The path of searching for Andrei Bolkonsky A lesson in literature in the 10th grade was prepared by a teacher of the Russian language and literature of the secondary school No. 46 of Belgorod Zakharova L.N.
“... I am re-reading War and Peace. How well the old man knew the era, how amazingly he knew the ins and outs of human relations, feelings, the course of spiritual movements. V. Ya. Shishkov “... Tolstoy knows how to penetrate into the depths of characters ... He outlines with incomparable force their merits and demerits, hesitations and contradictions. This is a terrible and inexorable psychologist, from whose observation nothing can be hidden and for whom human nature, so changeable and diverse, has no secret. Alfred Baden
Let's walk the path of Bolkonsky after the author Speaking about ourselves and our place in secular society, Andrei exclaims: “I don’t have ... this well-known good-natured and preoccupied vulgarity that is needed for this.”
Let's follow the path of Bolkonsky after the author Independence and dryness The first meeting with behavior contrasts with Andrei in the cabin with the behavior of the rest of Scherer. guests "Living rooms, gossip, dissimilarity, balls, vanity, insignificance - these are those around:" this vicious circle from which I can not get out ", - life says not for me!" Bolkonsky Pierre at Bezukhov Dreams of a personal self “Before the battle of Austerlitz, I had a presentiment that I could show my glory that I could. Me all the things that I can do. that happy moment presented itself, Toulon, that Toulon that I had been waiting for so long. passion for the famous I want fame, I want to be ideas for people, I want to be loved by them ... I am Napoleon. it's not my fault that I want this, for this alone I live. “... I do not love anything, as soon as glory, human love. And no matter how dear or dear to me many people are - my father, sister, wife - the people dearest to me - but, no matter how terrible and unnatural it seems, I will give them all now for a moment of glory, triumph over people, for love. people to yourself."
Let's follow the path of Bolkonsky after the author. The Russians lost the Russian Austerlitz battles in Austerlitz. They were solemnly losing the battle of Austerlitz. Prince Andrei, “How quietly, calmly feeling tears of shame and anger, not like I was running,” thought those who had approached him at the moment in the turning point in his throat, he was already jumping off his horse and running to the banner. Prince Andrei, - not the way we ran, - Guys, go ahead! he shouted childishly - the life of a hero. shouted and fought; not at all like with poignantly. with embittered and frightened faces, a Frenchman and an artilleryman dragged a bannik from each other, - quite a force like “What is this? I'm falling? - I have a neon and fell on the Cleansing legs creeping underfoot”, high, the clouds on this thought back. He opened his eyes…But he is nothing of nature. endless sky. How did I not see it. Was there nothing above him now, except for that lofty sky? And how I am the sky - the high sky, obscure, but still happy that I finally recognized it. Yes! on immeasurably high, with silently creeping All empty, all clouds. it gray deceit, except this endless sky. There is nothing but him. But even that is not even there, nothing. Disappointment in “Everything is empty, everything is a lie, except. And there is no, except for silence, calm. this former aspirations. endless sky". God bless!. . . »
Let's follow the path of Bolkonsky after the author Returning home, Andrei Bolkonsky decided never to serve in the army again and began to rely on a calm family life. And yet the concepts of honor and nobility, living in the soul of Bolkonsky, do not allow him to remain an indifferent observer of the surrounding life. Attempts to escape into a quiet secular life, philosophical conclusions that a person, like a tree, should live out his life calmly and patiently, failed again. Family drama of the hero. “I know only two real misfortunes in life: remorse and illness. And spiritual crisis. happiness is only the absence of these two evils, ”says Bolkonsky to Pierre. Practical. His spiritual world has undergone significant changes. His outlook on life has changed. village. and life itself. Has changed
Let's follow the path of Bolkonsky after the author Returning home, Bolkonsky Meeting with Natasha noticed that the old Rostova he knew was in Otradnoye. the oak is green. Prince Andrei took this as a sign, as a call “I have never experienced anything with happiness. - to resurrection to life. action, life, to the like, he admits to Bezukhov. - I'm in love, my friend. The whole world is now divided for Andrei Bolkonsky into two halves: “one is she, and the decision to“ live for others ”is all happiness, hope, light; the other and an attempt to participate in half - everything where it is not, there is despondency and darkness. Under the influence of his love, Andrei makes public life. Natasha offer. However, at the insistence of his father, he must postpone the wedding for a year, during which he is forced to leave. Confident in his feelings, Bolkonsky agrees to such a condition. But he did not take into account Natasha's state of mind and youth. Having learned about her betrayal, about her passion for Anatole Kuragin, the hero experiences severe mental trauma. “I remember ... I said that the fallen woman was injured. I need to forgive, but I did not say that I can forgive. I can’t,” he says to Pierre. Disappointment in life.
Let's follow the path of Bolkonsky after the author battle of Borodino. Rapprochement with the people. Wound. The path to happiness is through Christian forgiveness and compassion. Reconciliation with life Before death forgive Natasha. the motives are especially clearly felt, and with the hero: the true meaning of the Christian teachings that has occurred is revealed to him, he forgives Natasha, the death of Prince Andrei. because an understanding of life in it comes to him. He participates in battles, becomes a witness to national disasters, draws close to soldiers and officers. His spiritual impulses merge with the national heroic impulse. Andrei Bolkonsky truly felt the desire to fight - not for the sake of a career and glory, but to protect his homeland, his country. Unfortunately, a serious injury cuts off the intense path of Bolkonsky's spiritual quest. At the dressing station, he meets Anatole, also seriously wounded. Remembering Natasha, Andrei realizes that he does not feel hatred at all for either her or Kuragin. On the contrary, in his heart now - love and pity. . simple and eternal basis. Andrei Bolkonsky leaves this world in complete harmony with people and with himself.
Conclusion Before us is a fully formed person. This is how Tolstoy leads Prince Andrei through the main events, through love and death, through cruel life trials. All his trials are the moment of truth. His fate is the path of a person who makes mistakes and is able to atone for his guilt, striving for moral perfection. Attachment to the feeling eternal love revived the strength of spirit in Prince Andrei, and he accomplished the most difficult, according to Tolstoy, deed - he died calmly and with dignity. And death became the "moment of truth" of his hero.
Composition
IN the art world Tolstoy has heroes, persistently and purposefully looking for meaning life, striving for complete harmony with the world. They are not interested in secular intrigues, selfish interests, empty talk in high-society salons. They are easily recognizable among haughty, self-satisfied faces.
They certainly include one of the most vivid images"War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky. True, the first acquaintance with this hero does not cause much sympathy, because his handsome face "with definite and dry features" spoils the expression of boredom and discontent. But it, as Tolstoy writes, is due to the fact that "all those who were in the living room were not only familiar, but already tired of him so much that it was very boring for him to look at them and listen to them." A detailed author's commentary suggests that a brilliant and idle, empty life does not satisfy the hero, who seeks to break the vicious circle in which he finds himself.
Prince Andrei, who, in addition to intelligence and education, has a strong will, decisively changes his life, having entered the service of the headquarters of the commander in chief. Bolkonsky dreams of heroism and glory, but his desires are far from vanity, for they are caused by the desire for the victory of Russian weapons, for the common good. Possessing hereditary pride, Andrei unconsciously separates himself from the world ordinary people. In the soul of the hero, the gap between his lofty dreams and earthly everyday life is becoming deeper and deeper. The pretty wife Lisa, who once seemed perfect to him, turned out to be an ordinary, ordinary woman. And Andrei undeservedly offends her with his dismissive attitude. And the hectic life of the headquarters of the commander-in-chief, which Bolkonsky seems to be the brain of the army, also turns out to be very far from ideal. Andrei firmly believes that his thoughts about saving the army will attract attention and interest, and will serve the common good. But instead of saving the army, he has to save the doctor's wife from the claims of the convoy officer. This one, in general, Noble act seems to Andrei too small and insignificant compared to his heroic dream.
The feat accomplished by him during the battle of Austerlitz, when he runs ahead of everyone with a banner in his hands, is full of external effect: even Napoleon noticed and appreciated him. But why, having committed a heroic deed, Andrei does not experience any delight and spiritual uplift? Probably because at the moment when he fell, seriously wounded, a new high truth was revealed to him along with a high endless sky that spread a blue vault over him. Against his background, all former dreams and aspirations seemed to Andrei petty and insignificant, the same as the former idol. There was a reassessment of values in his soul. What seemed to him beautiful and sublime turned out to be empty and vain. And what he so diligently fenced off a simple and quiet family life now seems to him desirable, full of happiness and harmony. It is not known how Bolkonsky's life would have turned out with his wife. But when, having risen from the dead, he returned home more kind and gentle, a new blow fell upon him - the death of his wife, before whom he could not make amends. Andrey tries to live simple, quiet life, touchingly taking care of his son, improving the lives of his serfs: he made three hundred people free cultivators, and replaced the rest with dues. These humane measures, testifying to the advanced views of Bolkonsky, for some reason still do not convince him of his love for the people. Too often slips in him of contempt for the peasant or soldier, who can be pitied, but not respected. In addition, the state of depression, the feeling of the impossibility of happiness suggests that all transformations cannot fully occupy his mind and heart. Changes in heavy state of mind Andrew begins with the arrival of Pierre, who, seeing the oppressed mood of his friend, tries to inspire him with faith in the existence of a kingdom of goodness and truth, which should exist on earth. Andrey's final resurrection to life is due to his meeting with Natasha Rostova. The description of the moonlit night and Natasha's first ball exudes poetry and charm. Communication with her opens up a new sphere of life for Andrei - love, beauty, poetry. But it is with Natasha that he is not destined to be happy, because there is no complete understanding between them. Natasha loves Andrei, but does not understand and does not know him. And she, too, remains a mystery to him with her own, special inner world. If Natasha lives every moment, unable to wait and postpone the moment of happiness until a certain time, then Andrei is able to love at a distance, finding a special charm in anticipation of the upcoming wedding with his girlfriend. The separation turned out to be too difficult a test for Natasha, because, unlike Andrei, she is not able to think about something else, to occupy herself with some kind of business. The story of Anatole Kuragin destroys the possible happiness of these heroes. Proud and proud Andrei is unable to forgive Natasha for her mistake. And she, experiencing painful remorse, considers herself unworthy of such a noble, ideal person. Fate separates loving people leaving bitterness and pain of disappointment in their souls. But she will unite them before Andrei's death, because Patriotic War 1812 will change a lot in their characters.
When Napoleon entered the borders of Russia and began to rapidly move forward, Andrei Bolkonsky, who hated the war after being seriously wounded near Austerlitz, goes to the active army, refusing to serve safely and promisingly at the headquarters of the commander in chief. Commanding a regiment, the proud aristocrat Bolkonsky draws closer to the soldier-peasant mass, learns to appreciate and respect the common people. If at first Prince Andrei tried to arouse the courage of the soldiers by walking under the bullets, then, when he saw them in battle, he realized that he had nothing to teach them. He begins to look at the peasants in soldier's overcoats as patriotic heroes who courageously and staunchly defended their Fatherland. Andrei Bolkonsky comes to the conclusion that the success of the army does not depend on the position, weapons or number of troops, but on the feeling that is in him and in every soldier. This means that he believes that the mood of the soldiers, the general morale of the troops are a decisive factor for the outcome of the battle.
But still, the complete unity of Prince Andrei with the common people did not happen. No wonder Tolstoy introduces a seemingly insignificant episode about how the prince wanted to swim on a hot day, but because of his squeamish attitude towards the soldiers floundering in the pond, he was never able to fulfill his intention. Andrei himself is ashamed of his feelings, but cannot overcome him.
It is symbolic that at the moment of a mortal wound Andrey feels a great craving for a simple earthly life, but immediately thinks about why he is so sorry to part with it. This struggle between earthly passions and an ideal coldish love for people is especially aggravated before his death. Having met Natasha and forgiving her, he feels a surge of vitality, but this quivering and warm feeling is replaced by some kind of unearthly detachment, which is incompatible with life and means death.
Thus, revealing in Andrei Bolkonsky many remarkable features of a patriotic nobleman. Tolstoy cuts off his path of searching with a heroic death for the sake of saving the fatherland. And to continue this search for higher spiritual values, which remained unattainable for Andrei, is destined in the novel to his friend and like-minded Pierre Bezukhov.
One of the main characters of the epic "Warrior and Peace" is Pierre Bezukhov. Characteristics of the character of the work is revealed through his actions. And also through the thoughts, spiritual searches of the main characters. The image of Pierre Bezukhov allowed Tolstoy to convey to the reader an understanding of the meaning of the era of that time, the whole life of a person.
Acquaintance of the reader with Pierre
The image of Pierre Bezukhov is very difficult to briefly describe and understand. The reader must go through with the hero all of his
Acquaintance with Pierre is referred in the novel to 1805. He appears at a secular reception with Anna Pavlovna Sherer, a Moscow high-ranking lady. By that time, the young man did not represent anything interesting for the secular public. He was the illegitimate son of one of the Moscow nobles. He received a good education abroad, but when he returned to Russia, he did not find a use for himself. An idle lifestyle, revelry, idleness, dubious companies led to the fact that Pierre was expelled from the capital. With this life baggage, he appears in Moscow. In turn, the high society also does not attract a young man. He does not share the pettiness of interests, selfishness, hypocrisy of his representatives. “Life is something deeper, more significant, but unknown to him,” Pierre Bezukhov reflects. "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy helps the reader to understand this.
Moscow life
The change of residence did not affect the image of Pierre Bezukhov. By nature, he is a very gentle person, easily falls under the influence of others, doubts about the correctness of his actions constantly haunt him. Unbeknownst to himself, he finds himself in captivity of the idle with her temptations, feasts and revelry.
After the death of Count Bezukhov, Pierre becomes the heir to the title and the entire fortune of his father. The attitude of society towards young people is changing dramatically. The eminent Moscow nobleman, in pursuit of the fortune of the young count, marries his beautiful daughter Helen to him. This marriage did not portend a happy family life. Very soon, Pierre understands the deceit, deceit of his wife, her debauchery becomes obvious to him. Thoughts of desecrated honor haunt him. In a state of rage, he commits an act that could be fatal. Fortunately, the duel with Dolokhov ended with the injury of the offender, and Pierre's life was out of danger.
The path of searching for Pierre Bezukhov
After the tragic events, the young count thinks more and more about how he spends the days of his life. Everything around is confusing, disgusting and meaningless. He understands that all secular rules and norms of behavior are insignificant in comparison with something great, mysterious, unknown to him. But Pierre does not have sufficient fortitude and knowledge to discover this great, to find the true purpose of human life. Thoughts did not leave the young man, making his life unbearable. a brief description of Pierre Bezukhov gives the right to say that he was a deep, thinking person.
Fascination with Freemasonry
After parting with Helen and giving her a large share of the fortune, Pierre decides to return to the capital. On the way from Moscow to St. Petersburg, during a short stop, he meets a man who talks about the existence of a brotherhood of Masons. Only they know the true path, they are subject to the laws of life. For Pierre's tormented soul and consciousness, this meeting, as he believed, was salvation.
Arriving in the capital, he, without hesitation, takes the rite and becomes a member of the Masonic Lodge. The rules of another world, its symbolism, views on life captivate Pierre. He unconditionally believes everything he hears at the meetings, although much of his new life seems gloomy and incomprehensible to him. The path of searching for Pierre Bezukhov continues. The soul is still rushing about and does not find peace.
How to make people's lives easier
New experiences and searches for the meaning of being lead Pierre Bezukhov to the understanding that the life of an individual cannot be happy when there are many destitute, deprived of any right people around.
He decides to take action to improve the lives of the peasants on his estates. Many do not understand Pierre. Even among the peasants, for whose sake all this was started, there is a misunderstanding, a rejection of the new way of life. This discourages Bezukhov, he is depressed, disappointed.
The disappointment was final when Pierre Bezukhov (whose characterization describes him as a gentle, trusting person) realized that he had been cruelly deceived by the manager, funds and efforts were wasted.
Napoleon
The disturbing events taking place in France at that time occupied the minds of the entire high society. stirred the minds of the young and the old. For many young people, the image of the great emperor has become an ideal. Pierre Bezukhov admired his successes, victories, he idolized the personality of Napoleon. I did not understand people who dared to resist the talented commander, great revolution. There was a moment in Pierre's life when he was ready to swear allegiance to Napoleon and defend the gains of the revolution. But this was not destined to happen. Feats, achievements for the glory of the French Revolution remained only dreams.
And the events of 1812 will destroy all ideals. The adoration of Napoleon's personality will be replaced in Pierre's soul with contempt and hatred. There will be an irresistible desire to kill the tyrant, avenging all the troubles that he brought to native land. Pierre was simply obsessed with the idea of reprisal against Napoleon, he believed that this was a destiny, the mission of his life.
battle of Borodino
The Patriotic War of 1812 broke the established foundation, becoming a real test for the country and its citizens. This tragic event directly affected Pierre. The aimless life of wealth and convenience was left without hesitation by the count for the sake of serving the fatherland.
It is in the war that Pierre Bezukhov, whose characterization has not yet been flattering, begins to look at life differently, to understand what was unknown. Rapprochement with soldiers, representatives of the common people, helps to re-evaluate life.
The great Battle of Borodino played a special role in this. Pierre Bezukhov, being in the same ranks with the soldiers, saw their real patriotism without falsehood and pretense, their readiness to give their lives without hesitation for the sake of their homeland.
Destruction, blood, and related experiences give rise to the spiritual rebirth of the hero. Suddenly, unexpectedly for himself, Pierre begins to find answers to questions that have tormented him for so many years. Everything becomes extremely clear and simple. He begins to live not formally, but with all his heart, experiencing a feeling unfamiliar to him, an explanation for which at this moment he cannot yet give.
Captivity
Further events unfold in such a way that the trials that befell Pierre should temper and finally form his views.
Once in captivity, he goes through an interrogation procedure, after which he remains alive, but before his eyes, several Russian soldiers are executed, who along with him fell to the French. The spectacle of the execution does not leave Pierre's imagination, bringing him to the brink of insanity.
And only a meeting and conversations with Platon Karataev again awaken a harmonious beginning in his soul. Being in a cramped barracks, experiencing physical pain and suffering, the hero begins to feel truly life path Pierre Bezukhov helps to understand that being on earth is a great happiness.
However, the hero will have to reconsider his own and look for his place in it more than once.
Fate disposes so that Platon Karataev, who gave Pierre an understanding of life, was killed by the French, as he fell ill and could not move. The death of Karataev brings new suffering to the hero. Pierre himself was released from captivity by the partisans.
Native
Freed from captivity, Pierre, one after another, receives news from his relatives, about whom he knew nothing for a long time. He becomes aware of the death of his wife Helen. Best friend, Andrei Bolkonsky, seriously wounded.
The death of Karataev, disturbing news from relatives again excite the soul of the hero. He begins to think that all the misfortunes that have occurred were his fault. He is the cause of the death of his loved ones.
And suddenly Pierre catches himself thinking that in difficult moments of spiritual experiences, the image of Natasha Rostova suddenly comes. She instills in him peace, gives strength and confidence.
Natasha Rostova
At subsequent meetings with her, he realizes that he has a feeling for this sincere, intelligent, spiritually rich woman. Natasha has a reciprocal feeling for Pierre. In 1813 they got married.
Rostova is capable of sincere love, she is ready to live in the interests of her husband, to understand, to feel him - this is the main advantage of a woman. Tolstoy showed the family as a way to save a person. The family is a small model of the world. The state of the whole society depends on the health of this cell.
Life goes on
The hero gained an understanding of life, happiness, harmony within himself. But the path to this was very difficult. The work of the inner development of the soul accompanied the hero all his life, and it gave its results.
But life does not stop, and Pierre Bezukhov, whose characterization as a seeker is given here, is again ready to move forward. In 1820, he informs his wife that he intends to become a member of a secret society.
The life of every person is built on the achievement of large and small goals that everyone sets himself. To achieve something, you have to work hard, sacrifice something. A tree cannot grow out of nothing, a house cannot be built. Thus, goals are guidelines that a person follows throughout his conscious life, while doing a lot of work. Is it easy to find your true purpose? What does a person live for? What motivates people to pursue their goals? What funds should be used to achieve a dream? Many writers have tried to answer these questions in their writings.
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy in his epic novel "War and Peace" described the life of society in the nineteenth century.
The author showed us how Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov are looking for answers to questions: how to live, what to devote yourself to in life. The heroes find the meaning of their existence in the happiness of living a full-blooded life, fulfilling the high purpose of a person, in the happiness of unity with the people in a time of disaster and in constant internal renewal.
Natasha is an aristocrat from birth, but she is very close to the people. She likes folk music, songs and dances. A girl from childhood does not care about the opinions of others. This does not mean that she is selfish, not at all, she has spiritual freedom, which is limited not by secular requirements, but moral laws. The strongest feeling for Natasha throughout the novel is love. Love for the motherland, father and mother, for Andrei, and later for Pierre.
The path of searching for Natasha Rostova goes through severe trials. She was deceived by Anatoly Kuragin, unsuccessfully tried to run away from home with him, thereby crossed out pure love to Prince Andrew. The girl after all these troubles continued to live. But she has not yet found her true purpose. Natasha during the war of 1812 decides to put aside all her desires. At the insistence of Natasha, all the carts of the Rostov family were given not to transport property, but to transport wounded soldiers from Moscow, engulfed in fire and besieged by the enemy. Could Natasha have done otherwise? No, this kind, patriotic girl is not able to put material wealth above human lives. The result of this act, the goal that the heroine set for herself, was the surviving Russian officers and soldiers. This is a worthy result!
According to the author, the happiness of a girl, her ultimate goal is not social activities, and in the performance of a high appointment to be a wife and mother. Natasha marries Pierre Bezukhov. Now, all the actions of the heroine are aimed at family life. This goal is of great importance in the life of the whole society. The efforts spent on raising a child, maintaining a family hearth are worth it, because children are our future!
All the heroes of the novel are in constant renewal, so Andrei Bolkonsky goes through difficult trials, mistakes, delusions before he finds his destiny in this life. At the beginning of the novel, the prince wants to escape from the annoying secular life. At that moment, he set himself the goal - to accomplish a feat in order to become famous, like his idol, Napoleon. Glory for him is not only the recognition of the people, but also the desire to do something good for others, to test himself as a man. In striving for this goal, he chooses the wrong means. The hero overestimates his abilities and goes to certain death near Austerlitz. In a crazy pursuit of glory, Andrey is seriously injured. On the other hand, this act raised the morale of our troops, but became disastrous for the hero himself.
In his first battle, the hero parted with his two erroneous goals: the desire to become famous for his feat alone and to become like Napoleon. For a long time Andrei could not find his destiny, his true goal. The consequence of such a spiritual upheaval was the closeness of the hero, he withdraws into himself.
Having passed the path of awakening, Prince Andrei comes to the conclusion that one must live and love. The events of 1812 became a turning point in the lives of all the heroes of the novel, including Andrei. He puts all his personal problems, desires into the background. The main goal in these years for him was to protect his homeland. He no longer dreams of becoming famous, he does not care about his life. “To live by helping people, to understand them, to merge one's life with the life of the people” - this is the new ideal that Prince Andrei is striving for.
Thus, there are two ways to find your true destiny. The first is to make mistakes, setting false and base goals for yourself, upon reaching which it will be unpleasant for you to look at the result of the work done. The second is to keep up with the people, not to overestimate yourself, taking small but positive steps towards your dream, your destiny. And in the end, having gone through all the difficulties and delusions, to find the answer to the question: “What do I live for and what can I do for the people around me?”.
