Shvonder - minor character in the story of M. A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog", a proletarian, the new head of the house committee. He played an important role in introducing Sharikov into society. Despite this, the author does not give him a detailed description. This is not a person, but a public person, a generalized image of the proletariat. All that is known about his appearance is that a thick mop of curly hair towered on his head. He does not like class enemies, to which he refers Professor Prebrazhensky and demonstrates this in every possible way.

For Schwonder, the most important thing in the world is a "document", that is, a piece of paper. Having learned that an unregistered person lives in Philip Philipovich's apartment, he immediately obliges him to register him and issue a passport in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. He does not care where this man came from and the fact that Sharikov is just a dog transformed as a result of the experiment. Shvonder bows before the authorities, believes in the power of laws, regulations and documents. He does not even care that the professor has made a real revolution in science and medicine. For him, Sharikov is just another unit of society, a tenant of an apartment who needs to be registered.

The story of M.A. Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog" reflects the post-revolutionary era of the 20s - the time of NEP. The realistic description of the Soviet reality of this time is combined with the story of the grandiose fantastic experiment of Professor F.F. Preobrazhensky. As a result of an operation on a dog with a pituitary transplant of a human brain, the professor manages to get a new creature. There was a "humanization" of the dog - the dog turns into a man. This is evidenced by the entries, called by the author "From the diary of Dr. Bormenthal." At first, it is just a "case history", which describes the initial data of the "patient" - the dog Sharik, the course of the operation, medical appointments. Then the patient's condition changes: his hair falls out, his voice appears, his height increases ... Gradually, he turns into a person, although poorly developed, but able to talk, and then understand others. As a new tenant, the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder, takes him under his wing - he lays the foundations for Sharikov's worldview (on his advice new person chooses a name - Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov). For Shvonder, it is very important to exert a certain influence on Sharikov, because Shvonder is hostile to Professor Preobrazhensky, considering him a bourgeois. Sharikov quickly learns his vulgar sociological views: everything is determined by the class origin of a person. The maid Zinka is "an ordinary servant, but forsu, like a commissar." Philipp Philippovich, of course, is “not a comrade”: “we didn’t study at universities, we didn’t live in apartments of 15 rooms with bathrooms.” Sharikov quickly learned that "at present, everyone has his own right," but he does not want to understand that he should also have responsibilities. Therefore, he makes many claims to the professor, but is not capable of an elementary feeling of gratitude. Under the influence of Schwonder, he reads books whose content he does not understand, and everything he does not understand, be it books or theater, is "counter-revolution". Reading Engels' correspondence with Kautsky, he "disagrees" with both, his opinion is simple: "Take everything and divide it up." Shvonder wrote accusatory articles against the professor, Sharikov went further: he learned to write denunciations. Shvonder was surprised to see that Sharikov was getting out of his influence when it came to the need for documents, registration, military registration - Sharikov agrees to "register", but categorically refuses to fight. When Sharikov drank away the money taken to buy textbooks, Shvonder was finally convinced that Sharikov was a "scoundrel." And yet the socially close Sharikov is more understandable to Shvonder than the class-free Professor Preobrazhensky. Unlike Shvonder, the professor realized that Sharikov, in his meanness and arrogance, would go much further than his "mentor", showing himself to be a worthy "student".

Ball – main character fantastic story by M. A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog", a homeless dog who was picked up and sheltered by Professor Preobrazhensky. This is an eternally hungry, frozen, homeless dog that wanders in doorways in search of food. At the beginning of the story, we learn that a cruel cook scalded his side, and now he is afraid to ask someone for food, lies against a cold wall and waits for the end. But suddenly the smell of sausage comes from somewhere and he, unable to stand it, follows her. A mysterious gentleman walked along the sidewalk, who not only treated him to sausage, but also invited him to his house. Since then, Sharik began a completely different life.

The professor took good care of him, cured his sore side, brought him into proper shape and fed him several times a day. Soon Sharik began to turn away even from roast beef. The rest of the inhabitants of the professor's large apartment also treated Sharik well. In response, he was ready to faithfully serve his master and savior. Sharik himself was a smart dog. He knew how to distinguish letters on street signs, he knew exactly where the Glavryba store in Moscow was, where the meat counters were. Soon something strange happened to him. Professor Preobrazhensky decided to conduct an amazing experiment on transplanting human organs on it.

The experiment was a success, but after that Sharik began to gradually take on a human form and behave like the former owner of the transplanted organs - the thief and recidivist Klim Grigoryevich Chugunkin who died in a fight. So Sharik turned from kind and smart dog into an ill-mannered boor, an alcoholic and a brawler named Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov.

"Heart of a Dog" characteristic of Preobrazhensky

Preobrazhensky Philip Philipovich- the central character of the fantastic story "Heart of a Dog" by M. A. Bulgakov, the luminary of medicine of world importance, an experimental surgeon who has achieved remarkable results in the field of rejuvenation. The professor lives and works in Moscow on Prechistenka. He has a seven-room apartment, where he conducts his experiments. Housekeepers Zina, Daria Petrovna and temporarily his assistant Bormental live with him. It was Philip Philipovich who decided to conduct a unique experiment on a stray dog to transplant the human pituitary gland and testicles.

As a test subject, he used a stray dog Sharik. The results of his experiment exceeded expectations, as Sharik began to take on a human form. However, as a result of this physical and psychological humanization, Sharik turned into a terrible rude, drunkard and violator of law and order. The professor connected this with the fact that he transplanted the organs of Klim Chugunkin, a brawler, a recidivist thief, an alcoholic and a bully, to the dog. Over time, rumors about a dog that turned into a man leaked out and the creation of Preobrazhensky was issued an official document in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. Moreover, the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder, forced Philip Fillipovich to register Sharikov in the apartment as a full-fledged inhabitant.

Sharikov is the complete antipode of the professor, which leads to an insoluble conflict. When Preobrazhensky asked him to leave the apartment, the matter ended with threats with a revolver. Without a moment's hesitation, the professor decided to correct his mistake and, having put Sharikov to sleep, performed a second operation, which returned the dog kind heart and former look.

"Dog's heart" characteristic of Sharikov

Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov- the main negative character of the story "Heart of a Dog", the man into whom the dog Sharik turned after the operation of Professor Preobrazhensky. At the beginning of the story, it was a kind and harmless dog, who was picked up by the professor. After an experimental operation to implant human organs, he gradually assumed a human form and acted like a person, albeit immoral. His moral qualities left much to be desired, since the transplanted organs belonged to the deceased recidivist thief Klim Chugunkin. Soon, the newly converted dog was given the name Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and presented with a passport.

Sharikov became real problem for the professor. He was rowdy, pestered neighbors, molested servants, used foul language, got into fights, stole and drank heavily. As a result, it became clear that he inherited all these habits from the former owner of the transplanted pituitary gland. Immediately after receiving a passport, he got a job as the head of the subdepartment for cleaning Moscow from stray animals. Sharikov's cynicism and heartlessness forced the professor to perform another operation to turn him back into a dog. Fortunately, Sharik's pituitary gland was preserved in him, so at the end of the story Sharikov again became a kind and affectionate dog, without boorish habits.

"Dog's heart" characteristic of Bormental

Bormental Ivan Arnoldovich- one of the main characters of the story "Heart of a Dog" by M. A. Bulgakov, assistant and assistant to Professor Preobrazhensky. This young doctor is fundamentally honest and noble by nature. He is completely devoted to his teacher and is always ready to help. He cannot be called weak-willed, because at the right time he knows how to show firmness of character. Preobrazhensky accepted Bormental as an assistant when he was still a student at the department. Immediately after graduation, a capable student became an assistant professor.

In a conflict situation that arose between Sharikov and Preobrazhensky, he takes the side of the professor and tries his best to protect him and other characters. Sharikov was once just a stray dog that was picked up and adopted by a professor. For the purposes of the experiment, the human pituitary gland and testicles were transplanted to him. Over time, the dog not only became human, but also began to behave like a person, like the previous owner of the transplanted organs - thief and recidivist Klim Chugunkin. When the rumor about the new resident reached the house committee, Sharik was given documents in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and was registered in the professor's apartment.

Bormental carefully monitored the behavior of this impudent and ill-mannered creature, not shunning even physical violence. He had to move in with the professor for a while to help deal with Sharikov, whom he almost strangled in a rage. Then the professor had to perform a second operation to turn Sharikov back into a dog.

"Dog heart" characteristic Shvonder

Shvonder- a minor character in the story "Heart of a Dog", a proletarian, the new head of the house committee. He played an important role in introducing Sharikov into society. Despite this, the author does not give him a detailed description. This is not a person, but a public person, a generalized image of the proletariat. All that is known about his appearance is that a thick mop of curly hair towered on his head. He does not like class enemies, to which he refers Professor Prebrazhensky and demonstrates this in every possible way.

The story "Heart of a Dog", written in 1925, M.A. Bulgakov never saw printed. It was about unpredictable consequences. scientific discoveries, that an experiment that looks ahead and deals with inadequate human consciousness, is dangerous. In the foreground in the story is the experiment of the brilliant medical scientist Preobrazhensky with all the tragic results unexpected for the professor himself and his assistant Bormental. Having transplanted human seminal glands and the pituitary gland of the brain into a dog for purely scientific purposes, Preobrazhensky, to his amazement, receives a man from a dog. Homeless Sharik, forever hungry, offended by everyone who is not lazy, turns into a man in a matter of days. And already on his own initiative he receives the human name Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov.

His habits remain doglike, and the professor has to deal with his upbringing. The medical-biological experiment turns into a moral-psychological experiment.

Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky is not only an outstanding specialist in his field. He is a man of high culture and an independent mind, and is very critical of everything that has been going on around him since March 1917. “Why, when this whole story began, did everyone begin to walk in dirty galoshes and felt boots on the marble stairs? .. Why was the carpet removed from front staircase?.. Why the hell did they remove the flowers from the grounds? “Devastation,” Bormental objects to him. "No," retorts the professor. - What is your devastation? .. This is what: if I, instead of operating every evening, start singing in chorus in my apartment, I will be devastated. If, on entering the lavatory, I begin, pardon the expression, to urinate past the toilet bowl, and Zina and Darya Petrovna do the same, devastation will begin in the lavatory.

Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads. So, when these baritones shout “beat the devastation!” - I laugh ... This means that each of them must beat himself on the back of the head! And now, when he hatches all sorts of hallucinations out of himself and starts cleaning the sheds - his direct business - the devastation will disappear by itself. The views of Filipp Filippovich have much in common with the views of Bulgakov himself.

He is also skeptical about the revolutionary process, which, in his opinion, gives rise to "hallucinations" that prevent people from doing their own thing. And just as resolutely opposes any violence. Weasel is the only way that is possible and necessary in dealing with living beings - rational and unreasonable. “Terror can't do anything... They think in vain that terror will help them. No-sir, no-sir, it won't help, no matter what it is: white, red or even brown. Terror is completely paralyzing nervous system". And this conservative professor, who categorically rejects the revolutionary theory and practice of reorganizing the world, suddenly finds himself in the role of a revolutionary.

The new system strives to create a new man from the old "human material". Philipp Philippovich, as if competing with him, goes even further: he intends to make a man, and even a high culture and morality, out of a dog. "A caress, an exceptional caress." And, of course, by your own example. The result is known. Attempts to instill elementary cultural skills in Sharikov are met with persistent and ever-increasing resistance:

“... Everything is like in a parade ... a napkin - there, a tie - here, yes, “excuse me”, yes, “please, merci”, but so that for real, it’s not. You are torturing yourself, as under the tsarist regime.” Every day Sharikov becomes bolder, more aggressive and more dangerous. If only Sharik had been the "source material" for modeling Polygraph Poligrafovich, perhaps the professor's experiment would have succeeded. P

having lived in Philipp Philippovich's apartment, Sharik at first still commits some hooligan acts. But in the end it turns into a well-mannered house dog.

An amazing thing, the author ironically, is a dog collar. When they put him on Sharik for the first time and took him for a walk on a leash, he "walked like a prisoner, burning with shame." But very soon I realized “what a collar means in life. Furious envy was read in the eyes of all the dogs he met... At Dead Lane, some lanky mongrel with a chopped off tail barked at him as a "master's bastard" and "six". “A collar is like a briefcase,” Sharik himself mentally sharpens. And before the operation, he already sums up almost a philosophical basis for his new, officially servile position: a better life. And what is will? So, smoke, a mirage, a fiction... The nonsense of these malicious democrats...” But by chance, Sharik got human organs from a criminal. “Klim Grigoryevich Chugunkin, 25 years old, single. Nonpartisan, sympathetic. Tried 3 times and acquitted: the first time due to lack of evidence, the second time the origin saved, the third time - suspended hard labor for 15 years. A "sympathizer" sentenced to hard labor "conditionally" - this is reality itself invading Preobrazhensky's experiment.

She invades along another line - in the person of the chairman of the house committee, Shvonder. This "cadre" Bulgakov's character in this case has a special role. He even writes articles for the newspaper, reads Engels.

In general, he is fighting for revolutionary order and social justice. Residents of the house should enjoy the same benefits. No matter how brilliant a scientist Professor Preobrazhensky is, there is no reason for him to occupy seven rooms. He can dine in the bedroom, perform operations in the examination room, where he cuts rabbits. And in general, it's time to equate him with Sharikov, a man of a completely proletarian appearance.

The professor himself manages to fight off Shvonder. But he is no longer able to beat off Sharikov. Shvonder has already taken over that patronage and is educating him in his own way. What happens to Sharikov in the story, as with the help of Shvonder he becomes, so to speak, a conscious participant in the revolutionary process, in 1925 looked like a vicious satire on the process itself and on its participants.

Two weeks after the dog skin came off and he began to walk on two legs, this participant already has a document proving his identity. And the document, according to Schwonder, who knows what he's talking about, is "the most important thing in the world." A week or two later, Sharikov becomes a co-worker. And not an ordinary one - the head of the sub-department of cleaning the city of Moscow from stray animals. Meanwhile, his nature is the same as it was - dog-criminal. What is worth one of his messages about his work "in the specialty": "Yesterday cats were strangled."

However, Polygraph Poligrafovich is no longer satisfied with cats ... “Well, all right,” he suddenly said angrily, “you will remember me. Tomorrow I'll arrange for you to make redundancies." This is for that typist girl who, believing that he is a hero civil war and in general a big man, ready to sign with him. And the professor is a cookie. And “at the address of the dangerous Bormenthal” - a revolver. The story with Sharikov ends happily: having returned the dog to its original state, the professor, refreshed and as cheerful as ever, goes about his direct business, the “dearest dog” - his: lies on the carpet by the sofa and indulges in sweet reflections.

But Bulgakov left the ending of the story open. With the Heart of a Dog, Bulgakov's cycle of satirical novels and short stories ended. He never wrote any more.

Composition Bulgakov M.A. - Dog's heart

Topic: - “Shvonder is the most important fool” (based on the story of M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

The story "Heart of a Dog" is one of the most significant works of M. Bulgakov. It is about the unpredictable consequences of scientific discoveries, about the danger of intrusion into the natural course of life. After reading the story, it becomes clear that the worst thing is when the results of scientific discoveries begin to be used by people who are limited, petty vengeful, spiteful, thinking exclusively in slogans. Such a person in the story, of course, is the chairman of the house committee Shvonder.

What is this person doing? Being the chairman of the house committee, he does not consider it necessary to keep order and cleanliness in the house. It is not for nothing that, having learned about the moving in of the "residential comrades", Professor Preobrazhensky complains: "The Kalabukhov house is gone! We'll have to leave, but where, you ask? Everything will be like clockwork. At first, every evening singing, then the pipes in the toilets will freeze, then the boiler in the steam heating will burst, and so on. This line of conduct, therefore, has become habitual among people like Shvonder: not to fulfill their direct duties, but to engage in uttering revolutionary phrases. Discussions, meetings, transfusion from empty to empty - all this is Shvonder's bureaucratic element.

Already from the first appearance of Shvonder in the apartment of Professor Preobrazhensky, it is clear that this is a deeply uncultured person: he walks in dirty boots on Persian carpets. But if only this! He turns to Professor Preobrazhensky with an absurd demand to "compact": the general meeting decided that the professor could well refuse two rooms - a dining room and an examination room, as a result of which the professor would have to eat in the bedroom and operate in the same place where he cuts rabbits. It is characteristic that such a situation seems quite natural to Shvonder, as well as the fact that the needs of a person are determined not by himself, but by the general meeting. Leveling, disrespect for individuality - these are the life principles of Shvonder.

Shvonder's first visit to Preobrazhensky's apartment ends with the disgrace of Shvonder and his relatives. However, the appearance of Sharikov makes the professor vulnerable and causes an attack of violent activity in Shvonder. First of all, he writes a note to the newspaper, where he declares Sharikov the professor's illegitimate son, since his (Shvonder's) limited mind is not able to contain the thought of something unusual, unpredictable.

Shvonder becomes Sharikov's ideologue, his spiritual shepherd. He begins the upbringing of the "new man", again, absurdly. He does not care at all that Sharikov rushes at every cat, peels seeds and uses foul language. The main thing is that Sharikov should know the basics of the new ideology, and he gives him to read the correspondence between Engels and Kautsky, from reading which Sharikov draws the radical conclusion that everything must be divided equally.

Moreover, Shvonder actually equates the social rights of the professor with

With a world name and yesterday's yard dog. “A document is the most important thing in the world,” says Schwonder. The document turns Sharik into Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, gives him the opportunity to become the head of the cleaning subdivision, that is, to become a full member of human society.

But Shvonder does not understand that by taking care of Sharikov, he is digging his own grave. Professor Preobrazhensky quite rightly remarks: “... Shvonder is the most important fool. He does not understand that Sharikov is an even more formidable danger for him than for me ... if someone, in turn, sets Sharikov on Shvonder himself, then only horns and legs will remain of him. even based on their own absurd logic, at least to foresee something, in general to think about the consequences of their own actions. He is driven only by the desire to “share everything”, and the meaning of his image in the story is to reveal the true nature of the social system that he personifies, and to show that in order to be a full member of this system, it is quite enough to learn how to speak and get rid of the tail.