The comedy "Thunderstorm" is one of the most famous works Russian playwright A. N. Ostrovsky. The idea, the characters of the work can be explored forever. The images of the characters in "Thunderstorm" are quite remarkable.

Problems of the play "Thunderstorm"

All characters can be divided into 2 groups: representatives of the older and younger generations. The elder represents the Boar and Wild. They are representatives of the patriarchal world, where selfishness and poverty rule. Other characters suffer from the tyranny of the Boar and the Wild. First of all, these are Varvara, Katerina, Boris and Tikhon. Comparative characteristics characters shows that all the heroes resigned themselves to their fate, and only Katerina is not able to go against her conscience and her desires.

The entire work "Thunderstorm" is dedicated to the history of the main character Katerina. She is one of the participants. Katerina has to choose between two men, and these men are Boris and Tikhon. These characters will help to understand in detail the behavior of the characters in the play.

The fate of Boris

Before analyzing the character of Boris, you need to familiarize yourself with his history.

Boris is not Kalinov. He gets there at the behest of his parents. Boris was supposed to get the inheritance, which for the time being is in charge of Dikoy. For good behavior and obedience, Dikoy is obliged to give the inheritance to Boris, but readers understand that because of the greed of Dikoy, this will never happen. Therefore, Boris has to stay in Kalinovo and live there according to the rules established by Diky and Kabanikha.

The fate of Tikhon

Among all the characters, he singles out two heroes, two men - these are Boris and Tikhon. Comparative characteristics of these heroes can say a lot.

Tikhon depends on Kabanikhi - his mother. He has to obey her in everything. The boar does not hesitate to get into the personal life of his son, dictating how he should treat his wife. His daughter-in-law, Katerina Kabanikha, is literally slaughtered from the world. Katerina Kabanikha constantly finds fault.

Once Tikhon is forced to leave for another city for a few days. The reader clearly sees how glad he is of the opportunity to be alone and show his independence.

Common between Boris and Tikhon

So, we have two characters - this is Boris and Tikhon. A comparative description of these heroes is impossible without an analysis of their lifestyle. So, both characters live with tyrants, both heroes are forced to obey someone else's will. Both characters lack independence. Both heroes love Katerina.

At the end of the play, both suffer greatly after Katerina's death. Tikhon is left alone with his mother, and orders Boris Dika to leave Kalinov. Of course, after the incident with Katerina, he definitely will not see the inheritance.

Boris and Tikhon: differences

There are more differences between Boris and Tikhon than they have in common. So, Boris and Tikhon are a comparative characteristic. The table below will help organize the knowledge about these heroes.

Such are Boris and Tikhon. The comparative characteristics of the characters given in the table above are quite short and capacious. It is worth noting that readers mostly sympathize with Boris than Tikhon.

The main idea of ​​the play "Thunderstorm"

The characterization of Boris and Tikhon suggests that the two men loved Katerina. However, neither one nor the other could save her. Katerina threw herself off a cliff into the river, no one stopped her. It was Boris and Tikhon, whose comparative characteristics were given above, who were supposed to save her, who were supposed to rebel against the power of Kalinov's petty tyrants. However, they did not succeed, and the lifeless body of Katerina was carried out of the river.

Kalinov is a town that lives by its own rules. Dobrolyubov called Katerina "a ray of light in dark kingdom", and this is true. Katerina could not change her fate, but perhaps she is the whole city. Her death is the first catastrophe that violated the patriarchal way of the family. changes are coming.

Thus, A. Ostrovsky was able to show not just a family tragedy. Before us is the tragedy of an entire city perishing in the despotism of the Wild and Boar. Kalinov is not a fictional city, but there are a lot of such "Kalinovs" throughout Russia.

Two male images help us understand Katerina's character. The meek, unrequited Tikhon, Katerina's husband, who loves her, but is unable to protect her, and Boris, Diky's nephew, who came to Moscow from Moscow.

Boris involuntarily came to Kalinov: “My parents raised us well in Moscow, they spared nothing for us. I was sent to the Commercial Academy, and my sister was sent to a boarding school, but both suddenly died of cholera; my sister and I were left orphans. Then we hear that my grandmother also died here and left a will so that my uncle would pay us the part that should be when we come of age, only with a condition. Boris is uncomfortable in the city, he cannot get used to the local order: “Oh, Kuligin, it hurts me here without a habit! Everyone looks at me somehow wildly, as if I were superfluous here, as if I were disturbing them. I don't know the customs. I understand that all this is our Russian, native, but still I can’t get used to it.

Both heroes are united by bondage, dependence: Tikhon - from his own mother, Boris - from Wild. Tikhon from childhood is in the power of a despotic mother, agrees with her in everything, does not dare to contradict. She suppressed his will so much that, even after marrying Katerina, Tikhon continues to live according to his mother's orders:

Kabanova: If you want to listen to your mother, then when you get there, do as I ordered you.

Kabanov: Yes, how can I, mother, disobey you!

N. A., considering the image of Tikhon, notices that he "in himself loved his wife and would be ready to do everything for her; but the oppression under which he grew up so disfigured him that he does not have a strong feeling ....

Tikhon doesn’t know how to please his mother (“... only I don’t know what kind of unfortunate person I was born into the world that I can’t please you with anything”), and even breaks down on the innocent Katerina (“You see, here I always get it for you from my mother! Such is my life!). And Kuligin was right when he spoke about the fact that behind the locked gates in families "debauchery of the dark and drunkenness! Tikhon drinks from hopelessness, trying to brighten up his life with this. He is waiting for a trip in order to escape from maternal tyranny at least for a while. Varvara understands well the true desires of her brother:

Varvara: They are sitting with their mother, shutting themselves up. She sharpens it now, like rusting iron.

Katerina: For what?

Barbara: No way, so, he teaches the mind. It will be two weeks on the road, a secret matter! Judge for yourself! Her heart is aching that he walks of his own free will. Now she is giving him orders, one more menacing than the other, and then she will lead him to the image, make him swear that he will do everything exactly as ordered.

Katerina: And in the wild, he seems to be bound.

Barbara: Yes, of course, connected! As soon as he leaves, he will drink. He is now listening, and he himself is thinking how to break out as soon as possible.

Tikhon cannot, and it simply does not occur to him, to contradict his mother, cannot protect Katerina from attacks, although he pities her. In the parting scene, we see how Tikhon is tormented, realizing that he offends his wife, giving orders under pressure from his mother:

Kabanova: Why are you standing there, don't you know the order? Tell your wife how to live without you.

Kabanov: Yes, tea, she knows herself.

Kabanova: Talk more! Well, well, order! I want to hear what you order her! And then you come and ask if everything is done right.

Kabanov: Listen to your mother, Katya!

Kabanova: Tell her not to be rude to her mother-in-law.

Kabanov: Don't be rude!

Kabanova: To honor the mother-in-law as her own mother!

Kabanov: Honor, Katya, mother, as your own mother!

Kabanova: So that she doesn’t sit idly by like a lady!

Kabanov: Do something without me! Etc.

Tikhon prefers non-resistance, adapting in his own way to domestic tyranny. He comforts Katerina, trying to make amends: “Take everything to heart, so you will soon fall into consumption. Why listen to her! She needs to say something! Well, let her say, and you pass by your ears ...

Boris is also in a dependent position, because the main condition for receiving an inheritance is to show respect for his uncle, Diky. He confesses that he would have abandoned everything and left. And I'm sorry sister.

Boris is a new face in the city, but also succumbs to Kalinov's cruel morals. How did he deserve Katerina's love? Perhaps Katerina pays attention to Boris because he is a visitor, not from the locals; or, as N. Dobrolyubov wrote, “she is attracted to Boris not only by the fact that she likes him, that he does not look like the others in appearance and speech ...; she is attracted to him by the need for love, which has not found a response in her husband, and the offended feeling of a wife and woman, and the mortal anguish of her monotonous life, and the desire for freedom, space, hot, unrestricted freedom.

Katerina claims that she loves her husband, replacing the concept of “love” with pity. According to Varvara, “if it’s a pity, you don’t love it. And no, you have to tell the truth!

I think that there is nothing to love Boris either. He knew that this forbidden, sinful relationship could have very serious consequences for him, and especially for Katerina. And Curly warns: “Just look, don’t make trouble for yourself, and don’t get her into trouble either! Suppose, even though her husband is a fool, but her mother-in-law is painfully fierce. But Boris does not even try to resist his feelings or reason with Katerina. But this is not the worst. Boris's behavior is striking after Katerina confessed to cheating on her mother-in-law and husband. Boris is also unable to protect Katerina. But she offers a way out of this situation - she asks to take her to Siberia, she is ready to go with her beloved even to the ends of the world. But Boris cowardly replies: “I can’t, Katya. I’m not going of my own free will: my uncle is sending, the horses are already ready .... Boris is not ready for an open rebellion, and this is exactly how the Kalinovites would regard an act that the hero did not dare to do. It turns out that the inheritance is still more precious to him. He is only ready to cry with Katerina over his and her unfortunate shares. And after all, he understands that he is leaving his beloved woman to die (“Only one thing you need to ask God for her to die as soon as possible, so that she does not suffer for a long time!”). One cannot but agree with the point of view of N. A. Dobrolyubov that "Boris is not a hero, he is far from being worth Katerina, she fell in love with him more in the absence of people ... He represents one of the circumstances that make the fatal end ... of the play necessary.

But Tikhon, on the contrary, turned out to be more humane, higher and stronger than Boris! Despite the fact that Katerina betrayed and disgraced him, he was capable of sympathy for her and for his rival: “He also rushes about; cries. Just now we pounced on him with his uncle, they already scolded him, scolded him - he was silent. Just what a wild one has become. With me, she says whatever you want to do, just don’t torture her! And he has pity for her too.

Tikhon's love for Katerina is fully manifested after her death:

“Mother, let me go, my death! I'll pull it out, otherwise I'll do it myself ... What can I do without it! And at that moment, Tikhon was able to tell his mother the truth, blaming her for the death of his wife: “Mama, you ruined her! You, you, you...

These words speak of the fact that new times have come, where there is no place for despotism, tyranny, and oppression.

Ostrovsky, Composition

The Thunderstorm premiered on December 2, 1859 in Alexandrinsky theater In Petersburg. A.A. Grigoriev, who was present at the performance, recalled: “That's what the people will say! .. I thought, leaving the box into the corridor after the third act of “Thunderstorm”, which ended in an explosion ...

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Boris Dikoy and Tikhon Kabanov are two completely different characters. They are both very closely related to main character- Katerina, and make up a love triangle with her. Tikhon is her husband, and Boris is a fleeting interest, an affair, a man with whom she cheated on Tikhon. Of course, this immediately puts them in completely different positions. You should talk about each character separately in order to identify their differences and a few similarities.

Tikhon Kabanov is Katerina's legal husband and Kabanikh's son. He was brought up in strictness and used to obey his mother in everything; is, so to speak, under her heel. He does not know how to make any decisions on his own, he does not know how to live away from his mother, and therefore, having temporarily flown away from under his mother’s wing, he immediately goes into revelry:

“I was very glad that I got out into the wild. And drank all the way."

Tikhon seems to me like a rag, not like a real man, because it lacks the most important thing - masculinity. Of course, Tikhon also has positive traits- He knows how to forgive, and it's worth a lot. He forgave Katerina when she cheated on him, although, in my opinion, this is not an act that needs to be forgiven. In any case, this speaks only of Tikhon's spirituality and soulfulness. Tikhon is loyal, kind, but, unfortunately, I cannot call him a real man.

As for Boris, he is an even more ambiguous figure for me than Tikhon. He is the nephew of a wealthy merchant, spent his entire youth in Moscow and received a proper education, which at that time was a huge rarity. In the small town of Kalinov, in which the play takes place, he had to move. I think if it were not for the complicity of Varvara and Kudryash, Boris would not have run after Katerina, because she, married woman, and Boris is a well-mannered person, and he would hardly go on a date with a busy lady. His feelings for Katerina, the tender words that he says to her - all this makes the image of Boris more lively and romantic, especially compared to the same Tikhon. Boris is a self-confident person - this makes him closer to the concept of a "real man". There is one "but" - by the end of the play, Boris manifests himself as a real scoundrel. His words to Katerina destroy the whole image of a romantic young man:

"Only one God you need to ask for her to die as soon as possible."

Wishing a person death, albeit soon, is not the best idea. Especially if you swore love to this woman. So was he being honest or did he just decide to quietly run away? Who knows.

Summing up, we can say that Boris shows himself to be a more active person in all spheres of life than Tikhon - he is completely passive. But both of them can be called real men only with a stretch, I see in each of them the features of boys who have not yet formed personalities. Both of them do not know how to solve problems, preferring to ignore them. Tikhon forgives Katerina's betrayal, and Boris leaves her, not wanting to correct his own mistakes. Tikhon and Boris are completely polar, their characters are different, but both of them are definitely not real men.

How are Boris and Tikhon similar? Expand your position.

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.

Boris (not seeing Katerina). My God! It's her voice, after all! Where is she? (Looks around.)

Katerina (runs up to him and falls on his neck). I did see you! (Crying on his chest.)

Silence.

Boris. Well, here we cried together, God brought.

Katerina. Have you forgotten me?

Boris. How to forget that you!

Katerina. Oh, no, not that, not that! Are you angry at me?

Boris. Why should I be angry?

Katerina, Well, forgive me! I did not want to harm you; Yes, she was not free. What she said, what she did, she did not remember herself.

Boris. Completely you! what you!

Katerina. Well, how are you? Now how are you?

Boris. I'm going.

Katerina. Where are you going?

vBoris. Far away, Katya, to Siberia.

Katerina. Take me away from here!

Boris. I can't, Katya. I am not going of my own free will: my uncle sends, and the horses are already ready; I just asked my uncle for a minute, I wanted to at least say goodbye to the place where we met.

Katerina. Ride with God! Don't worry about me. At first, only if it will be boring for you, the poor, and then you will forget.

Boris. What is there to say about me! I am a free bird. How are you? What is the mother-in-law?

Katerina. Torments me, locks me up. She tells everyone and says to her husband: "Do not trust her, she is cunning." Everyone follows me all day and laughs right in my eyes. At every word, everyone reproaches you.

Boris. What about the husband?

Katerina. Now affectionate, then angry, but drinking everything. Yes, he hates me, hates me, his caress is worse for me than beatings.

Boris. Is it hard for you, Katya?

Katerina. It's so hard, so hard, that it's easier to die!

Boris. Who knew what it was for our love to suffer so much with you! I'd better run then!

Katerina. Unfortunately, I saw you. I saw little joy, but grief, grief, what! Yes, there is still so much to come! Well, what to think about what will happen! Now I've seen you, they won't take that away from me; and I don't need anything else. I just needed to see you. Now it has become much easier for me; like a mountain had been lifted off my shoulders. And I kept thinking that you were angry with me, cursing me...

Boris. What are you, what are you!

Katerina. No, everything is not what I say; That's not what I wanted to say! I was bored with you, that's what, well, I saw you ...

Boris. They wouldn't have found us here!

Katerina. Stop, stop! I wanted to tell you something... I forgot!

Something had to be said! Everything is confused in my head, I don’t remember anything.

Boris. Time for me, Katya!

Katerina. Wait, wait!

Boris. Well, what did you want to say?

Katerina. I'll tell you now. (Thinking.) Yes! You will go on your way, don’t let a single beggar through like that, give it to everyone and order them to pray for my sinful soul.

Boris. Oh, if only these people knew what it feels like to say goodbye to you! My God! God grant that someday it will be as sweet for them as it is for me now. Farewell, Katya! (Hugs and wants to leave.) You villains! Fiends! Oh, what strength!

A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

Specify the literary genus to which the work belongs.

Explanation.

This work belongs to the genre of literature called drama. Let's give a definition.

Drama is a literary (dramatic), stage and cinematic genre. It gained particular distribution in the literature of the 18th-21st centuries, gradually replacing another genre of dramaturgy - tragedy, opposing it with a predominantly everyday plot and a style closer to everyday reality.

Answer: drama.

Answer: drama

What act of Katerina will follow immediately after the events depicted?

Explanation.

Immediately after the events depicted, Katerina's suicide will follow.

Answer: suicide.

Answer: suicide

Establish a correspondence between the three characters appearing (mentioned) in this fragment and their inherent personality traits.

Explanation.

A-2: Wild - ignorance, rudeness, greed. Wild Savel Prokofich is a wealthy merchant, one of the most respected people in the city of Kalinov. D. is a typical tyrant. He feels his power over people and complete impunity, and therefore creates what he wants.

B-4: Boris - education, spinelessness, sensitivity. Wild is distinguished by increased aggressiveness, a desire to humiliate, offend, insult the interlocutor. It is no coincidence that his speech consists of rude words and curses. Boris Grigorievich is Diky's nephew. He is one of the weakest characters in the play. B. is a kind, well-educated person. It stands out sharply against the background of the merchant environment. But he is weak by nature. B. is forced to humiliate himself in front of his uncle, Wild, for the sake of hope for the inheritance that he will leave him. Although the hero himself knows that this will never happen, he nevertheless fawns before the tyrant, enduring his antics. B. is unable to protect himself or his beloved Katerina.

B-3: Tikhon - weakness, dependence on mother, humility. Tikhon is a kind, but weak person, he rushes between fear of his mother and compassion for his wife. The hero loves Katerina, but not in the way that Kabanikha requires - severely, "like a man." He does not want to prove his power to his wife, he needs warmth and affection.

Answer: 243.

Answer: 243

Establish a correspondence between the three characters appearing (mentioned) in this fragment and their future fate.

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Explanation.

A-3: Dikoy sends his nephew out of Kalinov.

B-1: Boris is leaving for Siberia.

B-4: Tikhon reproaches his mother.

It is only over the body of his dead wife that Tikhon decides to rebel against his mother, publicly blaming her for the death of Katerina, and it is with this publicity that he inflicts the most terrible blow on Kabanikha.

Kuligin pulls Katerina out of the water.

Answer: 314.

Answer: 314

In response, write down the phrase that throughout the play was the poetic leitmotif of the image of Katerina, and what Boris said in this scene exposes his insincerity (a fragment from the words “Go with God!”).

Explanation.

The poetic leitmotif of the image of Katerina throughout the play was the phrase "free bird".

Answer: free bird.

Answer: free bird

Katerina's response to Boris's remark (“Who knew that it was for our love to suffer so much with you! ..”) is a complete detailed statement. What is this type of utterance in a play called?

Explanation.

A similar type of utterance in a dramatic work is called a monologue. Let's give a definition.

Monologue - the speech of the character, mainly in a dramatic work, turned off from the conversational communication of the characters and does not imply a direct response, unlike dialogue; speech addressed to the audience or to oneself.

Answer: monologue

Answer: monologue

The last words of Boris contain exclamations aimed at attracting the attention of listeners. What are these exclamations called?

Explanation.

Such exclamations are called rhetorical. Let's give a definition.

Rhetorical - a stylistic figure: an appeal that is conditional. In it, the main role is played not by the text, but by the intonation of the appeal. Rhetorical appeal is often found in monologues. The main task of a rhetorical appeal is the desire to express an attitude towards a particular person or object, to characterize it, to enhance the expressiveness of speech. A rhetorical appeal never requires an answer and does not carry a question.

Bazarov, the hero of the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". With his way of life, his views and convictions, he shakes the world of liberal nobles, under his onslaught the well-being of the Kirsanovs was shaken, their failure was debunked.

A rebel by nature and Pechorin, who challenged the "water society", stirred up his calmness and caused a flurry of indignation and hatred.

Generally Russian literature XIX The century has deeply and comprehensively shown the growing contradictions between the forces that wanted or demanded fundamental changes, and the forces that are trying in every possible way to preserve the old order.

Explanation.

Tikhon and Boris - male images"Thunderstorms", which help us better understand the essence of Katerina. Tikhon is her husband, and Boris is her lover. Tikhon and Boris weak creatures, they are not able to appreciate or love Katerina the way she deserves it. Both are victims of the "dark kingdom", experiencing oppression from its representatives: Boris is under the yoke of his uncle, and Tikhon suffers from his mother. With their power, petty tyrants: Dikoy and Kabanova - suppress everything human in those around them. Tikhon, despite his wife's requests to stay, runs away from his parents' house in order to escape from his mother's oppression at least for a while, at that moment he thinks only of himself, he does not need Katerina. In fairness, it must be said that Tikhon still sometimes stands up for his wife in front of his mother, but this protest is so timid that it brings nothing but unnecessary irritation to Kabanikha. It is Tikhon who makes an attempt to challenge in person patriarchal world, accusing the mother of the death of his wife: “Mother, you ruined her!”.

Boris is even weaker. In the scene cited, he shows this weakness when, when meeting with his beloved, he is afraid even after being exposed: “We wouldn’t be found here!” All he can do is obey the will of the Wild and finally exclaim: “Oh, if only there was strength!”