Composition

Creativity A. Green - art, and its purpose is to convey to the reader "the truth about the human soul." The writer sought to comprehend the mysteries inner world man, to get to the bottom of his life, his aspirations. Of course, the task is difficult, but Green managed to solve it in his works. One of them is the story "The Green Lamp".

This small-scale creation of the writer reflects the whole life of the protagonist of the story - John Yves. Before us is winter London in the 1920s, a city of sharp social contrasts. This is already indicated by the first two paragraphs of the story: “They have just left an expensive restaurant. There they dined, drank wine and joked with the aristocrats from the Drurilensky theater.” And now the rich went out into the street, and their attention "was attracted by a lying motionless, poorly dressed man of about twenty-five."

What he saw prompted one of the rich, Stilton, the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat could be done with this unfortunate man. Having given him ten pounds, the rich man ordered to rent an apartment with a window to the street and every day from five to twelve to light a green lamp. Stilton said nothing about the purpose of his idea to Yves. He only noticed that "unexpectedly, suddenly" Yves "will be visited by people who will make ... a wealthy man" poor fellow. But it was another invention of a bored aristocrat.

Yves did everything that his "benefactor" instructed to do. And Stilton was almost certain that the guy would get drunk or go crazy. But were the assumptions of this man justified? What did Yves wait for, turning on a green lamp every evening? We learn about this when Green takes us to the year 1928, to the hospital for the poor.

It is here that they meet, many years after last date, Yves and Stilton. Only now they have switched roles: the once wealthy Stilton went bankrupt and turned into a beggar, and John Eve became a doctor. One day, returning home, Yves saw a man standing on the street and looking at the window with a green light. This man uttered the words that became decisive in the fate of the young hero. He said: “Yves is a classic fool! He is waiting for the promised wonderful things… yes, at least he has hopes, and I am almost ruined!”

That man was Stilton. Willow was shocked by these words. By that time, he had already read a huge number of books on medicine, wanting to become a doctor. And this desire, thanks to the hard work and diligence of the hero, was fulfilled. The dialogue between Stilton and Yves ends with John talking about the possibility of giving his "benefactor" a job in the outpatient clinic - "writing down the names of the patients who come." This ends the story of A. Green.

With amazing subtlety, the writer managed to show how changeable life is: today you seem to have everything, and tomorrow you lose it all. But the main thing is not to lose hope, faith in the future. This can only be done by a person who has a goal, striving for the future.

What was Stilton aiming for? Yes, nothing. He lived one day, inventing empty entertainment for himself, spending money. He burned through his already meaningless life. And Yves, probably, did not even hope that someone would come to him and make him a wealthy person. This hero simply understood that he had a unique chance to buy books, get an education. He knew what he was striving for, and achieved it with his labors.

In addition, it is very symbolic that John Eve had to light a lamp of exactly green color, since green color is the color of hope. It probably matters that Stilton doesn't tell Yves why he needs to do the same things every day. He doesn't even come up with anything intelligible. This keeps John in the dark, and at the same time gives him hope.

The last phrase in the story, which belongs to John Ive, is interesting. He tells Stilton, who lost his leg as a result of the operation: "... going down the dark stairs, light ... At least a match." The ellipsis that the writer uses here is important. I just want to add - "green lamp". But no, just a match ... And the dark staircase, perhaps, personifies life. The dark staircase of the life of the evil joker Stilton, the light of which is only a lit match. The dark staircase of John Yves, who himself lit up his life with the green light of hope.

Preparing for

final essay

"PLEASED MAN" (poem in prose) A young man is skipping along the streets of the capital. His movements are cheerful, lively; eyes shine, lips grin, pleasantly reddens a touched face ... He is all - contentment and joy. What happened to him? Did he inherit? Did he get promoted? Is he in a hurry for a love date? Or did he just have a good breakfast - and a feeling of health, a feeling of well-fed strength leaped up in all his members? Have they put your beautiful octagonal cross on his neck, O Polish King Stanislav! No. He composed a slander against an acquaintance, spread it carefully, heard it, this very slander, from the lips of another acquaintance - and he believed her. Oh, how pleased, how kind even at this moment this dear, promising young man! February, 1878

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

I. S. Turgenev

What moral qualities of a person were condemned in the work?

Moral villainy and dishonor

"Happy Man"

Makes others evil

(composed slander)

"man of promise"

HONOR - ... HONOR

• Honor- this is that high spiritual force that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an act, this is a situation where conscience is the judge.
• Life often tests people, putting them before a choice - to act honorably and take a hit on themselves, or to be cowardly and go against conscience in order to gain benefits and get away from troubles, possibly death.
• A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but the retreat from it, the loss of honor, is even more painful.

Honor or dishonor?

Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his whole life. At the same time, he cannot help thinking about his place among other people. This spiritual connection of a person with society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity.

“Honor is my life,” Shakespeare wrote, “they have grown together into one, and to lose honor is equal to the loss of life for me.”

Possible topic formulations:

• Take care of honor from a young age ...
• Can honor resist dishonor?
• Do you agree with the statement of P. Corneille “We have no right to live when honor has perished”?
• Are there people of honor today?
• Is it easy to live without honor and conscience?
• Honor and honesty: how are these concepts related?
• What an honor if there is nothing to eat!

Aphorisms

Not strong the best, but honest. Honor and dignity are the strongest. (F. M. Dostoevsky)

Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

Our honor is to follow the best and improve the worst ... (Plato)

Honor is an outward conscience, and conscience is an inward honor. (Arthur Schopenhauer)

	Dishonor
To deprive the honor of another is to deprive one of one's own. Publius Cyrus	I will endure injustice, but not dishonor.
Honor is dearer than life. Schiller F.	Disgrace equal drags behind him the one who betrayed love and who left the battle. Corneille Pierre
I agree to endure any misfortune, But I will not agree that honor should suffer. Corneille Pierre	Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor. V. Sinyavsky
True honor cannot tolerate untruth.	Shamelessness is the patience of the soul for dishonor in the name of profit. Plato
Honor is a reward given for virtue... Aristotle	Honor from the dishonest is also dishonor. Publius Cyrus
Honor is a diamond on the hand of virtue. Voltaire	A dishonest person is ready for a dishonorable deed. Proverb

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

(A. S. Pushkin)

The direction is based on polar concepts related to the choice of a person: to be true to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral fall.

Introduction based on FIPI comments to the direction

Honor... Disgrace... Life and society put before each person a moral choice: to live as conscience dictates, to follow moral principles or follow the path of dishonor, to achieve everything in life through betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. ….

I think that... Undoubtedly... It seems to me that.... In my opinion, ….

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral decline. So, …

Your opinion on this topic

+ transition to arguments from the literature

Code of noble honor on the pages of literary works

The history of the Russian duel of the 19th century is the history of human tragedies, high impulses and passions. The concept of honor in the noble society of that time is connected with the dueling tradition. There was even a code of noble honor. The readiness to pay with life for the inviolability of one's personal dignity presupposed a keen awareness of this dignity.

A.S. Pushkin, "a slave of honor", defending the honor of his wife and his honor, challenged Dantes to a duel, because. could not live “slandered by rumors” and put an end to dishonor at the cost of his own life. M.Yu. Lermontov also fell victim to dishonest and vicious envious people.

In many works of literature, honor is a measure of the humanity and decency of heroes.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

The honor of the clan is a category of folk morality. The merchant Kalashnikov in the famous "Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov ..." M.Yu. is the defender of popular ideas about honor and dignity. Lermontov. Having based the plot on a real event, Lermontov fills it with deep moral sense. Kalashnikov comes out to fight "for the holy truth, mother", for family values, for the honor of his wife. The image of the merchant Kalashnikov is close to the popular ideal. Just like the heroes of folk epics, Stepan fights for honor and justice, defends eternal values.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

« But your honor is my guarantee, and I boldly entrust myself to her”, - lines from a letter from Tatyana Larina from the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", completing a declaration of love, not only expresses the hope of a young girl for the decency and dignity of the chosen one. They sound faith in the fact that the honor of the heroine herself will not be abused.

For Larina, the concept of honor, moral purity is the basis of the worldview. Guided by her idea of ​​duty, she remains faithful to her husband, rejecting Onegin's love. It is possible to sacrifice love, but not to sacrifice honor.

Honor as the embodiment of the spiritual power of the hero Antithesis honor-disgrace in 20th century literature

(V. Bykov "Sotnikov").

The literature about the Great Patriotic War does not bypass the problem of preserving honor. Become a coward, dishonor yourself with betrayal and continue to live with it - this is the choice Rybak makes. He agrees to serve as a policeman, knocks out a support from under the feet of a former fellow soldier and becomes the executioner of the one with whom he fought shoulder to shoulder yesterday. He stays alive and suddenly catches on himself a look full of hatred. Hate him, a coward and a traitor, a dishonorable person. Now he is an enemy - both for people and for himself too ... Fate deprives Rybak of the opportunity to commit suicide, he will live with his stigma of dishonor.

Literature to help

• D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth"
• A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit"
• A. Pushkin Captain's daughter»
• A. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"
• M. Lermontov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ..."
• M. Lermontov "The Fugitive"
• N. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
• L. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
• F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
• A. Green "Green Lamp".
• M. Sholokhov "The fate of man"
• V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov"
• B. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists"
• Prosper Merimee "Matteo Falcone"

Argumentation

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

• Formulation of your position in the form of a thesis;
• Making a micro-withdrawal,

using quote

I. S. Turgenev

Disgrace, in my opinion, is …………….. Recall …………….. The writer draws …………………….. By asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason ………………………… The answer strikes us: ………… Understand the author’s position irony allows us……………………………. Reading this work, I remember the words .... (proverb) .... + micro output. Let us recall the poem in I. S. Turgenev's prose "A Satisfied Man". The writer draws a young man who is all contentment and joy. Asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason for this mood. The answer strikes us: the hero is pleased that he composed a slander about another. The bitter irony allows us to understand the author's position: "a promising young man." Reading this work, I remember the words of Publius Syrus: "To deprive another of the honor is to lose one's own." The hero of Turgenev, I think, dishonored himself first of all.

So, in conclusion, I want to say that………………. I think that ………………………………. At the end, I want to remember the lines …………………..

So, in conclusion, I want to say that each of us will go our own way in life, each of us has our own path, full of ups and downs. And yet, I think that the main thing for a person is to be honest with himself and with others. In the end, I would like to recall the lines of A. S. Pushkin:

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

Perhaps honor is a heavy burden for everyone, and only strong personality brought up in honesty and morality. Of course, everyone chooses for himself whether to follow the path of honor or live without it, omitting all unnecessary moral prejudices and pangs of conscience. However, it becomes sad at the moment when such a concept as “honor” is not initially invested in the upbringing of a person, because in the future it becomes a tragedy for the whole society. After all, moral decay, the fall of moral foundations leads to the collapse of both the individual and the whole nation.

Yuri Levitansky

Everyone chooses for himself

Everyone chooses for himself

woman, religion, road.

Serve the devil or the prophet -

everyone chooses for himself.

Everyone chooses for themselves

a word for love and for prayer.

Dueling sword, battle sword

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Shield and armor, staff and patches,

measure of final retribution

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for himself.

I also choose as best I can.

I have no complaints against anyone.

Everyone chooses for himself.

Homework Create and write down a complex outline for each of the following topics:

• How are the concepts of "honor" and "fatherland" related?
• What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
• What drives a person to dishonorable acts?

In our cruel age it seems that the concepts of honor and dishonor have died. There is no special need to keep girls honored - striptease and viciousness are paid dearly, and money is much more attractive than some kind of ephemeral honor. I remember Knurov from A.N. Ostrovsky's "Dowry":

There are limits beyond which condemnation does not go: I can offer you such an enormous content that the most malicious critics of someone else's morality will have to be silent and gape in surprise.

Sometimes it seems that men have not dreamed for a long time to serve for the good of the Fatherland, to protect their honor and dignity, to defend the Motherland. Probably, literature remains the only evidence of the existence of these concepts.

The most cherished work of A.S. Pushkin begins with the epigraph: “Take care of honor from a young age,” which is part of a Russian proverb. The whole novel "The Captain's Daughter" gives us the best idea of ​​honor and dishonor. The protagonist Petrusha Grinev is a young man, practically a youth (at the time of his departure for the service he was “eighteen” years old according to his mother), but he is filled with such determination that he is ready to die on the gallows, but not tarnish his honor. And this is not only because his father bequeathed him to serve in this way. Life without honor for a nobleman is the same as death. But his opponent and envious Shvabrin acts quite differently. His decision to go over to the side of Pugachev is determined by fear for his life. He, unlike Grinev, does not want to die. The outcome of the life of each of the characters is natural. Grinev lives a decent, albeit poor, life as a landowner and dies surrounded by his children and grandchildren. And the fate of Alexei Shvabrin is understandable, although Pushkin does not say anything about it, but most likely death or hard labor will cut short this unworthy life of a traitor, a man who has not preserved his honor.

War is a catalyst for the most important human qualities; it shows either courage and courage, or meanness and cowardice. We can find proof of this in V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov". Two heroes are the moral poles of the story. The fisherman is energetic, strong, physically strong, but is he courageous? Having been captured, under pain of death, he betrays his partisan detachment, betrays its location, weapons, strength - in a word, everything in order to eliminate this center of resistance to the Nazis. But the frail, sickly, frail Sotnikov turns out to be courageous, endures torture, and resolutely ascends the scaffold, not for a second doubting the correctness of his act. He knows that death is not as terrible as remorse from betrayal. At the end of the story, Rybak, who escaped death, tries to hang himself in the toilet, but cannot, because he does not find a suitable tool (the belt was taken from him during his arrest). His death is a matter of time, he is not a completely fallen sinner, and living with such a burden is unbearable.

Years pass in historical memory Humanity still has examples of actions in honor and conscience. Will they become an example for my contemporaries? I think yes. The heroes who died in Syria, rescuing people in fires, in disasters, prove that there is honor, dignity, and there are bearers of these noble qualities.

Total: 441 words

In terms of honor and dignity, the spiritual connection of a person with society is expressed. “Honor is my life,” wrote Shakespeare, “they have grown together into one, and to lose honor is equal to the loss of life for me.”

Own position: What does the concept of “honor” mean today? Everyone will interpret this concept in their own way. For some, it is a combination of higher moral principles, respect, honor, recognition of other victories. For others, it is “land, livestock, sheep, bread, commerce, profit – this is life!” For me, honor and dignity is not an empty phrase. It's too early to say that I live by honor. But I hope that these concepts will always serve as a life guide for me.

In our time, it already seems that the concepts of "honor and dignity" are outdated, having lost their original, true meanings. But before, in the days of valiant knights and beautiful ladies, they preferred to part with their lives rather than lose honor. And it was customary to defend one's dignity, the dignity of one's relatives and simply dear people in duels. Let us recall at least how, defending the honor of his family, A.S. died in a duel. Pushkin. "I need my name and honor to be inviolable in all corners of Russia," he said. Favorite heroes of Russian literature were people of honor. Let us recall what kind of instruction the hero of the story "The Captain's Daughter" receives from his father: "Take care of honor from a young age." The father did not want his son to become a secular reveler and therefore sent him to serve in a distant garrison. Meeting with people devoted to duty, to the Motherland, to love, for whom the honor of the uniform was above all else, played a decisive positive role in Grinev's life. He honorably passed all the trials that fell to his lot, and never once dropped his dignity, did not sacrifice his conscience, although there were plenty of opportunities, there was peace in his soul.

“Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest speck deprives it of its brilliance and robs it of all its value,” Edmond Pierre once said. Yes, it really is. And sooner or later everyone will have to decide how to live - with honor or without it.

Total: 302 words

Each newborn is given a name. Together with the name, a person receives the history of his family, the memory of generations and the idea of ​​honor. Sometimes the name obliges to be worthy of its origin. Sometimes by your actions you have to wash away, correct the negative memory of the family. How not to lose dignity? How to protect yourself in the face of danger? It is very difficult to be prepared for such an ordeal. There are many similar examples in Russian literature.

In the story of Viktor Petrovich Astafyev "Lyudochka" there is a story about the fate of a young girl, yesterday's schoolgirl, who came to the city in search of a better life. Growing up in the family of a hereditary alcoholic, like frozen grass, she has been trying all her life to keep honor, some kind of feminine dignity, trying to work honestly, build relationships with people around her, not offending anyone, pleasing everyone, but keeping her at a distance. And people respect her. Her landlady Gavrilovna respects her for reliability and diligence, respects the wretched Artyomka for strictness and morality, respects her in her own way, but for some reason she is silent about this, her stepfather. Everyone sees her as a person. However, on her way she meets a disgusting type, a criminal and a bastard - Strekach. The person is not important to him, his lust is above all. The betrayal of Artyomka's "friend-boyfriend" turns into a terrible ending for Lyudochka. And the girl with her grief is left alone. For Gavrilovna, this is not a particular problem:

Well, they plucked the plonba, just think, what a disaster. Now this is not a flaw, now they get married anyhow, ugh, now for these things ...

The mother generally pulls away and pretends that nothing happened: an adult, they say, let her get out herself. Artyomka and "friends" call to spend time together. But Lyudochka does not want to live like this, with a soiled, trampled honor. Seeing no way out of this situation, she decides not to live at all. In her last note, she asks for forgiveness:

Gavrilovna! Mother! Stepfather! What's your name, I didn't ask. Good people, sorry!

In the epic novel Quiet Don» Sholokhov, each heroine has her own idea of ​​honor. Daria Melekhova lives only in the flesh, the author says little about her soul, and the characters in the novel do not perceive Daria at all without this base beginning. Her adventures both during the life of her husband and after his death show that honor does not exist for her at all, she is ready to seduce her own father-in-law, just to satisfy her desire. It’s a pity for her, because a person who has lived his life so mediocrely and vulgarly, has not left any good memory- insignificant. Daria has remained the embodiment of a base, lustful, dishonest female inside.

Honor is important to every person in our world. But especially women's, girlish honor remains a hallmark and always attracts special attention. And let them say that in our time morality is an empty phrase, that “they will marry anyone” (according to Gavrilovna), it is important - who you are for yourself, and not for those around you. Therefore, the opinions of immature and narrow-minded people are not taken into account. For everyone, honor has been and will be in the first place.

Total: 463 words

In his article, D. Granin speaks of the existence in modern world several points of view about what honor is, and whether this concept is outdated or not. But, despite this, the author believes that the sense of honor cannot become obsolete, as it is given to a person from birth.

In support of his position, Granin cites a case related to Maxim Gorky. When the tsarist government annulled the writer's election as an honorary academician, Chekhov and Korolenko renounced the titles of academicians. By such an act, the writers expressed their rejection of the government's decision. Chekhov defended the honor of Gorky, at that moment he did not think about himself. It was the title of "man with a capital letter" that allowed the writer to defend the good name of his comrade.

This means that the concept of honor will not become obsolete. We can defend our honor and, of course, loved ones and relatives.

So A.S. Pushkin went to a duel with Dantes to defend the honor of his wife Natalia.

In the work of Kuprin "Duel" main character just like Pushkin, he defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with her husband. Death awaited this hero, but it is not meaningless.

I believe that the topic of this article is very relevant, since in the modern world many people have lost the line between honor and dishonor.

But as long as a person is alive, honor is also alive.

Total: 206 words

What is honor and why has it been so valued at all times? Folk wisdom speaks about it - “Take care of honor from a young age”, poets sing it and philosophers reflect. For her, they died in duels, and, having lost her, they considered life over. In any case, the concept of honor contains the desire for moral ideal. This ideal can be created by a person for himself, or he can accept it from society.

In the first case, in my opinion, this is a kind of internal honor, which includes such individual qualities of a person as courage, nobility, justice, honesty. These are the beliefs and principles that form the basis of a person's self-respect. This is what he brings up and appreciates in himself. The honor of a person outlines the limits of what a person can allow himself, and what attitude he can tolerate from others. Man becomes his own judge. This is what constitutes human dignity Therefore, it is important for a person himself not to betray any of his principles.

Another understanding of honor I would correlate with more modern concept reputation is how a person shows himself to other people in communication and deeds. In this case, it is important “not to drop dignity” precisely in the eyes of other people, because few people want to communicate with a rude person, do business with an unreliable person, or help a heartless miser in need. However, a person may at the same time have bad character traits and simply try to hide them from others.

In any case, the loss of honor leads to negative consequences - either a person is disappointed in himself, or becomes an outcast in society. Honor, which I defined as reputation, has always been considered the hallmark of a person - both men and women. And sometimes it hurt people. For example, when they were considered unworthy, even though they were not to blame, but gossip and intrigue. Or rigid social constraints. I have always found it surprisingly accepted in the Victorian era to condemn a young woman who was filming mourning for her husband and wanted to start a new life.

The main thing that I understood is that the word "honor" is related to the word "honesty". You need to be honest with yourself and people, be, and not seem like a worthy person, and then you will not be threatened with either condemnation or self-criticism.

Honor, duty, conscience - these concepts are now rarely seen among people.

What it is?

Honor is my association with the army, with the officers who defend our Motherland, and also with people who with honor hold the "blows of fate."

Duty is again our valiant defenders of the fatherland, who have a duty to defend us and our Motherland, and any person can also have a duty, for example, to help the elderly or younger if they are in trouble.

Conscience is something that lives inside every person.

There are people without a conscience, this is when you can get past grief, and not help, and nothing will torment you inside, but you can help, and then sleep peacefully.

Often these concepts are linked. As a rule, these qualities are given to us during education.

An example from literature: War and Peace, L Tolstoy. Unfortunately, now these concepts are outdated, the world has changed. You rarely meet a person who has all these qualities.

470 words

After reading the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. The story contrasts two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin - and their ideas of honor. These heroes are young, they are both nobles. YES, and they get into this backwater (Belogorsk fortress) not of their own free will. Grinev - at the insistence of his father, who decided that his son needed to "pull the strap and sniff the gunpowder ..." And Shvabrin ended up in the Belogorsk fortress, perhaps because of the high-profile story associated with the duel. We know that for a noble, a duel is a way to defend honor. And Shvabrin, at the beginning of the story, seems to be a man of honor. Although from the point of view of an ordinary person, Vasilisa Yegorovna, a duel is “death murder”. Such an assessment allows the reader, who sympathizes with this heroine, to doubt the nobility of Shvabrin.

You can judge a person by his actions in difficult times. For the heroes, the capture became a test Belogorsk fortress Pugachev. Shvabrin saves his life. We see him "cut in a circle, in a Cossack caftan, among the rebels." And during the execution, he whispers something in Pugachev's ear. Grinev is ready to share the fate of Captain Mironov. He refuses to kiss the impostor's hand, because he is ready to "prefer a cruel execution to such humiliation ...".

They also relate to Masha in different ways. Grinev admires, respects Masha, even writes poetry in her honor. Shvabrin, on the contrary, mixes the name of his beloved girl with mud, saying "if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings." Shvabrin slanders not only this girl, but also her relatives. For example, when he says “as if Ivan Ignatich was in an inadmissible relationship with Vasilisa Egorovna ..” It becomes clear that Shvabrin does not really love Masha. When Grinev rushed to free Marya Ivanovna, he saw her "pale, thin, with disheveled hair, in a peasant dress." her rebels.

If we compare the main characters, Grinev will undoubtedly cause more respect, because despite his youth he managed to behave with dignity, remained true to himself, did not disgrace the honest name of his father, defended his beloved.

Perhaps all this allows us to call him a man of honor. Self-esteem helps our hero at the trial at the end of the story to calmly look into the eyes of Shvabrin, who, having lost everything, continues to fuss, trying to slander his enemy. A long time ago, back in the fortress, he overstepped the boundaries defined by honor, wrote a letter - a denunciation to Grinev's father, trying to destroy the newly born love. Having acted dishonorably once, he cannot stop, he becomes a traitor. And therefore Pushkin is right when he says “cherish honor from a young age” and making them an epigraph to the whole work.

In our time, it has become ashamed to show mercy, compassion, sympathy. Now it’s “fun”, under the approving hooting of the crowd, to hit the weak, kick the dog, insult an elderly person, get nasty to a passerby, and so on. Any muck created by one bastard is perceived almost as a feat by the fragile minds of teenagers.

We stopped feeling, fenced off from the realities of life by our own indifference. We pretend not to see or hear. Today we pass by a bully, swallow insults, and tomorrow we ourselves imperceptibly turn into shameless and demons. honest people.

Let's remember past times. Dueling with swords and pistols for insulting an honest name. Conscience and duty that guided the thoughts of the defenders of the Fatherland. Mass heroism of the people in the Great Patriotic War for trampling the honor of the beloved Motherland by the enemy. No one shifted the unbearable burden of responsibility and duty onto the shoulders of another, so that it would be more comfortable for himself.

If today you have betrayed a friend, cheated on a loved one, “got stuck” with a colleague, insulted a subordinate, or deceived someone’s trust, then don’t be surprised if tomorrow the same thing happens to you. Once abandoned and useless, you will have a great chance to reconsider your attitude to life, to people, to your actions.

A deal with conscience, covering up to a certain point dark deeds, in the future can end very badly. There will always be someone more cunning, arrogant, dishonorable and unscrupulous, who, under the guise of false flattery, will push you into the abyss of collapse in order to take the place that you also took from another.

An honest person always feels free and confident. Acting according to conscience, he does not burden his soul with vices. Greed, envy and indefatigable ambitions are not inherent in him. He just lives and enjoys every day given to him from above.

I want to live in order to think and suffer (A. S. Pushkin) Reason and feeling: can they possess a person at the same time or are these concepts mutually exclusive of one another? Is it true that in a fit of feelings a person commits both vile deeds and great discoveries that drive evolution and progress? What is a dispassionate mind capable of, a cold calculation? The search for answers to these questions has occupied the best minds of mankind since life appeared. And this dispute, which is more important - reason or feeling - has been going on since antiquity, and everyone has their own answer. “People live by feelings,” says Erich Maria Remarque, but immediately adds that in order to realize this, reason is needed.

On the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of feelings and the mind of a person is raised very often. So, for example, in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace" two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, this is the impulsive Natasha Rostova, the sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, the fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other hand, the arrogant and prudent Helen Kuragina and her brother, callous Anatole. Many conflicts in the novel come precisely from the excess of feelings of the characters, whose ups and downs are very interesting to watch. A vivid example of how a burst of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case of Natasha's betrayal, because for her, funny and young, it was incredibly long to wait for her wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flashed feelings for Anatole the voice of reason? Here we have a real drama of mind and feelings in the soul of the heroine, she faces a difficult choice: to leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole, or not to succumb to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made, only chance prevented Natasha. We cannot condemn the girl, knowing her impatient nature and thirst for love. It was feelings that dictated Natasha's impulse, after which she regretted her act when she analyzed it.

It was the feeling of boundless, all-consuming love that helped Margarita reunite with her lover in Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita. The heroine, without a second's hesitation, gives her soul to the devil and goes with him to the ball, where the killers and hangmen kiss her knee. Rejecting a secure, measured life in a luxurious mansion with loving husband, she rushes into an adventurous adventure with evil spirit. Here is a vivid example of how a person, having chosen a feeling, created his happiness.

Thus, the statement of Erich Maria Remarque is absolutely true: guided only by reason, a person can live, but it will be a colorless, dull and joyless life, only feelings give life indescribably bright colors, leaving emotionally filled memories. As the great classic Leo Tolstoy wrote: “If we assume that human life can be controlled by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed.”

Honor and dishonor."

The direction is based on polar concepts related to the choice of a person: to be true to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral decline of the individual.

1. What is the difference between honor and honesty?
2. How do you understand the words honor and dishonor?
3. Honor and honesty give birth to the mind, and dishonesty takes it away.
4. What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
5. Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age.
6. D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" - Pravdin, Starodum, Sofya - Prostakovs.
7. A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" - Chatsky - Molchalin, Famus Society.
8. A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" - Grinev - Shvabrin.
9. M. Lermonotov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich ..." - merchant Kalashnikov - Kiribeevich.
10. N. Gogol "Taras Bulba".
11. A.K. Tolstoy "Prince Silver".
12. L. Tolstoy "War and Peace" - Andrei Bolkonsky - Dolokhov; old prince Bolkonsky - Vasily Kuragin ...
13. F. Dostoevsky "The Idiot" - Prince Myshkin - Gavrila Ivolgin; "Crime and Punishment". A. Kuprin "Duel".
14. M. Bulgakov white guard»; "Master and Margarita".
15. V. Kaverin "Two Captains" - Sanya Grigoriev - Romashin, Nikolai Antonovich.
16. N. Dumbadze "I see the sun."
17. N. Leskov "The Man on the Clock".
18. A.. Kuprin "Wonderful Doctor".
19. A. Green "Green Lamp".
20. M. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man", "Quiet Flows the Don".
21. V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov".
22. D. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful."
23. V. Kaverin "Picture".
24. V. Dudintsev "White clothes".
25. V. Rasputin "Live and remember"; Ivan's daughter, Ivan's mother.

Thematic direction 2 "Honor and dishonor".

Selection of literary material. Preparation for a home essay on the topic “Trading in honor, you will not get rich” (F.M. Dostoevsky)

Write down the first signs of the proposed direction of the final essay that came to mind, without dwelling on them in detail.

spotless reputation honest name dignity justice HONOR fidelity decency nobility of soul Clear conscience 1) Answer the question: How do you understand the expression "man of honor"? What kind of person can be called that? 2) Write down the names side by side literary heroes, about which one can say "man of honor" (indicate the work). Masha Mironova A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” Matryona A.I. ...» HONOR fidelity Tatyana A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" decency nobility of soul pure conscience Pyotr Grinev A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pierre Bezukhov L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" Sonechka Marmeladova F.M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment"

Remember phraseological units and proverbs, in which the word "honor" is used

Proverbs:

· Money is lost - little is lost, health is lost - a lot is lost, honor is lost - everything is lost.

· Honor of honor and believes in the word.

· Honor by merit.

Take care of honor from a young age, and health in old age.

· Not the honest one who chases honor, but the one for whom she herself runs. The clean and the fire will not burn, but the dirty and the water will not wash away.

Honor is protected by the head.

Honor goes along the road, and dishonor is on the sidelines.

· We would have money, but we will find honor.

· Live with your mind, and honor to grow by work.

· Honor is firm, in the word stand.

· Honor is not on the caftan, but under the caftan.

What is, such is the honor.

· Honest eyes do not look sideways.

Phraseologisms

With honor to get out of a predicament,

Do the job with honor

Honor and praise!

does honor (to whom, what), I have honor<кланяться>.

Lives by honor, by conscience

Honor honor, salute; matter of honor, duty of honor, honor of uniform, man of honor, honor by honor

Explain how you understand the meaning of these phraseological units. Conclusion (notebook entry): Honor gives respect: the expression "man of honor" is one of the most significant compliments in Russia noble man. How do you understand the word "disgrace"? Choose synonyms for this word (defamation of honor, insult, shame). Remember the proverbs with the word “disgrace” (For dishonor (for honor), the head perishes. Mutilation is not dishonor. Dishonor is paid for injury. Death is better than dishonor). Remember the literary heroes who commit dishonorable acts (Paratov from A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Dowry”, Arbenin from M.Yu. Lermontov’s drama “Masquerade”, Shvabrin from A.S. .S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky", Grushnitsky from the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", Lazar Podkhalyuzin and Lipochka Bolshova from the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Our people - we will settle", etc.) II. Work on the topic of the essay “Trading in honor, you will not get rich” (F.M. Dostoevsky) Formulate main idea compositions (We must live by honor, by conscience, not forgetting that, as A.P. Chekhov said, “honor cannot be taken away, it can only be lost”)

Task: fill in the table Write an introduction Choose a thesis and arguments for your introduction. Write a conclusion linking it to the abstract and introduction.

Intro options

1. We live in a difficult time: sanctions, crisis, inflation... Officially, in Russia, 84% of the population live below the poverty line, 12% are the middle class and 4% are the elite, that is, those who have millions and billions. Are there many honest people among them? “Incorrect question,” you say. And I will ask another question: “How did they become millionaires and billionaires and do they think about what honor and dishonor are?” To answer this question, let us turn to Russian literature. (68 words)

Thesis 1

Wealth (great wealth!) does not come from honest work.

Argument 1: Sergei Sergeevich Paratov, the protagonist of A.N. Ostrovsky's play "The Dowry"

Thesis 2: In our time, fortunately, there are people who call us, ordinary people to live according to conscience, according to honor. These people include Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev. \

Argument 2: Article by D.S. Likhachev “And the hour struck.

Conclusion option

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that people who own huge wealth (remember: 4% of very rich Russians?) will think about those who can barely make ends meet, who the day before retirement does not have enough money to buy a piece of bread ... They will think and engage in charity work, like Savva Morozov, like Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, a Russian businessman, philanthropist, collector of works of Russian visual arts, founder Tretyakov Gallery.. They will think and remember the word "honor" ... (65 words)

Entry option

“You won’t get rich by trading in honor,” said the great Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in the 19th century. And now it is the 21st century, but the relevance of this statement is obvious: in our century there are people for whom the word "honor" is an empty phrase. Fortunately, there are those who "preserve honor from a young age." I am convinced of the correctness of this point of view fiction. (56 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: First, civil servants, endowed with power, like no other, must comply with the code of honor. Alas, sometimes this does not happen.

Argument 1: Gorodnichiy Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, the hero of N.V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector"

Thesis 2: Secondly, those who sincerely love their Motherland, the nature surrounding them, who are ready to give their lives for harmony to reign in the world, do not want to trade in honor.

Argument 2: Egor Polushkin from B. Vasiliev's story "Do not shoot at white swans".

Conclusion option

In conclusion, one cannot fail to say about the relevance of the topic raised, which still sounds modern, because modern society filled with people who are dishonest, people who think about their own benefit and forget about the interests of others ... I am convinced that it is impossible to trade in what constitutes a person’s honest name, his inner moral dignity and a clear conscience ... It is impossible! Never! Under no circumstances! And everyone should understand this! (60 words)

Entry option

The path of honor and the path of dishonor... The path of honor is the path of truth, justice, dignity... The path of dishonor is the road to nowhere. People choose which way to go. Go to the hospital... Often you have to pay there... for care and attention, for a highly qualified doctor... For sale is what should be the norm... And the traffic cops?... And the police?... And the officials? Do you think they who take bribes get richer? Outwardly, probably, yes .. But the soul is getting poorer ... "Dirty" money will never bring happiness and joy ... The boomerang law will work: someone's pain will return to the house of bribe-takers ... Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view . (89 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: In the fact that a person cheats on himself, loses face,

becomes indifferent and dishonest, only he is to blame.

Argument 1: Dmitry Ionych Startsev from A.P. Chekhov's story "Ionych" Thesis 2: In human society, dishonorable people have always been treated with contempt and with respect for decent people who protect their “honor from a young age”.

Argument 2: Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin and Pyotr Andreevich from A.S. Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter"

Conclusion option

In conclusion, it is impossible not to say about the relevance of the topic raised, which still sounds topical, because in society there will always be people worthy of respect, with a spotless reputation, and people who do not have honor. We can change the situation only together: by expressing contempt for scoundrels, opportunists, careerists, we will make them think about their behavior and, perhaps, change for the better. I hope so... (59 words)

Entry option

In Russia, such great people as Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky, Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov have always been honored as the personification of honor and a spotless conscience. And they always despised thieves, bribe-takers, robbers, murderers - people without honor and conscience. They, trading their good name, did not think that they would be damned. I will give arguments to prove my point of view. (58 words)

Thesis + Argument

Thesis 1: Firstly, a person, having once deceived, betrays himself: it is very difficult to return respect for yourself and other people, you need to prove that you have changed, become better, that you will no longer lie. Argument 1: Nina, the heroine of Tamara Kryukova from the story "Once you lied"

Thesis 2: In war, in contrast to peacetime, all feelings are heightened, including self-esteem, a sense of patriotism, a sense of camaraderie. If someone became a traitor, then there was no forgiveness for such a person.

Argument 2: A fisherman from V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" (you can

contrast it with Sotnikov)

Conclusion option

Concluding my essay, I want to encourage all people to think about the words of Vadim Panov, a Russian science fiction writer: "If you have nothing, then you have your honor, but if you do not have your honor, you have nothing." We must remember this, because without honor we lose ourselves, we lose the respect of others, we lose respect for ourselves ... (56 words)

Death is better than dishonor (last)

Often in Lately there are arguments that the concepts of “principles”, “morality”, “dignity” have lost their relevance. By typing the words “honor”, ​​“disgrace” in a search engine, you will receive today about 146 million results (!) And find yourself in the center of opposing opinions. Yes, for someone, as in the times of A. Radishchev, and later A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, the value is a spotless reputation, the nobility of the human soul. There are those who flaunt their rejection of enduring moral norms and assure themselves, first of all, that one can live without respectable beliefs, qualities, and actions. "Death is better than dishonor"? Is it possible to step over, survive the shame, disgrace, desecration of honor, or, as the poet wrote, "... and you will not be washed away with all your black blood ..."?

Flipping through the pages of your favorite works in your memory, you understand how much it meant for the heroes of F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, M.A. Bulgakov's ability to live according to the law of honor. It seemed to me interesting to trace the life of our contemporaries after their “deal” with conscience - these are the heroes for whom shame, dishonor turned out to be so strong that the censure of others was no longer required. R. Bradbury, L. Ulitskaya, B. Werber, D. Keyes, P. Sanaev, D. Picoult. List of authors whose works convince: and today dishonor worse than death- far from complete. Confirmation of this is Khaled Hosseini and his novel The Kite Runner.

Before me is a book, after reading which it is impossible to continue to live serenely, recklessly, without analyzing your actions, without thinking about the consequences of each step. The author introduces the reader to the Kabul boy Amir, the son of a local aristocrat, and day by day we begin to get to know the world, its light and dark sides, together with the hero. We, like a teenager, have not yet been given the opportunity to realize that every moment can become a step towards honor, memory, gratitude, or it can lead to the line of betrayal, shame. And the desire of a child who grew up without a mother to do everything to please his stern, laconic father is quite understandable, and Amir's jealousy towards the servant - childhood friend Hassan is also understandable: Baba is too warm towards the Hazara despised in society. But when H. Hosseini brings his protagonist to the line, beyond which there is dishonor, a destroyed family, broken ties, broken destinies, crippled souls, you understand how difficult it is to remain a person not in war, under the gun of the enemy, but in everyday life.

What did the kite festival mean to Amir? The competition could bring the teenager the long-awaited respect of his father, his love, interest in his son - this is what the hero counted on, hoping with the help of Hassan to keep the kite in the air for the longest time and find it faster than anyone else. Life disposes differently.
The scene of bullying by Asef, the old enemy of the boys, over Hasan is also impossible to read because we see it through the eyes of a man who has violated the law of friendship, who has not intervened in the ruthless reprisal against the weak and who understands his own meanness, betrayal, baseness. Internal monologues and the little cowardly Amir, and famous writer, which the hero becomes, make it possible to understand that the burden of shame, disgrace cannot be thrown off: the secret dishonor, “which in silence gnaws at the soul of a person” (Thomas Mann) is worse than any sentence!
The false accusation of a Khazarian of theft, Hasan’s forced flight from his home, which became his own, the wanderings around the world of Amir himself in an effort to forget the past, start living anew - the novel is full of events, but does not answer the question of how to get rid of memory, free yourself from court of conscience. The ring composition of the work, like a vicious circle, personifies the hopelessness of this struggle and states: dishonor is worse than death. And only in the finale of the novel by H. Hosseini, allowing the hero to again face a choice: to protect little Sohrab or to escape - gives him a chance to save his soul.

Interestingly, the word "honor" is mentioned in the Bible more than a hundred times, and the protection of honor and dignity is given special attention in the basic law of our state. I do not think that by chance these very different books and documents are unanimous: one can live according to all the canons only by listening to the voice of conscience, following moral laws, and lies, hypocrisy, betrayal are the “privileges” of a miserable existence, which is worse than death.