Quote message 190 years since the birth of one of the greatest writers in the world, Leo Tolstoy
Museum-estate "Yasnaya Polyana"
L. N. Tolstoy. Newsreel of 1910 (compiled from filming in 1908-1910).
Music: P. I. Tchaikovsky - Grand Sonata in G major, Op. 37, 1st part.
Content:
I. TOLSTOY'S LAST VISIT TO MOSCOW. September 1909 ( 00:00) 1. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy leaves for Moscow from the Chertkov estate ( 00:03)
2. Countess Sofia Andreevna Tolstaya ( 00:17)
3. L. N. Tolstoy, Chertkov and the family of the great writer ( 00:29)
4. Arrival in Moscow ( 01:34)
5. At the station Bryansk ( 01:43)
6. Leo Tolstoy arrives at his house in Khamovniki; this house will be turned into a Tolstoy museum ( 01:51)
7. Leo Nikolayevich's departure to Yasnaya Polyana ( 02:16)
II. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana. 1908-1910 ( 02:49)
8. Family of L. N. Tolstoy ( 02:51)
9. Lev Nikolaevich distributes alms to poor peasants ( 03:02)
10. Tolstoy's ride on horseback, accompanied by Dr. Makovetsky ( 04:05)
11. L. N. for a walk at five o'clock in the morning ( 04:57)
12. Lev Nikolaevich and his wife Countess Sofya Andreevna ( 05:05)
13. Grandchildren of Lev Nikolaevich ( 05:56)
14. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy at work ( 06:34)
15. Count Tolstoy on the balcony with his family ( 06:47)
16. Sick gr. LN Tolstoy on his balcony on the day of the anniversary. August 28, 1908 ( 07:13)
III. DEATH IN ASTAPOV AND FUNERAL IN Yasnaya Polyana. November 7-9, 1910
17. L. N. Tolstoy on his deathbed ( 07:22)
Interesting Facts:
Behind the epic four-volume book "War and Peace" (which the author himself called "verbose rubbish"), and especially behind its interpretation in the performance of the school curriculum, the true, mystical personality of Leo Tolstoy was lost.
Who was he - a free-thinking philosopher, or did schizophrenia show through his messianic insights? If such a person had lived in Medieval Europe, he would certainly have been burned as a heretic, as Jacques de Molay, Master of the Knights Templar, was burned in 1314.
And Leo Tolstoy was not as far from the Templars as one might think.
Leo Tolstoy - a descendant of the Templar crusader
The family of Leo Tolstoy's mother, M. N. Volkonskaya, descended from Prince Yaroslav the Wise. And the founder of the paternal family was a Knight Templar named Henri de Mons, also called Indris, who fled to Rus' in 1352 from the terror unleashed against his associates. After the defeat of the Order and the execution of its Master, some of the knights disappeared in an unknown direction, taking with them part of the order's treasures and the most important documents, which told about the origins of Christianity. The main version - that the fugitives fled to Scotland, remained unconfirmed.
According to the Chernigov Chronicle, the nobleman Indris came to Rus' with his two sons Litvonis and Zigmonten, and 3,000 people of the squad came with them. At baptism, Indris was named Leontius, and his sons were named Konstantin and Fedor. Subsequently, the descendants of Leonty entered the service of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Vasily the Dark.
Another famous descendant of Indris is Marshal Tukhachevsky.
Tolstoy - "loser"
Tolstoy received his primary education at home. At first, the German Reselman was his tutor, then the French Saint-Thomas. In 1844, Leo Tolstoy entered the Faculty of Oriental Languages at the Imperial Kazan University in the category of Arabic-Turkish literature. Despite initially excellent results, the student simply did nothing and was left as a freshman for the second year.
Then he transferred to the Faculty of Law, but he studied there for only two years. The young nobleman was disgusted by any information imposed from outside, and to study according to general program he could not, although self-study always achieved great results. In 1847, Tolstoy left the university without having passed his degree exams. But the young student began to keep a diary, became interested in this occupation, and subsequently drew many plots for his works from it.
The future writer is the hero of the Sevastopol war
Tolstoy's older brother, Nikolai, served in the army and convinced his brother to also join the army as a cadet. The brothers ended up serving in the Caucasus together and took part in many skirmishes with the highlanders. Lev Nikolaevich deserved the St. George Cross, but generously gave it to a simple soldier, to whom this award gave the right to significant benefits. In November 1854, Lev was transferred to Sevastopol, where he participated in the Crimean War for ten months. He commanded an artillery battery, was present during the assault on Malakhov Kurgan. A young soldier during active battles wrote the biographical work "Boyhood", as well as the trilogy " Sevastopol stories”, where he reflected on the harsh and unexpected ways of war. The books turned out to be successful, and they were willingly taken to print for the Sovremennik magazine, edited by A.N. Nekrasov.
For participation in the defense of Sevastopol, Tolstoy received several awards, including the Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree and the medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol".
"Rebellious" value system
The young writer critically perceived the existing order public life. His intellect was above those limits. Tolstoy saw the unfair distribution of wealth and tried to compensate for it.
As early as 1849, Tolstoy discovered in Yasnaya Polyana school for serfs, taught there Foka Demidovich - a serf. Often Tolstoy himself held classes there.
Lev Nikolaevich was not spiritually dependent on anyone's approval. He opposed church abuses, and called rituals witchcraft. As a result, he was excommunicated from the Church, and until now his name is subjected to fierce condemnation as a "sinner", "blasphemer", "possessed" and "spiritual suicide". However, in his actions and statements, the Russian writer was a humanist, and it is not for nothing that he is compared with Mahatma Gandhi. Of course, Tolstoy also had delusions, mainly due to a gap in knowledge of history, but this man was in a sincere search for the right path and was always honest with himself and with others.
There is a version that Tolstoy not only demanded religious reforms: he also threatened to create his own religion. He knew well the essence of Freemasonry and various sects, as well as the Talmud and the Koran. This awareness was also the basis for accusations of blasphemy.
In 1889, Tolstoy wrote in his diary: “A new worldview and movement is maturing in the world, and as if participation is required from me - its proclamation. It’s as if I’m purposely made for this by what I am with my reputation—made by a bell.” “During the night I heard a voice demanding the denunciation of the delusions of the world. This night, a voice told me that the time had come to expose the evil of the world ... We must not delay and postpone. There is nothing to be afraid of, nothing to think about, how and what to say.
Tolstoy wrote a letter of appeal to Tsar Nicholas II, where he called him brother. In a letter, he demanded a change in the existing order and warned that otherwise great misfortunes would follow for the country and society. He pointed out that as a result of religious and political persecution, the prisons were overcrowded, the people were starving, and literally all segments of the population were dissatisfied with the government. Prophetically cited the phrase of King Louis XV "After us, at least the deluge." Yes, in France, as a result of his thoughtless rule, a revolution took place, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette died on the guillotine, rivers of blood were shed.
"Measures of violence can oppress the people, but you cannot control them." The only means ... to give the people the opportunity to express their desires and needs ... to fulfill those of them that will meet the requirements of not one class or estate, but the majority of it.
For all his moral qualities, Nicholas II was too weak-willed and dependent on his environment, and did not follow the advice of the writer, who later turned out to be a visionary.
Grave without a cross
Tolstoy bequeathed to bury him without a funeral service and in a simple grave without a cross: simply "bury the body so that it does not stink." This phrase of the Russian writer echoes a similar statement of the ancient Greek sage Demonakt, who, when asked what orders he would give about his burial, replied: “Do not bother. The scent will take care of my burial."
At the grave of Tolstoy, shortly after his death, an incident occurred that served as an occasion for a new surge of reasoning about his demonic essence. Pupils, followers and admirers of the talent of the great writer constantly came here. To the great annoyance of the orthodox believers, who stated that the grave had acquired all the signs of religious reverence. On August 28, 1911, a group of Tolstoy's students laid flowers on the grave. The ten-year-old son of one of them, Biryukov, bent down to correct them, and suddenly cried out loudly. The father was horrified to see right hand the child is entwined with a large viper that has bitten the boy.
This incident was again regarded as a mystical-evil echo of the writer's soul. However, vipers often settle on graves: they are less touched there, and, naturally, they protect their offspring from possible encroachments.
Descendants of the writer
Several talented and outstanding contemporaries are among the writer's descendants. Lives in Russia
Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy
- Advisor to the President of Russia on cultural issues. It is he who is the organizer of the preservation of the heritage of his ancestor.
Fyokla Tolstaya
is a well-known Russian journalist. Graduated from Moscow State University, speaks five languages.
Pyotr Tolstoy is also a journalist, his father and his family returned to Russia from exile in 1944.
Dmitry Tolstoy lives in Paris and owns a photography studio. He is the author of a series of photographs of the Yasnaya Polyana estate.
In Yasnaya Polyana - the descendants of Tolstoy
The Swedish branch of Tolstoy founded son of Lev Nikolaevich - Lev Lvov h: for health reasons, he was forced to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora and married her.
Their descendants: Andrei Tolstoy, one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. Victoria Tolstoy(exactly so, without inclining) - jazz singer, said: “When I was in Moscow a few years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House Museum. I remember I saw a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family there and was amazed at how similar this young woman from past centuries was to me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!
Ilaria Shtiler-Timon lives in Israel and teaches Italian. She is the great-granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy's eldest daughter, Tatyana Sukhotina-Tolstaya.
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Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy(-), Russian writer, critic, public figure.He later writes in his Confessions:
The dogma that was communicated to me from childhood has disappeared in me just as it has in others, with the only difference being that, since I began to read from the age of 15 philosophical writings, then my renunciation of the dogma very early became conscious. From the age of 16, I stopped standing up for prayer and stopped, on my own impulse, going to church and fasting ... "
During his youth, Tolstoy was fond of Montesquieu and Rousseau. The latter is known for his confession: At the age of 15, I wore a medallion with his portrait around my neck instead of a pectoral cross.". .
"... Acquaintance with Western atheists helped him even more to embark on this terrible path ...", - wrote Father John of Kronstadt
It was these years that were colored by intense introspection and struggle with oneself, which is reflected in the diary that Tolstoy kept throughout his life. At the same time, he had a serious desire to write and the first unfinished artistic sketches appeared.
Military service. The beginning of writing
In the same years, Tolstoy began to think about the "foundation of a new religion." Being a 27-year-old officer, being near Sevastopol, one day after a carbon monoxide revelry and a big loss, in his diary dated March 5, he writes:
“The conversation about deity and faith led me to a great, enormous idea, the implementation of which I feel able to devote my whole life to. This idea is the foundation of a new religion, corresponding to the development of mankind, the religion of Christ, but cleansed of faith and mystery, a practical religion that does not promise future bliss, but giving bliss on earth."
Tolstoy brings down hope for the coming bliss from heaven to earth, and Christ is conceived in this religion only as a man. The seed of this reflection matured for the time being, until it sprouted in the 80s, at the time of the spiritual crisis that overtook Tolstoy.
"War and Peace", "Anna Karenina".
The beginning of Tolstoy's spiritual crisis coincides with the end of the novel. The internal throwing of the hero of the novel Levin is a reflection of what was happening in the soul of the author himself.
spiritual crisis. Creating a Doctrine
In the 80s. Tolstoy noticeably cools off towards artistic work and even condemns his former novels and stories as lordly "fun". He is fond of simple physical labor, plows, sews boots for himself, becomes a vegetarian, gives his family all his large fortune, renounces literary property rights. At the same time, his dissatisfaction with his usual way of life is growing.
Tolstoy connects his new social views with moral and religious philosophy. Tolstoy's new worldview was widely and fully expressed in his works Confession (1879-80, published 1884) and What is my faith? (1882-84). The works "Study of dogmatic theology" (1879-80) and "Combination and translation of the four gospels" (1880-81) lay the foundation for the religious side of Tolstoy's teachings.
"His whole philosophy was now reduced to morality. - writes I.A. Ilyin - And in this morality there were two sources: compassion, which he calls "love", and abstract, resonating reason, which he calls "reason"".
God is defined by Tolstoy primarily through the denial of all those properties that are revealed in the Orthodox dogma. Tolstoy has his own understanding of God.
"This point of view, - notes I.A. Ilyin, - can be called autism (autos in Greek means self), i.e., closure within oneself, judgment about other people and things from the point of view of one’s own understanding, i.e., subjectivist non-objectivity in contemplation and evaluation. Tolstoy is an autist: in worldview, culture, philosophy, contemplation, assessments. This autism is the essence of its doctrine".
Gradually, his worldview degenerates into a kind of religious nihilism. Tolstoy criticized and denied the Creed, the Catechism of St. Philaret, the Epistle of the Eastern Patriarchs, and the Dogmatic Theology of Metropolitan Macarius. And all that is behind these works.
Excommunication
In the last decade of his life, Tolstoy maintains personal relationships with V.G. Korolenko, A.P. Chekhov, M. Gorky. At this time, the following were created: "Hadji Murad", "False coupon", the unfinished story "There are no guilty in the world", "Father Sergius", the drama "The Living Corpse", "After the Ball", "The Posthumous Notes of Elder Fyodor Kuzmich ... ".The last years of his life Tolstoy spends in Yasnaya Polyana in constant mental suffering, in an atmosphere of intrigue and strife between the Tolstoys, on the one hand, and S.A. Tolstoy, on the other. He is often tormented by the thought of leaving home. He explains these torments by "a discrepancy between life and beliefs."
Ilyin I.A. Worldview of Leo Tolstoy. Collected works: In 10 volumes. V.6. Book III, p.462
Ibid., p.463
Andreev I.M. Russian writers of the XIX century, M., 2009, p.369
See the book "Father John of Kronstadt and Count Leo Tolstoy" (Jordanville, 1960)
On July 29, the premiere of Fyokla Tolstoy’s author’s program “The Tolstoys” started on the Rossiya K TV channel.
A few years ago, journalist and TV presenter Fyokla Tolstaya filmed a documentary series called "Great Dynasties" about the descendants of famous noble families. Then the question reasonably arose: why Thekla, the great-great-granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy, did not tell about her illustrious family. And now she nevertheless decided to explore her roots and made an author's program about Tolstoy.
For seven centuries of Russian history, the Tolstoy family included writers and ministers, sailors and artists, academicians and composers, governors and journalists. According to the history of the Tolstoy family, one can trace the entire history of Russia. Today's Tolstoys are one of the most ramified, the most friendly, the happiest families. The premier eight-episode program "Tolstoys" introduces the history of the Tolstoy family, covered with amazing traditions and legends.
Fekla Tolstaya spoke about the painstaking and interesting work on the program.
I filmed this cycle about my family and for me it was more emotional work than any other. I wanted to show not so much the biographies of people as how they reflected the history of the country, how they acted in certain circumstances. It is more interesting to talk not about the history of the masses, classes, estates, but about history using the example of a specific fate. All the Tolstoys were not indifferent to the fate of the Fatherland and, to the best of their ability, tried to contribute to its prosperity. The events that we will talk about can be quite historical: battles, coups d'état, diplomatic negotiations, the construction of famous palaces; and quite private, because sometimes short description family drama can tell us a lot more about ancient times than multi-volume encyclopedias.
Fekla, what are the main Tolstoy family traits?
I had a great desire to find common family traits. I think the Tolstoys are straightforward and quite natural (in the sense that they don't like to pretend). And natural also because they love to live in nature. And as Lev Nikolaevich said about the Tolstoys, that they are a little wild.
And whose fate has personally shocked you more than others?
I will especially note the youngest daughter of Lev Nikolaevich Alexandra, who in last years The life of the writer was the only one on the side of his father. I come from the family of brother Elijah, who was on the other side. But she always seemed to me an unusual figure. She fought in the First world war. She rose to the rank of colonel of the medical service, then managed to sit in the cellars of the Lubyanka, then became the commissioner of Yasnaya Polyana. Later she went abroad, where she saved refugees from death. Amazing personality. I would like to more people they knew about her, such a strong, bright woman.
Where was the filming of the program?
Now the descendants of the writer, his great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren, are about three hundred people. They live in different countries of the world. We were in America, in Europe and traveled around Russia, of course. They visited abandoned estates where even a car could not pass, walked through the fields on foot. For example, there is such an estate Pokrovskoye (it belonged to the sister of Lev Nikolayevich) in the Tula region on the border with the Oryol region.
According to our idea, in each episode, besides me, there will be someone else from the family who will tell about the hero of the film. The audience will also hear comments from historians, and actors Viktor Rakov and Irina Rozanova will read memoirs and letters.
Fekla, are there any family heirlooms of the Tolstoy family?
There are a lot of relics preserved and our family can consider itself very happy in this respect. Much has been preserved due to the fact that Lev Nikolaevich was an outstanding personality and his wife understood during his lifetime that museums should be made of his houses in Yasnaya Polyana and in Moscow. Older things also remained, for example, belonging to the first count Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy, this is a man of Peter's time. And we continue the family tradition of careful attitude to history. We will open an exhibition dedicated to my father, Leo Tolstoy's great-grandson, Nikita Tolstoy. My father was born in exile, and then the family returned to Russia, they became one of the first repatriates. So you can even see the Aeroflot ticket, on which my father first flew to Russia in 1945. The exhibition will take place into the building State Museum Leo Tolstoy on Pyatnitskaya, 12.
I know that every two years the whole large family gathers in Yasnaya Polyana. Are there any other traditions?
Yes, this is the brightest family tradition of recent times. After one of the Tolstoy (my second cousin Vladimir Ilyich) became the director of the museum of the Yasnaya Polyana estate, we got the opportunity to gather in our native nest. Despite the fact that the Tolstoy family is huge, we treat each other as close people, and this “network” is of a kind, because no matter what country in the world you come to, you have relatives everywhere, and even if you just get to know them , you feel the kinship of souls, the closeness of interests, the unity of characters.
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, journalist
Although many modern Tolstoys live abroad (they emigrated after the revolution), they remained at the “block of domestic literature» descendants in our country. For example, Pyotr Tolstoy, whose father returned from exile in 1944 with his brother. Thanks to his family, Peter knew about his great-great-grandfather from childhood: he repeatedly visited Yasnaya Polyana, got to know family heirlooms. This representative of the Tolstoy family is very famous Russian journalist and a TV presenter who has been working on Channel One for many years. Now he hosts the programs "Politics" and "Time will show." About the famous great-great-grandfather in an interview, Peter said this:
Tolstoy remained honest with himself, always remained so, even when he was mistaken
Fekla Tolstaya
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, journalist
Second cousin of Peter Tolstoy and also a very famous Russian journalist. The real name is Anna, but they know her mainly under the name Thekla - a childhood nickname, which later turned into a pseudonym. Tolstaya was born into a family of philologists and followed in the footsteps of her parents: she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, speaks five languages. However, already in childhood, she was drawn to television: as a schoolgirl, Fekla began acting in minor roles in the cinema, and in 1995 she entered GITIS at the directing department. Behind Fekla's back are many projects on radio and television, including author's programs about his own family tree "Tolstoy", as well as "War and Peace": Reading a novel. In a conversation with MK Bulvar, the journalist happily spoke about the advantages of her huge family, whose members are scattered all over the world:
If you have relatives in another country, you understand it completely differently. I can explore, for example, Rome with my beautiful niece, who, like a Roman, shows me places that I have loved since childhood - and this is an incomparable feeling. The same can be said about my relatives in Paris or New York. I get into the family, talk to their friends
Andrey Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, reindeer breeder
Another descendant representing the Swedish branch of the family, Andrey Tolstoy, is a simple farmer who has been breeding deer for many years. He achieved great success: Andrei is one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. He admitted that he could not read "War and Peace" at school. However, then he still mastered the four-volume book. A few years ago, Andrei visited Russia for the first time.
Vladimir Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, adviser to the President of Russia
Vladimir Ilyich is a man without whom there would be no meetings of Tolstoy's descendants (which are held regularly today), and the fate of Leo Tolstoy's estate Yasnaya Polyana would remain in jeopardy. In the early 90s, they wanted to take away the estate's lands for new buildings, cut down the forests ... But in 1992, Vladimir Ilyich published a large amount of material about all the troubles in Komsomolskaya Pravda. Soon he was appointed director of the museum-reserve. Now Tolstoy is an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, and his wife Ekaterina Tolstaya is in charge of the museum. Vladimir confessed to the Tula newspaper Molodoy Kommunar, speaking of his relatives:
Each of us has his own personality, each of us has his own view of the world. And everyone is talented in their own way. Fat people can do everything: they take pictures, draw, write. And at the same time they are embarrassed by their talents: modesty is another family quality ...
Victoria Tolstoy
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, jazz singer
Yes, yes, she is Tolstoy, not Tolstaya: the Swede Victoria decided not to incline her last name, but to make it more “authentic”. How did the Swedish line of the Tolstoy family appear? The son of Lev Nikolaevich - Lev Lvovich, was forced for health reasons to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora ... The modern representative of this family branch, singer Victoria, is better known in her homeland under the pseudonym "Lady Jazz". By her own admission, Victoria does not know the Russian language and has not read the novels of Lev Nikolayevich, however, in her work she often turns to classical Russian composers. At the moment, the blonde has already 8 albums on her account, one of which is called My Russian Soul (“My Russian Soul”). Victoria told JazzQuard:
When I was in Moscow a few years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House Museum. I remember I saw a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family there and was amazed at how similar this young woman from past centuries was to me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!
Ilaria Stieler-Timor
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, teacher of Italian
Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich (1828 - 1910) - Count, a popular writer who achieved incredible popularity in the history of world literature. Belongs to the richest and most famous family, which has occupied a prominent position since the time of Peter the Great. There are a lot of descendants of Leo Tolstoy. To date, there are more than three hundred people.
short biography
This great man was born on September 9, 1828. His parents died early, so his relative T. A. Ergolskaya took care of him. At the age of 16, he was able to enter the university in Kazan. But soon the lectures bored him. In addition, Young Leo Tolstoy did not shine with outstanding learning abilities, as a result of which he failed the exam. He wrote a leave of absence and left the place.
He was greatly influenced by his older brother Nikolai, with whom Leo went to the Caucasus, where he fought with the highlanders of Shamil. He decided to devote himself to a military career. In Tiflis, he passed the exam and became a cadet in the 4th battery, stationed in a Cossack village on the Terek River.
When the Crimean War began, he went to Sevastopol, where he fought gloriously. For this, Lev Nikolaevich received the Order of St. Anna and two medals. At the same time, he wrote stories about Sevastopol. After the end of hostilities, he moved to St. Petersburg. There he immediately attracted attention. famous people and entered their circle. His writing skills were greatly appreciated.
In 1856 Tolstoy finally left military service.
The writer's marriage
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy began to like Sofya Andreevna Bers (1844-1919), who was the daughter of a doctor from Moscow. Sofya Andreevna was then only 17 years old. He married in 1862. Her chosen one was 18 years old. Immediately after his marriage, Lev Nikolaevich moved with his wife to Yasnaya Polyana. The writer gave himself entirely to his family and thought that he had finally given up writing, but in 1863 he had thoughts about a new work. A few years later, he finished work on the novel Anna Karenina. Without waiting much time, Tolstoy wrote several more works.
In 1910, the writer decided to move away from his family, anticipating his imminent death. He died seven days after leaving.
Everyone is familiar with the work of the greatest writer, but not everyone knows about his descendants. Did the children of Leo Tolstoy connect their fate, like their father, with literature? Perhaps they have found another calling for themselves?
If you investigate Tolstoy Leo Nikolaevich, it will turn out to be large and rich in branches.
home style
For almost 50 years of marriage, Lev Nikolayevich and his wife produced 13 children: four daughters and nine sons. Unfortunately, five of the babies died in infancy. The rest of the children of Leo Tolstoy lived long life. Their wonderful father believed that in life every person should have only the most necessary things. Therefore, he gave the poor a lot of household goods, among which were furniture, clothes, even a piano. This, of course, did not like his wife very much, because of which disagreements began in the friendly family. The children of Lev Nikolayevich were brought up in strictness and without any excesses that were due to them, according to a high family. They played with peasant children, ate and dressed without frills. The grown children of Lev Nikolayevich behaved differently. Some took everything they could from life. Others continued to lead an ascetic life, following the rules of their father.
Sons of Leo Tolstoy
As mentioned above, the writer had 9 of them:
- Sergei Lvovich (July 10, 1863 - December 23, 1947). Firstborn. Russian musician and composer. He was smart, dexterous and sensitive to art. But he was also quite distracted. Sergei Lvovich himself wrote several pieces of music. He studied not only Russian folklore, but also the music of India. Initially, he studied at the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University, but music attracted him from an early age. He represented Russia at The Sufi Order in the UK. He also wrote a number of articles about the music that Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy loved during his lifetime, namely “Music in the life of Leo Tolstoy”, “ Musical works loved by Leo Tolstoy”, “Leo Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky”.
- Tolstoy Ilya Lvovich (05/22/1866 - 12/11/1933), was a writer, memoirist, journalist and teacher. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy considered Ilya the most gifted in literature of all his children. Despite this, Ilya Tolstoy did not graduate from high school, but went to serve in the army. Studying was not as easy for him as for other children. He emigrated in 1016 to America, where he earned his living by lecturing. In this distant country he died.
- Lev Lvovich (1869-1945). Author, writer, playwright, sculptor. His first published work children's story"Monte Cristo" in 1891 in the magazine "Rodnik". After that, he began to publish in Severny Vestnik, Vestnik Evropy, Novoye Vremya and in other publications. A little later, the process of publishing books began. He lived in France, then moved to his wife's homeland in Switzerland. Contemporaries believed that a bad writer, painter and sculptor came out of him. Lev Lvovich was very jealous of the glory of his father, for which he often spoke of his hatred for his parent.
- Pyotr Lvovich (1872-1873).
- Nikolay Lvovich (1874-1875).
- Tolstoy Andrei Lvovich (1877-1916) Andrei Lvovich took part in the war between the Russians and the Japanese, was wounded. After he was awarded the St. George Cross for his courage. In 1907, Andrei Lvovich got a job as a civil servant in the department special assignments. He was very attached to his mother, who adored him. His father directed him on the path of helping the people, but he had other views. Andrei believed that he should fully enjoy the privileges of his ancestry. Most of all in his life he was attracted to women, wine and card games. He was officially married several times.
- Tolstoy Alexey Lvovich (1881-1886).
- Mikhail Lvovich (1879-1944) had talent in the musical field. From a very early age, he really liked music, he could skillfully play the balalaika, harmonica, piano, wrote romances, and learned to play the violin. Despite the fact that he wanted to be a composer, Mikhail Lvovich followed in his parents' footsteps and chose a career as a military man. He also emigrated, lived in France, then in Morocco, where he died.
- Lvovich (1888-1895) the youngest son of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, the thirteenth child in the family. He had a very similar appearance to his father. Tolstoy himself had hopes for this child, he thought that he would continue his work in the future. The boy was incredibly talented, cordial and sensitive to the people around him, he surprised everyone with his seriousness and kindness. But a misfortune happened - Ivan died of scarlet fever. Lev Nikolaevich loved him with all his heart. For him it was a great and heavy loss.
Of the nine sons of the writer, seven lived a long life and left behind a large offspring, which we will discuss below.
Daughters of Lev Nikolaevich
Fate gave the Tolstoy family only four girls. One of them (Varenka) died in infancy. Everyone's favorite Mashenka (Maria Lvovna) also died young and left no children behind. Let's talk about the writer's daughters in more detail:
1. Tatyana Lvovna (Sukhotina) Tolstaya. (10/04/1864 - 09/21/1950).
She was a writer and memoir writer. In 1899 she married Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotinin. From 1917 to 1923 she managed the museum-estate in Yasnaya Polyana. She was capable of many things, but she was the best at writing. She inherited this from her father.
2. Maria Lvovna (1871-1906). From adolescence, she helped her father keep track of correspondence, translated texts, and acted as a secretary. She was a good man. But she could not boast of good health. Maria constantly quarreled with her mother, but she was unusually friendly with her father, fully shared his views, led an ascetic lifestyle. She was smart. Despite very poor health, she traveled unaccompanied even to distant provinces to heal the sick, taught children at the school she opened. Maria married Prince Obolensky, but she could not give birth to children. In 1906, she suddenly fell ill. Despite all the efforts of the doctors, Maria died. Her father and husband were by her side until the last moment of her life.
3. Varvara Lvovna (1875-1875).
4. Tolstaya Alexandra Lvovna (1884-1979). Writer of memoirs about his father. She is well educated at home. Her teachers were educators and adult sisters who taught her more than her mother Sofya Andreevna. Just like a mother, a father in her early childhood paid little attention to her. After Tolstaya Alexandra Lvovna celebrated her 16th birthday, her rapprochement with her father took place. Since that time, she devoted her life to Lev Nikolaevich. She did the work of a secretary, wrote down his diary under the dictation of Lev Nikolayevich, learned shorthand, typewriting. She was talked about as a difficult child. She had to be dealt with longer and harder than with her brothers and sisters. But she grew up smart and dexterous. As a teenager, she began to study the works of her father, he transferred the copyright to her literature to her. She rejected the authorities who imposed their conservatism. As a result, she was sent to prison for 3 years. After 1929, she managed to open an educational institution and a hospital. In 1941, Tolstoy's daughter moved to the United States, where she helped other emigrants settle. She lived for quite a long time - 95 years. She died in 1979.
As we can see, not all children of Leo Tolstoy were able to live long. But it is not uncommon for the time when children could die from the common cold. Many sons and daughters of the writer, who became adults, had their own children - the grandchildren of Leo Tolstoy.
Grandchildren and great-grandchildren
Leo Tolstoy had 31 grandchildren and several dozen great-grandchildren. Below in the article we will talk about them.
1. Sergei Sergeevich Tolstoy (08/24/1897, Great Britain - 09/18/1974, Moscow).
Educator, specialist in English language. Son of Sergei Lvovich Tolstoy. No children, although he was married three times. Known for writing memoirs about his grandfather Lev Nikolaevich, although he was brought up in the family of another grandfather - K.A. Rachinsky.
2. Tatyana Mikhailovna Sukhotina (11/06/1905 - 08/12/1996) Daughter of Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya.
- Albertini Luigi. Born on 09/09/1931 in Rome. Photographer, farmer.
- Albertini Anna. Born 1934, died 1936
- Albertini Marta. She was born on May 11, 1937 in Rome.
- Albertini Christina. She was born on May 11, 1937 in Rome.
3. Tolstaya Anna Ilinichna (12/24/1888 - 04/03/1954). Daughter of Ilya Lvovich.
- Holmberg Sergey Nikolaevich. Born on 11/07/1909 in Kaluga, died on 06/03/1985
- Holmberg Vladimir Nikolaevich Born on April 15, 1915 in Kaluga, died in 1932.
4. Tolstoy Nikolai Ilyich (12/12/1891 - 12/02/1893). Son of Ilya Lvovich. Have no children.
5. Tolstoy Mikhail Ilyich (10/10/1893 - 03/28/1919) Son of Ilya Lvovich. Have no children.
6. Andrey Ilyich Tolstoy (04/01/1895 - 04/03/1920). Son of Ilya Lvovich. Have no children. He was an officer when the imperialist war was going on.
7. Tolstoy Ilya Ilyich (12/16/1897 - 04/07/1970). Son of Ilya Lvovich. He was a candidate of pedagogical sciences, as well as an associate professor at the Moscow Institute. He was an expert in the field of Slavic lexicography. Creator of the Serbian-Croatian-Russian dictionary.
- Tolstoy Nikita Ilyich. Born (04/05/1923 - 06/27/1996).
8. Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy (05/01/1899 - 11/24/1967). Son of Ilya Lvovich. Worked as an agronomist. He gave lectures on the writer Tolstoy, took an active part in the creation of the Leo Tolstoy museums in Moscow and Yasnaya Polyana.
- Tolstoy Oleg Vladimirovich Born on 07/03/1927 in Tetovo, Yugoslavia, died on 09/01/1992 in Moscow.
- Tolstoy Ilya Vladimirovich Born on 06/29/1930 in Novy Bechey, Yugoslavia, died on 05/16/1997 in Moscow.
9. Tolstaya Vera Ilyinichna (06/19/1903 - 04/29/1999). Daughter of Ilya Tolstoy.
- Tolstoy Sergei Vladimirovich Born 10/20/1922
10. Tolstoy Kirill Ilyich (01/18/1907 - 02/01/1915). Son of Ilya Lvovich.
Have no children.
11. Tolstoy Lev Lvovich (06/08/1898 - 12/24/1900). Son of Lev Lvovich.
12. Pavel Lvovich Tolstoy (08/02/1900 - 04/08/1992). Son of Lev Lvovich. An agronomist by profession. Lived in Sweden.
- Tolstaya Anna Pavlovna. She was born on May 5, 1937. She lives in Sweden.
- Tolstaya Ekaterina Pavlovna. She was born on August 3, 1940. She is a teacher by profession.
- Tolstoy Ivan (Yuhan) Pavlovich. Born on January 25, 1945. Tax inspector by profession.
- Eberg Maria (May). She was born on February 15, 1932, an illegitimate daughter.
13. Tolstoy Nikita Lvovich (08/04/1903 - 09/25/1992). Son of Lev Lvovich.
- Fat Maria (Maria). She was born on May 8, 1938. She is a psychiatrist by profession.
- Tolstoy Stefan (Stepan). Born on November 18, 1940. Lawyer by profession.
14. Petr Lvovich. (09/08/1905 - 06/04/1970). Son of Lev Lvovich.
He was engaged in animal husbandry. He lived and died on his estate - Sofialund (Sweden).
- Leo Tolstoy. Born on January 31, 1934. Lawyer by profession.
- Tolstoy Peter. Born on August 10, 1935. Agronomist by profession.
- Tolstoy Andrei. Born on July 28, 1938. Agronomist by profession.
- Fat Elizabeth (Elizabeth). She was born on October 28, 1941. She lives in Germany.
15. Tolstaya Nina Lvovna (06.11.1906 - 09.01.1987). Daughter of Lev Lvovich.
- Lundberg Christian. Born on December 25, 1931. Jeweler by profession.
- Lundberg Wilhelm. Born on August 17, 1933
- Lundberg Staffan. Born on February 19, 1936
- Lundberg Stellan. Born on December 30, 1939
- Lundberg Gerdt. Born on 06/20/1948
16. Tolstaya Sofya Lvovna (09/18/1908 - 11/05/2006). Daughter of Lev Lvovich. Artist. Lived in Sweden.
- Seder Signe.
- Seder Anna Charlotte.
17. Tolstoy Fedor (Theodor) Lvovich (07/02/1912 - 10/25/1956). Son of Lev Lvovich.
- Tolstoy Michael. Born on 06/28/1944
- Tolstoy Nikolay. Born on 01.10.1946
18. Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya (09/20/1914 - 01/29/2007). Daughter of Lev Lvovich. Artist.
- Pause Christopher. Born on 06/02/1941. Agronomist by profession. Lives in Sweden.
- Pause Greger. Born on February 14, 1943. By profession a civil engineer.
- Paus Tatiana. She was born on December 16, 1945.
- Paus Peder. Born on 02/09/1950
19. Tolstaya Darya Lvovna (02.11.1915 - 29.11.1970). Daughter of Lev Lvovich.
- Straiffert Yeran. Born on 12/01/1946
- Straiffert Helena. She was born on January 18, 1948.
- Straiffert Suzanne. She was born on April 15, 1949.
- Straiffert Dorothea. She was born on December 14, 1955.
20. Tolstaya Sofia Andreeva (04/12/1900 - 07/29/1957). Daughter of Andrei Lvovich Tolstoy. Have no children.
21. Tolstoy Ilya Andreevich (02/03/1903 - 10/28/1970). Son of Andrei Lvovich.
A geographer by profession, he created the world's first dolphinarium.
- Tolstoy Alexander Ilyich. (07/19/1921 - 04/12/1997). Geologist by profession.
- Tolstaya Sofia Ilyinichna. (07/29/1922 - 04/18/1990)
22. Tolstaya Maria Andreevna (02/17/1908 - 05/03/1993). Daughter of Andrei Lvovich.
- Vaulina Tatyana Alexandrovna. (09/26/1929 - 02/19/2003)
23. Tolstoy Ivan Mikhailovich (10.12.1901-26.03.1982). Son of Mikhail Lvovich. Church regent.
- Tolstoy Ilya Ivanovich Born on September 20, 1926
24. Tatyana Mikhailovna Tolstaya (02/22/1903 - 12/19/1990). Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.
- Lvov Mikhail Alexandrovich. Born on December 21, 1923 in Paris.
25. Tolstaya Lyubov Mikhailovna. Born and died in September 1904. Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.
26. Tolstoy Vladimir Mikhailovich (12/11/1905 - 02/06/1988). Son of Mikhail Lvovich. By profession an architect.
- Penkrat Tatyana Vladimirovna She was born on 10/14/1942 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
- Tolstaya-Sarandinaki Maria Vladimirovna. She was born on August 22, 1951 in the USA.
27. Tolstaya Alexandra Mikhailovna (12/11/1905 - 01/11/1986). Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.
- Alekseeva-Stanislavskaya Olga Igorevna. She was born on 03/04/1933 in Paris.
28. Tolstoy Petr Mikhailovich (10/15/1907 - 02/03/1994). Son of Mikhail Lvovich.
- Tolstoy Sergei Petrovich. Born 11/30/1956 in Nyack, New York, USA.
29. Tolstoy Mikhail Mikhailovich (09/02/1910 - 1915). Son of Mikhail Lvovich.
30. Tolstoy Sergei Mikhailovich (09/14/1911 - 01/12/1996). Son of Mikhail Lvovich. Doctor by profession. He was president of the Society of Friends of Leo Tolstoy in France.
- Tolstoy Alexander Sergeevich. Born on May 19, 1938 in Paris
- Tolstoy Mikhail Sergeevich. (05/19/1938 - 01/01/2007)
- Tolstaya Maria Sergeevna. Born on 08/08/1939
- Tolstoy Sergey Sergeevich. (01/29/1958 - 07/03/1979)
- Sergeevich. Born on January 29, 1959 in Paris. Photographer by profession.
31. Tolstaya Sofia Mikhailovna (01/26/1915 - 10/15/1975). Daughter of Mikhail Lvovich.
- Lopukhin Sergey Rafailovich. Born on 01/03/1942 in Paris.
- Lopukhin Nikita Rafailovich Born on May 13, 1944 in Paris.
- Lopukhin Andrey Rafailovich. Born on 06/03/1947 in Lecunbury (France).
There is practically no information about many of the writer's grandchildren and great-grandchildren. This is understandable, because they live on different continents, do not do any great deeds that could glorify them.
Sofia Andreevna
Let us say separately a few words about Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter Sonyushka (as she was affectionately called). She was the full namesake of the writer's wife and her grandmother, who did not cherish the soul in the girl, even became her godmother. When the girl was 4 years old, she and her mother moved to England. Since that time, she no longer met her grandparents, but often wrote letters to them, sent cute postcards. Her mother was involved in her upbringing, since her father (Andrei Tolstoy) left the family. In 1908 the Family returned to Russia. Sonya's mother bought an apartment in Moscow, where the descendants of Leo Tolstoy still live.
Sophia grew up smart, received a good education, knew several languages. She left her mark on history by becoming the wife and greatest love of Sergei Yesenin. He dedicated his immortal works to her. Sofya Andreevna wore a copper ring on her finger all her life, given to her by Yesenin. Now it is an exhibit in Yasnaya Polyana.
S. A. Tolstaya-Yesenina since 1928. She worked a lot in the museum of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy. In 1941-1957. was the director of the museum. She did a great job of restoring Yasnaya Polyana after the Nazi occupation.
Young descendants of the 2000s
Also in the family tree of Leo Tolstoy, young descendants were born in the early 2000s and are his great-great-great-great-grandchildren:
1. On the line of Ilya Lvovich Tolstoy.
Karkishko Nikolai Grigorievich 06/10/2004 of birth.
Lysyakov Oleg Ivanovich 01/25/2010 year of birth.
2. On the line of Leo Lvovich Tolstoy.
Leo Lundberg. Born on December 31, 2010
3. Through Mikhail Lvovich Tolstoy.
Mazhaev Dmitry Alekseevich. November 28, 2001, born.
Mazhaev Sergey Alekseevich. 05/21/2007 of birth.
Diara Aminata. Born July 17, 2003, lives in France.
Leo Christopher Lvov. 09/28/2010 of birth.
The fate of the descendants of Tolstoy
As we can see, most of the descendants of Leo Tolstoy inherited his longevity, but only a few followed him. creative way. The fate of all of them scattered in different parts of our Earth.
The total number of descendants of the writer
Currently, there are more than 350 descendants of Leo Tolstoy. Once every two years they meet on the land of their glorious ancestor in Yasnaya Polyana. One cannot but rejoice that more than 100 years after the death of the writer, his descendants have a connection with each other. It is safe to say that the name of Leo Tolstoy and his work does not leave his descendants indifferent. Who knows, perhaps one of them will still surprise the world with their writing talent.
