflict situations, disputes, strife, fights, the word of the old man (senior) was decisive and its immediate execution was required. In general, among the Cossacks, and especially among the Kubans, respect for the elder was an internal need in the Kuban, even in circulation one can rarely hear - "grandfather", "old" and so on, but affectionately pronounced "father", "father".

Funeral rite
For a Cossack, death on the battlefield or in the family circle was considered worthy. The Cossacks were buried according to the Orthodox rite. The body of the deceased was washed: men - men, women - women. Only new clothes were put on the deceased. Underwear was sewn by hand. The coffin was carried by hand. It was the duty of the son, relatives to see the parent on his last journey. Buried on the third day. And be sure to arrange a commemoration: on the day of the funeral, on the 9th and 40th days and on the anniversary of death. When a person died in the village, they "called for the soul." If a child was dying, then the ringing of the bell was high, if he was dying old man, the ringing was low.

SOURCES
http://www.ckwkazak-svao.ru/cossacks-tradition/129-istoricheskie-tradicii.html http://www.myshared.ru/slide/372934/ https://www.google.ru/search?q =Cossacks+pictures&newwindow

Very often, behind the events, And behind the hustle and bustle of the days of Antiquity, we do not remember, We forget about it. Although more familiar To sit in a circle for all of us, Let's remember the customs of the Kuban, Let's remember our old days. The farther into the future we enter, The more we value the past And we find beauty in the old, Though we belong to the new. (Vadim Shafner).

A holiday is a bright, memorable spectacle, fun. The rite is a tradition of worshiping the spirits of the earth, water, sun, Christian saints.

New Year's Eve New Year's Eve is called "generous evening". That evening, in every house they cooked dumplings with cheese and potatoes, fried sausage, baked pies with cabbage, meat, and potatoes. Boys and girls went to be generous. They went up to the window of some hut and shouted generously. "Generous Evening"

Christmas about The holiday began in the evening. They cooked cereals, added honey, sweets and wore "kutya" to friends and relatives.

Carols Later, in the evening, boys and girls walked the streets and called “Kolyada” at every house. "Kolyada" is a human-like creature that brings abundant harvests and domestic happiness to the peasants. They sang carols, wished happiness and blessings to the owners of the house.

Fortune-telling One of the striking features of Christmas was various kinds of fortune-telling. In the evenings, girls arranged fortune-telling to find out their fate on next year. Girls at midnight performed a wide variety of fortune-telling, hoping to understand whether they would be able to get married in the new year.

Maslenitsa. This holiday comes to us In early spring, How many joys He always brings with him! Ice mountains are waiting, And the snow is sparkling, Sledges are running down the hills, Laughter does not stop. At home, the aroma of pancakes Festive wonderful, We invite friends to pancakes, We will eat them together. Noisy, fun Cheese Week will pass, And after it - Great Lent, Time to pray.

Paskha After fasting came a great religious holiday - "Easter". Elegant Cossacks and Cossacks went to church and carried festive Easter cakes, Easter and colored eggs. Met a friend with the words: -Christ is Risen! - You are truly risen! Colored eggs, sausage, bacon were carried to the church to be blessed. At home they waited for the consecrated food to be brought. And then they started eating.

Raduni tsa "Radunitsa" is a holiday of remembrance of the dead. Trinity a Holiday of farewell to spring, meeting of summer. They covered the floors in the house with herbs. In the Kuban, mint and thyme were brought into the houses.

Ivan Kupala July 7 is the holiday of Ivan Kupala. On this day they burned bonfires, danced round dances, Jumped over the fire, swam in the rivers.

The Kuban-land is like this: from bread the golden steppe side. She meets guests and sings songs, And opens her soul transparent to the bottom. Cossack fire is beautiful, young, Kuban is such a land: Once caress - you will love forever! This is not to share, it is one, the life of a person with a dear Motherland!

Folk Cossack holidays

Lesson visual arts in 4th grade

Completed by: teacher of IZO MBOU "Alekseevo-Tuzlovskaya secondary school" Dukacheva Galina Ivanovna

Target : acquaintance with the life, way of life, customs and traditions of the Don Cossacks. Tasks : develop creative imagination, graphic skills and the ability to work in groups, improve the skills of depicting people, carry out interdisciplinary communications (art, history, music, literature), cultivate interest in the traditions of the Don Cossacks.

Life and life of the Don Cossacks

We live in a region rich in glorious traditions and people. And today we will get acquainted with one more page of his history - the life and way of life of the Don Cossacks. We learn about the origin of the Don Cossacks, about the manners and customs of these heroic people.

Our roots go deep into the past. The Cossacks came to the Don a very long time ago. Amazing lands, untouched, deserted, dense forests and wide steppes. You will not meet a single person, but there are a great many animals and birds.

What do you know Proverbs and sayings, associated with the Cossack prowess?

Proverbs and sayings of the Cossacks

“Either the chest is in crosses, or the head is in the bushes” (decided to act).
“The Cossack would rather die than leave his native land” (for native land beats to the end).
“He who is afraid of bullets is not fit for Cossacks” (in danger, a Cossack cannot be cowardly).
“The Don Cossack will not throw honor, even if the little head perishes” (honor is dearer to him than life).
"Get it - or not be at home."
“In the stirrup with your foot - part with your head” (you may not return from the service).
“Gaitan on the neck, and a hat on the side - not soon to be a death term” (faith and strength - that's what gives the Cossack hope).

All power on the Don belonged to the Cossack circle (Military, stanitsa, farm), which resolved issues of war and peace, life and death, weddings and divorces. Here is how it is sung in a Cossack song:

The Cossacks gathered - friends, free people, They gathered, brothers, in a single circle, They thought they were all one thought.

What the circle decreed was holy—it was the law.

The Cossack always served for the faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland, and the Cossack raised children and created family comfort. “A Cossack fights in a foreign land, and his wife grieves at home” (military hardships also fall on the family). Such was the life and customs of the Don Cossacks.

And what were the revered holidays among the Cossacks and how did they spend them?

Cossack Orthodox holidays

The holidays went something like this: Military formation (by fifty and hundreds); Removal from the temple of the banner, icons, hundreds of flags; Ataman with a mace and an insect led the holiday; Liturgy - church service; Horse racing and overcoming the obstacle course on horseback; Dzhigitovka; Demonstration of possession of weapons - checker, dagger, pike; Public feast by groups and families, mass celebrations.

Cossack songs were sung in almost every house. On patronal feasts, according to an old custom, a common dinner was held in the village hut after the prayer service. Everything that is most delicious was brought to him.

Christmas

Christmas tradition- general sledding. The children went down the slides on ice-baskets, doused with water in the cold.

baptism

baptism according to tradition, it was marked by a procession to the river, where a “Jordan” (decoration) was made under the hole.

Maslenitsa

Maslenitsa- the week preceding Great Lent and separating winter and spring in the calendar. According to the Orthodox Paschal, the celebration of Maslenitsa began 56 days before Easter and fell on the time of the cheese week. Being the oldest holiday, Maslenitsa united pagan and Christian beliefs. For a whole week, folk songs were sung, the Cossacks went to visit each other for pancakes. Demonstration races and shootings were organized. Everyone was overwhelmed with fun at Shrovetide. Everyone felt like a member of a single Cossack family.

Easter

More numerous and prolonged amusements were arranged on Easter- the brightest holiday of the spring cycle. Easter celebrations began on Palm Sunday. This day was dedicated to children. Fairs with various performances were organized in villages, cities, settlements (learned bears, buffoons, bathing performances).

Trinity

It was noted among the Cossacks and Trinity. Celebrating this holiday, as Orthodox, they honored the blooming vegetation in order to ensure its growth and fruiting. To do this, on Saturday, under the Trinity, they mowed grass (mainly thyme) and spread it in a kuren.

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As a general Cossack holiday, the day was celebrated Protection of the Holy Mother of God. On this day, horse races, competitions were organized, and a memorial dinner was organized with drinking and singing in memory of all the dead Cossacks.