• True and false patriotism is one of central issues novel. Tolstoy's favorite heroes do not speak lofty words about love for the motherland, they do things in its name. Natasha Rostova persuades her mother to give carts to the wounded near Borodino, Prince Bolkonsky was mortally wounded on the Borodino field. Genuine patriotism, according to Tolstoy, is in ordinary Russian people, soldiers who, in a moment of mortal danger, give their lives for their Motherland.
• In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" some of the characters imagine themselves to be patriots and loudly shout about love for the fatherland. Others give their lives in the name of a common victory. These are simple Russian men in soldier's overcoats, fighters from the Tushin battery, who fought without cover. True patriots do not think about their own benefits. They feel the need to simply defend the land from enemy invasion. They have a genuine holy feeling of love for their homeland in their souls.

N.S. Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer"

The Russian person belongs, by definition, N.S. Leskov, "racial", patriotic consciousness. They are imbued with all the actions of the hero of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer", Ivan Flyagin. Being a prisoner of the Tatars, he does not forget for a moment that he is Russian, and with all his heart strives to return to his homeland. Taking pity on the unfortunate old people, Ivan volunteers to be recruited. The soul of the hero is inexhaustible, indestructible. He comes out of all life's trials with honor.

V.P. Astafiev
In one of his journalistic articles, the writer V.P. Astafiev spoke about how he had a rest in the southern sanatorium. Plants collected from all over the world grew in the seaside park. But suddenly he saw three birch trees, which miraculously took root in a foreign land. The author looked at these trees and remembered his village street. Love for one's small homeland is a manifestation of true patriotism.

The legend of Pandora's box.
A woman found a strange box in her husband's house. She knew that this object was fraught with a terrible danger, but her curiosity was so strong that she could not stand it and opened the lid. All sorts of troubles flew out of the box and scattered around the world. In this myth, a warning sounds to all mankind: rash actions on the path of knowledge can lead to a disastrous ending.

M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"
In M. Bulgakov's story, Professor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, a desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with " dog heart"- this is not yet a person, because there is no soul in him, there is no love, honor, nobility.

N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace".
The problem is revealed on the example of the images of Kutuzov, Napoleon, Alexander I. A person who is aware of his responsibility to his homeland, people, who knows how to understand them at the right time, is truly great. Such is Kutuzov, such simple people in the novel, who do their duty without lofty phrases.

A. Kuprin. "A wonderful doctor."
A man, tormented by poverty, is ready to commit suicide in despair, but the well-known doctor Pirogov, who happened to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate, and from that moment on, the life of the hero and his family changes in the happiest way. This story speaks eloquently of the fact that the act of one person can affect the fate of other people.

And S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons".
A classic work that shows the problem of misunderstanding between the older and younger generations. Yevgeny Bazarov feels like a stranger to both the elder Kirsanov and his parents. And, although by his own admission, he loves them, his attitude brings them grief.

L. N. Tolstoy. Trilogy "Childhood", "Boyhood", "Youth".
In an effort to know the world, to become an adult, Nikolenka Irtenev gradually learns the world, understands that much in it is imperfect, encounters a misunderstanding of the elders, sometimes offends them himself (chapters "Classes", "Natalya Savishna")

K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
The girl Nastya, living in Leningrad, receives a telegram stating that her mother is sick, but the things that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, arrives in the village, it turns out to be too late: her mother is already gone ...

V. G. Rasputin "French Lessons".
The teacher Lidia Mikhailovna from the story of V. G. Rasputin taught the hero not only the lessons of the French language, but also the lessons of kindness, sympathy, and compassion. She showed the hero how important it is to be able to share someone else's pain with a person, how important it is to understand another.

An example from history.

The famous poet V. Zhukovsky was the teacher of the great Emperor Alexander II. It was he who instilled in the future ruler a sense of justice, a desire to benefit his people, the desire to carry out the reforms necessary for the state.

V. P. Astafiev. "Horse with a pink mane."
Difficult pre-war years of the Siberian village. The formation of the personality of the hero under the influence of the kindness of grandparents.

V. G. Rasputin "French Lessons"

• The formation of the personality of the protagonist in the difficult war years was influenced by the teacher. Her generosity is boundless. She instilled in him moral stamina, self-esteem.

L.N. Tolstoy "Childhood", "Boyhood", "Youth"
IN autobiographical trilogy main character, Nikolenka Irteniev, comprehends the world of adults, tries to analyze his own and other people's actions.

Fazil Iskander "The thirteenth feat of Hercules"

A smart and competent teacher has a huge impact on the formation of a child's character.

And A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
The atmosphere of laziness, unwillingness to learn, to think disfigure the soul of little Ilya. In adult life, these shortcomings prevented him from finding the meaning of life.

Lack of purpose in life, habits of work formed " extra person"," unwittingly an egoist.

The absence of a goal in life, the habits of work formed a “superfluous person”, an “egoist involuntarily”. Pechorin admits that he brings misfortune to everyone. Wrong education disfigures the human personality.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
Education and training - the main aspects human life. Chatsky expressed his attitude towards them in monologues, main character comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". He criticized the nobles who recruited "regiment teachers" for their children, but as a result of the letter, no one "knew and did not study." Chatsky himself had a mind "hungry for knowledge", and therefore turned out to be unnecessary in the society of Moscow nobles. These are the flaws of wrong education.

B. Vasiliev "My horses are flying"
Dr. Jansen died rescuing children who fell into a sewer hole. A man who was revered as a saint even during his lifetime was buried by the whole city.

Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
Margarita's self-sacrifice for the sake of her beloved.

V.P. Astafiev "Lyudochka"
In the episode with the dying man, when everyone moved away from him, only Lyudochka took pity on him. And after his death, everyone just pretended that they felt sorry for him, everyone except Lyudochka. A verdict on a society in which people are deprived of human warmth.

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
The story tells about tragic fate a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person the strength to live, the strength to resist fate.

V. Hugo "Les Misérables"
The writer in the novel tells the story of a thief. After spending the night in the bishop's house, in the morning this thief stole the silverware from him. But an hour later, the police detained the criminal and took him to the house, where he was given an overnight stay. The priest said that this man did not steal anything, that he took all the things with the permission of the owner. The thief, amazed by what he heard, experienced a true rebirth in one minute, and after that he became an honest man.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince"
There is an example of fair power: "But he was very kind, and therefore gave only reasonable orders. "If I order my general to turn into a sea gull," he used to say, "and if the general does not comply with the order, it will not be his fault, but mine" .

A. I. Kuprin. " Garnet bracelet»
The author claims that nothing is permanent, everything is temporary, everything passes and goes. Only music and love affirm true values on the ground.

Fonvizin "Undergrowth"
They say that many noble children, recognizing themselves in the image of the loafer Mitrofanushka, experienced a genuine rebirth: they began to study diligently, read a lot and grew up as worthy sons of their homeland.

L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"

• What is the greatness of man? It is where goodness, simplicity and justice are. This is exactly what L.N. created. Tolstoy's image of Kutuzov in the novel "War and Peace". His writer calls him a truly great man. Tolstoy leads his beloved heroes away from "Napoleonic" principles and puts them on the path of rapprochement with the people. “Greatness is not where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth,” the writer argued. This famous phrase has a modern sound.
• One of the central problems of the novel is the role of the individual in history. This problem is revealed in the images of Kutuzov and Napoleon. The writer believes that there is no greatness where there is no goodness and simplicity. According to Tolstoy, a person whose interests coincide with the interests of the people can influence the course of history. Kutuzov understood the moods and desires of the masses, so he was great. Napoleon thinks only about his greatness, therefore he is doomed to defeat.

I. Turgenev. "Hunter's Notes"
People, having read bright, bright stories about peasants, understood that it is immoral to own people like cattle. A broad movement began in Tran for the abolition of serfdom.

Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
After the war, many Soviet soldiers who were captured by the enemy were condemned as traitors to their homeland. The story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", which shows the bitter fate of a soldier, made society take a different look at the tragic fate of prisoners of war. A law was passed on their rehabilitation.

A.S. Pushkin
Speaking about the role of personality in history, one can recall the poetry of the great A. Pushkin. He influenced more than one generation with his gift. He saw and heard things that an ordinary person did not notice and did not understand. The poet spoke about the problems of spirituality in art, and its high purpose in the poems “Prophet”, “Poet”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”. Reading these works, you understand: talent is not only a gift, but also a heavy burden, a great responsibility. The poet himself was an example of civil behavior for subsequent generations.

V.M. Shukshin "Freak"
"Freak" - a distracted person, may seem ill-mannered. And what induces him to do strange things are positive, unselfish motives. The weirdo reflects on the problems that concern mankind at all times: what is the meaning of life? What is good and evil? Who in this life is “right, who is smarter”? And by all his actions he proves that he is right, and not those who believe

I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
This is the image of a man who only wanted to. He wanted to change his life, he wanted to rebuild the life of the estate, he wanted to raise children ... But he did not have the strength to realize these desires, so his dreams remained dreams.

M. Gorky in the play "At the Bottom".
He showed the drama of "former people" who have lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, they understand that they need to live better, but they do nothing to change their fate. It is no coincidence that the action of the play begins in the rooming house and ends there.

From the history

• Ancient historians tell that once a stranger came to the Roman emperor, who brought as a gift a shiny, like silver, but extremely soft metal. The master said that he extracts this metal from clay earth. The emperor, fearing that the new metal would devalue his treasures, ordered the inventor's head to be cut off.
• Archimedes, knowing that a person suffers from drought, from hunger, proposed new ways of irrigating the land. Thanks to his discovery, productivity increased sharply, people stopped being afraid of hunger.
• The outstanding scientist Fleming discovered penicillin. This drug has saved the lives of millions of people who previously died from blood poisoning.
• One English engineer in the middle of the 19th century proposed an improved cartridge. But officials from the military department arrogantly told him: "We are already strong, only the weak need better weapons."
• The famous scientist Jenner, who defeated smallpox with the help of vaccinations, was prompted by the words of an ordinary peasant woman to a brilliant idea. The doctor told her that she had smallpox. To this, the woman calmly replied: “It can’t be, because I already had cowpox.” The doctor did not consider these words the result of dark ignorance, but began to conduct observations, which led to a brilliant discovery.
• The early Middle Ages are usually called "dark ages". The raids of the barbarians, the destruction of ancient civilization led to a deep decline in culture. It was difficult to find a literate person not only among commoners, but also among people of the upper class. So, for example, the founder of the Frankish state, Charlemagne, could not write. However, the thirst for knowledge is inherent in man. The same Charlemagne, during campaigns, always carried with him wax tablets for writing, on which, under the guidance of teachers, he diligently drew letters.
• Ripe apples have been falling from the trees for thousands of years, but no one has given this ordinary phenomenon any significance. The great Newton had to be born in order to look with new, more penetrating eyes at the familiar fact and discover the universal law of motion.
• It is impossible to calculate how many disasters people brought their ignorance. In the Middle Ages, any misfortune: the illness of a child, the death of livestock, rain, drought, crop failure, the loss of any thing - everything was explained by intrigues. evil spirits. A brutal witch hunt began, bonfires blazed. Instead of curing diseases, improving agriculture, helping each other, people spent enormous forces on a senseless struggle with the mythical "servants of Satan", not realizing that with their blind fanaticism, with their dark ignorance, they are serving the Devil.
• It is difficult to overestimate the role of a mentor in the development of a person. The legend about the meeting of Socrates with Xenophon, the future historian, is curious. Once talking with an unfamiliar young man, Socrates asked him where to go for flour and oil. Young Xenophon briskly replied: "To the market." Socrates asked: “What about wisdom and virtue?” The young man was surprised. "Follow me, I'll show you!" Socrates promised. And the long-term path to the truth connected the famous teacher and his student with strong friendship.
• The desire to learn new things lives in each of us, and sometimes this feeling takes possession of a person so much that it makes him change his life path. Today, few people know that Joule, who discovered the law of conservation of energy, was a cook. The ingenious Faraday began his journey as a peddler in a shop. And Coulomb worked as an engineer for fortifications and gave physics only his free time from work. For these people, the search for something new has become the meaning of life.
• New ideas make their way in a hard struggle with old views, established opinions. So, one of the professors, who lectured students on physics, called Einstein's theory of relativity "an unfortunate scientific misunderstanding" -
• At one time, Joule used a volt battery to start an electric motor assembled by him from it. But the battery soon ran out, and a new one was very expensive. Joel decided that the horse would never be displaced by the electric motor, since it was much cheaper to feed a horse than to change the zinc in a battery. Today, when electricity is used everywhere, the opinion of an outstanding scientist seems naive to us. This example shows that it is very difficult to predict the future, it is difficult to survey the possibilities that will open up before a person.
• In the middle of the 17th century, from Paris to the island of Martinique, Captain de Clie carried a coffee stalk in a pot of earth. The voyage was very difficult: the ship survived a fierce battle with pirates, a terrible storm almost broke it against the rocks. On the ship, the masts were not broken, the gear was broken. Gradually, fresh water supplies began to dry up. She was given strictly measured portions. The captain, barely on his feet from thirst, gave the last drops of precious moisture to a green sprout ... Several years passed, and coffee trees covered the island of Martinique.

I. Bunin in the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco".
Showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and that god he worshipped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is.

Yesenin. "Black man".
The poem "The Black Man" is the cry of Yesenin's perishing soul, it is a requiem for the life left behind. Yesenin, like no one else, was able to tell what life does to a person.

Mayakovsky. "Listen."
Inner conviction that you are right moral ideals separated Mayakovsky from other poets, from the usual course of life. This isolation gave rise to a spiritual protest against the philistine environment, where there were no high spiritual ideals. The poem is the cry of the poet's soul.

Zamyatin "Cave".
The hero comes into conflict with himself, a split occurs in his soul. His spiritual values ​​are dying. He violates the commandment "Thou shalt not steal."

V. Astafiev "King - fish".

• In V. Astafiev's story "The Tsar is a Fish", the main character, the fisherman Utrobin, caught on a hook huge fish unable to deal with it. In order to avoid death, he is forced to let her go free. An encounter with a fish, which symbolizes the moral principle in nature, makes this poacher reconsider his ideas about life. In moments of desperate struggle with fish, he suddenly remembers his whole life, realizing how little he has done for other people. This meeting morally changes the hero.
• Nature is alive and spiritualized, endowed with a moral and punishing force, it is capable of not only defending itself, but also not punishing. An illustration of the punishing force is the fate of Gosha Gertsev, the hero of Astafiev's story "The King is a Fish." This hero does not set punishment for arrogant cynicism towards people and nature. Punishing power extends not only to individual heroes. The imbalance is a threat to all mankind if it does not come to its senses in its intentional or forced cruelty.

I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

• People forget that nature is their native and only home, requiring careful attitude to themselves, which is confirmed in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Yevgeny Bazarov, is known for his categorical position: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." This is how the Author sees a "new" person in him: he is indifferent to the values ​​accumulated by previous generations, lives in the present and uses everything that he needs, without thinking about what consequences this may lead to.
• In the novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" the actual theme of the relationship between nature and man is raised. Bazarov, rejecting any aesthetic enjoyment of nature, perceives it as a workshop, and man as a worker. Arkady, a friend of Bazarov, on the contrary, treats her with all the admiration inherent in a young soul. In the novel, each character is tested by nature. Arkady, communication with the outside world helps to heal spiritual wounds, for him this unity is natural and pleasant. Bazarov, on the contrary, does not seek contact with her - when Bazarov was ill, he "went into the forest and broke branches." She does not give him the desired peace or peace of mind. Thus, Turgenev emphasizes the need for a fruitful and two-way dialogue with nature.

M. Bulgakov. "Dog's heart".
Professor Preobrazhensky transplants part of the human brain into the dog Sharik, turning the quite nice dog into the disgusting Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. You can not mindlessly interfere with nature!

A. Blok
The problem of a thoughtless, cruel person to the natural world is reflected in many literary works. To fight it, you need to realize and see the harmony and beauty that reigns around us. The works of A. Blok will help with this. With what love he describes Russian nature in his poems! Immense distances, endless roads, full-flowing rivers, blizzards and gray huts. Such is Blok's Russia in the poems "Rus", "Autumn Day". The poet's true, filial love for his native nature is conveyed to the reader. You come to the idea that nature is original, beautiful and needs our protection.

B. Vasiliev "Do not shoot at white swans"

• Now, when nuclear power plants explode, when oil flows through rivers and seas, entire forests disappear, a person must stop and think about the question: what will remain on our planet? B. Vasiliev's novel "Don't Shoot White Swans" also contains the author's thought about the responsibility of man for nature. The protagonist of the novel, Yegor Polushkin, is worried about the behavior of visiting "tourists", the lake that has become empty at the hands of poachers. The novel is perceived as a call to all to protect our land and each other.
• The protagonist Yegor Polushkin loves nature infinitely, always works conscientiously, lives peacefully, but always turns out to be guilty. The reason for this is that Yegor could not disturb the harmony of nature, he was afraid to invade the living world. But people did not understand him, they considered him not adapted to life. He said that man is not the king of nature, but her eldest son. In the end, he dies at the hands of those who do not understand the beauty of nature, who are used only to conquer it. But the son is growing up. Who can replace his father, will respect and protect native land.

V. Astafiev "Belogrudka"
In the story “Belogrudka”, the children killed the brood of the white-breasted marten, and she, distraught with grief, takes revenge on the whole world around her, destroying poultry in two neighboring villages, until she herself dies from a gun charge

Ch. Aitmatov "Scaffold"
Man destroys the colorful and populous world of nature with his own hands. The writer warns that the senseless extermination of animals is a threat to earthly prosperity. The position of the "king" in relation to animals is fraught with tragedy.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", the main character could not find spiritual harmony, cope with the "Russian blues", including because he was indifferent to nature. And the author's "sweet ideal" Tatyana felt herself a part of nature ("She loved to warn dawn on the balcony...") and therefore manifested herself in a difficult life situation as a spiritually strong person.

A.T. Tvardovsky "Forest in autumn"
Reading Tvardovsky's poem "Forest in Autumn", you are imbued with the primordial beauty of the world around you, nature. You hear the noise of bright yellow foliage, the crackle of a broken branch. You see a light jump of a squirrel. I would like not just to admire, but to try to preserve all this beauty as long as possible.

L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Natasha Rostova, admiring the beauty of the night in Otradnoye, is ready to fly like a bird: she is inspired by what she sees. She enthusiastically tells Sonya about the beautiful night, about the feelings that overwhelm her soul. Andrei Bolkonsky also knows how to subtly feel the beauty of the surrounding nature. During a trip to Otradnoye, seeing an old oak tree, he compares himself with it, indulging in sad reflections that life has already ended for him. But the changes that subsequently occurred in the soul of the hero are associated with the beauty and grandeur of a mighty tree that blossomed under the rays of the sun.

V. I. Yurovskikh Vasily Ivanovich Yurovskikh
The writer Vasily Ivanovich Yurovskikh, in his stories, tells about the unique beauty and wealth of the Trans-Urals, about the natural connection of a village person with the natural world, which is why his story “Ivan's Memory” is so touching. In this small work, Yurovsky raises an important issue: the impact of man on the environment. Ivan, the main character of the story, planted several willow bushes in the swamp, which frightened people and animals. Many years later. The nature around has changed: all sorts of birds began to settle in the bushes, every year the magpie began to build a nest, magpie hatch. No one else wandered through the forest, because the willow tree became a guide on how to find the right way. Near the bush you can hide from the heat, and drink water, and just relax. good memory Ivan left about himself among people, and ennobled the surrounding nature.

M.Yu Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
The close emotional connection between man and nature can be traced in Lermontov's story "A Hero of Our Time". The events of the life of the main character, Grigory Pechorin, are accompanied by a change in the state of nature in accordance with changes in his mood. So, considering the duel scene, the gradation of the states of the surrounding world and Pechorin's feelings is obvious. If before the duel the sky seemed to him “fresh and blue”, and the sun “brightly shining”, then after the duel, looking at the corpse of Grushnitsky, the heavenly body seemed “dull” to Grigory, and its rays “did not warm”. Nature is not only the experience of heroes, but is also one of actors. The storm becomes the reason for a long meeting between Pechorin and Vera, and in one of the diary entries preceding the meeting with Princess Mary, Grigory notes that "the air of Kislovodsk is conducive to love." With a similar allegory, Lermontov not only more deeply and fully reflects internal state heroes, but also denotes its own, author's presence by introducing nature as a character.

E. Zamyatina "We"
Turning to classical literature, I would like to give as an example the dystopian novel by E. Zamyatin “We”. Rejecting the natural beginning, the inhabitants of the United State become numbers, whose life is determined by the framework of the Tablet of Hours. The beauties of native nature have been replaced by perfectly proportioned glass structures, and love is possible only if you have a pink card. The protagonist, D-503, is doomed to a mathematically adjusted happiness, which is acquired, however, after the removal of fantasy. It seems to me that with such an allegory, Zamyatin tried to express the inseparability of the connection between nature and man.

S. Yesenin "Goy you, Rus', my dear"
One of the central themes of the lyrics of the brightest poet of the 20th century S. Yesenin is nature native land. In the poem “Goy you, Rus', my dear,” the poet refuses paradise for the sake of his homeland, her flock is higher than eternal bliss, which, judging by other lyrics, he finds only on Russian soil. Thus, feelings of patriotism and love for nature are closely intertwined. The very awareness of their gradual weakening is the first step towards a natural, real world that enriches the soul and body.

M. Prishvin "Ginseng"
This theme is brought to life by moral and ethical motives. Many writers and poets addressed her. In M. Prishvin's story "Ginseng", the characters know how to be silent and listen to silence. For the author, nature is life itself. Therefore, the rock is crying, the stone has a heart. It is man who must do everything to ensure that nature exists and does not fall silent. This is very important in our time.

I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a hunter"
A deep and tender love for nature was expressed by I. S. Turgenev in the “Notes of a Hunter”. He did this with penetrating observation. The hero of the story "Kasyan" traveled half of the country from the Beautiful Mosque, joyfully learned and explored new places. This man felt his inseparable connection with mother nature and dreamed that "every person" would live in contentment and justice. It wouldn't hurt us to learn from him.

M. Bulgakov. "Fatal Eggs"
Professor Persikov accidentally breeds giant reptiles that threaten civilization instead of large chickens. Such consequences can be caused by thoughtless interference in the life of nature.

Ch. Aitmatov "Scaffold"
Ch. Aitmatov in the novel "The Scaffold" showed that the destruction of the natural world leads to a dangerous deformation of man. And it happens everywhere. What is happening in the Moyunkum savanna is a global problem, not a local one.

The closed model of the world in the novel by E.I. Zamyatin "We".
1) The appearance and principles of the United State. 2) The narrator, number D - 503, and his spiritual illness. 3) "The resistance of human nature." In dystopias, the world based on the same premises is given through the eyes of its inhabitant, an ordinary citizen, from the inside, in order to trace and show the feelings of a person who is undergoing the laws of an ideal state. The conflict between the individual and the totalitarian system becomes the driving force behind any dystopia, making it possible to identify dystopian features in the most seemingly different works... The society depicted in the novel has reached material perfection and stopped its development, plunging into a state of spiritual and social entropy.

A.P. Chekhov in the story "Death of an official"

B. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists"
The works make you think about the questions that everyone seeks to answer for themselves: what is behind the high moral choice - what are the forces of the human mind, soul, fate, what helps a person to resist, to show amazing, amazing vitality, helps to live and die "like a human"?

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
Despite the difficulties and trials that befell the protagonist Andrei Sokolov, he always remained true to himself and his homeland. Nothing broke his spiritual strength and did not eradicate his sense of duty.

A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter».

Pyotr Grinev is a man of honor, in any life situation he acts as honor commands him. The nobility of the hero was able to appreciate even his ideological enemy - Pugachev. That is why he helped Grinev more than once.

LN Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The Bolkonsky family is the personification of honor and nobility. Prince Andrei always put the laws of honor in the first place, followed them, even if it required incredible efforts, suffering, pain.

Loss of spiritual values

B. Vasiliev "Deaf"
The events of Boris Vasiliev's story "Glukhoman" allow us to see how in today's life the so-called "new Russians" seek to enrich themselves at any cost. Spiritual values ​​are lost because culture has left our lives. The society split, in it the bank account became the measure of a person's merits. Moral wilderness began to grow in the souls of people who had lost faith in goodness and justice.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich, the hero of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is a nobleman, but he is dishonest: having wooed Masha Mironova and received a refusal, he takes revenge, speaking badly about her; during a duel with Grinev, he stabs him in the back. The complete loss of ideas about honor also predetermines social treason: as soon as Belogorsk fortress goes to Pugachev, Shvabrin goes over to the side of the rebels.

LN Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Helen Kuragina tricks Pierre into marrying herself, then lies to him all the time, being his wife, disgraces him, makes him unhappy. The heroine uses lies to get rich, to take a good position in society.

N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General".

Khlestakov deceives officials, pretends to be an auditor. Trying to impress, he composes many stories about his life in St. Petersburg. Moreover, he lies so intoxicatingly that he himself begins to believe his stories, feels important and significant.

D.S. Likhachev in "Letters about the good and the beautiful"
D.S. Likhachev, in Letters about the Good and the Beautiful, tells how indignant he felt when he learned that in 1932 a cast-iron monument on the grave of Bagration had been blown up on the Borodino field. At the same time, someone left a giant inscription on the wall of the monastery, built on the site of the death of another hero, Tuchkov: “Enough to keep the remnants of the slave past!” At the end of the 60s, the Travel Palace was demolished in Leningrad, which even during the war our soldiers tried to preserve, not to destroy. Likhachev believes that "the loss of any cultural monument is irreparable: after all, they are always individual."

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

• In the Rostov family, everything was built on sincerity and kindness, respect for each other and understanding, therefore the children - Natasha, Nikolai, Petya - became for real good people They are responsive to other people's pain, able to understand the experiences and suffering of others. Suffice it to recall the episode when Natasha gives the order to free the carts loaded with their family valuables in order to give them to the wounded soldiers.
• And in the Kuragin family, where career and money decided everything, both Helen and Anatole are immoral egoists. Both are looking for only benefits in life. They do not know what true love is and are ready to exchange their feelings for wealth.

A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
In the story "The Captain's Daughter", the instructions of his father helped Pyotr Grinev, even in the most critical moments, to remain an honest man, true to himself and duty. Therefore, the hero commands respect for his behavior.

N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
Following his father's behest to "save a penny", Chichikov devoted his whole life to hoarding, turning into a man without shame and conscience. From his school years, he valued only money, so in his life there were never true friends, a family that the hero dreamed of.

L. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara"
Bukhara, the heroine of the story “Daughter of Bukhara” by L. Ulitskaya, accomplished a maternal feat, devoting herself to raising her daughter Mila, who had Down syndrome. Even being mortally ill, the mother thought through all later life daughters: she got a job, found her a new family, a husband, and only after that she allowed herself to go out of life.

Zakrutkin V. A. "The human mother"
Maria, the heroine of Zakrutkin's story "The Mother of Man", during the war, having lost her son and husband, took responsibility for her newly born child and for other people's children, saved them, became their Mother. And when the first Soviet soldiers entered the burnt farm, it seemed to Maria that she had given birth not only to her son, but to all the children of the world destitute of the war. That is why she is the Mother of Man.

K.I. Chukovsky "Alive like life"
K.I. Chukovsky in his book “Alive as Life” analyzes the state of the Russian language, our speech, and comes to disappointing conclusions: we ourselves distort and mutilate our great and mighty language.

I.S. Turgenev
- Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property, handed over to us by our predecessors, among whom again Pushkin shines! Treat this mighty tool with respect: in the hands of the skilled, it is able to perform miracles ... Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine!

K.G. Paustovsky
- You can do wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our minds that could not be conveyed by the Russian word ... There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language.

A. P. Chekhov "Death of an official"
The official Chervyakov in A.P. Chekhov’s story “The Death of an Official” is incredibly infected with the spirit of servility: having sneezed and spattered his bald head in front of the sitting General Bryzzhalov (and he did not pay attention to this), the hero was so frightened that after repeated humiliated requests to forgive him, he died of fear.

A. P. Chekhov "Thick and Thin"
The hero of Chekhov's story "Thick and thin", the official Porfiry, met a school friend at the station of the Nikolaev railway and found out that he was a privy councilor, i.e. in the service moved significantly higher. In an instant, the “thin” turns into a servile creature, ready to humiliate and fawn.

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
Molchalin, the negative character of the comedy, is sure that one should please not only "all people without exception", but even "the janitor's dog, so that it was affectionate." The need to tirelessly please also gave rise to his romance with Sophia, the daughter of his master and benefactor Famusov. Maxim Petrovich, the "character" of the historical anecdote, which Famusov tells Chatsky as a warning, in order to earn the favor of the empress, turned into a jester, amusing her with ridiculous falls.

I. S. Turgenev. "Mu Mu"
The fate of the dumb serf Gerasim, Tatyana, is decided by the mistress. A person has no rights. What could be worse?

I. S. Turgenev. "Hunter's Notes"
In the story “Biryuk”, the main character, a forester, nicknamed Biryuk, lives miserably, despite the conscientious performance of his duties. The social structure of life is unfair.

N. A. Nekrasov "Railway"
The poem talks about who built the railroad. These are workers subjected to merciless exploitation. The structure of life, where arbitrariness reigns, is worthy of condemnation. In the poem “Reflections at the front door”: the peasants came from distant villages with a petition to the nobleman, but they were not accepted, they were driven away. The government does not take into account the situation of the people.

L. N. Tolstoy "After the Ball"
The division of Russia into two parts, rich and poor, is shown. The social world is unfair to the weak.

N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
There can be nothing holy, right in a world ruled by tyranny, wild and crazy.

V.V. Mayakovsky

• In the play "The Bedbug" Pierre Skripkin dreamed that his house would be "a full bowl." Another hero, a former worker, claims: "Whoever fought has the right to rest by a quiet river." Such a position was alien to Mayakovsky. He dreamed of the spiritual growth of his contemporaries.

I. S. Turgenev "Notes of a hunter"
Everyone's personality is important for the development of the state, but not always talented people can develop their abilities for the benefit of society. For example, in the "Notes of a Hunter" I.S. Turgenev, there are people whose talents the country does not need. Yakov ("Singers") becomes an inveterate drunkard in a tavern. The truth-seeker Mitya ("Odnodvorets Ovsyannikov") stands up for the serfs. The forester Biryuk serves responsibly, but lives in poverty. Such people are unnecessary. They even laugh at them. It's not fair.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"
Despite the gruesome details camp life and the unjust structure of society, Solzhenitsyn's works are optimistic in spirit. The writer proved that even in the last degree of humiliation it is possible to preserve a person in oneself.

A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
A person who is not accustomed to work does not find a worthy place in the life of society.

M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
Pechorin says that he felt strength in his soul, but did not know what to apply them to. Society is such that there is no worthy place for an outstanding personality.

and A. Goncharov. "Oblomov"
Ilya Oblomov, a kind and talented person, could not overcome himself and reveal his best features. The reason is the lack of high goals in the life of society.

A.M. Gorky
Many heroes of M. Gorky's stories talk about the meaning of life. The old gypsy Makar Chudra wondered why people work. The heroes of the story "On the Salt" found themselves in the same impasse. Around them - wheelbarrows, salt dust, eating away the eyes. However, no one got angry. Good feelings are born in the soul of even such oppressed people. The meaning of life, according to Gorky, is in work. Everyone will begin to work conscientiously - you see, and we will all become richer and better together. After all, "the wisdom of life is always deeper and more extensive than the wisdom of people."

M. I. Weller "The Novel of Education"
The meaning of life is for those who themselves devote their activities to the cause that they consider necessary. The “Roman of Education” by M.I. Weller, one of the most published modern Russian writers, makes one think about this. Indeed, there have always been many purposeful people, and now they live among us.

L. N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"

• The best characters of the novel, Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, saw the meaning of life in the desire for moral self-improvement. Each of them wanted "to be quite good, to bring good to people."
• All the favorite heroes of L. N. Tolstoy were busy with intense spiritual search. Reading the novel "War and Peace", it is difficult not to be sympathetic to Prince Bolkonsky, a thinking, searching person. He read a lot, knew everything about everything. The hero found the meaning of his own life in the defense of the Fatherland. Not for the sake of an ambitious desire for glory, but because of the love of the motherland.
• In search of the meaning of life, a person must choose his direction. In Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", the fate of Andrei Bolkonsky is a difficult path of moral losses and discoveries. The important thing is that, walking along this thorny road, he kept the true human dignity. It is no coincidence that M.I. Kutuzov will say to the hero: "Your road is the road of honor." I also like extraordinary people who try to live not uselessly.

I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Even the failures and disappointments of an outstanding talented person are significant for society. For example, in the novel Fathers and Sons, Yevgeny Bazarov, a fighter for democracy, called himself an unnecessary person for Russia. However, his views anticipate the emergence of people capable of greater deeds and noble deeds.

V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
The problem of moral choice: what is better - to save one's life at the cost of betrayal (as the hero of the story Rybak does) or to die not a hero (no one will know about Sotnikov's heroic death), but to die with dignity. Sotnikov makes a difficult moral choice: he dies, retaining his human appearance.

M. M. Prishvin "Pantry of the sun"
Mitrasha and Nastya during the Great Patriotic War left without parents. But hard work helped young children not only survive, but also earn the respect of their fellow villagers.

And P. Platonov "In a beautiful and furious world"
Machinist Maltsev is completely devoted to work, his favorite profession. During a thunderstorm, he became blind, but his friend's devotion, love for his chosen profession perform a miracle: having got on his beloved steam locomotive, he regains his sight.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
The main character has been used to working all her life, helping other people, and although she has not gained any benefits, she remains a pure soul, a righteous person.

Ch. Aitmatov Roman "Mother's field"
The leitmotif of the novel is the spiritual responsiveness of hardworking rural women. Aliman, whatever happens, has been working on the farm since dawn, on the melon field, in the greenhouse. She feeds the country, people! And the writer does not see anything higher than this share, this honor.

A.P. Chekhov. The story "Ionych"

• Dmitry Ionych Startsev chose an excellent profession. He became a doctor. However, the lack of perseverance and perseverance made the once good doctor a simple layman, for whom money-grubbing and his own well-being became the main thing in life. So, it is not enough to choose the right future profession, you must preserve yourself morally and morally in it.
• There comes a time when each of us faces the choice of a profession. The hero of the story A.P. dreamed of honestly serving people. Chekhov "Ionych", Dmitry Startsev. The profession he has chosen is the most humane. However, having settled in a city where the most educated people turned out to be small and limited, Startsev did not find the strength to resist stagnation and inertia. The doctor turned into a simple man in the street, thinking little about his patients. So, the most valuable condition for not living a boring life is honest creative work, no matter what profession a person chooses.

N. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"
A person who is aware of his responsibility to his homeland, people, who knows how to understand them at the right time, is truly great. Such is Kutuzov, such are ordinary people in the novel, who do their duty without lofty phrases.

F. M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"
Rodion Raskolnikov creates his own theory: the world is divided into those "who have the right" and "trembling creatures." According to his theory, a person is able to create history, like Mohammed, Napoleon. They commit atrocities in the name of "great goals". Raskolnikov's theory fails. In fact, true freedom lies in the subordination of one's aspirations to the interests of society, in the ability to make the right moral choice.

V. Bykov "Obelisk"
The problem of freedom can be seen especially clearly in V. Bykov's story "Obelisk". Teacher Frost, had the choice to stay alive or die along with the students. He always taught them goodness and justice. He had to choose death, but he remained a morally free man.

A.M. Gorky "At the bottom"
Is there a way in the world to break free from the vicious circle of life's worries and desires? M. Gorky tried to answer such a question in the play "At the Bottom". In addition, the writer raised another vital question: is it possible to consider a free person who has resigned himself. Thus, the contradictions between the truth of the slave and the freedom of the individual is an eternal problem.

A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
Opposition to evil, tyranny attracted the special attention of Russian writers of the 19th century. The oppressive power of evil is shown in the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". A young, gifted woman, Katerina, is a strong person. She found the strength to defy tyranny. The conflict between the environment dark kingdom”and a bright peace of mind, unfortunately, ended tragically.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn "The Gulag Archipelago"
Pictures of bullying, cruel treatment of political prisoners.

A.A. Akhmatova Poem "Requiem"
This is a work about the repeated arrests of a husband and son, the poem was written under the influence of numerous meetings with mothers, relatives of prisoners in the Cross, a St. Petersburg prison.

N. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad"
In Nekrasov's story there is a terrible truth about the heroism of those people who in a totalitarian state have always been considered "cogs" in the huge body of the state machine. The writer mercilessly condemned those who calmly sent people to their death, who shot for a lost sapper shovel, who kept people in fear.

V. Soloukhin
The secret of comprehending beauty, according to the famous publicist V. Soloukhin, lies in admiring life and nature. The beauty poured into the world will enrich us spiritually if we learn to contemplate it. The author is sure that it is necessary to stop in front of her, "without thinking about time", only then she "will invite you to interlocutors."

K.Paustovsky
The great Russian writer K. Paustovsky wrote that “you need to immerse yourself in nature, as if you plunged your face into a pile of leaves wet from the rain and felt their luxurious coolness, their smell, their breath. Simply put, nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest power.

Yu.Gribov
A modern publicist, writer Y. Gribov argued that "beauty lives in the heart of every person and it is very important to wake her up, not let her die without waking up."

V. Rasputin "Deadline"
Children from the city gathered at the bedside of their dying mother. Before death, the mother seems to go to the place of judgment. She sees that there is no previous mutual understanding between her and the children, the children are disunited, they have forgotten about the lessons of morality received in childhood. Anna leaves life, difficult and simple, with dignity, and her children still live and live. The story ends tragically. Hurrying about some business, the children leave their mother to die alone. Unable to bear such a terrible blow, she dies that same night. Rasputin reproaches the children of the collective farmer for insincerity, moral coldness, forgetfulness and vanity.

K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram"
The story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram" is not a banal story about a lonely old woman and an inattentive daughter. Paustovsky shows that Nastya is not soulless: she sympathizes with Timofeev, spends a lot of time organizing his exhibition. How could it happen that Nastya, who cares about others, shows inattention to her own mother? It turns out that it’s one thing to get carried away with work, to do it with all your heart, to give it all your strength, physical and mental, and another to remember your loved ones, your mother, the most holy being in the world, not limited only to money transfers and short notes. Harmonies between caring for the "distant" and love for oneself close person Nastya could not be reached. This is the tragedy of her situation, this is the reason for the feeling of irreparable guilt, unbearable heaviness that visits her after the death of her mother and which will settle in her soul forever.

F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
The protagonist of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, did many good deeds. He is a kind person by nature who is hard going through the pain of others and always helps people. So Raskolnikov saves children from the fire, gives his last money to the Marmeladovs, tries to protect the drunk girl from men pestering her, worries about her sister Dunya, seeks to prevent her marriage with Luzhin in order to protect her from humiliation, loves and pities her mother, tries not to disturb her with his problems. But the trouble with Raskolnikov is that he chose a completely inappropriate means to fulfill such global goals. Unlike Raskolnikov, Sonya performs truly beautiful deeds. She sacrifices herself for the sake of loved ones, because she loves them. Yes, Sonya is a harlot, but she did not have the opportunity to quickly earn money in an honest way, and her family was dying of hunger. This woman destroys herself, but her soul remains pure, because she believes in God and tries to do good to everyone, loving and compassionate in a Christian way.
The most beautiful act of Sonya is the salvation of Raskolnikov ..
The whole life of Sonya Marmeladova is self-sacrifice. By the power of her love, she elevates Raskolnikov to herself, helps him overcome his sin and rise again. The actions of Sonya Marmeladova express all the beauty of a human act.

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Pierre Bezukhov is one of the writer's favorite characters. Being at odds with his wife, feeling disgusted with the life in the world that they lead, experiencing after his duel with Dolokhov, Pierre involuntarily asks eternal, but so important questions for him: “What is bad? What well? Why live, and what am I? And when one of the smartest Masonic leaders urges him to change his life and purify himself by serving good, to benefit his neighbor, Pierre sincerely believed "in the possibility of a brotherhood of people united in order to support each other on the path of virtue." And to achieve this goal, Pierre does everything. what he considers necessary: ​​he donates money to the brotherhood, arranges schools, hospitals and shelters, tries to make life easier for peasant women with small children. His actions are always in harmony with his conscience, and the feeling of being right gives him confidence in life.

Pontius Pilate sent the innocent Yeshua to be executed. For the rest of his life, the procurator was tormented by his conscience, he could not forgive himself for his cowardice. The hero received peace only when Yeshuya himself forgave him and said that there was no execution.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

Raskolnikov killed an old pawnbroker to prove to himself that he was a "higher" being. But after the crime, his conscience torments him, a persecution mania develops, the hero moves away from relatives and friends. At the end of the novel, he repents of the murder, embarks on the path of spiritual healing.

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
M. Sholokhov has a wonderful story "The Fate of Man". It tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who, during the war,
lost all relatives. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act indicates that love and desire
doing good gives a person strength for life, strength in order to resist fate.

LN Tolstoy "War and Peace".

The Kuragin family are greedy, selfish, vile people. In pursuit of money and power, they are capable of any immoral acts. So, for example, Helen marries Pierre by deceit and uses his wealth, bringing him a lot of suffering and humiliation.

N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls".

Plyushkin subordinated his whole life to hoarding. And if at first it was dictated by thrift, then his desire to save crossed all boundaries, he saved on the most necessary, lived, limiting himself in everything, and even broke off relations with his daughter, fearing that she was claiming his “wealth”.

The role of flowers

I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov".

Oblomov, in love, gave Olga Ilyinskaya a lilac branch. Lilac became a symbol of the hero's spiritual transformation: he became active, cheerful, cheerful when he fell in love with Olga.

M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita".

Thanks to the bright yellow flowers in Margarita's hands, the Master saw her in the gray crowd. The heroes fell in love with each other at first sight and carried their feelings through many trials.

M. Gorky.

The writer recalled that he had learned a lot from books. He did not have the opportunity to get an education, so it was in books that he drew knowledge, an idea of ​​the world, knowledge of the laws of literature.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

Tatyana Larina grew up on romance novels. Books made her dreamy, romantic. She created for herself the ideal of a lover, the hero of her novel, whom she dreamed of meeting in real life.

1. A. S. Pushkin."Eugene Onegin". A person sometimes, not noticing his happiness, passes by. When the feeling of love arises in him, it becomes too late. This is what happened to Eugene Onegin. At first he rejected the love of a village girl. After meeting her a few years later, he realized that he was in love. Unfortunately, their happiness is impossible.
2. M. Yu Lermontov."Hero of our time". True love Pechorin to Vera. His frivolous attitude towards Mary and Bela.
3. And S. Turgenev."Fathers and Sons". Yevgeny Bazarov denied everything, including love. But life forced him to experience this true feeling for Anna Odintsova. The stern nihilist could not resist the mind and charm of this woman.
4. and A. Goncharov."Oblomov". Lyubov Oblomov Olga Ilyinskaya. Olga's desire to pull Ilya out of a state of indifference and laziness. Oblomov tried to find the purpose of life in love. However, the efforts of the lovers were in vain.
5. A. N. Ostrovsky. It is impossible to live without love. Proof of this is, for example, the deep drama that Katerina went through, main character plays by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm".
6. I.A. Goncharov."Oblomov". The great power of love is the theme of many writers. Often a person is able to change even his life for the sake of a loved one. However, this is not always possible. For example, Ilya Ilyich, the hero of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", for the sake of love he abandoned many of his habits. Olga, having experienced disappointment, leaves Oblomov. The mutually enriching development of their relationship did not work out, because the desire to vegetate "crawling from one day to another" turned out to be stronger for Ilya.
7. L.N. Tolstoy. Love is a great feeling. It can change a person's life. But it can bring a lot of hope and disappointment. However, this state can also transform a person. Such life situations were described by the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace". For example, after the hardships of life, Prince Bolkonsky was convinced that he would never again experience happiness and joy. However, the meeting with Natasha Rostova changed his view of the world. Love is a great power.
8. A. Kuprin. Sometimes it seems that poetry disappears from our life, the magical beauty of love, that people's feelings are diminished. Faith in love still amazes readers with the story of A. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet". It can be called an exciting hymn of love. Such stories help to keep the faith that the world is beautiful, and people sometimes have access to the inaccessible.
9. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The influence of friendship on the formation of personality is a serious topic that worried I. A. Goncharov. The heroes of his novel, peers and friends, I. I. Oblomov and A. I. Stolz, are shown in almost the same way: childhood, environment, education. But Stolz tried to change his friend's sleepy life. His attempts were unsuccessful. After the death of Oblomov, Andrei took his son Ilya into his family. That's what real friends do.
10. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Friendship is about mutual influence. Relationships are fragile if people do not want to help each other. This is shown in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Ilya Ilyich's apathetic, difficult to lift nature and Andrey Stolz's young energy - all this spoke of the impossibility of friendship between these people. However, Andrei made every effort to encourage Oblomov to some kind of activity. True, Ilya Ilyich could not adequately respond to his friend's concern. But the desires and attempts of Stolz deserve respect.
11. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Friendship is not always strong, especially if it rests on the subordination of one person to another. A similar situation was described by Turgenev in the novel Fathers and Sons. Arkady Kirsanov was at first a fierce supporter of Bazarov's nihilistic views and considered himself his friend. However, he quickly lost his conviction and went over to the side of the older generation. Bazarov, according to Arkady, was left alone. This happened because friendship was not equal.
12. N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" (about friendship, partnership). The fact that "there is no holier than the bonds of partnership" is said in the story of N. Gogol "Taras Bulba".

The problem of the role of adults in shaping the personality of a teenager is considered by the writer Vladimir Amlinsky on the example of his childhood memories.

Commenting on this problem, I would like to note that it is interesting for both adults and adolescents.

The author draws our attention to the fact that how important it is to life path teenager, “wandering in the dark, searching, vaguely imagining what you need in life”, met an adult who will help you find true values ​​​​in this life.

V. Amlinsky gives the reader to believe in the power of such an influence of an adult. Such a person was on his life path. It was the head of the library, a radio operator who went through the war, who knows the value of loneliness, human grief. She showed a lively curiosity for the awkward teenagers of the post-war period, inviting them to the library, where they read the books of Platonov and Paustovsky. These books helped the children to learn the world and themselves.

"Simple life, human relationships, human fates, ... something fell forever, like a grain thrown into fertile soil, and germinated much later, and acquired an endless, endless life already now. The writer is convinced that such people leave a trace in the emerging youthful soul forever.

I fully agree with the position of the author. It is in adolescence that a person begins to perceive and comprehend the state of his own "I". Youth is especially sensitive to internal psychological problems. And how important it is when there is a wise mentor nearby who will help you understand yourself and the world around you.

This problem is also reflected in fiction. Boris Vasilyev in his work “My horses are flying ...” also thought about this problem. I will never forget the lines from this work: “And now I think with horror what I would have become if I had not met my first teacher, who saw her duty not in stuffing children with knowledge, making future robots out of them- specialists, but in educating the Citizens of the Fatherland…”. Throughout his life, Vasiliev carried warm memories of his teacher. Perhaps it was her lessons that brought up in him a future writer, eager to pour out his feelings to his student readers. Thus, Vasiliev showed how great is the merit of a teacher in a person's life.

The work of V. Rasputin "French Lessons" shows the role of the teacher in shaping the personality of the protagonist in the difficult war years. The lessons of kindness and cordiality taught by Lidia Mikhailovna, the boy remembered for the rest of his life.

So, from all that has been said, the conclusion follows: the kindest and most moral is laid down in childhood, and therefore it is important that a person who loves children, finds joy in communicating with him, believes that he will become a good man, and the memory of which will forever remain in the heart.

Valeria Gumovskaya ©

Text from the exam

(1) The strongest impression on me is made by dreams in which distant childhood rises and in an obscure fog, no longer existing faces rise, all the more dear, like everything irretrievably lost. (2) For a long time I cannot wake up from such a dream and for a long time I see alive those who have long been in the grave. (3) And what lovely, dear faces! (4) It seems that I would not give anything to even look at them from a distance, hear a familiar voice, shake their hands and once again return to the distant, distant past. (5) It begins to seem to me that these silent shadows require something from me. (6) After all, I owe so much to these people who are infinitely dear to me ...

(7) But in the rainbow perspective of childhood memories, not only people are alive, but also those inanimate objects that were somehow connected with the little life of a beginner little man. (8) And now I think about them, again experiencing the impressions and feelings of childhood.

(9) In these dumb participants in children's life, of course, a children's picture book always stands in the foreground ... (10) And this was that living thread that led out of the children's room and connected it to the rest of the world. (11) For me, until now, every children's book is something alive, because it awakens a child's soul, directs children's thoughts in a certain direction and makes a child's heart beat along with millions of other children's hearts. (12) A children's book is a spring sunbeam that makes the dormant forces of a child's soul awaken and causes the seeds thrown onto this grateful soil to grow. (13) Children, thanks to this book, merge into one huge spiritual family that knows no ethnographic and geographical boundaries.

(14) 3here I have to make a small digression specifically about modern children, who often have to observe complete disrespect for the book. (15) Disheveled bindings, traces of dirty fingers, folded corners of sheets, all kinds of scribbles in the margins - in a word, the result is a cripple book.

(16) It is difficult to understand the reasons for all this, and only one explanation can be admitted: today too many books are published, they are much cheaper and seem to have lost their real price among other household items. (17) Our generation, which remembers an expensive book, has retained a special respect for it as an object of a higher spiritual order, bearing the bright stamp of talent and holy labor.

(According to D. Mamin-Sibiryak)

Introduction

Childhood is the most reverent and magical time for a person. This bright time leaves an indelible imprint on all subsequent life. As a child, we strengthen in our minds the model of human behavior in the family, we absorb, like a sponge, the atmosphere created by our parents.

It is in childhood that the main life values ​​​​are laid: we begin to appreciate what our relatives and friends valued, we have a negative attitude towards what mom and dad spoke with discontent about.

Problem

D. Mamin-Sibiryak raises the problem of childhood in his text. Memories of childhood, of the people who surrounded the hero in childhood, of objects so dear to the heart, fill the author's heart and make one think about the past.

A comment

The author often sees his long-gone childhood in a dream, where long-gone people are nearby, especially dear because of the impossibility of seeing them again in reality. The soul hurts more from the desire to talk to them, hug them, hear their native voice and see the faded faces.

Sometimes it seems that these people demand something from him, because it is impossible to make up for what the hero owes them.

In memory, not only relatives and friends emerge, but also childhood objects that were a constant companion of that time. First of all, I remember the book - bright, colorful, opening the whole beautiful huge world to the mind of the child, awakening the soul of a growing person.

The author complains that modern world Children have absolutely no such relation to the book. It is characterized by disrespect for her, a careless attitude. D. Mamin-Sibiryak is trying to understand the reasons for this, finding it in the fact that a children's book has become cheaper, more accessible, and therefore has lost its value.

Author's position

own position

From the early childhood it is worth teaching the baby and respect for the world around him: for nature, for animals, for toys and books. Otherwise, he will not be able to subsequently appreciate what brings him pleasure and benefit.

Argument #1

Speaking about the influence of childhood on the formation of a person’s character, it is worth recalling Ilya Ilyich Oblomov from the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". There is a whole chapter in the work called "Oblomov's Dream", where the author presents us with the world that brought up Ilya Ilyich from the moment of birth to his student years.

Parents and nannies pleased him in everything, protected him from the outside world. The main value in Oblomovka was food and sleep. And having matured, the hero most of all in his life began to appreciate lying on the couch and the opportunity to eat deliciously.

Oblomov's friend, Andrei Stolz, was brought up in a completely different way. His family valued activity, practicality, and the ability to work. And he grew up just like that - a purposeful practitioner, not wasting a minute.

Argument #2

In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" can also be seen the influence of childhood on the development of the main character Katerina. Her childhood was bright and rosy. Her parents loved her and brought up in her a love of freedom and the ability to sacrifice everything for the sake of loved ones.

Having found herself after marriage in the Kabanov family, for the first time in her life she found herself in an unfriendly environment, in a place where personal freedom and freedom of expression of feelings were not perceived, where everything was done according to the rules of house building.

Katerina could not stand the oppression and died, throwing herself in despair into the river.

Conclusion

No matter how we feel at one time or another, no matter how we regret our own lives and are not disappointed in tomorrow, children should not feel and know all this. Be responsible to your children, teach them what will really be useful to them in life, which will help them adapt to the world in which they will have to live and raise their own children.

Arguments from Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child"

1. The problem of education.

The parents of little Stella Nudolskaya from Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child" worked hard and were very busy people, but they always found time to organize intellectual games for the child, teach the girl languages, drawing and singing. For the rest of her life, she remembered the important rules of a “good person”, who is not afraid of difficulties, “unties all the knots himself” and knows how to endure. All this helped Stella to become truly strong, courageous and free.

2. The problem of the role of literature in human life.

The main character of Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Baby" Stella remembers that books were an important part of their family's life. They had an excellent library and a tradition of evening reading aloud. This is how the child developed ideas that the book is a friend, adviser and support in any situation. Later in exile, in a Kyrgyz village, these readings will be resumed for people united by a common misfortune. They will listen to both poems and poems by A.S. Pushkin, and the Kyrgyz epic Manas. So literature will unite people of different nationalities and ages with different life experiences and education.

3. The problem of overcoming life's difficulties, perseverance and patience.

The main character of Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child" Stella Nudolskaya, together with her mother, were subjected to repression: they were sent into exile as members of the family of an enemy of the people. It was difficult for a woman who had suffered from bone tuberculosis to cope with hard physical work, she was afraid for the fate of her daughter, but she never complained of pain or fatigue. It was the stamina, courage and perseverance of the mother that helped her and Stella survive in inhuman conditions and at the same time remain proud, internally free people.

4. Mercy problem.

The main character of Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Baby" Stella remembers how the Yuzhakovs, risking their freedom, unselfishly helped the exiles survive, simply because they saw how hard it was for a woman and her daughter to cope with poverty and illness. The Yuzhakovs took care of Stella and her mother: they treated, fed, helped with the move, brought food. This is an example of compassion.

5. The role of parental love.

Recall the biography of Stella Nudolskaya from Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child". A woman who has endured many troubles, injustice and cruelty in her life, remembers with gratitude her parents, who treated her with love and always supported her. In childhood, they always devoted a lot of time to their daughter: they played with her, read books to her, taught her languages. From childhood, Stella learned many truths that helped to educate her character, the main one being “Slavery is a state of mind. A free man cannot be made a slave."

6. The problem of industriousness.

An example of a hardworking person is Savely Yuzhakov from Olga Gromova's book Sugar Child. This man devoted his whole life to hard peasant labor and from childhood he attached children to work: the boys, along with their father, plowed, sowed, mowed, the girls helped their mothers around the house in everything. In addition, Savely beautifully carved wood, made shoes, and his wife and daughters spun and sewed. The efforts of the whole family were bearing fruit: the economy of the "Southerners" was strong, despite the difficulties, collectivization, and the difficult climate.

7. The problem of finding the meaning of life.

Let us recall Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child", which tells about the fate of a repressed family. Stella, the main character of the work, thinks more than once what is the meaning of life, what are the guidelines that should be followed on the path of life. Brought up, despite all the difficulties, by a free person, Stella considers the main goal of life to be the multiplication of good. Having endured many hardships, even in old age she does not refuse an active life position and participates in raising funds for humanitarian aid to people affected by the earthquake.

8. The problem of the struggle for truth, justice

Let us turn to Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child", which focuses on the fate of the repressed girl Stella Nudolskaya. The girl, even under the threat of being expelled from the pioneers, which was considered a shame in those years, refuses to paint over with ink the portraits of Blucher and Tukhachevsky in the textbook, as she considers them worthy people who have contributed to the history of our country. This is a worthy deed, showing the strength of the character of the heroine of the work.

9. The problem of patriotism

Recall the book by Olga Gromova "Sugar Child". Stella Nudolskaya, the main character of this work, despite the difficulties of the fate of a person who was repressed in childhood and declared a family member as a traitor to the homeland of a person, remains true to her Fatherland. She doesn’t even think about emigration, because she understands that the country is not only leaders, the government, but also the people, therefore it is impossible to leave one’s native land in a difficult time for the Fatherland, one must serve people and do good.

10. The problem of responsibility for moral choice.

Olga Gromova in the book "Sugar Child" reflects on how to make the right moral choice so as not to lose self-respect and human dignity. Stella Nudolskaya, the main character of the work, talks with her mother about why honest and hardworking people who served the people are declared enemies of the people and kulaks. At the end of the conversation, the girl understands that when evaluating people, you need to “listen to your heart” and think for yourself, and not blindly believe in big words, slogans, accusations and glorifications. Stella comes to the conclusion that everyone must choose which side he takes and be responsible for his own decision.

11. friendship problem

Let's turn to Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child", in the center of which is the fate of Stella Nudolskaya. Being repressed and finding herself with her mother in distant Kyrgyzstan, the main character of the work understands the value of friendship. When a girl is expelled from the pioneers because she refuses to cross out the portraits of Blucher and Tukhachevsky in a textbook, her comrades do not leave her in trouble. Sapkos and Frida support Stella and stay true friends, despite the fact that they could also be condemned by communicating with her.

Arguments from the story of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev "My horses are flying ..."

The problem of love for a small homeland.

The problem of love for a small homeland was raised in their works by many writers. Let's remember autobiographical story B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author admits that he was “fabulously lucky” to be born in Smolensk. With a sense of pride, the prose writer tells about the history of the city, about the people who live in it, about the oak that has preserved the “eternally living warmth” of the past. The narrator understands that there are more beautiful cities on earth, but it was Smolensk that became dear, because it is the "cradle of childhood."

The problem of patriotism

The problem of patriotism was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author admits that his love for the Fatherland began with respect for history hometown, with the ability to appreciate the traditions of his family and his people. It is for Smolensk, where he spent his childhood, that the young lieutenant Vasiliev goes to fight, realizing that the “cradle of childhood” cannot be given to the enemy.

The problem of being kind to others

Many writers raised the problem of a good attitude towards other people in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author, talking about his childhood, recalls that it was "saturated with Good." Helping neighbors who were having a hard time was the norm, and there was no expectation of praise or reward for this. This "simplest form of goodness" helped the narrator to form moral values, preserve humanity until the elderly.

The problem of education

The problem of education was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author, talking about his childhood, demonstrates how his parents raised him, instilling in him "a great sense of everyday domestic internationalism", diligence, a reverent attitude to the book, the ability to sacrifice what is necessary for the sake of people. Parents by their example showed the boy how to live in order to be a “quite good” person. For example, my father never once allowed himself to use a company car for personal purposes, because he considered such an act dishonorable.

The influence of nature on man

The problem of education was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author talks about a huge old oak, "the most ancient inhabitant" of Smolensk. The beauty and grandeur of this tree, which keeps the history of centuries, the boy remembered for the rest of his life. It was this oak that made him think about the role of history in the life of every person.

The problem of the role of childhood, childhood memories in human life

The problem of the role of childhood, childhood memories in a person's life was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author, a person who has experienced a lot, recalls with a tremulous feeling those who “gave him childhood and warmed him with their own hearts”, because it was in childhood that those traits were laid that helped to survive in the difficult years of the war, which made him a creator and a person who values ​​spirituality above all else.

The problem of self-sacrifice, love for people

The problem of self-sacrifice, love for people was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author tells about the fate of Dr. Jansen, "the holy city of Smolensk." This man devoted his life to selfless service to people. A doctor in the area where the poor lived, he worked seven days a week and holidays, was always polite and patient. Dr. Jansen sacrificed himself to save two boys who, while playing, fell into a sewer shaft and could suffocate. The whole of Smolensk came to the funeral of this worthy man.

The problem of the role of art in human life

The problem of the role of art in human life was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author sees the function of art in saturating human life with meaning, teaching people to doubt, feel and suffer. All this, according to the writer, prolongs physical and spiritual life.

The problem of finding the meaning of life

The problem of the meaning of life was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about how, trying to comprehend the purpose of his own existence, he turns to his father with the question: “Why has a person been released so much?” And he gets a short but capacious answer: "For work." It was this conversation that helped the young man to believe in "the need for hard, daily, frantic work." In this he saw a lofty goal, multiplying goodness in the world.

The problem of the role of labor in human life

Many writers raised the problem of the role of labor in human life in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his family, in which everyone worked. From early childhood, the narrator remembers his hands burned with weeded grass, his father, who repaired and restored something in his spare time, his mother and aunt, who always darned and altered something. For them, a person who did not want to work was "obviously perceived with a negative sign if he was healthy."

11/ The problem of spirituality, moral values

The role of literature and reading in the formation of personality

The problem of literature and reading in the formation of personality was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his family, the main value in which were books. For the rest of his life, the boy remembered how in the evenings they read aloud the classics, literature, which "they read, figuratively speaking, taking off their hats." So he discovered Turgenev, Goncharov, Gogol, Lermontov... The works of great writers formed the best character traits of the future writer, while he "remained on his knees before Literature."

Problem with animals

The problem of attitudes towards animals was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author encourages readers to see in the animal not fun, not a whim, but helpers needed by people and therefore respected. It is then that animals ennoble a person, make him kinder, more demanding of himself. The main thing is not to forget about the responsibility to our smaller brothers and to be merciful to them. This is exactly what you can call the father of the narrator, who fed the dogs abandoned by people, and they responded to him with devotional service.

The problem of perseverance in overcoming difficulties

The problem of perseverance in overcoming difficulties was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his father, who never quit what he started, because he believed: "it's all about desire and work." This man always had the strength to overcome obstacles. For example, he took on the responsibility of repairing decommissioned cars in order to teach newbies how to drive. Sparing no time, the officer worked, and he managed to "breathe life into these car corpses."

The problem of courage and heroism

The problem of courage and heroism was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his father, a modest and laconic man who, in an extreme situation, showed fortitude and courage. When, due to the boy's negligence, a fire broke out in the garage, threatening to spread to residential buildings, his father, risking his life, pulled out an already ignited barrel of gasoline, which saved people from the fire.

The problem of conscience

The problem of conscience was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his father, a modest and laconic man who, despite the fact that he had the right to a personal car and had three cars at his disposal, never used them for personal purposes, because he was ashamed in front of people, because the technique and gasoline were state property.

The problem of mercy, the ability to live not for oneself

The problem of mercy, the ability to live not for oneself, was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his grandmother, who knew how to sympathize with someone else's misfortune. For example, when she finds out that one of her friends has been living without electricity and a stove for a month, she gives her kerosene along with a can and does not regret it at all.

Problem maternal love

The problem of maternal love was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his mother, who gave him life, risking her own, because she was "burned by consumption." The narrator carried this feat of maternal love, self-denial and sacrifice through his entire life. The writer recalls with gratitude that his mother taught him not to complain about life, to be friends with people, not paying attention to their nationality, to read classical literature.

Problem historical memory

Many writers raised the problem of historical memory in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author shares his views on the role of the memory of ancestors in the life of each of us. The prose writer believes that the words of A.S. Pushkin that one should be proud of the glory of one's ancestors, and not respect it - shameful cowardice. It is history that links generations, preserves traditions and “does not allow a person to remain a barbarian.”

The problem of the teacher's role in human life

The problem of the role of the teacher in human life was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author gratefully talks about his first teacher, who saw her duty not in “stuffing” children with knowledge, making future “robot-specialists” out of them, but in “educating the Citizens of the Fatherland”. It was she who allowed the children to touch the past of the Motherland, instilled in them a love for history.

21. The problem of the influence of war on the fate of man

The problem of the influence of war on the fate of a person was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". Being participants in the Second World War, Boris Vasilyev says that it is still impossible to take off the weight of it. He calls this time a charred piece of biography and considers it his duty to write about that wartime. That is why the story “I was not on the lists” appears. This is a wreath of memory for the grave of his closest friend Nikolai Pluzhnikov. The military generation was devoid of youth: early responsibility made them young adults.

Arguments from the book of Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev "Letters about kindness"

Finding purpose and meaning in life

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that "increasing good in the world around us" is the highest and most worthy goal of human life. The one who considers career or material wealth to be the main value is mistaken, because all this can be lost in one moment. And a person who rejoiced in each of his good deeds does not lose, but gains the respect and gratitude of those around him.

The problem of honor and dignity

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that every person should follow the wise folk proverb and protect honor from a young age. After all, our actions live in the memory of people. The worthy ones will warm their hearts in old age, while the bad ones will not let them sleep peacefully at night.

The problem of love

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that love is necessary, since it is love that makes a person better, helps him gain wisdom. However, this feeling should not be unconscious, blind. You need to see the shortcomings of a loved one and help him deal with them.

The problem of truth, honesty

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that lies, cunning are always directed against the deceiver. The academician considers fidelity to truth and justice to be the highest feeling. A wise person will not dodge, the truth gives him the most valuable thing in life - a calm conscience.

The problem of patriotism and nationalism

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that you need to be patriots, not nationalists. There is no need to hate other nations if you love yours. true patriot must know and appreciate the history of his country, strive to do everything possible for the prosperity of the Fatherland.

The problem of being kind to people

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that it is necessary to be open, tolerant of other people's shortcomings. You have to look for the good in people. This ability to see in a person the "obscured" beauty enriches spiritually.

The problem of resentment and revenge

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that one should not stoop to resentment, because excessive touchiness is a sign of complexes, so it is necessary to learn to forgive and never take revenge, as this allows a person to pay more attention to good feelings.

The problem of greed

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that greed is "forgetfulness of one's own dignity", a disgusting feeling, humiliating for a person, hostile to him and others. Greed, in contrast to reasonable thrift, is a disease that takes possession of the mind.

The problem of preserving the purity of the Russian language

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that language is an indicator of human culture, the degree of psychological balance, and spiritual strength. “Spitting words” people injure others, a self-confident person will not swear, use jargon: he knows that his word is already weighty.

The problem of manifestation of conscience

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that conscience always comes from the depths of the soul, it "is cleansed to some extent." It is this feeling that “gnaws” a person for his bad deeds. Besides, conscience is never false. Truly fair man considers it his life guide.

The problem of intelligence

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that a person must be intelligent under any circumstances. What is intelligence? It is not only in knowledge, but also in the ability to understand others, to be tolerant of other people's opinions, and to honor all the best traditions of the past.

The problem of envy

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that envy is a terrible, destructive feeling that is characteristic of people who have not found their way in life, insecure and notorious. To get rid of envy, it is necessary to develop unique traits in yourself, to strive to be yourself.

The problem of education

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that a well-mannered person is one "who wants and knows how to reckon with others." It is not enough to read and study books about the rules of etiquette, you need to learn to take care of the world and people, respect the past of your country.

The Problem of Happiness

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that happy man makes "spiritual culture", because it is she who fills people's lives with meaning. The happiest can be considered those who follow the "roads of good."

The problem of education, enlightenment

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that one should always study, but a particularly favorable time for getting a good education is youth. Knowledge grows and multiplies, therefore, self-education is necessary, which contributes to intellectual growth and broadening of horizons.

The problem of historical memory

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that young people should strive to better know the past of their family, city, country and the whole world. However, this is not enough: it is also necessary to carefully preserve cultural monuments, objects left from the ancestors in order to convey history to the descendants. After all, a people that forgets about the past has no right to the future.

The problem of the influence of works of art on a person

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that art ennobles a person, opens his soul for the perception of beauty, and teaches humanity. It is only necessary when dealing with great works to be "armed with knowledge", information. After all, knowledge is power, and art is "inaccessible to the powerless."

The problem of nature conservation

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that the laws of ecology must be observed, because their violation will lead to the physical death of people. In addition, the landscape of each country is an important element national culture because nature is “the expression of the soul of the people”. Do not protect it - destroy the culture of your country.

Vandalism, destruction of cultural monuments

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that the "stock of monuments" of culture is extremely limited and is depleted at a progressive rate. Therefore, in order not to be “not remembering kinship”, we must carefully treat the cultural environment, otherwise we will have nothing to leave to our descendants.

The problem of mercy and compassion

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that a person should be caring, merciful. Compassion is a manifestation of morality, it unites people, makes them fight for humanity, justice, the preservation of nature and the past of their country. This feeling helps people not to harden their souls, since it has been forgotten, it needs to be revived.

The problem of the scientist's responsibility for the discovery

Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The academician convinces young readers that a man of science bears moral responsibility for his discoveries. In the age of machines and robots, atomic energy and biological weapons, scientists must be especially careful and try not to harm environment and people.

Memory problem

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that memory is the overcoming of time and death, therefore "a person without memory is an ungrateful, irresponsible and incapable of noble deeds person." To the younger generation it is necessary to treat memory with care and know that it is “our wealth”.

The role of youth, youth in the fate of a person

Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that youth is a time when a person makes real friends, develops habits that will help or hinder him in the future. For example, it is important to instill diligence in youth, since there is no more unfortunate "man who is lazy and avoids effort." It must be remembered that deeds committed in youth will warm the heart in old age, and bad deeds "will not let you sleep."