Rodion Raskolnikov is one of the central characters in Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Raskolnikov's character is taken from life. In the second half of the nineteenth century there was a robbery of a rich house. In the process of this robbery, the criminal killed two maids with an ax. It was this robber who became the prototype of Rodion Raskolnikov.
Raskolnikov in the work "Crime and Punishment" is a controversial character. Reading the book, the reader will ask an important question: How could a person from a decent family commit a crime?
The answer is not as simple as it seems. Rodion was an adherent of the theory of Napoleon III. The theory was that there are ordinary people and those who make history. No laws are written for those who make history. They solemnly go to their goal.
Rodion wanted to check what kind of person he is. "An ordinary trembling creature" or a person with a right. Rodion thought that he was a person who makes history.
By killing the old woman, Rodion is trying to prove to himself not only that he is an unusual person, but also that, having committed a murder, he saves the world from a tyrant who profits from someone else's grief.
After the murder, Rodion feels remorse. Rodion thinks about whether he can continue to live with the stigma of the killer. He understands that he is not like his heroes, who sleep peacefully, sending thousands of innocent people to their deaths. He only killed two women, but is already looking for redemption.
Plunging into his thoughts, Rodion begins to move away from people. He needs to find someone who can understand him. This person is Sonya Marmeladova.
Rodion's delusions are well revealed when the reader sees another character in front of him - Svidrigailov. His ideas are very similar to those of Rodion. Svidrigailov believes that evil can be done if the goal is good. What distinguishes him from Rodion is that Svidrigailov committed crimes more than once. He was a murderer and a swindler.
Unlike Svidrigailov, Rodion understands that all his theories and truths are lies. Sonechka Marmeladova helps him in repentance. Rodion understands that there is no greater truth than faith in God. He goes to execution, falling in love with Sonya.
Thus, Raskolnikov is a person who stupidly believed in the theory of the separation of people. This is a man who has a conscience, who questions his dogmas when true love appears in his life.
Option 2
In the novel "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, the central character is Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov.
Rodion grew up in a loving but poor family. He is 23 years old, he is a law student, but he had to abandon his studies, as the young man lives on the verge of poverty.
The young man is scantily dressed, but handsome: he has a slender figure, tall stature, dark eyes and blond hair.
At the beginning of the novel, the author describes Raskolnikov as a kind, sympathetic, intelligent, but proud person. He has no compassion for others. Due to the difficult financial situation, which left much to be desired, Rodion is withdrawn and gloomy. He finds it humiliating to accept help from a friend or an elderly mother.
Despair and helplessness lead to the destruction of Raskolnikov's moral principles. He develops his own theory about modern society: divides people into "trembling creatures" and "having the right." The first, in his opinion, are useless and "secondary", and the second is allowed everything, even ignoring moral principles to achieve the "highest goal". Of course, Rodion refers himself to the second category.
Raskolnikov comes up with a way to test the boundaries of what is permitted and makes a deal with his conscience - he decides to kill. For a long time, the young man is tormented by doubts, he experiences a strong internal struggle and even thinks of giving up a terrible idea, but poverty, which entails oppressive despair, drives him to madness from hopelessness. He crosses the line of morality and humanity, killing the old pawnbroker and stealing her money. Rodion takes the life of not only the elderly Alena Ivanovna, but also her pregnant sister Lizaveta.
Raskolnikov was never able to use the stolen money, although he really needed it. After committing a crime, he experiences a breakdown in his personality: he is tormented by painful remorse, and incessant nightmares make him relive what happened again and again.
After the murder, Rodion becomes even more unsociable, he is sick of himself. Loneliness brings him to the brink of insanity. He is afraid of exposure, trying to find out if he is suspected of committing a crime. A young man trusts his secret to Sonya Marmeladova, a girl living on a "yellow ticket". She convinces Raskolnikov to confess everything, because, in her opinion, only in this way can one begin the path to correcting and healing the soul.
Rodion surrenders to the police. He repents of his deeds. Now his theory seems to the young man senseless, cruel and immoral, and Raskolnikov renounces it. He is sent to hard labor, where Rodion embarks on the path of spiritual rebirth and redemption.
Composition The image and characteristics of Rodion Raskolnikov
Raskolnikov is a handsome young man with aristocratic features. He rented a tiny closet in the attic of a five-story building.
Raskolnikov was mired in poverty, the poverty of his position, eternal debts, led the young man to the thought of a crime. He wants to help his family financially, but does not find a way. In Raskolnikov, the idea of instant enrichment is born and grows stronger, he creates a theory in which murder will be justified. The student thinks that if he kills the old pawnbroker, he will benefit society. Possessing a prudent, inquisitive mind and a cold heart, Raskolnikov is trying to prove to himself that he is a brave and determined person, and not a "trembling creature."
Rodion has been hatching the idea of a murder for a whole month, thinking through every step, paying attention to the smallest details of the crime. Sometimes the true mind wakes up in him, and he renounces his theory, realizing the illegality of his actions. And yet, the desire to feel like the arbiter of fate prevails over reason, and Raskolnikov commits a crime.
There is also a cowardly beginning in him, having created his theory, he goes to kill not some strong and rich person, but a helpless old woman, whom, perhaps, no one will remember. Still, he is gnawed by the thought that he must be held accountable for what he has done. Putting doubts aside, thinking only about easy and quick money, the young man goes to the old woman.
When committing a murder, fear and panic attacks him, Raskolnikov acts, forgetting about the precautions, which leads to the second murder.
Raskolnikov did not repent of the murder, he admitted his crime only that he could not stand it, and turned himself in. Only feelings for Sonya began to break his soul, which means that Rodion is not yet a completely finished person, and has the right to spiritual and moral resurrection. Raskolnikov's love for Sonya touched some new strings in the young man's soul. He felt Sonya as a single whole with himself, and from that moment the rebirth of man began, Raskolnikov realized all the cruelty and senselessness of his crazy theory.
Option 4
In the 60s of the 19th century, reforms made huge changes in the country. A sharp social stratification began. This was especially noticeable in large cities. Some became wealthy, rapidly rising up, while others found themselves in distress. The time of permissiveness, monetary relations began. For Dostoevsky, it was necessary to understand to what result moral nihilism can lead a person. It was to this topic that the writer devoted his work “Crime and Punishment”.
The protagonist's theory had personal and social motives for committing the murder. Raskolnikov was a proud, ambitious person, and at the same time he was painfully concerned with other people's suffering. The poor student began to look for a way that would help him get rid of this poverty. However, he wants to find a way out of this situation not only in his own favor, but also to help other people. Why did such a wild theory suddenly appear in the thoughts of a well-mannered and intelligent student? Is it because of the poverty in which he can no longer live? No. Raskolnikov, committing a criminal act, goes against the law, gaining freedom for himself. It is not for nothing that the image of Napoleon appears in the novel. After all, he was indifferent to the fate of individuals, but his path helped an educated person find a way out of this situation. Raskolnikov, unlike the emperor, wants to make happy not only himself, but also other people. He thinks that having committed a crime, he will atone for this sin with many good deeds, because the life of a simple pawnbroker is not worth a penny compared to many happy lives.
However, cold calculation and a noble soul cannot be combined at once in Rodion. His kindness, compassion for other people's grief conflict with pride and vanity, which leads our hero to such moral experiences that they do not allow him to turn into Napoleon. After Raskolnikov killed the old woman, he is gnawed by the feeling that he has moved away from his native people. For their sake, the young man committed this crime and now they have become strangers. And the young man, instead of being proud of his deed, finds himself all alone. He seems to be full of dreams, to repeat the fate of Napoleon, and at the same time doubts his choice. He cannot make a definite choice.
It was this doubtfulness and indecision that led him to the police station. Dostoevsky here clearly showed that the character's punishment consists in his moral suffering and being alone. Only the attention and care of Sonechka Marmeladova helped bring him back to life. Suffering himself, he torments the girl. However, after a while, Raskolnikov will understand that only love will help to atone for all his mental anguish. In the end, the young man is drawn to the eternal power of good through biblical teachings.
Sample 5
Roman F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" caused a lot of conflicting opinions in society because of the main character.
Rodion Raskolnikov is the central character of the novel. He is very handsome, dark brown hair, deep dark eyes, tall and slender. At the same time, he is smart, educated, proud. Likes independence. But his environment made him very withdrawn and irritable.
A young student who dreams of becoming a great lawyer was a beggar. Due to lack of money, he is forced to give up his studies and live in a small room with minimal furnishings. His clothes are pretty worn, but he can't afford new ones. At first glance, it is noticeable that he is constantly thoughtful and withdrawn. His mood is always bad. Raskolnikov stopped communicating with people. He was humiliated by help from outsiders.
The protagonist divides all people into two groups and cannot understand which one he himself belongs to: “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?”. These thoughts haunt him. To test his concept, Raskolnikov decides to kill the grandmother - the pawnbroker. Rodion thinks that by taking valuables, he will make happy not only himself, but all of humanity.
The reality turned out to be quite different. Together with his grandmother, Raskolnikov had to kill her sister Lizovet, who had never offended anyone in her life. He could not use the loot, hiding it. He is scared and sick. The conscience of the protagonist does not give him rest and leads to insanity. His friends try to help him, but it turns out to be unsuccessful.
By the end of the novel, Raskolnikov has no strength left at all. He understands that he can no longer fix anything and he will not be able to live with such a burden. Rodion confesses and is sentenced to 8 years in hard labor. But he accepts the sentence with enthusiasm and proudly serves his term. Indeed, a completely different life awaits him in the wild, with new and pure thoughts, as well as with Sonya Marmeladova, who was able to believe that human qualities remained in Raskolnikov.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, in the image of Rodion Raskolnikov, wanted to show that every person is able to repent of his deeds and become a full-fledged member of society.
Essay 6
In the form of this hero psychological novel the author raised the problems of morality and gave his analysis of the idea of the superman, popular in his time, from a Christian point of view.
Rodion Raskolnikov is a typical poor student, immersed in the then fashionable philosophical and political ideas of a radical nature. He only takes care of food and necessities for life only out of necessity. In his person, the writer, who himself was once sentenced to death, replaced by hard labor and surrender to the soldiers, for participating in the activities of a secret society, showed a reliable image of a fighter for the reorganization of the world.
Like many Narodnaya Volya and other political radicals, Raskolnikov is to some extent a pure and ideological person. He kills an old money-lender to check whether he can change the world, whether he belongs to those who are able to rule and transform, or just a representative of the controlled mass. It is significant that, despite his extreme poverty, Raskolnikov, having appropriated a large sum money after the murder, not only does not spend it, but, in general, as if forgets about their existence. He remains immersed in his ideas and reflections. For him, as well as for representatives of the radical youth of that time, only this is of value.
However, unlike another novel "Demons", in this work the author set as his main goal not to show the terrible face of a populist, ready to step over blood and morality, such as Nechaev. In the image of Raskolnikov, the writer, who himself went through a passion for radical ideas, sought to show a way out for many young people. To do this, Dostoevsky describes in detail the collapse of the views of Raskolnikov, who failed to become a superman.
It is not known for certain whether the writer himself killed anyone, but, in any case, in the image of Raskolnikov, a lot is invested in the novel experienced by the author himself.
Dostoevsky faithfully portrayed the moment of repentance, to which his hero then comes, urging readers to feel what Raskolnikov experienced and, rejecting the fashionable ideas of reorganizing society, follow Christ.
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A multifaceted romance
Leafing through the first pages of the book, we begin to get acquainted with the image of Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Telling the story of his life, the writer makes us reflect on a number of important questions. It is difficult to determine what type of novel the work of F. M. Dostoevsky belongs to. It raises problems affecting various spheres of human life: social, moral, psychological, family, moral. Rodion Raskolnikov is the center of the novel. It is with him that all the others are connected. storylines great classic work.
The protagonist of the novel
Appearance
The description of Raskolnikov in the novel begins with the first chapter. We meet a young man who is in a painful condition. He is gloomy, thoughtful and withdrawn. Rodion Raskolnikov is a former university student who abandoned his studies at the Faculty of Law. Together with the author, we see the meager furnishings of the room where the young man lives: “It was a tiny cell, six paces long, which had the most miserable appearance.”
We carefully examine the details of worn clothes. Rodion Raskolnikov is in an extremely distressed situation. He does not have money to pay off debts for an apartment, to pay for his studies.
Character traits
The characterization of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is given by the author gradually. First, we get acquainted with the portrait of Raskolnikov. “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark-haired, taller than average, thin and slender.” Then we begin to understand his character. The young man is smart and educated, proud and independent. The humiliating financial situation in which he found himself makes him gloomy and withdrawn. He hates interacting with people. Any help from a close friend of Dmitry Razumikhin or an elderly mother seems humiliating to him.
Raskolnikov's idea
Exorbitant pride, sick pride and a beggarly state give rise to a certain idea in Raskolnikov's head. The essence of which is to divide people into two categories: ordinary and those with the right. Thinking about his great destiny, “Am I a trembling creature or do I have a right?” The hero prepares for a crime. He believes that by killing the old woman, he will test his ideas, be able to start a new life and make humanity happy.
Crime and Punishment of the Hero
IN real life everything turns out differently. Together with the greedy pawnbroker, the wretched Lizoveta perishes, having harmed no one. The robbery failed. Raskolnikov could not bring himself to use the stolen goods. He's disgusted, sick and scared. He understands that in vain he counted on the role of Napoleon. Having crossed the moral line, depriving a person of life, the hero avoids communication with people in every possible way. Rejected and sick, he is on the verge of insanity. Raskolnikov's family, his friend Dmitry Razumikhin, are unsuccessfully trying to understand the state of the young man, to support the unfortunate. A proud young man rejects the care of loved ones and is left alone with his problem. “But why do they love me so if I'm not worth it!
Oh, if I were alone and no one loved me, and I myself would not love anyone! he exclaims.
After a fatal event, the hero forces himself to communicate with strangers. He takes part in the fate of Marmeladov and his family, giving money sent by his mother for the funeral of an official. Saves a young girl from corruption. Noble impulses of the soul are quickly replaced by irritation, annoyance and loneliness. The life of the hero seemed to be divided into two parts: before the murder and after it. He does not feel like a criminal, does not realize his guilt. Most of all, he worries about the fact that he did not pass the test. Rodion is trying to confuse the investigation, to understand whether the smart and cunning investigator Porfiry Petrovich suspects him. Constant pretense, tension and lies deprive him of his strength, devastate his soul. The hero feels that he is doing wrong, but does not want to admit his mistakes and delusions.
Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova
The rebirth to a new life began after Rodion Raskolnikov met Sonya Marmeladova. The eighteen-year-old girl herself was in extremely distressed condition. Shy, modest by nature, the heroine is forced to live on a yellow ticket in order to give money to her starving family. She constantly suffers insults, humiliation and fear. “She is unrequited,” the author says of her. But this weak creature has good heart and a deep faith in God, which helps not only to endure oneself, but also to support others. Sonya's love saved Rodion from death. Her pity at first arouses protest and indignation in the proud young man. But it is Sonya who confides his secret and it is from her that he seeks sympathy and support. Exhausted by the struggle with himself, Raskolnikov, on the advice of his girlfriend, admits his guilt and goes to hard labor. He does not believe in God, does not share her beliefs. The idea that happiness and forgiveness must be suffered is incomprehensible to the hero. The patience, care and deep feeling of the girl helped Rodion Raskolnikov turn to God, repent and start living anew.
The main idea of the work of F. M. Dostoevsky
A detailed description of the crime and punishment of Raskolnikov form the basis of the plot of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky. Punishment begins immediately after the murder is committed. Painful doubts, remorse, a break with loved ones turned out to be much worse for long years hard labor. The writer, subjecting Raskolnikov to a deep analysis, tries to warn the reader against misconceptions and mistakes. Deep faith in God, love for one's neighbor, moral principles should become the basic rules in the life of every person.
The analysis of the image of the protagonist of the novel can be used by students of grade 10 in preparation for writing an essay on the topic "The image of Raskolnikov in the novel" Crime and Punishment "".
Artwork test
Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov is a former student whom the reader finds in a position of extreme poverty. The young man is preoccupied with spiritual search, he strives to make the world, the existence of those around him better by any means. This maximalism brings Raskolnikov to an insanely cruel theory about a crime through the lives of individuals for the common good.
Rodion Romanovich is contradictory: on the one hand, he is ready to sacrifice the last to help the needy (the hero gives all the money for Marmeladov's funeral), but, on the other hand, he puts himself above many, as can be seen from the theory.
But, in spite of everything, Raskolnikov is a man with a deep soul, capable of sincere feelings- love for sister, mother and Sonya is proof of this.
Rodion Romanovich is a seeker, a determined person endowed with a great mind. He got into a difficult life situation and made a serious mistake. However, the hero has great fortitude, thanks to which a kind of “rebirth from the ashes” takes place in order to start a new life - and in this Faith and Love become his main assistants.
Updated: 2014-03-21
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The protagonist of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (1866).
Characteristics of Raskolnikov
Rodion Raskolnikov is an erudite young man of 23 years old, whose soul is in constant search. He is not sure exactly who he is in the structure of the theory he invented about the division of the human mass into two main types: "inferior people" And "actual people".
In the first category, Raskolnikov refers to “trembling creatures” or “material” - law-abiding, conservative, ordinary people. In the second - outstanding, worthy people who move the world, who have the right even to violate the laws of ethics and morality.
The hero hopes that he is destined to be among the “chosen ones”. But he is worried about his own indecision in making decisions that violate the norms of morality. In fact, behind the gloomy, arrogant and arrogant melancholic lies the second "I" of Raskolnikov - sensitive, generous, a kind person who loves his family and does not want anyone to suffer. Having committed a bloody crime, Raskolnikov sought to prove to himself that he himself belongs to the second type of people, and special achievements await him ahead. However, the result disappointed the theoretical killer, remorse led him to the conclusion that he was deeply mistaken.
Role in the plot of the novel
Three years ago, Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, born into a poor but proud family, arrived from a deep province in St. Petersburg to study at a law university. A dark-eyed brown-haired man above average height, slender in figure and pleasant in appearance, went out into the streets of Petersburg in terrible tatters and in a hat that was badly worn, with spots and holes. The hero was on the verge of poverty and could no longer pay for his studies and living in a big city.
This unpleasant fact prompted him to commit a monstrous crime. Several times Rodion applied for loans to Alena Ivanovna, a stingy and unpleasant grandmother who profited from hopeless situations of people in serious need. The student killed with an ax an old woman who lends money at interest and bail, and her quiet sister Lisa, who accidentally witnessed the incident. An innocent man was arrested for the crime he committed.
The investigator suspects Raskolnikov's involvement, but there is no evidence - if you do not take into account the "Raskolnikov theory" and his ambiguous, nervous, depressive behavior. Rodion meets the Marmeladov family and unexpectedly finds sympathy in the person of Sonechka, who, sacrificing her honor, makes money on the panel in order to feed her stepbrothers and sisters. He is oppressed by the global difference in the motives of his crime and the crime of the poor girl. The state of spiritual split is growing every day.
Unable to come to terms with himself, Raskolnikov quarrels with his mother and sister, with his only friend, refuses Sonechka's sympathy and, in the end, turns himself in to the police with a confession. After the trial, hard labor and exile await the hero. Together with him, of his own free will, Sonya Marmeladova, who sympathizes with him, is going to serve his sentence. Next to her, Raskolnikov will find happiness and truly repent of his sins.
Quotes by Raskolnikov
“Suffering and pain are always indispensable for a wide consciousness and a deep heart. Truly great people, it seems to me, must feel great sadness in the world.
- He is a smart man, but to act smart - one mind is not enough.
Will I be able to cross or not! Do I dare to bend down and take it or not? Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right!
- A scoundrel-man gets used to everything!
“…I talk too much. That's why I don't do anything, I talk. Perhaps, however, and so: that's why I'm chatting that I'm not doing anything.
“Everything is in the hands of a man, and everything he carries past his nose, solely from cowardice. it's an axiom. I wonder what people are more afraid of? They are most afraid of a new step, a new word of their own.
“Power is given only to those who dare to bend down and take it. There is only one thing, one thing: you just have to dare!
- The more cunning a person is, the less he suspects that he will be knocked down on a simple one. The most cunning person must be brought down on the simplest.
- Little things, little things matter. It's these little things that always ruin everything.
“And now I know, Sonya, that whoever is strong and strong in mind and spirit is the master over them!” Whoever dares a lot is right with them. Whoever can spit on more is the legislator, and whoever can dare more than anyone else is to the right of all! This is how it has always been and always will be!
“I didn’t kill the old woman, I killed myself!”
- When you fail, everything seems stupid!
- The point is clear: for himself, for his own comfort, even to save himself from death, he will not sell himself, but for another he sells! For a sweet, for an adored person, he will sell!
- Bread and salt together, and tobacco apart.
“In a word, I deduce that everyone, not just great, but also a little out of the rut people, that is, even a little bit able to say something new, must, by their nature, be unfailingly criminals,” more or less, of course.
Characteristics of the hero Raskolnikov, Crime and punishment, Dostoevsky. The image of the character Raskolnikov
Characteristics of the hero Raskolnikov
Raskolnikov appears in the novel as a young man who is not satisfied with either his life situation or who he himself is. And he wants, neither more nor less, to become a "superman". In his theory, he divided all people into two classes: reptiles "trembling creatures" and actually people - "having the right." People from the first of these classes serve only as material for self-reproduction and their role in this life is negligible, and world progress is driven by representatives of the class of “right holders”, who, in order to achieve their goals, can break any laws.
Rodion wants to think that he, after all, belongs to the category of "higher people." But this can only be verified empirically - through the commission of a specific act. Just in mind there is such, as it seems to him, a "man-insect" - the old money-lender Alena Ivanovna, who does nothing good, but only robs the poor. There is also a higher goal for which an old woman can be sacrificed - meaning help to the unfortunate family of Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov.
Thinking over the murder of Alena Ivanovna, Raskolnikov constantly reflects on the fidelity of his theory and even almost abandons it. But the whirlwind that he spun inside himself still drags the main character, and he kills the old woman and her innocent sister.
The crime is committed, but Rodion's torment only intensifies. He begins to understand that he is not a “superman” at all, since he is able to worry so much because of just one murder. Communication with such characters as Luzhin and, especially, Svidrigailov, lead him to the conclusion that the path he has chosen leads to nowhere, and the world is ruled by love and humility. For this, he must thank Sonya, who did not leave him and went with him to Siberia.
The image and characteristics of Rodion Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment"
F. M. Dostoevsky lived and worked in an era when dissatisfaction with the existing order was growing in the country, and the writer in his works showed people who are trying to protest against the reigning evil. Such is Rodion Raskolnikov - main character novel Crime and Punishment. Terrible poverty plunges Raskolnikov into despair, he is well aware that the wolf morals of the proprietary system reign around him, he is outraged to the core by the heartlessness and cruelty of the rich.
Embittered by his impotence to help people, Raskolnikov decides to commit a crime - the murder of an old pawnbroker who profits from human suffering. “Raskolnikov sees and feels for himself how people take advantage of the suffering of their neighbors, how skillfully and diligently, how carefully and safely they suck the last juices out of a poor man who is exhausted in an overwhelming struggle for a miserable and stupid existence,” critic D.I. Pisarev emphasized the social meaning of Raskolnikov's behavior, the main protesting, anti-capitalist pathos of the novel.
But a hero does not become a fighter for a better future. Familiar with revolutionary ideas only by hearsay, he does not believe that a just society is possible. “People will not change, and no one can change them, and labor is not worth wasting. This is how it has always been and always will be!” - Raskolnikov declares bitterly. But the strong-willed and proud hero does not want to come to terms with the cruel fate. Imagining himself an extraordinary, outstanding personality, a man who is allowed everything, even crime, Raskolnikov decides to kill and rob a rich old usurer. After long and painful hesitation, he carries out his terrible intention. The hero experiences mental anguish: he is haunted by terrible memories of shed blood, fear of exposure and punishment, and most importantly, a feeling of hopeless loneliness and the senselessness of the crime he committed.
feigning desperation and the mental anguish of his hero, Dostoevsky sought to convince readers that such a struggle against injustice not only does not improve life, but, on the contrary, makes it even darker and more terrible. Punishment begins even before the crime, the thought of which burns and torments Raskolnikov: “No, I can’t stand it, I can’t stand it! Even if there is no doubt in all these calculations. » The punishment is aggravated at the time of the crime. The hero feels that the greedy old pawnbroker is still a person, and to lower an ax on her head is unbearably scary and vile. Lizaveta is a defenseless child frightened to a stupor: “She only slightly raised her free left hand, far from the face, and slowly stretched it forward to him, as if pushing him away.
Punishment is not reduced to a court verdict, it lies in moral torture, which is more painful for the hero of the novel than even prison and hard labor. Pangs of conscience, chilling fear that haunts Raskolnikov at every step, consciousness of the senselessness of the perfect crime, consciousness of one’s insignificance, inability to become a “master”, understanding of the inconsistency of one’s theory - all this weighs heavily on the soul of the criminal. Raskolnikov suffers, feels fear, despair, alienation from all people. The false path chosen by the hero of the novel leads not to the exaltation of his personality, but to moral torture, to spiritual death. Having committed the murder, Raskolnikov put himself in an unnatural relationship with the people around him. He is forced to constantly, at every step, deceive himself and others, and this lie devastates the soul of the hero. By a crime, Raskolnikov cut himself off from people, but the living nature of the hero, contrary to his convictions and arguments of reason, constantly draws him to people, he seeks communication with them, tries to regain his lost spiritual ties.
The desire to fill the spiritual vacuum with something begins to take on Raskolnikov painful, perverted forms, reminiscent of a craving for self-torture. The hero is drawn to the old woman's house, and he goes there, once again listening to how the ringing of the bell, which at the moment of the crime deeply shook him, responds with a painful, but still living feeling in his withered soul.
Feeling of crime gives rise to a catastrophic disproportion in the relationship of the hero with other people, this also applies to inner peace Raskolnikov: he has a painful feeling of suspicion of himself, there is constant reflection, endless doubts, hence the strange craving of the hero for the investigator Porfiry Petrovich. In the "duel" with Raskolnikov, Tsorfiry acts as an imaginary antagonist: the dispute with the investigator is a reflection and sometimes a direct expression of Raskolnikov's dispute with himself. Raskolnikov, with a heart instinct, does not accept the idea that continues to maintain power over his mind. Raskolnikov is lost in himself, Porfiry's troublesome chatter irritates, disturbs, excites the hero, and this is enough for him "not to psychologically run away" from the investigator. Raskolnikov tries in vain to rationally control his behavior, to "calculate" himself.
The hero keeps in itself the secret of crime and cannot be saved from lies. An hour before going to the police, Raskolnikov says to Duna: “A crime? What a crime. I don’t think about it and I don’t think about washing it off. He tries to speak "naturally" with the investigator under conditions that exclude such naturalness, but "nature" is more cunning than calculation and betrays itself. Raskolnikov brings an inner sense of his criminality. He decides to tell Sonechka Marmeladova his terrible, painful secret. In his soul, a desire is growing to confess for not entirely clear, subconscious motives: Raskolnikov can no longer keep the painful feeling of crime in himself.
In the face of Sonya, he meets a man who awakens in himself and whom he still pursues as a weak and helpless “trembling creature”: “He suddenly raised his head and looked intently at her; but he met her restless and painfully solicitous gaze on him; there was love; his hatred vanished like a ghost. "Nature" demanded from the hero that he share with Sonechka the suffering from his crime, and not the manifestation that causes it, Raskolnikov's Christian-compassionate love calls Raskolnikov to this version of recognition.
Dostoevsky wrote that Raskolnikov, contrary to his beliefs, preferred “at least to die in hard labor, but to join people again: a feeling of disconnection and separation from humanity. tortured him." But even in hard labor, Raskolnikov did not consider himself guilty of the murder: “He strictly judged himself, and a hardened conscience did not find any particularly terrible guilt in his past, except perhaps for a mistake that could happen to anyone.” Raskolnikov was spiritually dead: "I didn't kill the old woman, I killed myself." The real meaning of the gospel story of the resurrection of Lazarus is revealed to Raskolnikov only when his own soul is resurrected to a new life, when he repents and understands that his whole life "was some kind of external, strange, as if it had not even happened to him." And it was not his life, because now he is different - renewed, able to love and open his heart to people and God.
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Characteristics of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment"
In this article, we will consider and discuss the characteristics of Raskolnikov, the main character in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. In general, the novel can teach the importance of being reasonable, being open to forgiveness, and true love. It took Dostoevsky about six years to think about the plot and the main ideas of the novel, so the book is certainly deep and worth reading if you haven't already.
We note right away that on our website you can get acquainted not only with the characteristics of Raskolnikov, but also read summary"Crime and Punishment", as well as an analysis of the novel.
So, the events basically revolve around a few characters in total, that is, there are not so many of them for such a serious work. The main character is Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich, who killed the old pawnbroker Alena Ivanovna. In addition, he kills her sister Lizaveta.
Description and appearance of Raskolnikov
Already in the first chapter, the reader gets acquainted with the main character. This is a young man, his general condition can be called painful and mixed. He is gloomy, all the time thinking about something and closed in himself. Rodion Raskolnikov abandoned his studies at the university, where he studied law, and now lives in a meager environment, in a small, miserable-looking room. His clothes are already worn out, and he has no money to buy new things, however, as well as to pay debts for an apartment and study.
We see how Raskolnikov's characterization is more clearly revealed in the novel Crime and Punishment when we study his portrait. The hero has a very good appearance, beautiful dark eyes, dark blond hair, he has a slender physique, and his height is average, or slightly higher.
The character and personality of Raskolnikov are as follows: the young man is quite smart, educated, but at the same time proud and tries to be independent. That he ended up in such a humiliating financial situation, affects his mood, he walks gloomy and looks at everyone frowningly. Raskolnikov does not want to communicate with others, and he considers it a shame and humiliation to accept help even from close people, such as Dmitry Razumikhin (his friend) or an elderly mother.
What is Raskolnikov's idea
Proud of himself, with a sick pride, and at the same time a beggar, the main character Raskolnikov, whose characteristics we are studying, hatches an idea. It lies in the fact that people are all divided into two groups: ordinary and those with the right. Raskolnikov thinks about what his purpose is and prepares a crime. After killing the old woman, the hero will understand whether his idea is correct and whether new life, and in some way he will make society happy.
Life shows that everything is wrong. Raskolnikov failed to rob the apartment - he did not force himself to take the stolen goods for his own needs, but at the same time, Raskolnikov's characterization is overshadowed by two murders - an old money-lender and a wretched Lizaveta. He becomes disgusted with himself, and now he begins to understand that he should not have presented himself as Napoleon and performed a feat. Now the moral line has been crossed, he has become a murderer. Raskolnikov cannot communicate with people, and practically goes crazy.
Punishment and the idea of Dostoevsky
Close people of Raskolnikov are trying to help the young man get rid of the oppressive state and provide support, but the pride of the young man does not allow him to accept help. In the end, he ends up alone.
He begins to take part in the fate of other, unfamiliar people. This can be seen in the example of the Marmeladovs. However, nobility leads to irritation, annoyance and longing.
Although we briefly examined the characterization of Raskolnikov in the novel Crime and Punishment, the question arises, what kind of main idea wanted to convey the author of the novel to readers? The hero receives punishment instantly, immediately after he commits a kill. He is painfully tormented by doubts, conscience and other depressing feelings. After breaking up with family and friends, he is on the verge of insanity, and this is a hundred times worse than the long years spent in hard labor. Fyodor Dostoevsky tries to give a warning to readers so that they do not err and do not act recklessly. The main thing that should be in a person's life is high morality, genuine faith in God and a manifestation of love for others.
This article presented Raskolnikov's characterization in the novel Crime and Punishment. You might be interested in more articles
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
(Novel, 1866)
Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich - main character. We correlate with Pushkin's Hermann (" Queen of Spades”), Balzac| Rastignac ("Father Goriot"), Julien Sorel from Stendhal's novel "Red and Black". Dostoevsky himself, in draft materials for the novel, compares Raskolnikov with Jean Sbaugard, the hero novel of the same name French writer C. Nodier (1818). "... Remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark blond, taller than average, thin and slender." Dreamer, romantic, proud, strong and noble personality, completely absorbed in the idea. He studied at the university at the Faculty of Law, which he left due to lack of funds, and also because of the idea that captured him. However, he still considers himself a student. At the university he had almost no comrades and kept aloof from everyone. He studied hard, not sparing himself, he was respected, but not loved because of his pride and arrogance. He is the author of an article in which he examines the "psychological state of the criminal throughout the entire course of the crime." The thought of killing an old woman evokes not only moral, but also aesthetic disgust in R. (“The main thing: dirty, dirty, disgusting, disgusting! ..”). One of the main internal contradictions tearing the hero apart is the attraction to people and the repulsion from them.
According to Dostoevsky's original idea, the hero succumbs to "some strange 'unfinished' ideas that float in the air." It's about about utilitarian morality, deriving everything from the principle of reasonable utility. Over time, the motivations for R.'s crime are refined and deepened. They are connected with two main ideas: is it allowed to commit a small evil for the sake of a great good, does a noble end justify a criminal means? According to this plan, the hero is portrayed as a generous dreamer, a humanist, eager to make all mankind happy. He has a kind and compassionate heart, wounded by the sight of human suffering. Trying to help the disadvantaged, he comes to the realization of his own impotence in the face of world evil.
In desperation, he decides to "break" the moral law - to kill out of love for humanity, to commit evil for the sake of good.
R. is looking for power not out of vanity, but in order to effectively help people who are dying in poverty and lack of rights. However, next to this idea there is another - "Napoleonic", which gradually comes to the fore, pushing the first one. R. divides her humanity into “...two categories: into the lowest (ordinary), that is, so to speak, into the material that serves only for the birth of their own kind, and actually into people, i.e., those who have a gift or talent say a new word in your midst. The first category, the minority, was born to dominate and command, the second - "to live in obedience and be obedient." The main thing for him is freedom and power, which he can use as he pleases - for good or for evil. He confesses to Sonya that he killed because he wanted to know: “Do I have the right to have power?” He wants to understand: “Am I a louse, like everyone else, or a person? Will I be able to cross or not! Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right. It's a self test strong personality testing its strength. Both ideas own the soul of the hero, tearing his consciousness.
R. is the spiritual and compositional center of the novel. External action only reveals his internal struggle. He must go through a painful bifurcation, "drag on himself all the pros and cons" in order to understand himself and the moral law, inextricably linked with human essence. The hero solves the riddle of his own personality and at the same time the riddle of human nature.
At the beginning of the novel, the hero is surrounded by mystery, constantly mentioning a certain “case” that he wants to encroach on. He lives in a room that looks like a coffin. Separated from everyone and shutting himself in his corner, he hatches the thought of murder. The world and people cease to be a true reality for him. However, the "ugly dream" he's harbored for a month disgusts him. He does not believe that he can commit murder, and despises himself for being abstract and incapable of practical action. He goes to the old pawnbroker for a test - a place to inspect and try on. He thinks about violence, and his soul writhes under the burden of world suffering, protesting against cruelty. In a dream-memory of a horse (one of the most impressive episodes), which is flogged in the eyes, the truth of his personality is revealed, the truth of earthly moral law, which he nevertheless intends to transgress, turning away from this truth.
The hopelessness of the situation pushes him to implement the idea. From his mother's letter, he learns that his beloved sister Dunya, in order to save him and herself from poverty and hunger, is going to sacrifice herself by marrying the businessman Luzhin. Accepting the idea with his mind, but resisting it with his soul, he at first renounces his plan. He prays, as in childhood, and seems to be freed from obsession. However, his triumph is premature: the idea has already penetrated into the subconscious and gradually again takes possession of his entire being. R. no longer manages his life: the idea of rock steadily leads him to crime. By chance on Sennaya Square he hears that tomorrow at seven o'clock the old pawnbroker will be left alone.
After the murder of the old woman and her sister Lizaveta, R. experiences the deepest emotional shock. The crime puts him "beyond good and evil", separates him from humanity, surrounds him with an icy desert. "A gloomy feeling of painful, endless solitude and alienation suddenly consciously affected his soul." He has a fever, he is close to insanity and even wants to commit suicide. He tries to pray and laughs at himself. Laughter turns to desperation. Dostoevsky emphasizes the motive of the hero's alienation from people: they seem to him disgusting and cause "... an endless, almost physical disgust." Even with the closest he cannot speak, feeling an insurmountable boundary between them. Nevertheless, he goes to a former university acquaintance, Razumikhin, helps the family of Marmeladov crushed by horses, giving back the last money received from his mother.
At some point, R. it seems that he is able to live with this black spot on his conscience, that his former life is over, that finally “the kingdom of reason and light now ... and will and strength ...” will triumph. Pride and self-confidence awaken in him again. With the last of his strength, he tries to fight the investigator Porfiry Petrovich, feeling that he seriously suspects him. At the first meeting with Porfiry Petrovich, he, explaining his article, sets out the idea of “extraordinary people” who themselves have the right to “... allow their conscience to step over ... over other obstacles, and only if the execution of the idea ( sometimes saving, perhaps for all mankind) will require it. In a conversation with the investigator, R. firmly answers his question that he believes in God and in the resurrection of Lazarus. However, when meeting with Sonya, he maliciously objected to her: “Yes, maybe there is no God at all?” He, like many heroes-ideologists of Dostoevsky, rather rushes between faith and unbelief, than really believes or does not believe.
Tired of "theory" and "dialectic", R. begins to realize the value ordinary life: “No matter how you live, just live! What a truth! Lord, what a truth! Scoundrel man! And the scoundrel is a Goth, who calls him a scoundrel for this. He, who wanted to be an “extraordinary person”, worthy of a true life, is ready to put up with a simple and primitive existence. His pride is crushed: no, he is not Napoleon, with whom he constantly relates himself, he is just an “aesthetic louse”. Instead of Toulon and Egypt, he has a “skinny ugly registrar”, but even that is enough for him to fall into despair. R. laments that he should have known in advance about himself, about his weakness, before going to "bleed". He is unable to bear the burden of the crime alone and confesses it to Sonechka. On her advice, he wants to repent publicly - he kneels in the middle of Sennaya Square, but he still cannot say "I killed." He goes to the office and confesses. In hard labor, R. is ill for a long time, which is caused by wounded pride, but, not wanting to accept, continues to remain alienated from everyone. He has an apocalyptic dream: some trichinas that inhabit the souls of people make them consider themselves the main bearers of truth, as a result of which general enmity and mutual extermination begin. What resurrects him to a new life is Sonechka's love, which has finally reached his heart, and his own love for her.
In the ongoing controversy around "Crime and Punishment" and, in particular, the image of R., one can single out D. I. Pisarev's article "The Struggle for Life" (1867), where the critic analyzes the socio-psychological reasons that pushed the hero to the crime and explains it inhumanity and unnaturalness of the existing system. In the article of the critic N. N. Strakhov "Our belles-lettres" (1867), the idea is brought to the fore that Dostoevsky brought out in the person of R. new look"nihilist", depicting "... nihilism is not as a miserable and wild phenomenon, but in a tragic form, as a distortion of the soul, accompanied by cruel suffering." Strakhov saw in R. the trait of a "true Russian person" - a kind of religiosity with which he indulges in his idea, the desire to reach "to the end, to the edge of the road on which his misguided mind led him."
