Class: Grade 10
Item: social science
The purpose of the lesson: to help students understand what culture is and what its types are.
Lesson type: lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge
Used textbooks and tutorials: Social science, textbook for students grade 10. educational institutions, basic level, edited by LN Bogolyubov. M., Enlightenment, 2010
Used methodological literature: Social science. Guidelines. A basic level of. Edited by L.N. Bogolyubov M., Enlightenment. 2006
Plan for learning new material
1. Spiritual activity.
2. What is culture. Tradition and innovation in culture.
3. Functions of culture.
4. Forms and varieties of culture.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Repetition of the material covered
1. Recall the main areas of public life and briefly describe them.
2. How do the spheres of society function?
Each sphere of society's life has a certain independence, but at the same time, they not only interact, but also mutually determine each other.
For example: influence of the political sphere on culture:
- the state pursues a certain policy in the field of culture
- cultural figures in their works, in their work reflect political views and positions
3. Summarize:
- the spiritual sphere is closely connected with other spheres of society
- along with the economic, political, social sphere, the spiritual sphere occupies an important place in the activities of human society.
II. Learning new material
Thus, the spiritual life of society arises on the basis of human practical activity and is a form of reflection of the surrounding world and a means of interacting with it.
Spiritual life includes: taken together they form
Spiritual life is one of the subsystems of society and the elements of the spiritual sphere are
Culture is the subject of study of many sciences - (list which sciences study culture) - history, sociology, philosophy and anthropology. One of the culturologists counted more than 200 definitions of cultures in modern humanitarian knowledge.
Where does culture begin?
Bees building honeycombs do not create culture, they reproduce for millions of years what is laid down in them by nature.
The man who created the stone axe, machine tools and machines, planes and trains created something new that does not exist in nature.
Those. everything created by man that is not nature, we refer to culture.
In a broad sense of the word, we can say that culture is a transformative, creative activity of man in relation to nature.
Culture is like a "second nature" created by man himself.
In the narrow sense of the word, culture is used to characterize the material and spiritual development of certain historical epochs, specific societies, nationalities, nations?
For example:
ancient culture
Mayan culture
art culture
work culture
culture of life, etc.
those. in a narrow sense, the term culture refers to the sphere of the spiritual life of society.
Question for students. Define what activities and types of activities are.
Activity - a specific type of human activity aimed at improving the surrounding world and oneself.
In connection with the existence of two types of activity, material and spiritual, two main areas of cultural development can be distinguished.
Traditions (continuity) and innovation are of great importance in spiritual culture.
The accumulation of cultural values goes in two directions, vertically and horizontally.
Traditions –
elements of heritage passed down from generation to generation.
Values, customs, rituals can be traditional. (Vertical)
For example: (students)
- the spring holiday of Maslenitsa has been known since the time of the ancient Slavs
- the rule of etiquette to let women go ahead has come down to us from the period of matriarchy.
Innovation
- manifestation of the new in creative activity.
Man is a creator by nature. We create even when we perceive what others have created.
So reading "War and Peace"
- some are imbued with interest and sympathy for the searches of Natasha Rostova;
- others are touched by the peculiar patriotism of Pierre Bezukhov;
- the third closer is Andrei Bolkonsky’s statement that “only two things should be avoided in life: illness and remorse”
Each era gives rise to its creators, innovators who make outstanding scientific discoveries, sometimes brilliant works of art.
True, it also happens that these creations do not find recognition among contemporaries. But if these are genuine spiritual values, then their time will come and subsequent generations will pay tribute to them. For example, paintings by impressionist artists.
_______________________________________________________________________
Culture performs a number of very important functions in human life and society.
III. Working with the text of the textbook
Highlight the functions of culture
- adaptation to the environment (the most ancient man learned how to make fire and made a stone ax) is the most ancient function of culture.
- accumulation, storage and transfer of cultural values (Rublev "Trinity", Assumption Cathedral, chronicles) culture preserves the heritage accumulated over the centuries, which remains the foundation of the creative search of mankind and this function allows a person to determine his place in the world.
- goal-setting and regulation of the life of society and human activity (Beauty, Goodness, Truth, Justice, Benefit, Power, Freedom) within the framework of this function, values are created that regulate people's lives and their activities)
- socialization of new generations (children raised by animals), this function allows each person to learn a system of knowledge, norms and values that allow him to adapt to life in human society.
– communicative functions (communication) this function allows the development of personality through communication
Correlate culture features with given examples
In life, we encounter a wide variety of cultures. There is a national and world culture, secular and religious, Western and Eastern, and so on.
Looking at the map of the world, we understand that cultures can be determined by racial and national characteristics.
Now there are no isolated cultural communities left on Earth. Scientific and technological progress, information technology, the development of transport, the increased mobility of the population entails an international culture, the creation of a single cultural space for different nations and nationalities. A striking example is the culture of our country, a multinational and multi-confessional country.
1. Veliky Novgorod (wooden architecture)
2. Moscow (V. Blessed Cathedral)
3. Kazan (the symbol of Kazan is the dragon Zilant)
4. Vladimir - (Church of the Intercession on the Nerl)
5. Krasnodar (monument to the Cossacks)
6. Volgograd (stele to the defenders of the motherland)
7. Yakutsk (monument to Mammoth)
8. Anadyr (sculptural composition for the workers of the north)
9. Far East (7th century AD Bohai turtle found in the 19th century)
When we are talking about the diversity of culture, this refers to the three forms of culture - folk, mass, elite and its two varieties - subculture And counterculture.
Identify the forms of culture from the videos.
Reveal character traits each form of culture.
Folk
– folklore, manners, customs, folk music (forms)
– amateur
– collective
– multi-genre
- does not have an author
Bulk
- focused on the mass consumer
- simplicity, accessibility
- commercial focus
It was formed simultaneously with the society of mass production and consumption.
Elite
- designed for a narrow circle of consumers
- difficult to understand for an unprepared person
- is created by a privileged part of society, or by its order by professional creators.
Mass and elite cultures are not hostile to each other.
The achievements of elite art are adopted by mass culture, increasing its level, and mass culture that brings profit makes it possible to support the "creators" of elite art.
Thus, culture has always been the main source of man's creative aspirations, the main reason for his existence. It is culture that makes us reasonable, positively thinking, humane beings with moral positions and obligations. Culture is the soul of society. Through and through culture, we discern values and become capable of making choices.
"Culture represents main point and the main value of the existence of both individual peoples and small ethnic groups, and states. Outside of culture, their independent existence deprives them of meaning.
D.S. Likhachev
IV. Consolidation of the passed topic "Culture and spiritual life"
Part A
A1. The word "culture" originally meant (were)
1) rules of conduct in society
2) creation of artificial nature
3) land cultivation methods
4) ways of producing new knowledge
A2. Definition: “The result of the activities of man and society, the totality of material and spiritual values created by man” refers to the concept
1) art
2) creativity
3) science
4) culture
A3. Are the following statements about culture correct?
A. Culture is a set of values, the general level of intellectual, moral, aesthetic development of people.
B. Culture - a set of historically established forms joint activities.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
A4. Spiritual culture is
1) equipment
2) art
3) building
4) computer
A5. Are the following statements about subculture correct?
A. Subculture - a set of norms and values of the culture of the criminal layer of society.
B. A subculture is an autonomous holistic formation within the dominant culture that determines the lifestyle and thinking of its bearers.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
A6. Definition of culture: "Culture created by a privileged part of society, or at its request, by professional creators" refers to the concept
1) folk culture
2) popular culture
3) literary culture
4) national culture
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the types of culture and their objects: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
Cultural objects Types of culture
A) plastic 1) material culture
B) musical image 2) spiritual culture
B) Japanese rock garden
D) painting
D) chopped primitive man
| A | ||||
AT 2. Find terms in the list below related to material culture and write in ascending order
1) religious teaching
2) TV
3) music
4) equipment
5) scientific discovery
6) machine
Keys:
Part A Part B
A1 - 3 B1. a – 2 b – 1 c – 2 d – 1 e – 1
A2 - 4 B2 2 4 6
A3 - 1
A5 - 2
A6 - 3
A7 - 3
4 correct answers - "3";
6 correct answers - "4";
8 correct answers - "5".
V. Homework
Write an essay: "Culture always involves the preservation of previous experience." (Yu. Lotman)
Essay writing algorithm:
1. Reveal the meaning of the statement.
2. Expand the topic based on the relevant concepts, theoretical positions and conclusions.
3. Use facts and examples from various sources:
a) media reports;
b) materials of educational subjects (history, literature, geography);
c) facts of personal social experience and own observations.
Thus ... (you can return to the first lines of the essay)
WHAT IS CULTURE?
Culture is the totality of mankind's achievements in production,
social and spiritual.
Culture is a product creative work spirit over natural conditions.
Material
the totality of all material
values,
created
certain
culture,
her
materialized component
Spiritual
established
V
society
norms and customs that have developed
ideas of beauty
religious views and scientific
ideas
First, the spiritual world of each
man and his activities
creation of spiritual products
Secondly, the products of the spiritual
activities. to spiritual culture
include religion, science,
education, art,
language, writing, etc.
It is made up of rules
standards, models and norms
behavior,
laws,
values,
rituals,
symbols, myths, knowledge,
ideas, customs, language Edward Hopper. "Cafe-machine"
Ivan Aivazovsky. "The Ninth Wave"
worldview and philosophy,
meaningful
values
express
basics
human
being, the relationship between man and the world.
Key concepts: life and death,
time, fate, memory, nature,
space, relationships with others
people
humanism,
individuality Moral values govern relationships
between people from a position of confrontation
proper and prescribed. They are associated with
assertion of fairly rigid unwritten
laws - principles, prescriptions, commandments,
taboos, prohibitions and norms. Honesty, work, friendship,
love, tact, courtesy and so on.
Frida Kahlo. Just a few small scratches Aesthetic value embodies the ideal
notions of what is right, perfection,
integrity
And
expediency. beautiful, sublime,
tragic
And
comic
main
aesthetic values.
Leonardo da Vinci. Vitruvian Man FORMS OF CULTURE
by destination
Elite
difficult to comprehend
addressed
professionals and
privileged
members of society
Folk
created
unknown
creators,
addressed to the people
Bulk
addressed to the masses
in society
consumption
Universal
understandable to everyone
members of society FORMS OF CULTURE
coverage
dominant
Majority culture
population
(dominant
spiritual values)
Subculture
Social group culture
(small cultural worlds).
Differs in system
values, language, manner
behavior, clothing, etc.
Counterculture
The current that denies
dominating values
culture PROBLEMS OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE
What should art reflect: the truth of life or lofty ideals?
What should art evoke: feelings or thoughts?
Are there objective indicators of a masterpiece, great art,
great literature?
Is it worth separating the personality of the author from the work he created? MORALITY AND MORALITY IN SPIRITUAL CULTURE
Morality - the rules that determine behavior; spiritual and
spiritual qualities necessary for a person in society, as well as
compliance with these rules, behavior.
Morality is the rules of morality, as well as morality itself.
Moral principles are internal moral framework
individual person or group, community, or the whole
society as a whole.
Humanism - humanity in social activities, in
attitude towards people. THE APPEARANCE OF MORALITY
Morality
reaction
on
mutual
isolation of people in the community.
Formed parallel to the formation
states,
simultaneously
With
emergence of a political society
How
compensation
such
connections
And
dependencies that are installed with
with the help of strength.
Morality arises as a mechanism of culture,
which
promotes
overcoming
isolation and alienation between people,
creating normative and spiritual conditions
for their unity. UNIVERSAL MORAL PRINCIPLES
Talion principle. An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth
The Golden Rule of Morality: Treat others as you would like them to
others acted towards you
The principle of the golden mean: avoid extremes, observe the measure
Principle the greatest happiness: provide happiness to as many people as possible
The principle of justice
First principle: every person should have equal rights in respect of fundamental freedoms.
The second principle is that social and economic inequalities must be arranged in such a way that:
(a) they could reasonably be expected to benefit everyone, and (b) access to regulations and
positions would be open to all.
Spiritual life of society Spiritual and theoretical activity represents the production of spiritual goods and values Spiritual and practical activity results in a change in people's consciousness Thoughts, ideas, theories, ideals, artistic images which may take the form of scientific and works of art Preservation, reproduction, distribution, distribution, consumption of created spiritual values
Culture "Cultivation, tillage" All types of transformative activities of man and society, as well as its results The totality of all types of transformative human activities, as well as the result of this activity, including the transformation of oneself.
CULTURE In a broad sense, a historically conditioned dynamic complex of principles, methods and results of active creative activity people (everything that is created by man in the material and spiritual world) In the narrow sense, the process of active creative activity, during which spiritual values are created, distributed and consumed
MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL CULTURE. CULTURE is one, however, two spheres are conditionally distinguished in it MATERIAL CULTURE - objects that have a material, tangible expression created and used by a person (houses, roads, appliances, furniture) SPIRITUAL CULTURE IS CONNECTED WITH THE RESULTS OF SPIRITUAL ACTIVITY THERE IS NO CULTURE MATERIAL CULTURE IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOCIETY AND INDIVIDUALS SPIRITUAL CULTURE - created by the mind and feelings of people (ideas, thoughts, faith, feelings, language, rules, values ..)
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY. THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESSION AND INNOVATION Ways of increasing spiritual wealth THE PATH OF SUCCESSION (TRADITION) IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESERVATION AND TRANSFER OF VALUES FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER. Traditions are a stable element of culture; they accumulate and preserve the cultural values created by mankind. THE PATH OF INNOVATION - THE CULTURE IS DEVELOPING THROUGH THE REINFORCEMENT OF NEW VALUES, WHICH ARE NOT ALWAYS APPRECIATED BY CONTEMPORARY WORKERS. Innovation communicates dynamics and pushes cultural processes towards development.
THE PROBLEM OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY. CULTURE AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL HISTORICAL COMMUNITY OF PEOPLE. 1. VIEWPOINT: LOCAL CULTURES DEVELOP ACCORDING TO THEIR LAWS, THEREFORE, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO SPEAK ABOUT THE PLANETARY UNITY OF HUMANITY. 2.POINT OF VIEW: THE UNIQUENESS OF CULTURES DOES NOT EXCLUDE THEIR INTERACTIONS. TRANSLATION OF VALUES BY: COLONIZATION, GRAFTING A SHAFT ON A FOREIGN TREE. EQUAL DIALOGUE PROBLEMS OF CULTURAL INTERACTION
DIALOGUE OF CULTURES THE CRISIS OF CULTURE IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND WAYS EXIT. D.S. Likhachev wrote: “The real values of culture develop only in contact with other cultures, grow on rich cultural soil and take into account the experience of neighbors.” V.S. BIBLER- IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT THAT THE INTERACTION OF CULTURES TURN INTO A DIALOGUE. BAKHTIN BELIEVED THAT CULTURE CAN EXIST ONLY ON THE BORDERS: ON THE VERGE OF THE PAST AND THE PRESENT, IN THE COLLISION OF DIFFERENT CULTURES. THEREFORE, DIALOGUE IS NEEDED RESEARCHERS CONSIDER CULTURE AS A HUGE POLYPHONIC SPACE.
The dialogue of cultures is the interaction of two or more cultures of different peoples, societies 1. The dialogue of cultures is conducted with the aim of exchanging various kinds of information. 2. The dialogue of cultures allows nations to get to know each other better, to understand, to move to a more perfect level of communication. 3. Dialogue of cultures - new form social organization, characteristic of a post-industrial society, for the process of globalization. 4. The dialogue of cultures mutually enriches the results of intellectual and material creativity.
Diversity of cultures National culture is a set of achievements and sustainable values in the field of social, economic, political and spiritual life of a particular nation, which constitutes its identity. World culture is a synthesis of the best achievements of the national cultures of various peoples of the Earth for the entire historical period of their existence. It is clear that the global national culture are closely related: World culture consists of national ones, and those, in turn, in their development are guided by world standards. Scientists classify Western and Eastern cultures as regional types of cultures. These two cultural worlds have been formed over millennia and are based on different principles. The internationalization of culture entails the creation of a single cultural space for different nations and peoples.
Mass culture Average language norm, pragmatics. Main symbols: Cinematography, television, advertising, telephone. Kitsch - from him Kitsch -1) hack, bad taste; 2) work mass culture, outwardly similar to expensive things, devoid of creativity.
The positive impact of MC on spiritual life The negative impact of MC on spiritual life Establishes simple and understandable ideas about the world of people, about the relationship between them, about the way of life, which allows many people to better navigate in the modern, rapidly changing world Her works do not act as a means of authorial self-expression, but directly addressed to the reader, listener, viewer, take into account his requests Differs in democracy (its “products” are used by representatives of different social groups), which corresponds to our time Meets the demands, needs of many people, including the need for intensive rest, psychological relaxation Has Literary, musical, and cinematographic works, which in essence can already be classified as “high” art, lower their peaks in the spiritual culture of society, since they indulge the undemanding tastes of the “mass man” Leads to standardization and unification of not only the way of life, but also the way of thinking millions of people Designed for passive consumption, as it does not stimulate any creative impulses in the spiritual sphere Plants myths in people’s minds (“the Cinderella myth”, “the myth of a simple guy”, etc.) Forms artificial needs in people through massive advertising Using modern media , replaces for many people real life by imposing certain perceptions and preferences
Elite culture contemporary culture the films of Fellini, Tarkovsky, books by Kafka, Bell, paintings by Picasso, music by Duval, Schnittke belong to the elite. However, sometimes elite works become popular (for example, the films of Coppolo and Bertolucci, the works of Salvador Dali and Shemyakin). Kandinsky "The Apotheosis of Abstraction"
Elite Folk Mass Created by a "privileged part of society" or by its order by professional creators. As a rule, it is ahead of the level of perception of it by an average educated person. The motto of the elite culture is "Art for Art's sake". The creators of elite culture, as a rule, do not count on a wide audience. To understand these works, one must master a special language of art. Created by anonymous creators who do not have professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances, carnivals) A concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, kitsch without distinction of classes, nations, level material condition, standardization of culture)
Varieties of culture Subculture Counterculture Part of the general culture, a system of values inherent in a certain group (gender and age: women, children, youth, etc.; professional: the scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred activities in free time); religious; ethnic; criminal) A subculture that not only differs from the dominant culture, but opposes it, is in conflict with the dominant values.
youth subculture Often seen as deviant (deviating), expressing some degree of opposition to the dominant culture. It develops most often on the basis of peculiar styles in clothing and music and is associated with the development of a consumer society that creates more and more product markets, aimed primarily at young people. This is a culture of conspicuous consumption. Its emergence is also associated with an increase in the role and importance of free time, leisure, around which all relationships are formed. Also focuses on more on friendships in a peer group, not in a family. In addition, the growth of living standards makes it possible to carry out large-scale experiments with the way of life, the search for other, different from the culture of adults, cultural foundations for one's existence.
Typology of cultures Material spiritual from the mode of existence Elite Folk mass from the one who creates culture and its content Dominant subculture counterculture from the attitude towards it economic Political religious social from the sphere of functioning
slide 1
Spiritual sphere of social life Grade 10
Teacher of history and social studies MBOU "Lyceum of the city of Yurga" Sazanskaya Yu.A.
slide 2
Spiritual life of society
an area of being in which objective reality is given to people not in the form of opposing objective activity, but as a reality present in the person himself, which is an integral part of his personality.
slide 3
Concept definition
1. The word "Culture" (from the Latin Cultura - cultivation, upbringing, education) in the broadest sense means everything created by man - this is a "second nature" created by man 2. "Culture" - all types of transformative human activity, as well as its results - a set of material and spiritual values created by man
slide 4
slide 5
In connection with the existence of two types of activity - material and spiritual - two main spheres of existence and development of culture can be distinguished.
Material culture Spiritual culture
slide 6
Peculiarities
Material culture Associated with the production and development of objects of the material world, with a change in the physical nature of a person: material and technical means of labor, communication, cultural and domestic facilities, production experience, skills, skills of people, etc. Spiritual culture The totality of spiritual values and creative activity for their production, development and application: science, art, religion, morality, politics, law, etc.
Slide 7
Functions of culture
Cognitive. Formation of a holistic view of the people, country, era. Estimated. Implementation of differentiation of values, enrichment of traditions. Regulatory (normative). Formation of a system of norms and requirements of society for all individuals in all areas of life and activity (norms of morality, law, behavior).
Slide 8
Informative. Implementation of the transfer and exchange of knowledge, values and experience of previous generations. Communicative. Preservation, transfer and reproduction of cultural values; development and improvement of personality through communication. Socialization. Assimilation by an individual of a system of knowledge, norms, values, accustoming to social roles, normative behavior.
Slide 9
The structure of the spiritual life of society
spiritual needs. Spiritual activity (spiritual production). Spiritual goods (values).
Slide 10
Forms of culture
Elite - created by a privileged part of society, or by its order by professional creators. Folk - created by anonymous creators who do not have professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances). Mass - a concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, without distinction of classes, nations, level of material condition, standardization of culture).
slide 11
Varieties of culture
Subculture is part of a common culture, a system of values inherent in a certain group (gender and age: women, children, youth, etc.; professional: the scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred leisure activities); religious; ethnic; criminal ).
slide 12
slide 13
Subcultures based on fans of various genres of music:
Goths - fans of gothic rock and gothic metal Junglelists - fans of jungle and drum and bass Trancers - fans of the "trance" style of electronic music. Metalists - fans of metal and its varieties Punks - fans of punk rock Rastas - fans of reggae (see also Rastafarianism) Ravers - fans of rave, dance music and discos Rappers - fans of rap and hip-hop Emo - fans of emo and post-hardcore
Slide 14
Image subcultures distinguished by style in clothes and behavior
Cyber Goths Fashion Nudists Hipsters Teddy Boys Military Freaks
slide 16
The influence of mass culture on the spiritual life of society
Positive Approves simple and understandable ideas about the world of people, which allows many people to better navigate the modern, rapidly changing world. Her works do not act as a means of authorial self-expression, but are directly addressed to the viewer, take into account his needs It is democratic (its “products” are used by representatives of different social groups), which corresponds to our time Has its peaks - literary, musical, cinematographic works, which are already in essence can be classified as "high" art
Slide 18
Slide 19
Exercise 1
1. All forms and directions of culture are closely interconnected. Products of elite culture may well become part of mass culture. Mass and folk cultures are also interconnected. Use any three examples to illustrate the relationship and interaction between different forms of culture. (First write down the illustrated relationship, then the specific example.)
Slide 20
Task 2
2. What form of culture can ballet be attributed to? Name any three hallmarks ballets, according to which you determined this.
slide 21
Task 3
3. One of the lessons in the 10th grade was held at an exhibition in the historical museum. Schoolchildren were shown lace, fabrics, clothes made by peasant women for holidays, weekdays, solemn events, as well as clay figurines of animals in the form of whistles made at home. Guess what form of culture the exhibited works belong to, and indicate on what basis this can be determined. Name any two signs of this form of culture that are not reflected in the condition.
slide 22
Science as a component of culture
Science is a sphere of creative activity aimed at obtaining, substantiating, systematizing and evaluating new knowledge about nature, society, and man. Science is a specific social institution, consisting of a system of research institutions, associations, centers, scientific activities of scientists
slide 23
Peculiarities:
The principle of objectivity, i.e. the study of the world as it is, regardless of man. The result obtained should not depend on opinions, predilections, authorities. rationalistic justification. Consistency of knowledge (scientific knowledge is expressed in the form of a theory or a detailed theoretical concept). Verifiability using various methods of scientific knowledge.
slide 24
Slide 25
slide 26
Functions of Science
Cultural and ideological Direct productive force of society (inclusion in production, catalyst for the process of improving production Social function (science data are used to develop plans and programs for social and economic development)
Slide 27
Education as a component of culture
Education is a purposeful process of education, training and development of a person in the interests of society and the state
Slide 28
Features (principles) of education
humanization - the needs and interests of the child, humanistic values and ideals 2. humanization - an increase in the number of humanitarian subjects 3. internationalization - the formation of a unified education system for different countries, the interconnection and partnership of various education systems
Slide 29
slide 30
Religion (lat. Religae - to bind)
Religion is a system of teachings, beliefs and cult activities associated with a person's belief in God and supernatural forces. Religion is a social institution
The essence of religion is Faith in God - it is the realization of what is expected and confidence in the invisible.
Slide 31
- 1. Basic concepts - "culture", "spiritual life".
- 2. Types of human culture.
- 3. Types of culture.
- 4. Examples of mutual influence of cultures.
- Culture is a very complex phenomenon, which is reflected in the hundreds of definitions and interpretations that exist today.
- The most common are the following approaches to understanding culture as a phenomenon public life:
- On the basis of numerous works of various scientists, the concept of "culture" in the broad sense of the word can be defined as - CULTURE -
- a historically conditioned dynamic complex of forms, principles, methods and results of active creative activity of people that are constantly updated in all spheres of public life.
SPIRITUAL LIFE
Spiritual life is closely connected with other spheres of society and is one of its subsystems.
- Informational
- Physical
- Bulk
- Folk
- Elite
Forms of human culture.
Subculture and counterculture.
Subculture
Counterculture
- part of a common culture, a system of values, traditions, customs inherent in a large social group. A subculture is formed in each group of society and differs from the dominant culture in language, outlook on life, behavior, hairstyle, clothing, and customs.
- it is a subculture that not only differs from the dominant culture, but also opposes it, is in conflict with the dominant values.
2. Types of culture.
MATERIAL-
SPIRITUAL-
- Material culture is associated with the production and development of objects and phenomena of the material world, with a change in the physical nature of a person: material and technical means of labor, communication, cultural and community facilities, production experience, skills, skills of people, etc.
- Spiritual culture is a set of spiritual values and creative activities for their production, development and application: science, art, religion, morality, politics, law, etc.
The structure of the spiritual life of society:
- Spiritual needs They represent an objective need of people and society as a whole to create and master spiritual values. - Spiritual activity (spiritual production) The production of consciousness in a particular public form carried out by specialized groups of people professionally engaged in skilled mental labor - Spiritual goods (values): Ideas, theories, images and spiritual values.
- Spiritual social connections of individuals.
- Man himself as a spiritual being.
- Reproduction of social consciousness in its integrity.
- Features - Its products are ideal formations that cannot be alienated from their direct producer. The universal nature of its consumption, since spiritual benefits are available to everyone - individuals without exception, being the property of all mankind.
- As history moves in world culture, universal human traits increasingly dominate and manifest themselves, since human cultural activity becomes more and more unified in its forms, tasks and methods, which, accordingly, forms a single culture of all mankind.
- Job Sample
- A1. Choose the correct answer. Are the following statements about culture correct?
- A. Culture - a set of values, the general level of intellectual, moral, aesthetic development of people.
- B. Culture - a set of historically established forms of joint activity of people.
- 1) only A is true
- 2) only B is true
- 3) both statements are correct
- 4) both judgments are wrong
- Answer: …..
