Cowardice in the work live and remember. Composition on the story live and remember Rasputin. Your own and human court Live and remember indifference

The story of Valentin Rasputin "Live and Remember" attracts special attention. This story shows the importance of human choice. Of particular importance is the choice observed in difficult times for the whole people, for example, as in this story - during the Great Patriotic War. A person is able to have great merits before the Motherland, before his comrades, but everything can always change and the situation worsen due to the wrong choice.

The story "Live and Remember" tells about Andrei Guskov, an ordinary soldier who, on his life path turned the wrong way. In the last months of the war, he escaped from the hospital in order to return to his native places, to meet relatives and friends, the war is the path traveled. He served bravely, defended his homeland, and Soviet Union there is very little left to finish off the enemy, but Andrei is injured and sent to the hospital. People are needed in the war, therefore, not having fully recovered, they want to send Andrei back to the front. Upon learning of this, Guskov decides to escape from the hospital, he does not want to die in the last months of the war.

He is declared a deserter. It was a real verdict for him. At home, it was not his relatives and friends who were waiting for him, but the policemen and the military. Therefore, the main character had to hide, since in those days deserters were shot without trial or investigation. The only person he could trust was his own wife, Nastya. They got married before the war and it cannot be said that it was a strong family. Needless to say, she loved him very much.

There were rumors that Nastya had a lover there and she was not faithful to her husband, Nastya was forced to endure contempt from others, but not to betray her husband. She became pregnant and the rumors only intensified, and she continued to help her husband. When the rumors reached the policemen, they decided to follow her when she once again sailed on a boat into the forest to her own husband. Noticing this, she decides to commit suicide in order to save her husband.

Andrey Guskov is a deserter who did not finish his service for a couple of months, the war ended and fellow villagers greeted everyone from the front as heroes, and he was destined to live and remember what his escape led to. Live and remember, Andrey Guskov.

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War is, it seems to me, an unnatural phenomenon for every person. Despite the fact that we are already living in the twenty-first century and fifty-eight years have passed since the end, the suffering, pain, poverty that the war brought is stored in almost every family. Our grandfathers shed blood, enabling us now to live in a free country. We should be grateful to them for this. Valentin Rasputin is one of the writers who described things that really happened as they really were.

His story "Live and Remember" is a vivid example of how people actually lived during the war, what hardships they experienced. Valentin Rasputin describes in this work the very end of the war. People already had a presentiment of victory, and therefore they had an even greater desire to live. One of these was Andrei Guskov. He, knowing that the war was already coming to an end, tried to survive at any cost. He wanted to quickly return home, to see his mother, father, wife. This desire suppressed all his feelings, reason. He was ready for anything. He was not afraid of being wounded, on the contrary, he wanted to be easily wounded. Then he would have been taken to the hospital, and from there - home.

His wish came true, but not quite: he was injured and was sent to the hospital. He thought that a severe wound would free him from further service. Lying in the ward, he already imagined how he would return home, and he was so sure of this that he did not even call his relatives to the hospital to see him. The news that he was again sent to the front struck like a lightning bolt. All his dreams and plans were destroyed in an instant. Andrey was afraid of this most of all. He was afraid that he would never come home again. In moments of spiritual turmoil, despair and fear of death, Andrei makes a fatal decision for himself - to desert, which turned his life and soul upside down, made him a different person. The war has ruined the lives of many. People like Andrei Guskov were not born for war. Of course, he is a good, brave soldier, but he was born to plow the land, grow bread, and live with his family. Of all those who went to the front, he experienced this the hardest: “Andrei looked at the village in silence and resentment, for some reason he was ready not to war, but to blame the village for being forced to leave it.” But despite the fact that it is hard for him to leave home, he says goodbye to his relatives quickly, dryly: “What has to be cut off must be cut off right away ...”

Andrey Guskov deserts consciously, for the sake of his life, but Nastya, his wife, simply forces him to hide, thereby dooming her to live in a lie: “I’ll tell you right away, Nastya. No dog must know that I am here. Tell someone, I'll kill you. Kill me - I have nothing to lose. I have a firm hand on this, it won’t break, ”- with these words he meets his wife after a long separation. And Nastya had no choice but to simply obey him. She was at one with him until her death, although sometimes she was visited by thoughts that it was he who was to blame for her suffering, but not only for her, but also for the suffering of her unborn child, conceived not at all in love, but in a fit of rough, animal passion. This unborn child suffered along with his mother. Andrei did not realize that this child was doomed to live his whole life in disgrace. For Guskov, it was important to fulfill his masculine duty, to leave an heir, and how this child would live on, he was of little concern.

Nastya understood that both the life of her child and herself were doomed to further shame and suffering. Shielding and protecting her husband, she decides to commit suicide. She decides to rush into the Angara, thereby killing herself and her unborn baby. In all this, of course, Andrey Guskov is to blame. This moment is the punishment that higher power can punish the transgressor moral laws person. Andrei is doomed to a painful life. Nastya's words: "Live and remember," will knock on his inflamed brain until the end of his days.

But Andrei cannot be completely blamed either. Don't be this terrible war, none of this would have happened. Guskov himself did not want this war. He knew from the very beginning that she would not bring him anything good, that his life would be broken. But he probably did not imagine that the life of Nastya and their unborn child would be broken. Life did as it pleased.

The war claimed a lot of lives. Without her, there would not be many problems in our country. In general, war is a terrible phenomenon. It takes many lives dear to someone, destroys everything that was created by the great and hard work of the whole people.

It seems to me that the work of such writers will help our contemporaries not to lose moral values. V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" is always a step forward in the spiritual development of society.

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V. Rasputin. Live and remember

One of the best books about the war is deservedly considered the story of V. Rasputin "Live and Remember", which immediately after its publication in 1974 aroused keen interest not only among Soviet readers, but also very soon received European recognition.

“Live and Remember” is a book not only about the life of the main characters, Andrei Guskov and his wife Nastena, but also about the correlation of their fates with the fate of the people in one of the dramatic periods of history. The depth of the problem involved philosophical reflection choice and, as a result, the actions of people puts this book among the classics of the war.

The title of the story is connected with the statement of V. Astafiev: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in the torment, in the most difficult days and trials: your place is with your people; any apostasy, caused by your weakness, or foolishness, turns into even greater grief for your Motherland and people, and therefore for you.

Two destinies are revealed to us in the story "Live and Remember", we get the opportunity to follow the thoughts, feelings and actions of two people, deeply penetrating into the true motives of their actions.

Andrei Guskov at first did not intend to desert, he honestly went to the front and was a good fighter and comrade, earning the respect of his friends. But the horrors of the war, the injury sharpened the egoism of this man, who placed himself above his comrades, deciding that it was he who needed to survive, be saved, come back alive at all costs. Guskov really hoped that he would be sent home from the hospital, but fate decreed otherwise: he was again called to combat positions. Fear of death and an incredible desire to see his wife, relatives (at least for one day!) Push Andrei to escape. No, he had not yet betrayed anyone by action, because he expected to turn around in two days and still return to the front. But unaccounted for circumstances made Guskov's path much longer than he expected, and he decided that this was fate, there was no turning back. Forced to hide in the forest from people, Guskov gradually loses all the human, good beginning that was in him. Only anger and indefatigable egoism remain in his heart by the end of the story, he is only worried about his own fate. He does not even think that he is pushing his wife to commit a crime against his own conscience and before people; in his future child, Guskov sees only a continuation of himself, and not an independent person who, due to his father’s egoism, will never be born. And the least of all Andrei Guskov is worried about is that he betrayed his land, his Motherland, abandoned his comrades in arms in a difficult moment, depriving, according to Rasputin, his life of the highest meaning. Hence the moral degradation of Guskov, his savagery. Having left no offspring and betraying everything dear to him, he is doomed to oblivion and loneliness, no one will remember him with a kind word, because cowardice combined with cruelty has always been condemned.

A completely different Nastena appears before us, who did not want to leave her husband in trouble, voluntarily shared the blame with him, and assumed responsibility for someone else's betrayal. Helping Andrei, she does not justify either him or herself before the human court, because she believes that betrayal has no forgiveness. Nastya's heart is torn to pieces: on the one hand, she considers herself not entitled to leave the person with whom she once connected her life in difficult times. On the other hand, she suffers endlessly, deceiving people, keeping her terrible secret, and therefore, suddenly feeling lonely, cut off from the people.

Nastena - moral ideal in Rasputin's story, because she finds in herself the strength to sacrifice her happiness, peace, her life for the sake of her husband. But realizing that by doing so she breaks all ties between herself and the people, Nastena cannot survive this and tragically dies.

And yet, the highest justice triumphs at the end of the story, because people understood and did not condemn Nastena's actions. The image of Guskov does not cause anything but contempt and disgust, since "a person who has even once set foot on the path of betrayal goes through it to the end."

V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember"

The events described in the story take place in the winter of forty-five, in the last war year, on the banks of the Angara in the village of Atamanovka. The name, it would seem, is loud, and in the recent past even more frightening - Razboinikovo. “... Once upon a time, in the old days, the local peasants did not disdain one quiet and profitable trade: they checked the goldsmiths coming from Lena.” But the inhabitants of the village had long been quiet and harmless and did not hunt for robbery. Against the backdrop of this virgin and wild nature, the main event of the story takes place - the betrayal of Andrei Guskov.

questions raised in the story.

Who is to blame for the moral fall of man? What is a person's path to betrayal? What is the measure of a person's responsibility for his own destiny and the destiny of the Motherland?

The war, as an exceptional circumstance, placed all people, including Guskov, before a "choice" that everyone had to make.

The path to betrayal

War is a severe test for the people. But if in strong people she brought up stamina, inflexibility, heroism, then in the hearts of the weak cowardice, cruelty, selfishness, disbelief, despair germinated and began to bear their bitter fruits.

In the image of Andrei Guskov, the hero of the story “Live and Remember”, the soul of a weak person is revealed to us, crippled by the harsh events of the war, as a result of which he became a deserter. How did this man, who honestly defended his homeland from enemies for several years and even earned the respect of his comrades in arms, decide on an act despised by everyone, always and everywhere, regardless of age and nationality?

V. Rasputin shows the way to the betrayal of the hero. Of all those leaving for the front, Guskov experienced this the hardest: “Andrey looked at the village in silence and resentment, for some reason he was ready not to war, but to blame the village for being forced to leave it”. But despite the fact that it is hard for him to leave home, he says goodbye to his family quickly, dryly: “What has to be cut off, must be cut off immediately ...”

Knowing that the war was already coming to an end, he tried to survive at any cost. His wish came true, but not quite: he was injured and was sent to the hospital. He thought that a severe wound would free him from further service. Lying in the ward, he already imagined how he would return home, and he was so sure of this that he did not even call his relatives to the hospital to see him. The news that he was again sent to the front struck like a lightning bolt. All his dreams and plans were destroyed in an instant.

The author Valentin Rasputin does not try to justify the desertion of Andrei, but seeks to explain from the position of a hero: he fought for a long time, deserved a vacation, wanted to see his wife, but the vacation due to him after being wounded was canceled. The betrayal committed by Andrei Guskov creeps into his soul gradually. At first, he was haunted by the fear of death, which seemed inevitable to him: "Not today - so tomorrow, not tomorrow - so the day after tomorrow, when the turn turns up." Guskov survived both wounds and shell shock, experienced tank attacks and ski raids. V.G. Rasputin emphasizes that among the scouts Andrei was considered a reliable comrade. Why did he embark on the path of betrayal? At first, Andrei just wants to see his family, with Nastena, stay at home for a while and return. However, having traveled by train to Irkutsk, Guskov realized that in the winter you would not turn around even in three days. Andrei recalled the demonstration execution, when a boy who wanted to run fifty miles away to his village was shot in his presence. Guskov understands that they will not pat him on the head for an AWOL. Thus, unaccounted for circumstances made Guskov's path much longer than he expected, and he decided that this was fate, there was no turning back. In moments of spiritual turmoil, despair and fear of death, Andrei makes a fatal decision for himself - to desert, which turned his life and soul upside down, made him a different person.

Gradually Andrei began to hate himself. In Irkutsk, for some time, he settled with the mute woman Tanya, although he had absolutely no intention of doing this. A month later, Guskov finally ended up in his native places. However, the hero did not feel joy at the sight of the village. V.G. Rasputin constantly emphasizes that, having committed a betrayal, Guskov embarked on the bestial path. After some time, the life that he so cherished at the front became not sweet to him. Having committed treason to his homeland, Andrei cannot respect himself. Mental anguish, nervous tension, the inability to relax even for a minute turn him into a hunted beast.

Forced to hide in the forest from people, Guskov gradually loses all the human, good beginning that was in him. Only anger and indefatigable egoism remain in his heart by the end of the story, he is only worried about his own fate.

Andrei Guskov deserts consciously, for the sake of his life, and Nastya, his wife, forces him to hide, thereby dooming her to live in a lie: “That's what I'll tell you right away, Nastya. No dog must know that I am here. Tell someone I'll kill you. Kill - I have nothing to lose. I have a firm hand on this, it won’t break, ”- with these words he meets his wife after a long separation. And Nastya had no choice but to simply obey him. She was at one with him until her death, although sometimes she was visited by thoughts that it was he who was to blame for her suffering, but not only for her, but also for the suffering of her unborn child, conceived not at all in love, but in a fit of rough, animal passion. This unborn child suffered along with his mother. Andrei did not realize that this child was doomed to live his whole life in disgrace. For Guskov, it was important to fulfill his masculine duty, to leave an heir, and how this child would live on, he was of little concern. The author shows how, having betrayed himself and his people, Guskov inevitably betrays the closest and most understanding person - his wife Nastya, who is ready to share the guilt and shame of her husband, and his unborn child, whom he cruelly dooms to a tragic death.

Nastya understood that both the life of her child and herself were doomed to further shame and suffering. Shielding and protecting her husband, she commits suicide. She decides to rush into the Angara, thereby killing herself and her unborn baby. In all this, of course, Andrey Guskov is to blame. This moment is the punishment with which higher powers can punish a person who has violated all moral laws. Andrei is doomed to a painful life. Nastya's words: "Live and remember," will knock on his inflamed brain until the end of his days.

Why did Guskov become a traitor? The hero himself would like to shift the blame to "rock", before which the "will" is powerless.

It is no coincidence that the word “fate” runs like a red thread through the whole story, to which Guskov clings so. He's not ready. He does not want to be responsible for his actions, for his crime he tries with all his might to hide behind “fate”, “fate”. “This is all war, all of it,” he again began to justify himself and conjure. “Andrey Guskov understood: fate had turned him into a dead end, from which there was no way out. And the fact that there was no way back for him freed Andrei from unnecessary thoughts. The unwillingness to recognize the need for personal responsibility for one's actions is the reason for the appearance of a wormhole in Guskov's soul, which determines his crime (desertion).

War on the pages of the story

The story does not describe battles, deaths on the battlefield, the exploits of Russian soldiers, front-line life. Only life in the rear. And yet - this is precisely the story of the war.

Rasputin explores the deforming influence on a person of a force whose name is war. Without the war, apparently, Guskov would not have succumbed only to the instilled fear of death and would not have reached such a fall. Perhaps, since childhood, the egoism and resentment that have settled in him would have found a way out in some other forms, but not in such an ugly one. If there hadn't been a war, the fate of Nastya's friend, Nadya, who remained at twenty-seven with three children in her arms, would have been different: a funeral came to her husband. Don't be a war... But it was, it was on, people died on it. And he, Guskov, decided that it was possible to live according to other laws than the whole people. And this incommensurable opposition doomed him not only to loneliness among people, but also to an indispensable reciprocal rejection.

The result of the war for the family of Andrei Guskov was three broken lives. But, unfortunately, there were many such families, many of them collapsed.

Telling us about the tragedy of Nastya and Andrei Guskov, Rasputin shows us war as a force that deforms a person’s personality, capable of destroying hopes, extinguishing self-confidence, undermining unstable characters and even breaking the strong. After all, Nastena, unlike Andrey, is an innocent victim, who suffered as a result of the inability to choose between her people and the person with whom she once connected her life. Nastena never cheated on anyone, always remaining true to the moral principles that were laid down in her since childhood, and therefore her death seems even more terrible and tragic.

Rasputin highlights the inhumane nature of war, which brings suffering and misfortune to people, without understanding who is right, who is to blame, who is weak, who is strong.

War and love

Their love and war are the two driving forces that determined the bitter fate of Nastena and the shameful fate of Andrei. Although the characters were initially different - the humane Nastena and the cruel Andrey. She is kindness and spiritual nobility itself, he is blatant callousness and selfishness. At first, the war even brought them closer, but no trials endured together can overcome moral incompatibility. After all, love, like any other relationship, is broken by betrayal.

Andrey's feeling for Nastya is rather consumer. He always wants to receive something from her - whether it be objects of the material world (an ax, bread, a gun) or feelings. It is much more interesting to understand if Nasten loved Andrey? She rushed into marriage, "like into water", in other words, she did not hesitate for a long time. Nastena's love for her husband was built partly on a feeling of gratitude, because he took her, a lonely orphan, to his house, did not let anyone offend. True, her husband's kindness was only enough for a year, and then he even beat her half to death, but Nastena, following the old rule: they agreed - you have to live, patiently carried her cross, getting used to her husband, to family, to a new place.

In part, her attachment to Andrey can be explained by a sense of guilt because they did not have children. Nastena did not think that Andrei could be at fault here. So later, for some reason, she blamed herself for her husband's crime. But in essence, Nastena cannot love anyone other than her husband, because one of the sacred family commandments for her is marital fidelity. Like all women, Nastena was waiting for her husband, eager for him, worried and afraid for him. He also thought about her. If Andrei had been a different person, he would most likely have returned from the army, and they would have lived a normal family life again. Everything went wrong: Andrew returned ahead of schedule. He returned as a deserter. Traitor. A traitor to the Motherland. In those days, this stigma was indelible. Nastena does not turn away from her husband. She finds the strength in herself to understand him. Such behavior is the only possible form of existence for her. She helps Andrei, because it is natural for her to feel sorry, give and sympathize. She no longer remembers the bad things that overshadowed their pre-war family life. She knows only one thing - her husband is in big trouble, he must be pitied and saved. And she saves as best she can. Fate brought them together again and, as a huge ordeal, sent them a child.

The child should be sent as a reward, as the greatest happiness. How once Nastena dreamed of him! Now the child - the fruit of the love of his parents - is a burden, a sin, although he was conceived in a legal marriage. And again Andrei thinks only of himself: "We don't care about him." He says "we", but really "spit" only to him. Nastena cannot be as indifferent to this event. For Andrei, the main thing is that a child is born, the race continues. He does not think at this moment about Nastya, who will have to endure shame and humiliation. Such is the extent of his love for his wife. Of course, it cannot be denied that Guskov is attached to Nastya. Sometimes even he has moments of tenderness and enlightenment, when he thinks with horror about what he is doing, into what abyss he is pushing his wife.

Their love was not the kind that is written about in novels. This is the usual relationship between a man and a woman, husband and wife. The war revealed both Nastya's devotion to her husband and Guskov's consumerist attitude towards his wife. The war also destroyed this family, like the family of Nadya Berezkina and thousands of other families. Although someone still managed to maintain their relationship, like Lisa and Maxim Voloshin, And Lisa could walk with her head held high. And the Guskovs, even if they had saved their family, would never have been able to raise their eyes in shame, because in love and in war one must be honest. Andrew couldn't be honest. This determined the difficult fate of Nastena. So peculiarly Rasputin solves the theme of love and war.

The meaning of the name. The title of the story is connected with the statement of V. Astafiev: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in the torment, in the most difficult days and trials: your place is with your people; any apostasy, caused by your weakness, or foolishness, turns into even greater grief for your Motherland and people, and therefore for you.

Andrey Guskov is least of all worried that he betrayed his land, his Motherland, abandoned his comrades in arms in a difficult moment, depriving, according to Rasputin, his life of the highest meaning. Hence the moral degradation of Guskov, his savagery. Having left no offspring and betraying everything dear to him, he is doomed to oblivion and loneliness, no one will remember him with a kind word, because cowardice combined with cruelty has always been condemned. A completely different Nastena appears before us, who did not want to leave her husband in trouble, voluntarily shared the blame with him, and assumed responsibility for someone else's betrayal. Helping Andrei, she does not justify either him or herself before the human court, because she believes that betrayal has no forgiveness. Nastya's heart is torn to pieces: on the one hand, she considers herself not entitled to leave the person with whom she once connected her life in difficult times. On the other hand, she suffers endlessly, deceiving people, keeping her terrible secret and therefore suddenly feeling lonely, cut off from the people.

In a heavy conversation on this topic, an important symbolically image of the Angara arises. “You only had one side: people. There, by right hand Hangars. And now two: people and me. It is impossible to reduce them: it is necessary that the Angara dry up", - says Andrey Nastene.

During the conversation, it turns out that once the heroes had the same dream: Nastena, in a girl's form, comes to Andrei, who lies near the birches and calls him, telling that she was tormented with the children.

The description of this dream once again emphasizes the painful insolubility of the situation that Nastena found herself in.

The heroine finds the strength to sacrifice her happiness, peace, her life for the sake of her husband. But realizing that by doing so she breaks all ties between herself and the people, Nastena cannot survive this and tragically dies.

And yet, the highest justice triumphs at the end of the story, because people understood and did not condemn Nastena's actions. Guskov, on the other hand, does not cause anything but contempt and disgust, since "a person who has stepped onto the path of betrayal at least once, goes along it to the end."

Andrey Guskov pays the highest price: there will be no continuation of it; no one will ever understand him the way Nastena does. From this moment on, it doesn’t matter how he, who heard the noise on the river and prepared to hide, will live on: his days are numbered, and he will spend them like before, like an animal. Maybe, being already caught, he will even howl like a wolf in despair. Guskov must die, and Nastena dies. This means that the deserter dies twice, and now forever.

... In all of Atamanovka there was not a single person who would simply feel sorry for Nastena. Only before his death, Nastena hears the cry of Maxim Vologzhin: "Nastena, don't you dare!" Maxim - one of the first front-line soldiers who knew what death is, understands that life is the greatest value. After Nastya's body was found, she was not buried in the cemetery of the drowned, because "the women did not give it", but they buried her among her own, but from the edge.

The story ends with the author’s message, from which it is clear that they don’t talk about Guskov, they don’t “remember” - for him “the connection of times has broken up”, he has no future. The author speaks of the drowned Nastya as if she were alive (nowhere replacing her name with the word "deceased"): “After the funeral, the women gathered at Nadya’s for a simple wake and wept: it was a pity for Nasten”. With these words, which signify the “connection of times” restored for Nastena (the traditional ending for folklore is about the hero’s memory through the ages), V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember” ends.

The title of the book is "Live and Remember". These words tell us that everything that is written on the pages of the book should become a lesson in the life of every person. Live and remember that in life there is betrayal, meanness, human fall, the test of love with this blow. Live and remember that you cannot go against conscience and that in moments of difficult trials you must be with the people. The call “Live and remember” is addressed to all of us: a person is responsible for his actions!

What is treason? This is a betrayal of the interests of your country in the name of personal selfish goals. As a rule, this phenomenon takes on special significance in times of war, when desertion undermines the foundations on which the state is based. Most people, of course, risk their lives if their homeland is in danger. Our history is rich in such examples and our literature is proud of. However, there are always those few members of society who succumb to fear and serve only themselves, ignoring the troubles of the fatherland. Today, this problem, as before, is topical, because it manifests itself not only in wartime. Therefore, the arguments on the theme of "Treason" are so diverse and cover not only periods of armed clashes.

Andrey Sokolov, the hero of Sholokhov's work "The Fate of a Man", faces betrayal of his homeland. The soldier is captured and witnesses how the Germans are trying to find out which of the detainees is the Red Commissar. Members of the Bolshevik Party were immediately shot, they were not taken prisoner. Their disfigured bodies served as proof that the German authorities would establish their own rules and get to every communist. A traitor appears in the ranks of the captives, who offers others to hand over the commander in exchange for safety. Then Andrei kills him so that he does not sow confusion in the ranks of the soldiers. He understood that any concession to the enemy is treason, which is not only punishable by execution, but also does not find even the slightest moral justification. Because of the deserters and Vlasovites, the country is losing its chances of winning.
Readiness for betrayal demonstrates the highest light in Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". The nobility does not risk their lives on the battlefield, sits in the salons and argues that nothing will change with the advent of Napoleon. They know French better than their native language, manners and antics are the same everywhere. They do not care who is in power, what will happen to the country, how the battle will end, where their compatriots die every day. They will gladly accept any outcome, because there is no true patriotism in them. They are strangers in Russia, her suffering is alien to them. The example of Prince Rostopchin, the governor-general of Moscow, is widely known, who was only capable of pathetic patriotic speeches, but did not really help the people in any way. Also, the outfit of high-society ladies who dressed up in sundresses and kokoshniks instead of foreign dresses looks stupid and fake, supposedly supporting the national spirit. While the common people shed blood, the rich played dress-up.
In Rasputin's story "Live and Remember", Andrey Guskov becomes a traitor, deserting from the army. Front-line life is too tough for him: lack of food and ammunition, constant risk, tough leadership broke his will. He went to his native village, knowing that he was bringing a mortal threat to his wife. As you can see, treason is dangerous because a person completely loses moral core and betrays all the people dear to him. He substitutes a devoted Nastena, who helps him, risking his reputation and freedom. The woman fails to hide this help, and her fellow villagers pursue her to find the deserter. Then the heroine drowned herself, and her selfish husband sat in a secluded place, pitying only himself.
In Vasil Bykov's story "The Sotnikov", the handsome and strong man Rybak loses all his dignity when he meets a real threat. He and his friend go on reconnaissance, but due to Sotnikov's illness, they are forced to take refuge in the village. As a result, they were captured by the Germans. Unlike the sick partisan, the healthy Rybak is a coward and agrees to cooperate with the invaders. Sotnikov does not try to justify himself or take revenge. All his efforts are aimed at helping those people who sheltered them to protect them with his silence. Meanwhile, the traitor wants, by all means, to save his own life. Although he believes to the last that he can deceive the enemy and run away, joining his ranks for a while, Strelnikov prophetically notices that nothing will save his comrade from moral decay. In the finale, Rybak knocks out a support from under the feet of a former colleague. So he stepped on the path of betrayal and crossed out everything that connects him with his homeland.
In Griboyedov's comedy Woe from Wit, the characters do not fight, but they still manage to harm their country. Famus Society lives in conservative and hypocritical ways, ignoring progress and the rest of the world beyond their ivory tower. These people usurp the people, plunge them into ignorance and drunkenness with their extravagant and cruel antics. The nobles, the backbone of autocratic power, are themselves mired in hypocrisy and careerism, as long as the peasantry provides for their whims. We see, for example, the stupid and mediocre military Skalozub, who only shines with epaulettes at balls. He and his daughter cannot be trusted, not like a regiment or a company. He is a narrow-minded and pathetic person who is accustomed only to receive from his homeland, but not to pay her with a valiant and honest service. Is this not treason to the fatherland?
Loyalty and treason in war are always obvious. For example, in Pushkin's story " Captain's daughter» Shvabrin calmly serves and receives ranks without being a brave man. When the battle broke out, he showed his true face. The traitor immediately went over to the side of the enemy and swore allegiance to Pugachev, saving his life, while his friend Peter risked himself, just to honestly fulfill his duty. The oath to the rebel is not the only betrayal of Alexei. During the duel, he took advantage of a dishonest technique, thereby betraying his honor. He also dishonestly deceives Grinev and slanders the name of Masha without any reason. Then he finally breaks into the abyss of moral decline and by force forces Mary to marry him. That is, the baseness of a person is not limited to betrayal of the homeland, and this kind of betrayal cannot be forgiven, if only on the grounds that it is clearly not the last. If he could betray home country, then there is nothing to expect from him in relation to people.
In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba", Andriy betrays his country because of his passionate love for a Polish woman. However, this is not entirely true: it was originally a stranger in relation to the traditions and mentality of the Cossacks. This contrast of personality and environment is visible when the hero returns home from the bursa: while Ostap happily fights with his father, the youngest son caresses his mother and peacefully keeps aloof. He is not a coward or a weakling, just a different person by nature, he does not have this militant spirit Zaporizhzhya Sich. Andriy was born for family and peaceful creation, while Taras and all his friends, on the contrary, see the meaning of a man's life in eternal battle. Therefore, the decision of the younger Bulba looks natural: not finding understanding in his native land, he is looking for it in the face of a Polish girl and her entourage. Probably, it is in this example that treason can be justified by the fact that a person could not act differently, that is, change himself. He, at least, did not cheat and deceive his comrades in battle, acting on the sly. At least his honest position was known to everyone and emotionally motivated, because if you do not feel a sincere desire to help your homeland, sooner or later your lies will come out and hurt even more.
In Gogol's play The Inspector General there is no war, but there is an imperceptible and more vile betrayal of the motherland than desertion on the battlefield. Officials of the city "N" plunder the treasury and oppress their native people. Because of them, the county is in poverty, and its population is crammed with constant requisitions and outright robbery. Position ordinary people in times of peace is no better than in times of war. Against them, the stupid and vicious power relentlessly marches against them, from which even a pitchfork cannot be defended. To know with complete impunity ruins motherland, like the Mongol-Tatar horde, and no one is able to prevent this, except, perhaps, the auditor. The author in the finale nevertheless makes a hint that the real inspector has arrived, and now the thieves cannot hide from the law. But how many of these counties find themselves in an invisible state of siege for years because of the promiscuity of the ruling elite? The writer also answers this question, making his city with a universal name in order to emphasize that this is the situation throughout Russia. Is this not a betrayal of the interests of the fatherland? Yes, embezzlement out of tact is not called that, but in fact this is real treason.
In Sholokhov's novel Quiet Don» The hero changes sides of the barricades several times in search of his truth and true justice. However, Gregory finds nothing of the kind on either side. It would seem that a person has the right to choose and make mistakes, especially in such an ambiguous situation, but some of his fellow villagers perceive these throwing as a betrayal of their homeland, although in fact Melekhov always follows the truth and is faithful to the interests of the people. It is not his fault that these interests so often change and disappear under one banner or another. It turned out that all the parties only manipulated the patriotism of the Cossacks, but no one was going to act morally and fairly towards them. They were only used in the division of Russia, speaking about the motherland and its defense. Grigory was disappointed in this, and people are already in a hurry to stick a traitorous label on him. Thus, there is no need to rush to blame a person for treason, maybe he is not to blame at all, and people from above use the people's anger against him as a weapon.
In Shalamov's story " Last Stand Major Pugachev "the hero honestly and selflessly went through the war. He defended the country at the cost of his life and never retreated. However, he, like many comrades from the front, was put in a labor camp for fictitious treason. Anyone who was captured or under siege was sentenced to 25 years in prison. In conditions of hard labor, this is a guaranteed death. Then Pugachev and a few other soldiers decide to escape, because they have nothing to lose. From the point of view of the Soviet leadership, this is treason. But from the point of view of normal human logic, this is a feat, because innocent people, and even war heroes, should not be compared with criminals. They had the strength to defend their right to freedom, not to become slaves of the system, powerless and miserable. Then, in 1944, in a German camp, provocateurs told the hero that they would put him in his homeland anyway. He did not believe and did not serve the enemy. Didn't break. So what does he have to lose now that the most gloomy predictions have come true? Although he goes against the state, I do not consider him a traitor. Traitors are the power that goes against its people.

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Sections: Literature

Goals:

Create conditions for improving the skills and abilities of text analysis, understanding the main idea of the work, developing the ability to see its artistic features.
To evoke in children reflection on what they read, a spiritual response and a sense of human responsibility for their choice.
Contribute to the training of schoolchildren to work with different types of information, build communication with the text.

During the classes

I. Opening speech of the teacher.

Not the one from fairy tales, not the one from the cradle,
Not the one that was passed by textbooks,
And the one that burned in the eyes of the inflamed,
And the one that sobbed - I remembered the Motherland.
And I see her on the eve of victory
Not stone, bronze, crowned with glory,
And the eyes of the one who wept, going through troubles,
All demolished, all endured by a Russian woman.
K. Simonov

Today we are talking about war. It's always hard to talk about her.

During the war, about 27 million people died in the USSR, 40% were civilians who died in concentration camps, and according to unofficial data, the losses amounted to more than 40 million people.

Terrible figures, there was no family in the country that would not have suffered during the war. This huge fiery wheel passed through the destinies, crippled the souls of people. Sometimes serious offenses were committed, but many were forgiven. Can everything be justified by war?

Today we will try to solve this problem: “War will write off everything? ..” using the example of Valentin Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember”.

Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin was born in 1937. A modern Russian writer, a native Siberian, has always lived and lives in his homeland, writes about those who are nearby, whom he knows and loves. His work has been marked by many state awards and literary prizes. For the story "Live and Remember", published in 1974, he was awarded the State Prize.

The idea of the plot of this story was childhood memories: “I remember how a deserter was found not far from our village. He hid for a long time, lived away from human habitation. He became embittered, killed a calf, stole something from someone. I remember how an overgrown, terrible man was being led through the whole village. This childhood impression was deposited in the memory, and after many years the seed of the plot hatched.

II. Story analysis.

Teacher: Briefly retell the content.

Teacher: It will be about Andrey Guskov.

Is the illustration good? How did the artist manage to convey the state of the hero?

- His posture (he turned his back), hunched figure, uncut hair indicate that this person is afraid of something, he has something to hide.

Teacher: So Andrew commits a crime. And can we so unconditionally call him a criminal? How did he fight, how was he treated? Opinions will be different, therefore, to answer this question, we divide into two groups, one defends, the other blames.

Teacher: But instead of the front, he decides to go home. How did he walk, with what feelings?

“He had nothing to say even to himself. He somehow at once felt ashamed of himself, hated himself. He was now unknown. Everything in him shifted, turned upside down, hung in the air. On the way he hid, was cautious, constantly looked around.

Teacher: What did you feel when you arrived?

- I didn't have any feelings. Was not able to test. In his bath he fell like a dead man.

Teacher: Andrei establishes a relationship with his wife, who is trying to bring him back to the people. How does he explain his unwillingness to go out to people and repent?

- Caring for relatives, so as not to poke a finger. I don't want to spoil the child.

Teacher: For whom does Andrey come up with these excuses, whom does he want to reassure?

- Myself. After all, in order to go out to people, you need to commit an act, Andrei was incapable of doing it.

Teacher: He opposes himself to the rest of the world, gradually losing his human qualities. Let's find examples of this opposition.

- It starts to mischief people (steals fish, rolls a stump onto the road, wants to set fire to the mill). Let them not see him, but suspect that he is.

Teacher: What does he feel when he secretly observes the village, his father?

- “There he got sick, suffered, was ready to give anything to have at least one eye on his Atamanovka. But he came - and the soul is empty. “He had to come here in order to make sure in reality, up close, that he would never be in his own home, not talk with his father and mother, now he understood that he had no way here.”

Teacher: Communication with fellow villagers is broken, he walks on the land on which he once worked, hoping that the land will remember him. Does nature accept it?

- No. He violated not only moral laws, but also the laws of nature. It destroys nature itself and encroaches on its main incentive - the continuation of life on earth.

Teacher: There are two scenes of killing animals in the story in chapters 8 and 15. How does Andrey behave in the animal killing scenes? (read out)

- He doesn’t finish off Kozulya, he watches how she dies. He looked into the eyes of the animal, wanting to see the approach of death there, but he saw his own reflection. For this animal, he was the very death.

And he kills a calf on May 1, not because there was nothing to eat, but out of anger at people, wanting to annoy those who can live and have fun openly, without hiding from anyone. And this anger in a person turns into a rage, he becomes against nature.

Teacher: Compare how a person and an animal behave in this episode?

- "Guskov completely brutalized", "the cow screamed." The animal behaves like a human, and the human behaves like an animal. It is also noteworthy that at the beginning of the episode the author calls the hero by his first name, then by his last name, and at the moment of the murder itself, just a man. Rasputin takes away from him the most important belonging of a person - the name, believing that Guskov is not worthy of him.

Teacher: The author uses the technique of dehumanizing the hero, that is, depriving him of human qualities. We proved that a person inside Andrei Guskov died. Depicting the internal dehumanization of the hero, the author also shows external changes. Let's see how the appearance of Andrei Guskov changed.

III. Table work.

Andrey Guskov – Dehumanization of the hero

Chapter 2	Strong, hard hands, voice hoarse, rusty. She could not see the face, only something large and shaggy was vaguely black in front of her.
Chapter 6	Finally, Nastena could see him: the same clumsy figure, slightly turned to the right, and the same broad, Asiatic flattened, snub-nosed face, overgrown with a black, ragged beard. Deep-set eyes looked defiant and tenacious. He is a familiar, close, native person to Nastya, and yet a stranger, incomprehensible. You are amazing with that beard. Like a goblin. - I shave. Although no, I won't. To not be like yourself. It's better for hell.
Chapter 8	Once I saw a wolf, which began to come to the winter hut and howl. Guskov, wishing to scare away the beast, opened the door ajar, and in anger, mimicking, answered him with his howl. He answered and was amazed: so closely did his voice converge with the wolf's. ... Guskov, having guessed to put pressure on his throat and throw back his head, removed excess hoarseness from his voice and learned to lead it high and clear. In the end, the wolf could not stand it and retreated from the winter hut.
Chapter 10	Nastya constantly imagined substitution, deceit. It seemed to her that she herself was covered with nasty animal fur.
Chapter 13	You can't really feel like a beast until you see that there are pets.
Chapter 15	He slept in fits and starts now. The moonlit nights began to disturb him. And the brighter the moon shone, the more restless - the more suffocating he felt ... Guskov froze like an animal, sensitively responding to every sound. He learned to penetrate where a person is denied access. He walked and sniffed, peered, looked around, guarded his step, skirted open places, hid. At such moments, his memory seemed to be blurred, he refused to believe that he was at war, lived among people, but it seemed that he was always alone and staggered around, having neither home nor business.
Chapter 18	His face was very sharp and dry. The eyes were frozen and looked from the depths with intense anguish. The beard no longer looked black, but dirty piebald. He held his head forward, as if constantly peering or listening to something. The hair on his head had recently been picked up and cut to the touch, it hung in uneven tufts. Nastya's eyes frightened her the most: they had changed so much since the last meeting, they were so full of longing, they lost all expression except attention. His voice broke: in general, he often broke down, either becoming inopportunely stern, or plaintive, almost crying - either from constant silence, or from loneliness, or from something else. And, seeing again in front of him Andrei's face, sagging and ugly overgrown, like mossy, his sunken eyes, sharp and tormented by suffering, his bent, wary figure in dirty clothes; after falling into a damp dark winter hut with a bitter smell of stale, suffocated air after rain, seeing and feeling all this, Nastena shuddered.

Teacher: He becomes more than just a beast. What feeling does not leave Nastena from the very first meeting?

- What a werewolf. It is no coincidence that Rasputin chooses for Guskov the guise of a wolf, which he becomes like. But the wolf is still part of nature. In Rus' evil spirit often referred to as the undead. If this word is broken, it will turn out NOT TO LIVE.

Andrei Guskov is the one who cannot live with people.

Teacher: And who is to blame for this situation? Who is Andrew blaming?

- For Andrei, there are two guilty parties - war and fate. He is not ready, does not want to be responsible for his actions, hides behind them. "It's all war, it's all damned!" “Andrey understood: his fate turned into a dead end, from which there is no way out. And the fact that there is no turning back freed him from unnecessary thoughts. He does not think about the suffering he brings to his family.

Teacher: What do we know about his family?

- Father Mikheich is kind, gentle, always supported Nastya.

Teacher: What feature in his patronymic can indicate his character?

All consonants are soft.

Teacher: How does he behave after his guess about the return of his son?

- I felt the closeness of my son, moved away from people, feeling guilty for his act.

Teacher: Did the mother feel the closeness of her son? Why?

- Semyonovna did not feel the closeness of her son. Perhaps this is the blind mother's love- she did not even allow the thought that her son would return otherwise than a hero.

Teacher: So, Andrei opposed himself to everyone: fellow villagers, nature, relatives. The only link that connected him with this world was Nastena.

Reading the story, you understand that it was not written for the sake of Andrei, but for the sake of Nastena. In order to show how a person changes under the influence of difficult moral experiences that have befallen him. What do we know about the fate of Nastena?

Teacher: Look at the illustration. This is the first meeting of the heroes. Does Nastena doubt whether to help or not help Andrey? Can she drive him away now? Why?

Teacher: What does Nastena understand? How will she live now?

- She is determined, she will help, she does not separate her fate from the fate of her husband, but she will have to lie, cunning, dodge.

Teacher: What feelings does she have for Andrew?

- I loved, regretting, and regretted, loving. These are two feelings that lead a Russian woman through life. I thought only about where to get the strength that would help return him to his place.

Teacher: And where did Nastena get strength? Where does this moral stamina and devotion come from?

- All from childhood. It is there that character is tempered, a person is formed. The childhood of Nastya and Andrey was different, and the personalities turned out to be different.

Teacher: Now we need to say a few words about the composition. Did you notice anything while reading?

– V. Rasputin has a special construction of the composition – a mirror arrangement of chapters. Similar episodes are repeated after some time.

Repetition allows you to take a closer look at inner world heroes, to see how the state and consciousness of the characters change.

Teacher: Finding out the reasons for the actions of the heroes, the author takes us to childhood, to the place where the personality is formed. And then events begin to develop rapidly, and the author leads us to a tragic ending. Events repeat themselves, but the characters are different.

Teacher: Look at the illustration. How has Nastena changed?

“Tired, old and terribly lonely.

Teacher: She feels lonely even among people. There are two mass scenes in the story that prove this (the return of Maxim Vologzhin and the day the war ended). Let's see what Nastena felt when she was among people?

- She feels lonely, believes that she is not worthy to be with everyone. She is forced to prove to herself that she has the right to rejoice with everyone, that she deserved this holiday.

Teacher: But there is no limit to human suffering. Fate sends her another test - the unborn child. Why is this a test?

Teacher: And then a simple and evil thought comes to her: “It would be over soon. Any end is better than this life." But she had hope for the help of nature. What time in the life of the village was Nastena waiting for?

- It's hay time. This is the time when all people are together, and not only the unity of people is felt, but also unity with nature. After all, she always helped Nastya.

Teacher: Let's remember the description of nature in chapters 10 and 19. Why such a gloomy landscape?

“Nature is trying to stop it, to delay it.

Teacher: But Nastena did not wait for the hay. She understands that Andrei has been tracked down and tries to warn him. With what feelings does she go on this last journey?

- I was ashamed in front of Andrei, in front of people, in front of myself. She is tired. Nastena asks herself questions to which there is no answer.

Teacher: Imagine a night, silence, a river overflowing and a lonely woman in a boat on this moonlit path. Here she gets up, hangs over the edge, and the silence is broken by a cry: “Nastena, stop, don’t you dare, Nastena!” And we understand that this is not only the cry of Maxim Vologzhin, it is the cry of the author himself.

V. Rasputin wrote: “I am inclined to accept the death of Nastena not as a victory of evil, but as a severe test of the moral law, when they demand from him: “Give up”, and he, through tears and torment: “I can’t.”

Teacher: Why did Nastena decide to commit suicide?

- A high degree of self-sacrifice led her to a dead end, from which she did not find any other way out.

Teacher: What do you think, if Andrei decided to act, if he went out to people, would they forgive him?

- Nastya is forgiven, and he would have been forgiven.

Teacher: Were there details in the text that would tell us such an ending to Nastena's life, such her death?

- I was afraid of water, the cemetery of the drowned. These are symbols, hints of the author.

Teacher: Is there any more symbolic details and what meaning do they carry?

– Work with symbols (hut and house, Angara, clock, ax, cave).

Teacher: Such a detail as an ax does not take us to another era, to another author?

– F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

Teacher: What common?

- The motive of the crime, opposing oneself to people, the characters of the main characters, but the ending is different.

- It would elevate him, remove part of the guilt, turn cowardice into delusion. But in this case, he would be the main character, and the story is not about him.

The main task of the author is to show the highest measure of responsibility for one's life to oneself and people, the strength of the human spirit in the image of Nastena. The measure of Guskov's moral decline makes it possible to reveal and shade the high spirituality of Nastena.

IV. Work with the scheme.

Together with Nastena, the reader comprehends a higher system of values. And the title is addressed not to Andrei Guskov, but to all readers. V. Rasputin addresses the people: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in the mountain, in the most difficult days of trials, your place is next to your people, any apostasy caused by your weakness, whether it is a misunderstanding, turns into even greater grief for your homeland, people, and therefore, for you ... "

Teacher: Answering the question posed in the title of the topic, what can we say?

- The war will write off a lot, but there are higher moral laws that no one has the right to transgress and it is impossible to justify such actions.

V. Reflection.

Teacher: Returning to the epigraph, tell me with what feelings you went to the lesson, and what changed when we visited the very edge human life?

The main lesson that we must learn is the realization that sometimes a human life can be the price of an act.

VI. Lesson results.

Homework: written work: "My attitude to ..." (express your thoughts that you could not express in the lesson).

Composition

War... The word itself speaks of misfortune and grief, misfortune and tears. How many people died during this terrible Great Patriotic War!.. But, dying, they knew that they were fighting for their land, for their relatives and friends. Death is scary, but the spiritual death of a person is much more terrible. This is what V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" tells about.

The author reveals the soul of the deserter Andrei Guskov. This man was in the war, was wounded and shell-shocked more than once. But, having been discharged from the hospital, Andrei did not go to his unit, but thievishly made his way to his native village, becoming a deserter.

There is no detective plot in the story, there are few heroes, but all this only reinforces the growing psychologism. V. Rasputin specifically in the image of Andrei depicts an ordinary person with average mental and spiritual abilities. He was not a coward, at the front he conscientiously performed all the soldier's duties.

“He was afraid to go to the front,” says the author. - He prepared all of himself, to the last drop and to the last thought, for a meeting with his relatives - with his father, mother, Nastena - he lived with this, he recovered and breathed with this, he only knew this ... How can he go back, again under bullets, under death, when next, in his own side, in Siberia? Is it right, fair? He would only have one single day to be at home, to calm his soul - then he is again ready for anything. Yes, that's exactly what Andrew wanted to do. But something broke in him, something changed. The road turned out to be long, he got used to the idea of the impossibility of returning.

In the end, he burns all the bridges and becomes a deserter, which means a criminal. When Andrei was near his home, he realized the vileness of his act, realized that something terrible had happened and now he had to hide from people all his life. It is in this vein that the image of the protagonist is most often interpreted. But it should be borne in mind that Andrei is still too young to become a heroic person. He was not going to desert, but the longing for his relatives, family, native village turned out to be the strongest, and the very day that he was not given to leave becomes fatal.

This story is not only about how a soldier becomes a deserter. It is also about cruelty, the destructive power of war, which kills feelings and desires in a person. If this happens, the person is completely free to become a hero. If not, then the longing will usually be stronger. Therefore, Andrei Guskov is not just a traitor, he is a person doomed to death from the very beginning. He is weak, but can he be blamed for being weak?

The tragedy of the story is enhanced by the fact that not only Andrei dies in it. Following him, he takes away both his young wife and the unborn child. Nastena is a woman who is able to sacrifice everything so that her loved one remains alive. But despite her love for him, she still considers her husband to be guilty. Her pain is intensified by the possible condemnation of her fellow villagers.

Like her husband, Nastena is a victim of an all-destroying war. But if Andrei can be blamed, then Nastena is an innocent victim. She is ready to take the blow, the suspicions of loved ones, the condemnation of her neighbors, even punishment - all this causes undeniable sympathy in the reader. “The war delayed Nastenino's happiness, but Nastena believed in the war that it would be. Peace will come, Andrey will return, and everything that has stopped over the years will start moving again. Otherwise, Nastena could not imagine her life. But Andrey came ahead of time, before the victory, and confused everything, mixed it up, knocked it out of its order - Nastena could not help but guess about this. Now I had to think not about happiness - about something else. And it, frightened, moved away somewhere, eclipsed, obscured - there was no way for it, it seemed, from there, no hope. The idea of life is destroyed, and with them, life itself. Having lost support in this whirlpool, Nastena chooses another whirlpool: the river takes the woman to her, freeing her from any other choice.

Valentin Rasputin, a humanist in fact, in the story "Live and Remember" draws the inhumane nature of war, which kills even at a great distance.

Main character books - Andrey Guskov, "an efficient and brave guy who married Nastya early and lived with her not well, not badly for four years before the war." But here in peaceful life Russian people are unceremoniously invaded by the Great Patriotic War. Together with the entire male part of the population, Andrei also went to war. Nothing foreshadowed such a strange and incomprehensible alignment, and now, like an unexpected blow for Nastena, the news that her husband Andrei Guskov is a traitor. Not every person is given to experience such grief and shame. This incident abruptly turns and changes the life of Nastya Guskova. “...Where were you, man, what toys did you play with when you were assigned a fate? Why did you agree with her? Why, without thinking, did you cut off your wings, just when they are most needed, when you need to run away from trouble, not crawling, but in the summer? Now she is under the power of her feelings and love. Lost in the deep village life, female drama extracted and shown as a living picture, which is increasingly seen against the backdrop of the war.

The author claims that Nastena is a victim of the war and its laws. She could not act differently, not obeying her feelings and the will of fate. Nastya loves and pities Andrei, but when shame for the human judgment of herself and her unborn child defeats the power of love for her husband and life, she stepped overboard in the middle of the Angara, dying between two banks - the coast of her husband and the coast of all Russian people. Rasputin gives readers the right to judge the actions of Andrei and Nastena, to reveal for themselves all the good and realize all the bad.

The author himself is a kind writer, inclined to forgive a person rather than to condemn, all the more to condemn mercilessly. He tries to give his heroes a chance to make amends. But there are such phenomena and events that are unbearable for the people around the heroes, for the understanding of which the author does not have the mental strength, but there is only one rejection. Valentin Rasputin, with inexhaustible purity of heart for a Russian writer, shows a resident of our village in the most unexpected situations.

The nobility of Nastya is compared by the author with the wild mind of Guskov. On the example of how Andrei pounces on the calf and bullies him, it is clear that he has lost his human image, completely moved away from people. Nastya is trying to reason and show her husband's mistake, but she does it lovingly, does not insist. The author introduces many thoughts about life into his story. We see this especially well when Andrei and Nastya meet. Heroes languish in their reflections not from melancholy or idleness, but wanting to understand the purpose of human life.

The images described by Rasputin are great and multifaceted. Here is the collective image of grandfather Mikheich and his wife, the conservatively strict Semyonovna, typical of village life. And the image of the soldier Maxim Volozhin, courageous and heroic, who spared no effort, fought for the Fatherland. The many-sided and contradictory image of a truly Russian woman - Nadya, left alone with three children. It is she who confirms the words of N. A. Nekrasov: ".. Russian share, female share." Both life during the war and its happy ending were reflected in the fate of the village of Atamanovka.

Valentin Rasputin convinces us with everything that he wrote that there is light in a person and it is difficult to extinguish it, no matter what the circumstances. In the heroes of V.G. Rasputin and in himself there is a certain poetic feeling, opposed to the established perception of life. Follow the words of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin: "Live for a century - love a century."

Other writings on this work

Mastery of depicting folk life in one of the works of Russian literature of the XX century. (V.G. Rasputin. “Live and remember.”) The story of V. Rasputin "Live and remember" Why "Live and remember"? Problems of morality in modern literature

The story "Live and Remember" was written in 1974. In 2008, the work was filmed by director Alexander Proshkin. The main roles in the film were played by Daria Moroz and Mikhail Evlanov.

The main character of the story is a young woman named Nastya. The orphan was brought up in her aunt's house, not knowing either love or even just good treatment. From an early age, Nastya was forced to work hard so as not to be a freeloader in someone else's house. When Andrey Guskov offered the girl to marry him, she accepted his proposal without hesitation. Nastya never loved her husband, but she was sure that in marriage she would find happiness, which she did not have in her childhood. For several years life together no children appeared in the Guskov family. Andrei blamed his wife for this. Nastya constantly felt guilty.

The head of the family leaves for the front. A young wife receives letters from her husband. But one day a policeman and the chairman of the village council came to her. Andrei went missing, he is suspected of desertion. When the ax disappeared from the bath, the young wife immediately realized that her husband had returned home. After some time, the meeting of the spouses still took place. She seemed to Nastya an obsession, a nightmare.

The superstitious woman was sure that the man she met in the bath was not her husband, but a werewolf. Nastya for a long time doubted the reality of everything that happened at night, believing that she only dreamed it all. Subsequently, Andrei explained to his wife that he was not a murderer and not a traitor. He didn't commit any crime. The reason for his desertion was too early discharge from the hospital. Guskov had to go back to the front, despite the fact that his treatment had not yet been completed.

Andrei understands that his actions will be regarded by the authorities as one of the most terrible crimes, but does not want to correct the situation in any way. Nastya carefully hides the illegal return of her husband from her fellow villagers. The young woman still does not love her husband. A sense of duty makes her lie. The long-awaited pregnancy becomes an unexpected joy for the Guskovs. For the sake of her husband and unborn child, Nastya is ready to endure even greater hardships.

Desperate situation
Pregnancy brought not only joy. The absence of a husband and the presence of a child can mean only one thing: Nastya cheated on Andrei. If this is not so, then Guskov has returned, which, in turn, indicates his desertion. Nastya agrees to be considered an unfaithful wife if this helps save her husband.

A young woman faces the hatred and contempt of those around her. Upon learning that the daughter-in-law is pregnant, the mother-in-law immediately kicks her out of the house. Desperation leads Nastya to suicide. A young woman rushes to the Angara.

Nastya Guskova

Not having received love and affection in childhood, main character dreams of her own family, where she would be the mistress. Nastya has no time to wait true love. She wants to leave her aunt's house as soon as possible and accepts a marriage proposal from an unloved man.

The main character trait of the main character is a feeling for a long time. Nastya knows that she must be married, must have children, must be a faithful and devoted wife to her husband. This is her destiny, and she does not see her life differently. When Andrei is in trouble, Nastya makes every effort to help him. The young woman still does not love her husband. But Andrew is her only close person which she doesn't want to lose.

The dream of real happiness seems to Nastya especially close after she finds out about her pregnancy. Now she will have a full-fledged family, and she will no longer consider herself a defective woman. But at some point, the main character realizes that this time happiness will pass by. The long-awaited child was conceived at the wrong time. He will bring sorrow instead of joy.

A sense of duty makes Nastya suffer severely. She fulfilled her duty to her husband, but betrayed her homeland. Seeing how funerals are brought to other families, Nastya reproaches herself for the fact that another woman has become a widow instead of her. Her husband is alive only because other people's husbands died. Nastya it seems unfair.

Caught in a hopeless situation, the main character sees the only solution to her problem. However, the author does not want Nastya to be considered a suicide. Trying to justify his heroine, he says that the young woman is just very tired. She sought rest, not death.

Andrey Guskov

Unlike his wife, Andrei is not burdened with a sense of duty. It can be called an irresponsible person. Andrew lives for himself and for himself. He recognizes only his own truth. In the absence of children, the main character, first of all, blames his wife. He considers himself neither a deserter nor a traitor. Andrei ran away from the hospital because they wanted to send him to the front ahead of time. He was just saving his life and was not going to betray anyone. Besides, he's only a peasant, not a warrior. Andrei was not born to kill other people.

Guskov selfishly accepts all the sacrifices of his wife, without even thinking about what suffering he condemns her to with his actions. Having shifted all his problems to the weak, fragile Nastya, Andrey does what he sees fit. The suffering of his wife means nothing to him. She is a woman, her destiny is to endure. Despite the fact that his wife's pregnancy only aggravated the situation, Andrei does not feel any remorse and does not blame himself for having conceived a child in such difficult circumstances. He finally got what he wanted for so long.

main idea

The desire to follow duty may not always be justified. The desire to constantly give away free of charge is no less destructive than the constant desire to unrequitedly accept the sacrifice. Violating the energy balance, both the giver and the taker remain the losers.

Analysis of the work

The life of ordinary Russian people was presented in his story by Valentin Rasputin. "Live and remember" ( summary of this work is hardly able to convey the whole palette of feelings experienced by the characters) is not a unique story. There were many women and men like Nastya and Andrei during the Great Patriotic War.

The author does not condemn his heroes, does not pass harsh sentences on them. Nastya refused to hand over her unloved husband to the authorities. She wanted to be happy no matter what. Don't blame Andrew. He was not born to kill and destroy. The mission of a simple peasant is creative work. Andrei does not consider himself a traitor because he always served his homeland in a different way: he cultivated the land, as his ancestors did. The protagonist is sure that he did not betray his homeland, but his homeland betrayed him in some way. He fought for a long time, was wounded and hoped for a vacation during which he could be with his family and heal his wounds. But instead, Andrei will again have to go to the hated war.

The horrors of carnage awaken in man the instinct of self-preservation - one of the most ancient human instincts. The less chance of life a person has, the stronger his desire to stay alive.