The main character traits of Oblomov

Roman "Oblomov" - classic critical realism. Its merits were deeply interpreted in Dobrolyubov's article "What is Oblomovism?". According to the critic, the significance of the novel lies in the fact that Goncharov managed to mint out the “modern Russian type” with merciless rigor, to express “a new word in our social development.” The word is "Oblomovism". It "serves as a key to unraveling many phenomena of Russian life" and "gives Goncharov's novel much more public interest than all our accusatory stories.

in Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin and other "options" extra person". With all the unexpectedness, such an analogy is true in essence, because the listed heroes have in common "a fruitless desire for activity, the consciousness that a lot could come out of them, but nothing will come out ...". Oblomov is inferior to his brothers in mind and temperament. But it is precisely in it that the idea of ​​the historical exhaustion of "superfluous people" as figures of the noble period is expressed with all certainty. In the face of Oblomov, the critic concludes, they are reduced "from a handsome pedestal to a soft sofa ..."

The critic also draws attention to the originality of the novel's artistic method, its structure, through which the essence of Oblomovism is revealed. He notes the completeness, thoroughness in the image actors, environment. So, with amazing detail, Goncharov describes not only Oblomov's habits, but also the rooms in which the hero lived, the sofa on which he spent time, even the gray frock coat and "bristly" sideburns of his servant Zakhar. With no less detail, the life and customs of the inhabitants of Oblomovka, which formed the psychology of the hero, are outlined. "In this ability to embrace full image object, - the critic wrote, - to mint, sculpt it - is the strongest side of Goncharov's talent. Of particular importance are the details that concentrated the typical essence of the hero (for example, Oblomov's dressing gown, his slippers, which he hit with his feet without even looking at the floor).

"volatile phenomena" of life, Goncharov gave the plot not a rapid, but a slow, smooth development. This allowed a deeper look into the hidden folds. human soul, reveal the relationship between the hero and the environment. The language of the novel captivates with its natural expressiveness and simplicity.

Having shown Oblomovism as a social evil, Goncharov created a novel of great educational power. Writers, leaders of the revolutionary movement have repeatedly turned to Oblomov as a work directed against social and moral stagnation. “Oblomov is the most important thing, which has not been for a long, long time,” wrote L. Tolstoy.

Oblomov's character

Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" was published in 1859. It took almost 10 years to create it. This is one of the most outstanding novels of classical literature of our time. So famous people spoke about the novel literary critics of that era. Goncharov was able to convey realistically objectively and reliable facts of the reality of the layers of the social environment of the historical period. It must be assumed that his most successful achievement was the creation of the image of Oblomov.

He was a young man of 32-33 years old, of medium height, with a pleasant face and an intelligent look, but without any definite depth of meaning. As the author noted, the thought walked across the face like a free bird, fluttered in the eyes, fell on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared and a careless young man appeared before us. Sometimes boredom or fatigue could be read on his face, but all the same, there was a softness of character in him, the warmth of his soul. Oblomov's whole life is accompanied by three attributes of bourgeois well-being - a sofa, a dressing gown and shoes. At home, Oblomov wore an oriental soft capacious dressing gown. He spent all his free time lying down. Laziness was an integral feature of his character. The cleaning of the house was done superficially, giving the appearance of cobwebs hanging in the corners, although at first glance one might think that it was a well-cleaned room. There were two more rooms in the house, but he did not go there at all. If there was an uncleaned dinner plate with crumbs everywhere, an unsmoked pipe, one would think that the apartment is empty, no one lives in it. He always marveled at his energetic friends. How can you spend your life like that, spraying on dozens of things at once. His financial condition wanted to be the best. Lying on the sofa, Ilya Ilyich always thought of how to fix it.

The image of Oblomov is a complex contradictory, even tragic hero. His character predetermines an ordinary, uninteresting fate, devoid of the energy of life, its bright events. Goncharov draws the main attention to the established system of that era, which influenced his hero. This influence was expressed in the empty and meaningless existence of Oblomov. Helpless attempts at rebirth under the influence of Olga, Stolz, marriage to Pshenitsyna, and even death itself are defined in the novel as Oblomovism.

The very character of the hero, according to the writer's intention, is much larger and deeper. Oblomov's dream is the key to the whole novel. The hero moves to another era, to other people. A lot of light, a joyful childhood, gardens, sunny rivers, but first you have to go through obstacles, an endless sea with raging waves, groans. Behind him are rocks with abysses, a crimson sky with a red glow. After an exciting landscape, we find ourselves in a small corner where people live happily, where they want to be born and die, it cannot be otherwise, they think so. Goncharov describes these inhabitants: “Everything in the village is quiet and sleepy: the silent huts are wide open; not a soul is visible; only flies fly in clouds and buzz in stuffiness. There we meet young Oblomov. As a child, Oblomov could not dress himself; servants always helped him. As an adult, he also resorts to their help. Ilyusha grows up in an atmosphere of love, peace and excessive care. Oblomovka is a corner where calmness and imperturbable silence reign. This is a dream within a dream. Everything around seemed to freeze, and nothing can wake up these people who live uselessly in a distant village without any connection with the rest of the world. Ilyusha grew up on fairy tales and legends that his nanny told him. Developing daydreaming, the fairy tale tied Ilyusha more to the house, causing inactivity.

In Oblomov's dream, the hero's childhood and upbringing are described. All this helps to know the character of Oblomov. The life of the Oblomovs is passivity and apathy. Childhood is his ideal. There in Oblomovka, Ilyusha felt warm, reliable and very protected. This ideal doomed him to an aimless further existence.

The key to the character of Ilya Ilyich in his childhood, from where direct threads stretch to the adult hero. The character of the hero is an objective result of the conditions of birth and upbringing.

Oblomov Roman laziness character

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Features of the national character in the image
I. I. Oblomova

In 1859, one of the most remarkable works of I. A. Goncharov, Oblomov, was published. This novel was perceived by readers ambiguously: some praised it, read it, others scolded and expressed all sorts of disdain. Critics also did not agree, each gave his own assessment of the novel and did not want to agree with someone else's. But in the meantime, the novel diverged, and soon all of Petersburg knew and discussed Oblomov.

The work stirred new wave in the ocean that raged in Russia at that time: whether to be a true Russian character and way of life, or try to imitate a foreign style. People agreed that, indeed, Goncharov put Oblomov in too unsightly light.
What are Features of the national character in the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov around which there were so many disputes and discussions? Main character Romana is a slow, unusually lazy person. He was never in a hurry, he liked to put things on the back burner, he was in no hurry to do today what could be done tomorrow. His favorite pastime was sleep, in second place was eating. Ilya Ilyich woke up for dinner, and only extraordinary events could pull him out of his comfortable bed. Oblomov spent his whole day in inactivity and peace, he did not go anywhere, was not interested in anything, and his measured, lingering life would flow from day to day, if it were not for acquaintances and friends who occasionally visited him.

Features of the national character in the image of Oblomov Goncharov, exaggerating a little, showed unusually accurately. Let's at least remember spiritual qualities Oblomov. According to the author of the novel, Ilya Ilyich had a pure heart, to which all sorts of dirt did not stick, and a soul as transparent as crystal. Oblomov was a very kind, gentle man. His house was always open to visitors: both close friends and ordinary acquaintances. The bread and salt of Ilya Ilyich also knew no bounds, he never refused people, even unpleasant for him: Oblomov always treated Tarantiev, although it was very difficult. assume they were close friends.

It is these qualities that have distinguished Russian people from time immemorial. Foreigners, traveling around Russia, have always been amazed at the breadth of the Russian soul, their generosity, kindness and openness.

In Oblomov there is another amazing feature inherent in all Russian people without exception - this is the hope for "maybe". Who among us has never used this magic word? Ilya Ilyich hopes that perhaps the matter of moving to another apartment will be settled by itself, perhaps the headman will fix it himself financial situation Oblomovki.

Where do these come from Traits of national character in Russian character? Goncharov gives the answer to this question in the chapter "Oblomov's Dream", which, it seems to me, is the key to the whole novel. From childhood, Ilya Ilyich was brought up in such conditions when it was easier to say a few words than to do the deed himself. As a child, Ilya Ilyich watched nature, tried to do something with his own hands, but his parents carefully protected him from any work, from making independent decisions. All his life, Ilya Ilyich felt hidden forces in himself, but he could not release them and use them for the good of Russia, or at least for his own good. The stereotype is firmly fixed in Oblomov happy life- rest, renunciation of all activities. For Ilya Ilyich, a cozy dressing gown and a soft feather bed become symbols of happiness.

Oblomov could not stand the test of sincere ardent love for Olga Ilyinskaya. At first, when their attraction to each other flared into passion, Ilya Ilyich changed a lot for the better: he forgot about his dressing gown, his afternoon nap ... Oblomov began to appear often in society, dress smartly, often met with Olga, and it seemed that he had changed forever , the former life is buried. But as soon as a serious situation developed that required decisive action from Ilya Ilyich (it was necessary to make an offer to Olga, remove new apartment, put things in order on the estate, etc.), Oblomov did not find the strength to fulfill his plan and sank again: he stopped seeing Olga, returned to his old friends - a bathrobe and a sofa, began to sleep again during the day and, finally, moved to the Vyborg side, where he hid from society, like a hermit.

Moving to the Vyborg side and meeting Agafya Pshenitsyna played a tragic role in Oblomov's fate: he finally sank, and nothing, not even friendship with Stolz and love for Olga, was able to pull him out of the hole where Ilya Ilyich fell.

After reading "Oblomov" * I thought for a long time about the Russian character, compared myself, my relatives and acquaintances with the hero of the novel and, to be honest, I was surprised to find very similar features in all of them. Oblomov lives in everyone - of the Russian people to one degree or another. In the character of Ilya Ilyich there are many positive and many negative features, "his image reflects a typical Russian national character, however, not without some exaggeration. And for a very long time, Russian people will suffer from their inherent contemplation, resulting in fruitless daydreaming, but I want to believe that, despite all the vicissitudes of fate, they will carry through the years their open kind heart and soul pure as crystal.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was written during the transition of Russian society from outdated, house-building traditions and values ​​to new, enlightening views and ideas. This process became the most difficult and difficult for representatives of the landlord social class, as it required an almost complete rejection of the usual way of life and was associated with the need to adapt to new, more dynamic and rapidly changing conditions. And if a part of society easily adapted to the renewed circumstances, then for others the transition process turned out to be very difficult, since it was essentially opposed to the usual way of life of their parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the representative of just such landlords, who failed to change along with the world, adapting to it. According to the plot of the work, the hero was born in a village far from the capital of Russia - Oblomovka, where he received a classic landowner, house-building upbringing, which formed many of Oblomov's main character traits - lack of will, apathy, lack of initiative, laziness, unwillingness to work and the expectation that someone will do everything for him. Excessive guardianship of parents, constant prohibitions, the peacefully lazy atmosphere of Oblomovka led to a deformation of the character of a curious and active boy, making him introverted, prone to escapism and unable to overcome even the most insignificant difficulties.

The inconsistency of Oblomov's character in the novel "Oblomov"

The negative side of Oblomov's character

In the novel, Ilya Ilyich does not decide anything on his own, hoping for outside help - Zakhar, who will bring him food or clothes, Stolz, who can solve problems in Oblomovka, Tarantiev, who, although he will deceive, will figure out the situation of interest to Oblomov, etc. The hero is not interested in real life, it causes him boredom and fatigue, while he finds true peace and satisfaction in the world of illusions invented by him. Spending all his days lying on the couch, Oblomov makes unrealizable plans for the arrangement of Oblomovka and his happy family life, in many ways similar to the calm, monotonous atmosphere of his childhood. All his dreams are directed to the past, even the future that he draws for himself are echoes of a distant past that can no longer be returned.

It would seem that a lazy, lumberjack hero living in an untidy apartment cannot arouse sympathy and disposition in the reader, especially against the background of an active, active, purposeful friend of Ilya Ilyich - Stolz. However, the true essence of Oblomov is revealed gradually, which allows you to see all the versatility and inner unrealized potential of the hero. Even as a child, surrounded by quiet nature, care and control of his parents, subtly feeling, dreamy Ilya was deprived of the most important thing - the knowledge of the world through its opposites - beauty and ugliness, victories and defeats, the need to do something and the joy gained by one's own work. From an early age, the hero had everything he needed - helpful courtyards carried out orders at the first call, and parents spoiled their son in every possible way. Once outside the parental nest, Oblomov, not ready for the real world, continues to expect that everyone around him will treat him as warmly and affably as in his native Oblomovka. However, his hopes were destroyed already in the first days in the service, where no one cared about him, and everyone was only for himself. Deprived of the will to live, the ability to fight for his place in the sun and perseverance, Oblomov, after an accidental mistake, leaves the service himself, fearing punishment from his superiors. The very first failure becomes the last for the hero - he no longer wants to move forward, hiding from the real, "cruel" world in his dreams.

The positive side of Oblomov's character

The person who could pull Oblomov out of this passive state, leading to the degradation of the personality, was Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. Perhaps, Stolz is the only character in the novel who thoroughly saw not only negative, but also positive features Oblomov: sincerity, kindness, the ability to feel and understand the problems of another person, inner peace and simplicity. It was to Ilya Ilyich that Stoltz came in difficult moments when he needed support and understanding. Pigeon tenderness, sensuality and sincerity of Oblomov are revealed during the relationship with Olga. Ilya Ilyich is the first to realize that he is not suitable for the active, purposeful Ilyinskaya, who does not want to devote herself to Oblomov's values ​​- this betrays a subtle psychologist in him. Oblomov is ready to give up his own love, as he understands that he will not be able to give Olga the happiness she dreams of.

The character and fate of Oblomov are closely connected - his lack of will, inability to fight for his happiness, along with spiritual kindness and gentleness, lead to tragic consequences - fear of difficulties and sorrows of reality, as well as the hero’s complete departure into a pacifying, calm, wonderful world of illusions.

National character in the novel "Oblomov"

The image of Oblomov in Goncharov's novel is a reflection of the national Russian character, its ambiguity and versatility. Ilya Ilyich is the same archetypal Emelya the Fool on the stove, about which the nanny told the hero in childhood. Like a character in a fairy tale, Oblomov believes in a miracle that should happen to him by itself: a benevolent firebird or a kind sorceress will appear who will take him to the wonderful world of honey and milk rivers. And the chosen one of the sorceress should not be a bright, hardworking, active hero, but always “quiet, harmless”, “some kind of lazy person whom everyone offends”.

Unquestioning faith in a miracle, in a fairy tale, in the possibility of the impossible - main feature not only Ilya Ilyich, but also any Russian person brought up on folk tales and legends. Falling on fertile ground, this belief becomes the basis of a person’s life, replacing reality with an illusion, as happened with Ilya Ilyich: “he had a fairy tale mixed with life, and sometimes he unconsciously feels sad, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale.”

At the end of the novel, Oblomov, it would seem, finds that "Oblomov" happiness that he had long dreamed of - a calm, monotonous life without stress, a caring kind wife, an arranged life and a son. However, Ilya Ilyich does not return to the real world, he remains in his illusions, which become more important and significant for him than real happiness next to a woman who adores him. In fairy tales, the hero must pass three trials, after which he will expect the fulfillment of all desires, otherwise the hero will die. Ilya Ilyich does not pass a single test, first succumbing to failure in the service, and then to the need to change for Olga. Describing Oblomov's life, the author seems to be ironic about the hero's excessive faith in an unrealizable miracle, for which there is no need to fight.

Conclusion

At the same time, the simplicity and complexity of Oblomov's character, the ambiguity of the character himself, the analysis of his positive and negative sides, make it possible to see in Ilya Ilyich eternal image unrealized personality "out of his time" - "an extra person" who failed to find his own place in real life, and therefore gone into the world of illusions. However, the reason for this, as Goncharov emphasizes, is not in a fatal combination of circumstances or the difficult fate of the hero, but in the wrong upbringing of Oblomov, who is sensitive and gentle in character. Grown as a "houseplant", Ilya Ilyich turned out to be unadapted to a reality that was hard enough for his refined nature, replacing it with the world of his own dreams.

Artwork test

Already in " Ordinary history”, the first major work of I.A. Goncharov, he became interested in the type that subsequently immortalized his name. Already there we see indications of the enormous social danger posed by the very special conditions of life of the intelligent Russian society of the beginning and middle of the 19th century, which have developed under the influence of serfdom.

This danger lies in "Oblomovism", and dreamy romanticism, familiar to us from its bearer Aduev, is only one of the elements of this latter. An exhaustive image of Oblomovism was given by Goncharov in the form of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, whose characterization we now turn to.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov belongs to the number of people who cannot but be recognized as attractive.

From the first pages of the novel, he appears before us as an intelligent person and at the same time with good heart. His mind is reflected in the insight with which he understands people. For example, he excellently guessed the numerous visitors who visited him on the morning of the day on which the novel begins. How correctly does he assess both the frivolous pastime of the secular veil Volkov, flitting from one salon to another, and the troublesome life of the careerist official Sudbinsky, who only thinks about how to enlist the favor of his superiors, without which it is unthinkable to receive any increase in salary, or to achieve a profitable business trips, let alone promotion. And in this Sudbinsky sees the only goal of his official activity.

He also correctly assesses Oblomov and people close to him. He bows before Stolz and idolizes Olga Ilyinskaya. But, fully understanding their virtues, he does not turn a blind eye to their shortcomings.

But Oblomov's mind is purely natural: neither in childhood, nor subsequently, no one did anything for his development and education. On the contrary, the lack of a systematically received education in childhood, the lack of living spiritual food in adulthood, plunges him into a more and more drowsy state.

At the same time, complete ignorance of practical life is revealed in Oblomov. As a result, he is more than afraid of what can bring any change in his once established way of life. The requirement of the manager to clean the apartment plunges him into horror, he cannot calmly think about the upcoming chores. This circumstance is much more difficult for Oblomov than receiving a letter from the headman, in which he informs that the income will be "like two thousand in change." And this is only because the headman's letter does not require immediate action.

Oblomov is characterized by rare kindness and humanism. These qualities are fully manifested in Oblomov's conversation with the writer Penkin, who sees the main advantage of literature in "seething anger - bilious persecution of vice", in laughter of contempt for a fallen man. Ilya Ilyich objects to him and speaks of humanity, of the need to create not only with the head, but with the whole heart.

These properties of Oblomov, combined with his amazing spiritual purity, which makes him incapable of any pretense, any cunning, combined with his indulgence towards others, for example, Tarantiev, and, at the same time, with a conscious attitude towards his own shortcomings , inspire love for him in almost everyone with whom his fate confronts. Simple people, like Zakhar and Agafya Matveevna, are attached to him with all their being. And people of his circle, such as, for example, Olga Ilyinskaya and Stolz, cannot speak of him except with a feeling of deep sympathy, and sometimes even spiritual tenderness.

And, despite his high moral qualities, this man turned out to be completely useless for the cause. Already from the first chapter we learn that lying down was the “normal state” of Ilya Ilyich, who, dressed in his Persian robe, putting on soft and wide shoes, spends whole days in lazy doing nothing. From the most cursory description of Oblomov's pastime, it can be seen that one of the main features of his psychological make-up is weakness of will and laziness, apathy and panic fear of life.

What made of Oblomov a man who, with unconscious, but surprising persistence, avoided everything that could require labor, and, with no less persistence, gravitated towards what he pictured as carefree lying on his side?

The answer to this question is the description of Oblomov's childhood and the environment from which he came out - a chapter called "Oblomov's Dream".

First of all, there are some reasons to consider Oblomov as one of the typical representatives of the 40s of the XIX century. Idealism brings him closer to this era, with a complete inability to move on to practical activity, a pronounced tendency to reflection and introspection, and a passionate desire for personal happiness.

However, there are features in Oblomov that distinguish him from the best, for example, Turgenev's heroes. These include the inertia of thought and the apathy of the mind of Ilya Ilyich, which prevented him from becoming a fully educated person and developing a harmonious philosophical worldview for himself.

Another understanding of the Oblomov type is that he is predominantly a representative of the Russian pre-reform nobility. And for himself, and for those around Oblomov, first of all, "master". Considering Oblomov from this point of view alone, one must not lose sight of the fact that his lordship is inextricably linked with "Oblomovism". Moreover, lordship is the immediate cause of the latter. In Oblomov and in his psychology, in his fate, the process of spontaneous extinction of feudal Rus', the process of its “natural death” is presented.

Finally, it is possible to consider Oblomov as a national type, to which Goncharov himself was inclined.

But, speaking about the presence of negative features of Oblomov in the character of a Russian person, it should be remembered that such features are not the only ones inherent in Russians. An example of this is the heroes of others literary works- Lisa Kalitina from " noble nest”, Possessing a selfless character, Elena from “On the Eve”, striving to do active good, Solomin from “Novi - these people, also being Russians, are absolutely not similar to Oblomov.

Oblomov's characteristics plan

Introduction.

Main part. Characteristics of Oblomov
1) Mind
a) Relationships with friends
b) Evaluation of loved ones
c) Lack of education
d) Ignorance of practical life
e) Lack of perspective

2) Heart
a) kindness
b) Humanity
c) spiritual purity
d) Sincerity
e) "Honest, faithful heart"

3) Will
a) apathy
b) Willlessness

The moral death of Oblomov. "Oblomov's Dream", as her explanation.

Conclusion. Oblomov as a social and national type.
a) Oblomov as a representative of the 40s of the 19th century
- Similarities.
— Traits of difference.
b) Oblomov, as a representative of the pre-reform nobility.
c) Oblomov as a national type.