"Oblomov" is one of three extensive novels by Goncharov, written by him with an interval of 10 years. It was first printed in 1859. This is a time of active search for a modern hero, a person who knows how to get along in a new world.
The protagonist of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. His childhood passed in the family estate, he was always surrounded by the care of his mother and nannies. Now the adult Ilya Ilyich is a resident of St. Petersburg. It is in the apartment of the protagonist that the action of the novel begins. The situation in his house immediately declares his inertia. Goncharov creates a special type of character. Moreover, this type is not single, but generalizing, characteristic of the era of that time. The question that the author asks is - can such a hero take root in a new environment or is he doomed?
In order to see the origins and root causes of laziness, one should look at Oblomov's childhood. From an early age, little Ilyusha got used to the fact that cooks and servants do everything in the house. He was under the strictest surveillance. His every step was tracked: God forbid he gets hurt, catches a cold, hits, etc. Life in the village of Oblomovka flowed serenely, slowly and calmly. There was no place for stormy activity and fussiness. Oblomov's childhood passed in an earthly paradise, at least this is how he sees his family estate in a dream. is the key to unraveling the novel. Goncharov sees Oblomov's problem in his upbringing. Laziness was instilled in him from infancy. By the way, the author himself also had similar character traits. That is why contemporaries sometimes drew the parallel "Goncharov-Oblomov". Childhood (Oblomov and Goncharov spent it in family estates) was similar, love for "home neighborliness", a kind of idleness, lack of entrepreneurial spirit, apathy, unwillingness to change something in life - this is what the author has in common with his hero.
In contrast to Ilya Ilyich, his friend Andrey Stolz is shown. He is alive, energetic, mobile. associated with punctuality and pragmatism. For Goncharov, names were very important. After all, the name of the protagonist is symbolic. Ilya Ilyich - a reference to the national (Ilya Muromets), in (he has the same name as his father), "Oblo" - a circle. It is Andrei who introduces Oblomov to Olga - his failed love. Ilya Ilyich does not pass the test of love. He finds peace in the house of Agafya Pshenitsyna. They have a son, Andryusha. After the death of Ilya Ilyich, Stolz and Olga took him to be raised. researchers see in this the author's hope for the emergence of an ideal hero who combines the sincerity of Oblomov and the pragmatism of Stolz.
Contemporaries welcomed Goncharov's novel well. Childhood Oblomov, Oblomovka became key symbols. And laziness, apathy and inertia began to be called "Oblomovism". This is the subject of an article by one of the most significant critics of that time, Dobrolyubov. True, the author could not see anything positive in the hero. The revolutionary-minded Dobrolyubov evaluated the hero only from the standpoint of his social guidelines. Despite this, Ilya Ilyich is a pure, spiritually free, sensual nature. Oblomov's childhood proves his closeness to the people and to everything Russian.
How was Oblomov's childhood? "analyze Oblomov's dream" in the work. give a link to the essay
- Goncharov's novel Oblomov must be re-read whenever excessive laziness and daydreaming begin to take hold of a person. Very often people are too indulgent to themselves, so they do not pay attention to the small and large weaknesses that they give in to. And gradually laziness and apathy begin to act more and more on a person. And it is enough to allow such negative qualities to be stronger once, so that later it would be very, very difficult to cope with them.
This is exactly what happened to the main character of the novel, Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich was not by nature an active and active person. Although, of course, he had all the prerequisites in order not to vegetate, lying on the couch, but to strive at least for something. Young Ilya Ilyich was smart and educated. It would seem that a bright future opens before him. And how did he manage this future? Extremely unreasonable and shortsighted. He simply buried all his talents in the ground. It is no wonder that in the future they did not give any shoots, since there were absolutely no conditions for the growth and further development of all good qualities and abilities.
Recall the childhood of Ilya Ilyich. Of course, his childhood can rightly be called a very happy period. The boy was surrounded by universal love and care. Usually happy and cheerful children grow up into very active people who do not want to turn their lives into a monotonous and gray existence. But with Oblomov everything turned out a little differently. Since childhood, the boy was deprived of the necessary freedom, which is very necessary for the optimal development of the personality. Each person in childhood is a real pioneer, discovering everything new for himself. And little Ilya was spoiled by excessively obsessive care, he was not allowed to exercise any freedom.
The hero's mother let him go for a walk in the garden, in the yard, in the meadow, with strict confirmation to the nanny not to leave the child alone, not to allow horses, dogs, goats, not to go far from home, and most importantly, not to let him into the ravine, as the most a terrible place in the neighborhood, which enjoyed a bad reputation. One can easily imagine what a child will grow up to be, who in childhood was forbidden to exercise his will. Gradually, he begins to lose interest in learning new things. But human life is so short, so every moment is precious.
I'll throw the rest on the box - I have my own essay on the topic "analysis of Oblomov's sleep" ("5" was given for him))) if necessary, write to the soap
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In an extensive chapter, printed before the appearance of the entire novel, “Oblomov's Dream”, on which Goncharov worked for a long time and lovingly, like an artist on a cherished painting, the sleepy realm of Oblomovism and the process of slowly poisoning a child are depicted in all breadth. Oblomov this poison.
Oblomov in this dream sees his past life, pictures of childhood pass in front of him, he worries from the influx of memories and cries in his sleep. In front of him is a quiet village of his parents, around deserted plowed fields, in the distance a forest, an old landowner's house, a garden where he wandered with a nanny. Little Ilyusha, who has woken up in his bed, is dressed, he is capricious, already realizing with his childish mind that he is a "master", that the people who serve him are his servants, his property, over whom he can command. Various Vankas, Filkas, Styopkas are always ready for his services, who will rush to his instructions, warn his every desire, his every step. He is released from all the efforts and movements necessary for the development of his childish organism, from all the cares and difficulties necessary for the development of the will.
Goncharov. Oblomov. Summary
The system of appeasing and serving the servants of the barchuk artificially paralyzes his will, his strength, his activity. It grows like in a greenhouse, protected by the cares of mothers, nannies and parents. He is forever wrapped up, guarded, guarded, suppressed in him all the explosions of childish gaiety and playfulness. He is frightened by all sorts of dangers that await him outside of parental care. The child gets used to thinking that it is safe and calm only in the sleepy house of his parents, and everything around is full of unknown terrible forces and dangers. He thinks with horror about the ravine outside the village and about the forest where wolves run and robbers hide. In little Ilyusha, they develop a fear of life, a habit of seeking protection from others and not relying on themselves. They also protect him from mental worries, mourn the need to teach the boy, in every possible way I persuade him not to bother himself and release him from lessons.
The concerns of parents are focused only on the physical side of the child's life. As if lined with cotton wool, in this stuffy greenhouse, he grows up as a lethargic, phlegmatic, lifeless boy, in whom the habits of laziness and idleness have developed eternal invincible fatigue and the need to lie down and sell himself to complete rest. The vital atmosphere that has been created around in the parents' house and in the whole village has an even more destructive effect on the soul of the child. Around him - eternal sleep, stupid animal vegetation, with the only worries about dinner.
Everything is frozen in laziness and slumber in Oblomovka. In the mornings there are only some signs of life, for they are preparing for dinner. But after dinner, Oblomovka falls into a heavy and stuffy sleep. Impressions of heat, silence, some kind of sleepy stupor draw the impressionable boy into a labyrinth of some painful, strange ideas and thoughts. Goncharov recreates these vague experiences of a child's soul with extraordinary psychological subtlety. That's when Oblomovka seems to be a real realm of stupid sleep. The silence is interrupted only by the delirium of the sleepers. They sleep, get up, cool off at dusk, drink tea, have dinner and go to bed.
And so, day after day, day after day, the monotonous and sleepy burden of this life drags on. No worries, no interests other than dinner and sleep. Occasionally they have fun playing cards or remembering funny episodes of last year's life. Calmly, epicly, like Homer, Goncharov depicts this swampy swamp and the life of people immersed in it, and the impression is enhanced precisely by this calm tone of the narration.
Oblomov's Dream, which recreates pictures of the hero's childhood life, explains how this type of Russian reality arose, how it developed.
1. The image of Oblomovka.
2. Prosaic reality and fabulous dreams of Oblomov.
3. Consequences of Oblomov's upbringing.
In the novel by I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov", the childhood of the protagonist is quite fully described in the ninth chapter. The method itself, which the author used to give readers the opportunity to make a virtual journey through time and take a look at the environment in which a person grew up and developed, in the novel appears already adult and fully formed, is already interesting. Not just the memories of the hero, not a story on behalf of the author about his childhood, but a dream. This has a special meaning.
What is a dream? It often intertwines images of everyday reality and fantastic images that belong to something other than everyday life - whether the unconscious, or the parallel world ... In the subconscious of Oblomov's dream, a fairy tale takes up quite a lot of space. No wonder Goncharov describes his dream in such a way that you soon forget that this is a dream, not reality.
Attention should be paid to how Goncharov describes motherland Oblomov. The author does not begin with a direct description. At first we are talking about what is not there, and only after what is there: “No, really, there is a sea, there is no high mountains, rocks and abysses, no dense forests - there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy.
It would seem that everything is simple - the author describes a typical Central Russian landscape, which is really devoid of sharp romantic contrasts. However, the sea, forest, mountains are not only the characteristics of the relief of a particular area, but also symbolic images, which are often used for life path person. Of course, all these objects, both in their concrete embodiment and in their symbolic reflection, carry a certain threat to a person. However, the risk, the need to overcome serious obstacles, is at the same time an impetus for personal development.
In Oblomovka, this natural tendency to spiritual growth, to movement, to change is completely absent. Behind the external goodness, manifested in the mild climate, the measured course of life, the absence of serious crimes among the local population, this is somehow not immediately evident. But the commotion that rises in the village is alarming, when a stranger was noticed nearby, lying down to rest: maybe some kind of…” And a crowd of adult men armed with axes and pitchforks talks about this! In this episode, seemingly insignificant, one of the most important distinguishing features Oblomovites - they unconsciously strive to avoid everything that is different from the outside. A similar reaction is shown by the host and the hostess when they receive a letter: “... Who knows what it is like there, a letter? Maybe even worse, some kind of trouble. You see, what a people these days have become!”
In The Dream, as in the whole novel, the motive of opposing Oblomovka, Oblomov's way of life, sounds every now and then. Oblomovka is an “almost impassable” “corner” that lives its own life. Everything that happens in the rest of the world practically does not affect the interests of the Oblomovites. And their main interests are a delicious dinner, which is previously discussed by the whole family, the whole house, and a strong "heroic" dream. Oblomovites not only do not think about the fact that it is possible to live somehow differently than they do, no, they don’t even have a shadow of a doubt that they live correctly, and “living differently is a sin.”
It seems to be monotonous and unpretentious existence in Oblomovka - where did Oblomov's habit of dreaming for hours in half-asleep come from? The fantastic images of fairy tales, once told by his mother and nanny, made a strong impression on the soul of little Ilya. But it is not the exploits of the heroes that capture his imagination most of all. Ilya listens with delight to tales about how a kind sorceress generously endows "some lazy person" for no reason at all. And Oblomov himself, even when he grew up and became more skeptical of fairy tales, “forever remains the disposition to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made unearned dress and eat at the expense of a good sorceress.”
Why, then, the ideas of just such tales, and not those in which fearless, active heroes bravely set off in search of “what I don’t know what” or to fight with a terrible snake, are firmly planted in Ilya’s subconscious? Probably because the lifestyle of Emelya lying on the stove almost completely corresponded to the standards of behavior that Oblomov took out of his parental family. After all, the father of Ilya Ilyich never cared about how things were going in his possessions: they are going to fix the bridge, raise the wattle fence for a long time, and even about fixing the collapsed gallery, the master’s lazy thoughts are completely stretched out for an indefinite time.
And little Ilya was an observant boy: watching his father pace the room day after day, not delving into household chores, but getting angry if the handkerchief was not served soon, and the mother bakes mainly about plentiful food, the child naturally concluded that this is how you should live. And why would Ilya think differently - after all, children consider their parents as an authority, as a model of behavior that should be copied in their adult life.
The movement of life in Oblomovka was perceived not as something in which a person is obliged to take part, but like a stream of water running past, it remains only to observe what is happening around, and, if possible, avoid personal participation in this fuss: “ Good people understood it (life) only as the ideal of peace and inactivity, broken at times by various unpleasant accidents, such as: illnesses, losses, quarrels and, among other things, labor.
Work in Oblomovka was regarded as a burdensome duty, from which it is not a sin to evade if such an opportunity presents itself. And meanwhile, it is largely thanks to labor that the development of the individual, its spiritual formation and social adaptation take place. Oblomov, by virtue of ideals absorbed from childhood, avoiding vigorous activity, refuses personal growth, from the development of those abilities and forces that were laid in him. Paradoxically, Oblomov, who was cherished and protected in childhood, does not become confident in his adult life, successful person. What is the matter here? Oblomov had happy childhood, he had all the prerequisites for his further life to be successful, and he spent the entire allotted period of earthly existence lying on the couch!
The key to understanding the problem lies in an inconspicuous at first glance fact: education in Oblomovka was aimed only at the bodily well-being of the child, but did not give direction to spiritual development, goals. And without this smallness, alas, Oblomov, with all his virtues, became what Goncharov described.
V. G. Belinsky said that it is upbringing that decides the fate of each person. This can be fully attributed to Oblomov Ilya Ilyich and Stolz Andrey Ivanovich - the two main characters of the novel "Oblomov" by I. A. Goncharov. These people, it would seem, come from the same environment, class, time. Therefore, they must have the same aspirations, worldviews. Why, then, when reading the work, we notice in Stolz and Oblomov mainly differences, and not similarities? In order to answer this question, we should turn to the origins that shaped the characters of the two characters of interest to us. You will see that the upbringing of Stolz and Oblomov had its own characteristics that influenced their entire future lives.
Oblomov's dream
The first chapter of the work is devoted to Ilyusha's childhood. Goncharov himself called it "the overture of the whole novel." From this chapter we will learn in general terms what Oblomov's upbringing was. It is not by chance that quotes from it are often cited as proof that Ilya's life simply could not have turned out differently. In the first chapter of the work, one can find the key to the nature of the title character, an inactive, lazy, apathetic person who is used to subsist at the expense of the labor of his serfs.
As soon as Ilya Ilyich dozed off, he began to dream the same dream: the affectionate hands of his mother, her gentle voice, the hugs of friends and relatives ... Each time Oblomov returned to his childhood in a dream, when he was loved by everyone and absolutely happy. He seemed to be running into childhood memories from real life. Under what conditions was his personality formed, how was Oblomov's upbringing?
The atmosphere that prevailed in Oblomovka
Ilyusha spent his childhood in Oblomovka, in his native village. His parents were nobles, and life in the village went according to special laws. The village was dominated by the cult of doing nothing, sleeping, eating, and undisturbed peace. True, sometimes the quiet course of life was nevertheless disturbed by quarrels, losses, illnesses and labor, which was considered a punishment for the inhabitants of the village, from which they sought to get rid of at the first opportunity. Let's talk about what kind of upbringing Oblomov received. You probably already have some idea about it based on what was said above.
How were Ilyusha's aspirations suppressed?
It was expressed mainly in prohibitions. Ilyusha, a mobile, dexterous child, was forbidden to do any housework (there are servants for this). In addition, his aspirations for independence were each time stopped by the cries of the nanny and parents, who did not allow the boy to take a step without supervision, as they were afraid that he would catch a cold or hurt himself. Interest in the world, activity - all this in Ilyusha's childhood was condemned by adults who did not allow him to frolic, jump, run on the street. But this is necessary for any child for the development, knowledge of life. Oblomov's improper upbringing led to the fact that Ilyusha's forces, seeking manifestations, turned inward and, fading, nicked. Instead of activity, he was instilled with a love for a good afternoon nap. In the novel, he is described as a "true likeness of death," replacing Oblomov's upbringing. Quotations from the text, no less vivid, can be found dedicated to good food, the cult of which has become practically the only occupation in the village.
Influence of the nanny's tales
In addition, the ideal of inaction was constantly reinforced by the nanny's tales about "Emel the Fool", who received various gifts from the magic pike, while doing nothing. Ilyich will later be sad, lying on his sofa, and ask himself: "Why is life not a fairy tale?"
Everyone calls Ilya Ilyich a dreamer. But after all, Oblomov’s upbringing with endless tales of a nurse about firebirds, sorcerers, heroes, Militris Kirbityevna, could not but sow in his soul hope for the best, the belief that problems would somehow be resolved by themselves? In addition, these tales gave the hero a fear of life. Oblomov's lazy childhood and upbringing led to the fact that Ilya Ilyich tried in vain to hide from reality in his apartment, located on Gorokhovaya Street, and then on the Vyborg side.
The attitude of Ilyusha's parents to education
Parents tried not to burden Ilyusha with education, believing that studying is not worth missing holidays and losing health. Therefore, they used every opportunity to keep their child out of school. Ilyusha himself soon realized that he liked such a sluggish and measured existence. Oblomov's childhood and upbringing did their job. Habit, as they say, is second nature. And the adult Ilya Ilyich was completely satisfied with the situation in which the servants do everything for him, and he has nothing left to worry about and worry about. So the hero's childhood imperceptibly flowed into adulthood.
Ilya Ilyich's adult life
Little has changed in her. The whole existence of Oblomov in his own eyes was still divided into 2 halves. The first is work and boredom (these concepts were synonymous with him), and the second is peaceful fun and peace. Zakhar changed his nanny, and Vyborgskaya Street in the city of St. Petersburg - Oblomovka. Ilya Ilyich was so afraid of any activity, he was so frightened by any changes in his life that even the dream of love was not able to bring this hero out of apathy.
That is why he arranged living together with a good mistress Pshenitsyna, since she became nothing more than a continuation of life in the village of Oblomovka.
Andrey Stolz's parents
The complete opposite of Ilya Ilyich is Andrei Ivanovich. Stolz's upbringing took place in a poor family. Andrei's mother was a Russian noblewoman, and his father was a Russified German. Each of them contributed to the upbringing of Stolz.
Father's influence
Stolz Ivan Bogdanovich, Andrey's father, taught his son German, practical sciences. Andrei began to work early - to help Ivan Bogdanovich, who was demanding with him and strict in a burgher style. Stolz's upbringing in the novel "Oblomov" contributed to the fact that pragmatism and a serious outlook on life developed in him at a young age. For him, everyday work became a necessity, which Andrei considered an integral part of his life.
Mother's influence
Andrei's mother also made her contribution to the upbringing of Stolz in the novel Oblomov. She looked at her husband's methods with concern. This woman wanted to make Andrei a sweet and clean boy-master, one of those whom she had seen when she worked as a governess in rich Russian families. Her soul languished when Andryusha returned after a fight, all tattered or dirty after the field or factory, where he went with his father. And she began to cut his nails, sew elegant shirt-fronts and collars, curl his curls, order clothes in the city. Stolz's mother taught him to listen to the sounds of Hertz. She sang to him about flowers, whispered about the calling of a writer, then a warrior, dreamed of a high role that falls to the lot of other people. Andrei's mother in many ways wanted her son to be like Oblomov, and therefore, with pleasure, she often let him go to Sosnovka.
So, you see that, on the one hand, Andrey's upbringing was based on practicality, his father's efficiency, and on the other, his mother's daydreaming. In addition, there was Oblomovka nearby, in which there is an "eternal holiday", where work is sold from the shoulders, like a yoke. All this influenced Stolz.
Parting with home
Of course, Andrei's father loved him in his own way, but he did not consider it necessary to show his feelings. The scene of Stolz's farewell to his father is poignant to tears. Even at that moment, Ivan Bogdanovich could not find kind words for his son. Andrei, swallowing tears of resentment, sets off. It seems that at this moment Stolz, despite the efforts of his mother, leaves no room in his soul for "empty dreams". He takes with him independent life only what, in his opinion, was necessary: purposefulness, practicality, prudence. In distant childhood, everything else remained, along with the image of the mother.
Life in Petersburg
After graduating from the university, he goes to St. Petersburg, where he takes on business (sends goods abroad), travels around the world, leads an active life and manages everything. Despite the fact that he was the same age as Oblomov, this hero managed to achieve much more in life. He made money and a house. Energy and activity contributed to the successful career of this hero. He achieved heights that he could not even dream of. Stolz managed to properly manage his life and the abilities inherent in him by nature.
Everything was in moderation in his life: both joys and sorrows. Andrei prefers the direct path, which suits his simple outlook on life. He was not disturbed by dreams or imagination - he simply did not allow them into his life. This hero did not like to speculate, he always retained self-esteem in his behavior, as well as a sober, calm look at people and things. Andrei Ivanovich considered passions to be a destructive force. His life was like a "slow and steady burning of a fire."
Stolz and Oblomov - two different fates
The upbringing of Stolz and Oblomov, as you can see, was significantly different, although both of them came from a noble environment and belonged to the same stratum of society. Andrey and Ilya are people with different worldviews and characters, so the fates were so different. The upbringings of Oblomov and Stolz were very different. The comparison allows us to notice that this fact greatly influenced the adult life of these heroes. The active Andrei tried until the last day to "carry the vessel of life" and not spill a single drop in vain. And the apathetic and soft Ilya was too lazy to even just get up from the sofa and leave his room so that the servants would clean it up. Olga Oblomova once asked Ilya in anguish about what had ruined him. To this he replied: "Oblomovism." N. A. Dobrolyubov, a well-known critic, also believed that "Oblomovism" was the fault of all the troubles of Ilya Ilyich. This is the environment in which the main character was forced to grow up.
The role of education in shaping a person's personality
In the novel, "Oblomov" was not accidentally accented by the author. As you can see, the way of life, worldview, character of each person are formed in childhood. The environment in which personality development takes place, teachers, parents - all this greatly influences the formation of character. If a child is not accustomed to work and independence from childhood, if one does not show him by his own example that something useful should be done every day and that time should not be wasted, then one should not be surprised that he will grow up a weak-willed and lazy person, similar to Ilya Ilyich from the work of Goncharov.
