The letters of Eugene Onegin and Tatyana stand out sharply from the general canvas of the work of the great Russian poet. Even Pushkin himself involuntarily drew attention to them - a thoughtful reader will notice that the strictly organized “Onegin stanza” is no longer used here, but the complete poetic freedom of the author is noticeable.

Frank confession of the heroine

In the analysis of Tatyana's letter to Onegin, it is worth pointing out that it is, first of all, the appeal of a young girl who, due to her feelings, is forced to step over huge moral obstacles. She herself was afraid of the unexpected strength of the surging feelings. Tatyana Larina was the first to confess her love.

What prompted her to take such a bold step, besides a strong feeling that arose in her soul and did not give rest? Tatyana, without even realizing it, was sure that Onegin would reciprocate her in the future. Therefore, she was the first to decide to write a frank letter to her lover. Analyzing Tatyana's letter to Onegin, the critic V. G. Belinsky believed that it reflected sincerity and simplicity, since in the poem openness coexists with truth.

Contrasting Tatyana Onegin

Tatyana and Evgeny acutely feel alienated from the environment in which they are forced to live. Pushkin expresses this in the fact that in the "native family" she constantly felt like a stranger, and in the blues from which Onegin suffers. And dissatisfaction with reality contributes to the fact that both characters plunge headlong into the fictional world of books. Tatyana, reading sentimental novels, dreams of a bright and full of passion life.

The main principles on which the novel "Eugene Onegin" is organized are symmetry, as well as parallelism. Symmetry can be observed in the sequence of events: meeting - letter - explanation. It should be noted that Onegin and Tatyana change roles in the course of the work, and this corresponds not only to the external scheme, but also to the position of the narrator. In the first case, the poet is with Tatyana; in the second - with Onegin. The integrity of the heroine is opposed to her lover.

Expression of love of the heroine in a letter

The verse "Tatyana's letter to Onegin", which the heroine writes heart friend, characterizes her as an ordinary girl of her time. She was brought up on sentimental novels. In them, the heroine determined her own ideal of a lover, which was later projected onto Onegin.

In the letter, it is easy to see the sincerity of her motives, which are not covered by false words. She addresses her lover with warmth and tenderness, calling him "a sweet vision." The girl gives her life path into the power of her beloved, which is shown in an excerpt from Tatyana's letter to Onegin:

“Then in the highest council is destined ...
That is the will of heaven: I am yours"

The image of a highly intelligent girl

Unlike the main character, the image of the girl is much spiritually higher. F. M. Dostoevsky, analyzing Tatyana's letter to Onegin, wrote that it was Tatyana who was worth becoming main character works, because she is more developed spiritually and surpasses Onegin in mind.

It should also be taken into account that the letter is written in foreign language. And this is an indicator of a high level of education, which was typical for the nobles of those times. The verse "Tatyana's letter to Onegin", according to the plot, was written in French. Of course, in reality, no French letter from the girl ever existed. Tatyana's letter was a "mythical translation".

Asking for protection from your feelings

Tatyana shows independence in her actions and judgments. Of all, she chooses her hero, who could love her, eventually become the father of her children. There is an interesting phrase in the letter:

“I shed tears before you,

I beg your protection."

From whom does the heroine ask to protect herself? Brodsky, who studied the work of A. S. Pushkin and analyzed Tatyana's letter to Onegin, emphasizes that it is impossible to fully understand these lines if you do not pay attention to the letter of the heroine Yulia from Rousseau's work The New Eloise. Her words literally translate as: "You must protect me from yourself." However, one should not be limited only to the guess that the great Russian poet could borrow these words from Tatyana's favorite work. She is afraid of loneliness, her own feelings, possible rash acts. And she does one of them by sending this letter to Onegin.

Loneliness

The summary of Tatyana's letter to Onegin shows that neither the nanny nor the relatives can understand the longing that fills her heart. And for the character of the heroine, the possibility of such recognition is excluded - she can only tell about her feelings to someone who is equal to her in intelligence. If she loses Onegin, then she will have only one thing left - to die among already rejected admirers. But the heroine is ready to meekly accept both the refusal of her lover and his love. She writes without the light of a lamp. The state of mind takes the heroine into a world far from reality - this is the highest degree of abstraction. However, Tatyana writes with a firm hand - confession of her feelings is her personal choice.

Let's imagine for a moment that we find ourselves in the middle of the nineteenth century. We will find ourselves in the society in which the heroes of A.S. Pushkin Tatiana Larina and Eugene Onegin.

Despite the fact that Eugene and Tatyana lived at the same time and in the same society, their perception of this society is very different. Onegin's world is a secular world of magnificent receptions and balls, and Tatyana is a poetic, dreamy and spiritual nature. You will involuntarily ask yourself: could Evgeny and Tatyana be together? This question cannot be answered unambiguously. First you need to determine: what do they have in common?

I think the only thing they have in common is the desire to love and be loved. Perhaps they could have been together if not for the influence of the society in which they lived. Societies where there is no love, where there is only a game of love. Therefore, Onegin does not believe in anything: neither in happiness, nor in love. The years spent in the artificial world of illusions of kindness left a certain imprint on his later life. After many years of his life spent in lies and betrayal, Eugene simply cannot believe in his happiness. This explains his tragic misunderstanding of Tatyana.

Having written a letter, Tatyana does an unusual a brave deed, not characteristic of a girl of that time, violating all the rules generally accepted in her environment, since for such an act they could not only not understand the girl, but also slander. But her confession was not heard by Onegin's chilled heart. He is not able to respond to Tatyana's love, as his feelings are distorted by society. He did not understand Tatyana: she writes to him about love, and he tells her about marriage.

Onegin's confession, perhaps at first glance, is very noble. He did not deceive Tatyana, but, on the contrary, immediately told her the whole truth. But if you think about it, it's safe to say that the hero is soul dead and has a heart of stone. Onegin with his own hands ruined the happiness that suddenly fell on him. Perhaps he was simply afraid of love and was afraid to do or say something wrong to Tatyana. Indeed, at that time, many girls were just having fun with boys, without experiencing absolutely anything. Perhaps that is why Eugene was afraid of such happiness.

He was always lonely, but when another person extended his hand to him, opened his heart, he turned out to be morally blind and deaf.

I think that he once dreamed of a girl like Tatyana, but over time everything changed. The society in which he lived killed everything beautiful that once was in him. It seems that Onegin is much higher than the society that surrounds him, at the same time he is his prisoner.

The last scene is the most amazing in the whole novel. In it, Onegin still decides to tell Tatyana about his feelings, but years later, when they met at the ball.

When Tatyana becomes a noble lady, she sadly recalls her former rural life. Tatyana still loves Evgeny. Even at the meeting, she remained faithful to her husband.

Based on everything, I can say for sure that the relationship between Eugene and Tatyana could not have ended differently, since even after years they could not understand each other, and in a relationship, I think, the most important thing is understanding.

1. Contrasting the metropolitan and rural lifestyles.
2. Onegin and Lensky.
3. Contrasting Tatyana and Olga.
4. Tatyana - an inexperienced village young lady and a society lady.

It is easy to see that one of the main principles that guided A. S. Pushkin when writing his novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" is opposition. This is the opposition of the characters' characters, and the opposition of two ways of life - urban and rural, metropolitan noise and quiet solitude. Here is how the father of Eugene Onegin lived:

Serving excellently, nobly,

His father lived in debt

Gave three balls annually

And finally screwed up.

And Uncle Onegin at that time led a measured and monotonous life on his estate:

...Village old-timer

For forty years I quarreled with the housekeeper,

He looked out the window and crushed flies.

... Onegin opened the cabinets:

In one I found a parish notebook,

In another liquor, a whole system ...

Pushkin shows a huge difference in the interests of the urban dandy and rural landowners. Of course, Onegin has a rather superficial education, but he has read many books, can talk about economics, express his opinion about ancient poetry, and even quote a few stanzas in Latin. And rural landowners have simple conversations "about haymaking, about wine, about the kennel, about their relatives."

It should be noted that Onegin himself emphatically opposes himself to the society of his village neighbors: as soon as he hears one of them riding to visit him, he mounts a horse and leaves home.

Vladimir Lensky, a young landowner who arrived at his estate at about the same time as Onegin, is, of course, a person of a completely different cast and range of interests than the rest of the villagers. He is an educated person (Pushkin mentions that Lensky studied at the famous University of Göttingen in Germany), he is fond of philosophy and poetry. That is why Onegin and Lensky, despite the great dissimilarity of characters, became friends. They had a lot to talk about. But, if you take a closer look, Onegin and Lensky were antipodes in more than Onegin and some "village old-timer" like his late uncle:

They agreed. Wave and stone

Poetry and prose, ice and fire

Not so different from each other.

Onegin is a person satiated with pleasures, equally yawning "among fashionable and ancient halls." He is still able to appreciate the sincerity and strength of Tatyana's feelings, but he does not want and cannot share them, since his soul has lost its immediacy and faith in happiness.

And Lensky, unlike Onegin, sincerely believes in love and friendship. He is still very young; years spent in Germany, he devoted to his studies and paid little attention to reality. He cherishes lofty dreams, and he has not yet encountered the inconstancy and meanness of people:

From the cold debauchery of the world

Haven't faded yet

His soul was warmed

Hello friend, caress maidens.

And if Onegin closed his heart to feelings, then Lensky was in love, "as in our summer they no longer love." Of course, Olga is very sweet - the charm of youth, liveliness, spontaneity, but Lensky does not notice the peculiarities of the character of his bride. He sees in her an ideal, which he sings. We can say that he came up with a certain image and identified it with Olga, whom he has known since childhood. In the same way, Tatyana transfers the features of the heroes of the novels to Onegin, who, despite his coldness and indifference, nevertheless remarked that “Olga has no life in features,” telling Lensky that in his place he would have chosen another sister. Thus, Onegin (and Pushkin, of course) contrasts the two sisters.

Always humble, always obedient,

Always as cheerful as the morning ...

Eyes like the sky, blue

Smile, linen curls.

A charming doll portrait, but do not look for depth and constancy in it! And what does Pushkin draw Tatyana, his favorite heroine? She is not at all like her sister: thoughtful, silent, dreamy, she loves solitude since childhood:

Nor the beauty of his sister,

Nor the freshness of her ruddy

She would not attract eyes.

Dika, sad, silent,

Like a forest doe is timid,

She is in her family

Seemed like a stranger girl.

The dissimilarity of the sisters is also manifested in the way they relate to love. Olga, a cheerful frolic, can calmly flirt with another in the presence of her fiancé. And when the ill-fated Lensky dies in a duel with Onegin, Olga quickly finds solace and marries a lancer. It is unlikely that she remembered her first love for a long time.

Tatyana's attitude to the suddenly flared up feeling for Onegin is completely different. The heroine not only takes the feeling for Onegin seriously, she sincerely believes that this is fate, that this is for life. It is in this attitude to love that the explanation is rooted that the girl herself decided to write a letter to the young man and confess her feelings, although in those days it was considered a bold offense. And even when Onegin rejects Tatyana's love, the girl continues to love him. When she becomes a princess, a secular lady, she still does not forget her first and only love.

But if in the depths of her soul Tatyana remains the same, then her manners change so much that Onegin barely recognizes in the princess that rural girl who once confessed her love to him. Onegin told her: "... learn to rule yourself." Well, she learned this science well! Previously, everyone could have noticed Tatyana's confusion (if only the attention of the guests at her name day had not been diverted by a fat pie). Now no one will read on the girl's face what is happening in her soul. Perhaps the meeting with Onegin at a social event stirred up in Tatyana memories of her former life and naive girlish dreams, but she did not betray her feelings in any way:

Onegin and Tatiana change roles. Once he was indifferent to the girl, now he is looking for her attention. Once, in self-forgetfulness of feelings, she wrote a letter to Onegin with a declaration of love, now he writes to her. And Tatyana is cold and imperturbable. She can talk to Onegin, she can not notice him. Tatyana does not distinguish him from other guests visiting her house or those houses where she visits. In those stanzas where Pushkin tells about the new look of Tatiana, he constantly reminds of what she was like, compares, contrasts the secular lady with the former naive young lady, obsessed with reading sentimental romance novels. But at the end of the work it becomes clear that the opposition of Tatiana to the present and the former is purely external, conditional. Deep down, she regrets the simple rural life and loves Onegin no matter what. “But I am given to another and I will be faithful to him for a century,” she replies to Onegin’s love confession. Tatyana remains faithful not only to her husband, but also to herself.

A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" leads us to many thoughts. This work was written more than 150 years ago, but it still excites us. In it we find answers to many questions that arise in our lives. First of all, I was interested in the difficulties of finding the meaning of life, the problems of relationships between the main characters of the novel.
In our life we ​​meet different people. Some have willpower, are true to their convictions, others do not immediately see clearly in life, make mistakes. But they are all trying to find some higher meaning in their existence.
The novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" is one of the first social novels Russian literature. It deals with the problem of the relationship between the individual and society. The idea of ​​changing society through the moral improvement of a person, along with the idea of ​​the imperfection of Pushkin's contemporary state of social development, underlies his largest work.
This idea was most clearly expressed in the comparison of Onegin and Tatyana. They strong personalities. Both feel like strangers in the cold and idle bustle then life. Both are capable of love and suffering. They are smart enough to understand emptiness secular life, and therefore both reject it.
But nevertheless it is very different people. The contrast between the characters of Onegin and Tatyana is due to the fact that Onegin very early experienced the influence of "light" with its barren, empty fuss. Onegin characterizes himself stricter than anyone else. He confesses to self-interest:
What low deceit
Amuse the half-dead
Fix his pillows
Sad to give medicine
Sigh and think to yourself:
"When will the devil take you"
Onegin was intolerant not only to his uncle. He was wild in the company of the Larins, where they talked only about the kennel, wine, relatives. “Maud is an exemplary pupil,” fearing “decisive and strict judges,” he went into solitude. This explains his indifference, the ability "to remain silent in an important dispute with a learned look of a connoisseur."
I do not blame Onegin for this. Rotating in high society, he had to follow the customs and rules that were accepted there. I like Onegin because he did not like to blur in his dreams, he felt more than he spoke, and did not open himself to everyone. I am glad that Pushkin himself spoke flatteringly about his hero. I liked his features
Dreams involuntary devotion
Inimitable strangeness
And a sharp, chilled mind.
Onegin understands the illusiveness of the life of secular people, despises them, is burdened by this life, but cannot find anything in return. Living only for himself, not taking into account the feelings and experiences of other people, Onegin commits a number of unworthy deeds: he behaves recklessly at the Larins' ball, agrees to a duel and kills Lensky.
Selfishness leads Onegin to a difficult emotional drama, to discord with himself.
Tatyana - the "sweet" and "faithful" ideal of moral purity - is the direct opposite of Onegin. The formation of her character from the very early childhood took place in the bosom of nature. It developed freely, without experiencing any alien influences. Tatyana loved nature and found comfort in it. She was fond of reading, it was a dreamy and romantic nature.
But this does not mean at all that the environment in which Tatyana was brought up suited her. Tatyana, instinctively pushing away from herself everything low, vulgar, ordinary, which did not correspond to her romantic perception of the world, created her own special, poetic world.
Terrible stories, poetic folk tales, omens, the mysteriously beautiful life of nature, novels - this is what this girl lived. Brought up on sentimental novels, Tatyana concentrated all her spiritual powers on the sphere of feelings. To live for her meant to feel, the purpose of life was love for a strong, beautiful, perfect person, to whom she "hands over her fate."
So, Tatyana's natural need is to love and be loved. It was this need that was the manifestation of her passionate and strong nature. It is she who results in a fiery feeling for Onegin, a feeling in which there is no place for egoism, vanity, in which there is not a drop of coquetry.
Having fallen in love with Onegin, she writes him a letter, sincerely confessing her feelings. Onegin, however, having appreciated Tatiana at its true worth, singling her out of the circle of rural ladies, refuses the offer.
He did not want to tie the knot, and he did not have deep feelings for Tatyana at that time. Therefore, I do not dare to condemn him in this case.
It seemed to me that Onegin was one of those who, in any situation, acts deliberately and decisively. But at the first test, he gives in to environment. On the fateful morning before the duel, he becomes a slave to secular conventions. Zaretsky's intervention is enough, and now Onegin imagines "whispers, laughter of fools." Challenge accepted.
I think this is the most tragic moment in the novel. From this moment, Onegin's suffering begins. It is from here that the breaking of his life begins, a hasty flight from the village, a restless journey through native land and a growing sense of worthlessness:
... Why don't I feel in my shoulder
Even rheumatism? - ah, the creator!
I am young, my life is strong;
What should I expect? sorrow, sorrow!
Tatyana, if she used to live in dreams, now, having fallen in love, she inevitably had to face life. But by this time, Tatyana's character had managed to take shape, and therefore she emerges from life's trials morally undefeated.
Thus, Tatyana's moral purity is opposed to Onegin's egoism, generated by social conditions. This opposition allows the author to clearly show the imperfection of society, which disfigures the human soul.
But Tatyana's fate is also tragic: she is not destined to be happy.
The impossibility of these people, as if created for each other, to be happy together is the main reproach to society.
What did Pushkin see as ways of progressive change in society? He believed in the possibility of improving society through moral improvement. He believed that if all people understand what is true love and true suffering, then they will get rid of both selfishness and the desire to arrange their affairs at someone else's expense, leave empty squabbles and gossip, understand the worthlessness of their existence and finally take up a deed worthy of a person.
And Pushkin suggests this idea, showing Onegin's love for Tatyana, who revives a person in him. Yes, it was love for Tatyana, and not the death of Lensky. After the duel, Onegin, accustomed to living only for himself, separated from the world by a wall of cold contempt and selfishness, lost his only spiritual support - respect for himself.
And only when he met Tatyana again, having fallen in love with her, did he understand what true feeling is and what suffering is that elevates and purifies the soul. He saw in her a wonderful exception from the circle of empty secular beauties, he was captivated by her spiritual beauty and moral strength.
This was the woman he dreamed about without realizing it, because before the death of Lensky, which suddenly and terribly awakened his soul, all Onegin's feelings were in a sleepy stupor. At that time, he simply was not capable of love.
In addition to the moral impact on Onegin, Pushkin shows the huge positive influence of Tatiana in the "light". In the pure moral atmosphere radiated by her, even the most narrow-minded people became better, nobler, since in her salon not wealth, not nobility, but intelligence and a warm heart were valued. Here honors were given according to merit, here it was impossible to deceive and hypocrite.
Pushkin points the way to the moral elevation of people and the improvement of society through the naturalness and beauty of relationships. This manifested the great humanism of Pushkin, who defended the right of the individual to be free, to love and believe in life. These hopes were born of the kindness and greatness of a genius who aroused "good feelings" in the hearts of his contemporaries and descendants.

Choose only ONE of the proposed essay topics (2.1–2.4). In the answer sheet, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay of at least 200 words (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is estimated at 0 points).

Rely on the author's position (in the essay on lyrics, consider the author's intention), formulate your point of view. Argument your thesis based on literary works(in an essay on lyrics, it is necessary to analyze at least two poems). Use literary-theoretical concepts to analyze the work. Consider the composition of the essay. Write your essay clearly and legibly, following the rules of speech.

2.5. What plots from the works of domestic and foreign literature are relevant to you and why? (Based on the analysis of one or two works.)

Explanation.

2.1. What is the meaning of comparing Tatyana and Olga in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

The characters of the Larin sisters are shown through opposition to each other. Olga is a cheerful, cheerful girl. She is an obedient daughter, her parents love her, from childhood she was an ordinary child, nothing aroused fear in her. Lensky is madly in love with Olga. She reciprocates his advances, but her love is fickle. When Lensky died, she did not grieve for long and soon got married. Tatyana, on the contrary, is sad, silent, withdrawn into herself. She is not like other girls. While everyone was embroidering, filling out albums, Tatyana read novels and admired nature. Unlike her sister, “she seemed like a stranger in her own family. / She did not know how to caress / To her father, nor to her mother.” Tatyana is a deep nature and loves Tatyana for real, not like Olga, it is no coincidence that Pushkin sees the ideal of a Russian woman in Tatyana.

2.2. As in the works of V.S. Vysotsky reveals the theme human dignity? (According to two or three poems of the poet).

Vladimir Vysotsky is a phenomenon of the seventies, his work is original and multifaceted. He wrote more than 600 poems and songs, played more than 20 roles in plays and more than 20 roles in films and television films. The social and moral position of Vysotsky found the most vivid expression in the "author's song" (the term of V. Vysotsky himself). The civic nerve of his work was truthfulness - that sharp and natural reaction to public issues that excited everyone, caused reflection. In this regard, Vysotsky's work was a normal reaction of a normal person, alien to life with a double bottom (we see one thing - we say another), elevated by an artistic gift and talent of sincerity to the level of high folk art. This is "Banka in white" - a legend about tragic fate a person who has gone through accusations and repressions; "Alien track" - a parable about the inertia of a meaningless movement and its perniciousness; “To me in a restaurant yesterday evening ...” is a caustic satire about the ascent of shopkeeper thieves to the Olympus of Public reverence. The poet did not separate himself from his heroes, he acutely felt and, as it were, shifted the complex intricacies of their destinies, pain and bitterness of experiences onto his shoulders. His songs are a kind of self-knowledge of the people's soul.

IN folk traditions the interpretation of the main characters of the "Song" is given. Kalashnikov - folk hero, defender of national morality, honor and justice. He defends not only his good name, but also the honor of the entire Orthodox people. Therefore, his name will remain for centuries, despite the disfavor of the authorities. Merchant Kalashnikov continues the line of Lermontov's heroes-avengers. Kalashnikov is dear to the poet not only as a fighter against untruth and arbitrariness. No less precious is his moral steadfastness, his inner conviction that he is right.

2.4. How does bureaucracy appear in the comedy by N.V. Gogol's "Inspector"

The action in The Inspector General dates back to the early 1930s. All sorts of abuses of power, embezzlement and bribery, arbitrariness and disdain for the people were characteristic, ingrained features of the then bureaucracy. This is exactly how Gogol shows the rulers of the county town in his comedy.

At the head of them is the mayor. He is not stupid: he judges more sensibly than his colleagues about the reasons for sending an auditor to them. Wise with life service experience, he deceived people. The mayor is a wise bribe-taker: “This is already arranged by God himself, and the Voltairians speak against it in vain.” He is constantly embezzling government money.

The second most important person in the city is Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin. Unlike other officials, he is a representative of the elected authorities: "elected as a judge by the will of the nobility." Therefore, he keeps freer with the mayor, allows himself to challenge him. He is regarded in the city as a "freethinker" and an educated man, having read five or six books.

Strawberry, the trustee of charitable establishments, is ready to denounce his colleagues. Postmaster Shpekin opens other people's letters.

All officials are drawn by Gogol, as if alive, each of them is unique. But at the same time, they all create the total image of the bureaucracy that governs the country, reveal the rottenness of the socio-political system of feudal Russia.