The problem of rudeness and arguments to it for writing C1 in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"

The main character of the story M.A. Bulgakov " dog's heart", Professor Preobrazhensky is a hereditary intellectual and an outstanding medical scientist. He dreams of turning a dog into a man. This is how Sharikov is born with the heart of a stray dog, the brain of a person with three convictions and a pronounced passion for alcohol. As a result of the operation, affectionate, although cunning Sharik turns into a boorish lumpen, capable of betrayal. Sharikov feels himself the master of life, he is arrogant, swaggering, aggressive. He quickly learns to drink vodka, be rude to servants, turn his ignorance into a weapon against education. The life of a professor and the inhabitants of his apartment becomes a living hell Sharikov is an image of a boorish attitude towards people.

D.I Fonvizin "Undergrowth"

Indignant at other people's rudeness, people often do not notice that they themselves sometimes behave just as outrageously. Perhaps the best way to see this is in the way parents treat their children. The character of a person is formed in the family, and what kind of person could Mitrofanushka become? He adopted all the vices from his mother: extreme ignorance, rudeness, greed, cruelty, contempt of others, rudeness. Not surprising, because parents are always the main role model for children. And what example could Mrs. Prostakova set for her son if she allowed herself to be rude, rude, and humiliate others before his eyes? Of course, she loved Mitrofan, but in connection with this she spoiled him greatly.

1. Let's remember the story of A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter". Grinev, in love with Masha Mironova, wrote a poem and read it to Shvabrin so that he would appreciate the work. Grinev expected praise, but Shvabrin said that the poems were not good. Taking a notebook, he made out every word, ridiculing the poem.

2. M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". The chairman of the House Committee Shvonder, trying to express himself in florid, weighty phrases, builds incorrect, meaningless sentences, which is why Professor Preobrazhensky cannot understand him. Entering the professor's house, neither he nor his companions took off their hats, and with their dirty shoes they soiled the clean carpets.

Poligraf Poligrafovich Sharikov is also uncultured in Bulgakov's story.

His speech is replete with colloquial and rude words, and he always looks untidy: his clothes are torn, dirty and tasteless. The appearance of this hero deprives all the people around him of peace. Sharikov spends all day swearing and playing the balalaika, comes into the house drunk and brings strangers with him.

3. From the memoirs of V.P. Astafiev. In a sanatorium, during a classical music concert, the audience left the hall, loudly slamming chair covers, insulting the musicians.

Updated: 2017-07-23

Attention!
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and press Ctrl+Enter.
Thus, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.

Thank you for your attention.

We have formulated the most popular problems that are reflected in the texts for the essay on the exam. Arguments addressing these issues appear under the headings listed in the table of contents. You can download all of this in table format at the end of the article.

1. Some people like to ask the question: is education even necessary? Why this education? And often they prefer to achieve more attractive goals. So did Mitrofanushka, one of the heroes comedy D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth". His famous line “I don’t want to study, I want to get married”, unfortunately, for many becomes an incentive to postpone their studies, but Fonvizin only emphasizes what kind of character is really ignorant. During the lesson and at the exam, he shows laziness and illiteracy, and even in family relationships he demonstrates the inability and unwillingness to establish contact and understand the interlocutors. The author makes fun of the ignorance of a young man so that the reader understands how relevant education is.
2. Many people simply do not want to learn something new and are fixated only on traditions, although it is important to live in the present at any time. It is this idea that the only " new person» in A. Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. The hero seeks to prove to the Famusov society that life does not stand still, he tries to encourage the characters to learn new trends in a rapidly developing world. Unfortunately, Chatsky is only faced with misunderstanding, and even recognized as crazy. However, the author emphasizes precisely his advanced views against servility and serfdom, since changes are long overdue. The rest of the characters simply preferred to live in the past, although the whole subtext of the comedy is that only Chatsky, misunderstood by society, remains right.

The inability to find a use for education

1. Many educated characters stood out in society, but not all were able to find a worthy use for their abilities. The reader meets the hero, disappointed and drooping in an existential crisis. A. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin". The young nobleman immediately impresses the well-read Tatyana Larina precisely by the fact that he does not look like the inhabitants of the village, moreover, he reminds her of the hero of sentimental novels. Onegin is bored with everything, science does not bring pleasure, and even love could not save the hero. Eugene, a representative of the young noble intelligentsia, was never able to realize his abilities by the end of the work.
2. The “superfluous person” in literature is a hero who can do everything, but does not want anything. This is Grigory Pechorin from the novel by M. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". Pechorin is a young officer, a nobleman who has never been able to find happiness, despite the fact that the world is full of opportunities. Gregory often analyzes his actions, but still remains disappointed. Pechorin is really smart, but he himself reflects that he was given a high appointment, he just didn’t guess it. Lermontov in his novel raises the problem of the inability to find a worthy application for the "immense forces" that a person is endowed with.
3. It happens that even a capable person cannot or simply does not want to realize their potential. Let's turn to Goncharov's novel "Oblomov". The protagonist is a middle-aged nobleman who prefers to lie on the couch for most of his life. Ilya Ilyich has a kind soul, an honest heart, and he himself is not a rather stupid character, but under conditions modern society Oblomov simply does not want to make a career. Only Olga Ilyinskaya prompted the hero to change his lifestyle for a short time, but in the end, Oblomov returns to his original place, never overcoming his laziness.

Focus on self-development

1. For some, it is knowledge and the realization of their own abilities that are primary, so they are ready to reject spiritual values. IN Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is a future doctor for whom medicine is everything. The protagonist is a nihilist, and only science remains sacred to him. From his own experience, Eugene understands that he is also capable of tender feelings, but the embodiment of medical education for him still comes first. Just as at the beginning of the novel we see Bazarov going to the swamp for frogs for experiments, so at the end of the work, when the hero has already fallen in love, he does not forget about medical practice, it also destroys him.
2. Literature often raises the topical issue of finding the meaning of life, and the German poet Johann Wolfgang Goethe is no exception. IN "Fauste" main character- a real genius, a skilled doctor who has mastered philosophy, theology and jurisprudence. However, he still considered himself a fool, and only after joint adventures with the devil Mephistopheles does the hero realize that the meaning of his life is precisely in self-development. His thirst for knowledge saved his soul, and only in the education and knowledge of the world did Faust find true happiness. Neither love, nor beauty, nor wealth managed to inspire the hero so much as the desire for enlightenment.
3. It is difficult to argue that education is important, and some believe that knowledge of the sciences is above all. Let's remember "Ode to the day of the ascension ... of Elizabeth" by Mikhail Lomonosov. Having quoted an excerpt from the work, we want to note that in the 18th century education was also quite highly valued. “Sciences nourish young men, give joy to the old, in happy life they decorate, in an accident they take care of ”- this is exactly what the great Russian poet says. Indeed, if we look back at the successes and achievements of Lomonosov, it will be difficult to disagree with how important education and the pursuit of knowledge are. A simple man from the outback made a career in the capital, determining the course of domestic scientific thought.

The role of books in human life

1. An educated person is usually intelligent and well-read. It is difficult to imagine a person striving for knowledge who does not recognize the authority of books and, in principle, does not like to read. We meet a great influence of the book on the fate of the character in the novel by F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, goes to the murder, after which he falls into a terrible state of contemplation of his act. He lives in fear of publicizing his sin and almost goes crazy, but thanks to Sonya Marmeladova, who reads an episode from the Bible to him, he finds salvation. An excerpt from the holy book told about the resurrection of Lazarus, and this was the main key to Raskolnikov's decision: in order for the soul to come to rebirth, sincere repentance is necessary. So thanks to the book - the Bible, the hero embarks on the path of moral resurrection.
2. Many people not only take learning and reading lightly, but really believe that it is better to do without it in life. We can observe such a situation in Aldous Huxley's novel O Wonderful new world» . The plot is rapidly unfolding in the genre of dystopia, where books are strictly prohibited, moreover, an aversion to reading is instilled in the lower castes. Only the Savage is trying to remind society that it is absolutely impossible to live like this, and science and art should not be banned. The hedonistic society is actually an illusion, which the hero cannot stand. Due to the non-existent "brave new world" the author only emphasizes how important the book is for the formation of the individual.
3. Surprisingly, some recognized geniuses owe their success not so much to education as to passion for literature. Reading prompted W. Shakespeare to write great tragedies, which even a non-reading student has heard about. But the English poet did not receive a higher education, it was his ability to draw relevant and interesting thoughts from books that helped Shakespeare reach such heights. So the German writer Goethe found literary success due to the fact that in his youth he devoted his free time reading. An educated person, of course, is capable of self-realization, but without reading books it is much more difficult to realize their potential.

Education as a future vocation

1. In A. Chekhov's story "Ionych" the main character is a young zemstvo doctor. At the beginning of the work, Dmitry Startsev spends time with the Turkin family, which was considered "the most educated and talented." However, after the refusal of Ekaterina Ivanovna to the marriage proposal, he moves away from this house and is disappointed in its inhabitants. Several years passed, and during this time Startsev began to look differently at many things, including his vocation. If earlier his medical education inspired him to work, now he is only interested in money. At any time, it is so important to remain passionate about your vocation so that education brings not only income, but also pleasure.
2. Many people need talent to find their calling, but education is also important to develop it. The great Alexander Pushkin studied at the Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo, where he also developed his skills as a poet. He also raised the theme of vocation in his work, speaking of poetry. One of the poems about the purpose of the poet is the work "The Prophet", where the poet, thanks to metamorphoses, is endowed with a divine purpose. Like a lyrical hero, Pushkin adequately embodies his vocation, but in real life education, of course, helped him a lot.

Essay requirements for the exam last years changed repeatedly, but one thing remained unchanged - the need to prove the correctness of their judgments. And for this you need to choose the right arguments.

The problem of repentance will interest us in the first place. In this article, we will present several options for arguments selected from the school bibliography. From it you can choose those that are best suited for your work.

What are the arguments for?

When writing an essay for part C, you need to express your opinion on a given topic. But your thesis needs proof. That is, it is necessary not only to express your position, but also to confirm it.

Very often, the problem of repentance comes across in exams, it is quite easy to find arguments for it if the student is well acquainted with the school literary program. However, not everyone is able to immediately recall the desired work, so it is better to pick up a few arguments on the most common topics in advance.

What are the arguments

In order to fully reveal the problem of repentance, the arguments must be selected based on the basic requirements of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. According to them, all evidence is divided into three types:

• Personal experience, that is, facts taken from your life. They do not have to be reliable, because no one will check whether this actually happened.
• Information that was obtained by the student from the school curriculum. For example, from the lessons of geography, history, etc.
• Literary arguments, which will interest us in the first place. This is the reading experience that the examinee must acquire during the course of study.

Arguments from literature

So, we are interested in the problem of repentance. Arguments from the literature will be required if you want to get a high score for an essay. At the same time, when choosing arguments, priority should be given to those works that are included in the school curriculum or are considered classics. You should not take the texts of little-known authors or popular literature (fantasy, detective stories, etc.), as they may be unfamiliar to the inspectors. Therefore, it is necessary to refresh in advance the main works that were studied in school years. Usually in one novel or story you can find examples on almost all topics found in the exam. The best option would be to immediately select several works that are familiar to you. So let's take a look at a classic that raises the issue of remorse.

The Captain's Daughter (Pushkin)

In Russian literature, the problem of repentance is very common. Arguments are therefore quite easy to pick up. Let's start with our most famous writer A. S. Pushkin and his novel The Captain's Daughter.

In the center of the work is the love of the protagonist Peter Grinev. This feeling is wide and comprehensive, like life. What interests us in this feeling is that it was thanks to him that the hero realized the evil that he had caused to his loved ones, realized his mistakes and was able to repent. Thanks to the fact that Grinev revised his views on life and attitude towards others, he was able to change the future for himself and his beloved.

Thanks to repentance, his best qualities appeared in Peter - generosity, honesty, disinterestedness, courage, etc. We can say that it changed him and made him a different person.

"Sotnik" (Bulls)

Now let's talk about Bykov's work, which presents a completely different side of the problem of remorse. Arguments from the literature can be different, and you need to choose them depending on your statement, so it is worth stocking up on a variety of examples.

Thus, the theme of repentance in "The Centurion" is not at all similar to Pushkin's. First of all, because the characters themselves are different. Partisan Rybak is captured, in order to survive, he needs to hand over a comrade to the Germans. And he does this. But years pass, and the thought of betrayal does not leave him. Remorse overtakes him too late, this feeling can no longer fix anything. Moreover, it does not allow Rybak to live in peace.

In this work, repentance did not become an opportunity for the hero to get out of the vicious circle and get rid of suffering. Bykov did not consider Rybak worthy of forgiveness. On the other hand, a person must answer for such crimes all his life, since he betrayed not only his friend, but also his own and those close to him.

"Dark alleys" (Bunin)

The problem of remorse can also be seen in another light. Arguments for writing on the exam should be varied, so let's take Bunin's story "Dark Alleys" as an example. In this work, the hero did not have enough strength to admit his mistakes and repent, but retribution overtook him. Once in his youth, Nikolai seduced and abandoned a girl who sincerely loved him. Time passed, but she was never able to forget her first love, so she refused the courtship of other men and preferred solitude. But Nikolai did not find happiness either. Life severely punished him for his misdeed. The hero's wife is constantly cheating on him, and the son has become a real scoundrel. However, all this does not lead him to thoughts of repentance. Here, repentance appears before the reader as an act that requires incredible spiritual efforts and courage, which not everyone can find in themselves. It is for indecision and lack of will that Nikolai pays.

As an argument, an example from " dark alleys” is suitable only for those who, in their thesis, turned to the problem of retribution and retribution for those who did not repent of their atrocities. Only then will the mention of this work be appropriate.

"Boris Godunov" (Pushkin)

Now let's talk about the problem of belated remorse. The arguments for this topic will be slightly different, since we will be interested in only one of the aspects of repentance. So, this problem is perfectly revealed in Pushkin's tragedy "Boris Godunov". This example is not only literary, but also partly historical, as the writer refers to the description of the epoch-making events that took place in our country.

In "Boris Godunov" the problem of late repentance is very clearly presented. Arguments for written work on this topic must be selected taking into account the Pushkin tragedy. In the center of the work is the story of Godunov, who ascended the royal throne. However, he had to pay a terrible price for power - to kill the baby, the real heir, Tsarevich Dmitry. Several years have passed, and now it is time to repent. The hero is no longer able to correct what he has done, he can only suffer and suffer. His conscience does not give him rest, bloody boys begin to seem to Godunov everywhere. Those close to the king understand that he is weakening and going crazy. The boyars decide to overthrow the illegal lord and kill him. Thus, Godunov dies for the same reason as Dmitry. Such is the retribution of the hero for a bloody crime, repentance for which overtook him only after a few years.

The problem of human repentance. Arguments from Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"

The theme of repentance has become the basis for another great work, which has gained considerable popularity and love among readers.

The protagonist commits a crime to prove his inhuman theory about lower and higher people. Raskolnikov commits a murder and begins to suffer, but tries in every possible way to drown out the voice of his conscience. He doesn't want to admit he's wrong. Remorse becomes turning point in the life and fate of Raskolnikov. It opens the way for him to faith and true values, makes you reconsider your views and realize what is truly expensive in this world.

Dostoevsky throughout the whole novel led his hero precisely to repentance, to the admission of his guilt. This feeling made the best traits of Raskolnikov's character appear and made him much more attractive. Although the hero nevertheless suffered punishment for his crime, and it turned out to be very severe.

The problem of repentance: arguments from life

Now let's talk about another type of arguments. Such examples are very easy to find. Even if nothing like this has happened in your life, you can invent it. However, such arguments are rated lower than literary ones. So, for a good book example, you will get 2 points, and for life - only one.

Arguments based on personal experience rely on observations of one's own life, the lives of parents, relatives, friends and acquaintances.

Need to remember

There are several general requirements for any essay, including those that deal with the problem of guilt and remorse. Arguments must necessarily confirm the thesis expressed by you and in no case contradict it. It is also necessary to take into account the following points:

• Checkers only consider and evaluate the first two arguments, so there is no point in giving more examples. It is better to pay attention not to quantity, but to quality.
• Remember that literary arguments are ranked higher, so try to include at least one such example.
• Do not forget about examples taken from folklore or folk tales. Similar arguments are also taken into account, but are evaluated with only one point.
• Remember that for all arguments you can score 3 points. Therefore, it is best to follow the following pattern: one example from folklore or personal experience, the second from literature.

Now a few words about how to write a literary argument correctly:

• Be sure to include the last name and initials of the author and the full title of the work.
• It is not enough to name the writer and the title, you need to describe the main characters, their words, actions, thoughts, but only those that are related to the topic of the essay and your thesis.
• The approximate amount of text per argument is one or two sentences. But these figures ultimately depend on the specific topic.
• Start giving examples only after you have expressed your position.

Summing up

Thus, the problem of repentance is widely represented in the literature. Arguments for the exam in the Russian language, therefore, it will not be difficult to pick up. The main thing is that all your examples confirm the thesis and look concise and harmonious. Often the main problem of the examinees is not the choice of the work, but the description of it. Expressing an idea in a few sentences is not always easy. In order to avoid such a problem, you need to practice in advance. Take a piece of paper and try to concisely and clearly describe your judgments, without breaking out of the declared volumes.

The main thing is not to lose confidence and prepare as best as possible, then it will not be difficult to get.

With each generation, human society is changing: it acquires new knowledge, learns something new, makes many discoveries that bring the world to a new level of life... But do we see in what direction people themselves are changing? How do they combine arrogance, rudeness, impudence? Do we notice how the boorish behavior of society goes unpunished? It is these questions that interest S. Dovlatov.

The main problem of this text is the problem of rudeness.

"Recourse to synonyms did not help him, because "impudence", "rudeness" and "impudence" were decisively different.

Then S. Dovlatov himself began to reason on this topic: impudence - pressure without moral and legal grounds; impudence - arrogance plus lack of shame; and rudeness is, rather, an external form of behavior that does not affect the foundations. And what is rudeness? It is significantly different from everything else. He has nothing to fight back. This helped S. Dovlatov to conclude that "rudeness is nothing but rudeness, arrogance and impudence taken together, but at the same time multiplied by impunity."

Based on the text, we can conclude about the position of the author, which is quite clear. The whole point is that rudeness is not punishable. There is nothing to stop him. Therefore, it is impossible to help those who suffer from this.

I am in full solidarity with S. Dovlatov. I also believe that it is precisely because of impunity that it not only exists, but also multiplies. And there is no way to stop this until people can figure out how to fight back against this behavior.

Fiction provides us with many examples of this topic. Take at least a play by N.A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". A rude and impudent Kabanikha, who has not gone far from her Wild ... Isn't this rudeness? Not only do they present themselves as representatives of the "dark kingdom", shameless and arrogant, but they also harm other people in this way. The boar reproached Katerina, Dikoy - the workers ... Such a world, full of rudeness and lack of culture, cannot have a future. He will never leave the hole he is in. And in which he, most likely, will die.

As a second example, I would like to take the work of M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". Isn't Sharikov, a dog with the endocrine glands of the last drunkard and gambler, a boor in his nature? Profanity, arrogance, impudent behavior, rude attitude towards people ... All this only shows how rudeness has taken possession of Sharikov. But you can’t punish him, just as it was impossible to punish Klim Chugunkin, from whom these glands were taken. Rudeness is invincible. It is unpunished.

Carrying out technological progress, people completely forgot about what is happening to them: they do not notice what their speech and actions are. They do not observe rudeness on their part, which every day more and more coexists in our world ... It will exist forever until people start fighting it. That's just how they will begin to resist rudeness, if it still remains unpunished?