Hans Christian Andersen Hans Christian Andersen is a Danish prose writer and poet, author of world-famous fairy tales for children: The Ugly Duckling, The King's New Dress, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Princess and the Pea, and many others. tin soldierThe Princess and the Pea Hans Christian Andersen was born on April 2, 1805 in Odense on the island of Funen.OdenseFyn

The ugly duckling The ducklings have hatched. One of them was late, and outwardly failed. The old duck scared her mother that it was a turkey, but it swam better than the rest of the ducklings. All the inhabitants of the poultry yard attacked the ugly duckling. Once the duckling could not stand it and ran into the swamp, where wild geese lived. At night, he reached the hut in which the old woman, the cat and the chicken lived. The woman took him in, blindly mistaking him for a fat duck, but the cat and the chicken who lived with her laughed at him. When the duckling wanted to swim, the hen declared that it was all from stupidity, and the freak went to live on the lake, where everyone still laughed at him. One day he saw swans and fell in love with them as he had never loved anyone. In winter, the duckling froze in ice; the peasant brought it home, warmed it up, but out of fright the chick misbehaved and ran away. All winter he sat in the reeds. In the spring I took off and saw swans swimming. The duckling decided to surrender to the will of beautiful birds and saw his own reflection: he also became a swan! And according to the children and the swans themselves, the most beautiful and youngest. He did not even dream of this happiness when he was an ugly duckling.

Thumbelina - tiny, sweet, good, kind, brave. Toad - big, scary, green. The mouse is gray, economic. The mole is wealthy and stingy. Swallow - kind, sweet, sympathetic Prince - handsome, caring The fairy tale "Thumbelina" teaches us kindness, mutual understanding. She shows us how girls should be and how boys should be: noble and responsible.

Quiz. 1. Who was the ugly duckling? 2. What birds did the duckling see on the lake after winter? 3. At first there was a barley seed, then a wonderful tulip flower, and then ... 4. Who bit the water lily stalk, saving Thumbelina from a toad? 5. Who took Thumbelina to warmer climes?

MY FAVORITE STORYTOR

“To live, you need the sun, freedom and

little flower "G.H. Andersen

First I will tell you a story. One school teacher said to his student: “You are a stupid young man, and nothing good will ever come out of you. You're going to scribble, but no one will ever read your writing!" The student listened with his head down. It was long and awkward. He was already 17, and among the second-graders he looked ridiculous.

Yet the teacher was wrong. No one remembers his name, but the “unlucky student” is known and loved by children all over the world.

It is absolutely impossible to believe that Andersen was in fact. After all, just a person, not a magician, does not know what a darning needle is thinking about, does not hear what a rose bush and a family of gray sparrows are talking about. An ordinary person cannot see what color the dress of the elf princess is. He enters our homes before we can read - he enters with a light, almost inaudible step, like the magician Ole Lukoye.

And suddenly, a photo. And everywhere there is such a face ... a little funny, the nose is so long, long. But let's not look at it so shamelessly. Hans Christian suffered all his life because he was so ugly.

As a boy, he swings into a lanky, rickety fellow with arms that dangle like a toy man on a string, with tiny, slightly incised eyes.

Add to this that he walks around in his father's rags, always stumbles over something or stands for a long time and with great interest, like a miracle of miracles, examines an ordinary burdock or an old shoe lying on the road. At the same time, he does not notice (or pretends not to notice) that onlookers are following him in a crowd. Some of them, choking with laughter, tease him, someone shouts offensive words after him.

And, probably, you already understand that fairy tales beloved from childhood were not born among velvet pillows, lace cuffs and gilded candlesticks ...

But let's start all over again. In the small country of Denmark there is a small island of Funen, and on it is the city of Odense. If you think carefully about what the town looks like, then perhaps you can say that it most of all resembles a toy city carved from blackened oak.

Hans Christian Andersen was born here on April 2, 1805. The fortuneteller predicted that he was destined to glorify his homeland. The hands of the laundress mother, red from endless washing, and the black hands of the shoemaker father - these are the first life impressions. Throughout his childhood, Hans Christian passed in wooden shoes and patched clothes, and put on the first suit, altered from his father's, only at the age of 14.

There was often no bread in the house, and the dream of little Hans Christian was to someday eat his fill.

But there were joys in this poor life. A clean, carefully tidied room with two windows, a bookshelf, and a shoe workbench were forever engraved in Andersen's memory. A small kitchen, a box of parsley and onions in the window, an elder bush in the yard.

The father's name was also Hans Christian and, as already mentioned, he was a shoemaker, and a bad shoemaker, and therefore poor. His fingers, so deftly making intricate toys, seemed to be filled with lead when he took up the awl and hammer. He dreamed of only two joys - to study and travel. And since neither one nor the other succeeded, he endlessly read and reread fairy tales called "A Thousand and One Nights" to his son and took him for a walk in the vicinity of the town.

Andersen was the only child in the family and, despite the poverty of his parents, he lived freely and carefree. He was never punished. He did only what he constantly dreamed of. Dreamed of everything that could come to mind. Parents also dreamed of making a good tailor out of the boy. His mother taught him to cut and sew. Instead of cutting, he learned how to masterfully cut little dancers out of paper. With his art, he amazed everyone even in old age.

The ability to sew later came in handy for Andersen as a writer. He overwrote the manuscripts so that there was no room for corrections on them.

Then he wrote out these amendments on separate sheets of paper and carefully sewed them in with threads in the manuscript - put patches on it.

When Andersen was 14 years old, his father died, a shy shoemaker who enlisted as a soldier to save his family from poverty, and unremarkable except for the fact that he gave the world his son, a storyteller and poet. And he managed to do another big thing - he managed to go to the theater with his son. There, little Hans Christian saw for the first time a play with the romantic name "The Danube Maiden". He was stunned and has since become an avid theatergoer for life. There was no money for the theatre. Then the boy replaced the real performances with imaginary ones. He made friends with the poster-poster and began to help him, and for this he received one poster for each new performance.

He brought the poster home, climbed into the corner and, after reading the title of the play, immediately invented his own breathtaking play. The deliberation went on for several days. In these performances, he was the author and actor, musician and artist, illuminator and singer.

It was one side of his life. The other one didn't look so attractive. The mother, a kind but unhappy woman, came to the conclusion that her son had learned to read and write - and that was enough for him. For a while, the boy works in a garment factory, but can't stand it. cruel morals.

There were people in the town who could change the fate of the boy, but they do not see the need to help him learn, but advise him to do some useful work. But young Andersen seems to know something about himself that makes him stubborn and intractable.

He cannot sit idly by - he walks among the rich and instead of alms asks for books to read, eagerly reads them and, as if nothing had happened, comes for new ones. It costs him nothing in the middle of the street to enter into a conversation with some gentleman known for his education and in front of everyone to talk with him, as if with an equal. And the small theater in Odense will become his second home.

It must be said that the disasters that befell Hans Christian did not harden him, but made him sensitive for life, responsive to other people's sorrow.

In the end, a young man who knows his own worth decides that the town is too small for him - it's time for him to go to the capital.

The poor mother is afraid to let her son go. But she knows how bad it is to be pale and how good it would be if her son learned to be a tailor and began to earn money. He, too, is crying, but firmly holds a bundle with several coins and festive clothes in his hands. There is also a notebook in which, with monstrous errors, his first works are written in large letters.

To the mother's question: "Why?" replies, "To become famous."

On a small ship, he sailed to the mainland and by evening reached the capital on foot. Alas, Copenhagen did not greet him at the first meeting. In those days, the gates of the city were closed at night and Hans Christian spent the night right on the ground.

What did he expect when he arrived in the capital? Behind shoulders - only 14, in a pocket - a few coins. But he has one trump card - the holy, sometimes even similar to megalomania, conviction that he is talented. Only he has not yet figured out what is most interesting to him, what talent is the most important in him. At first he considered himself a singer, then a dancer, playwright, poet.

Almost on the first day of his stay in the capital, he comes to the house of a famous dancer and from the threshold tells her that he decided to devote his life to ballet. Without giving the mistress of the house to come to her senses, he takes off his shoes with the words: “I’m afraid that I won’t be airy enough in boots,” and starts dancing. When the ballerina found the gift of speech, she praised him for his diligence, but refused to help. This upset Hans Christian, but did not stop him from going to the director of the capital's theater the next day and offering his services as an actor. He promises to play any tragic role well. The director did not have the courage to tell the young man that with his ridiculous appearance he would turn a tragedy into a comedy. And only sadly remarks: “You are too thin for acting.” “It's not a problem! - warmly reassures him

Hans Christian. “If you give me a good salary, I will recover quickly.”

Each failure only whips him up, increases his spiritual strength tenfold. He, when politely, when with irritation, is escorted out of the door, and he climbs out the window, in full accordance with the well-known proverb.

It is not easy for people with Andersen. At first, he arouses in them a barely contained discontent, but after a minute or two, an unaccountable sympathy. “The huge forces driving this fiery soul directly influenced people, like a radiation from which it was impossible to hide,” writes one of the biographers. - No one could resist the sincerely kind, touching eyes and get rid of naive importunity. He was in dire need of help, it was a matter of life. He was sure that he deserved this help and that Denmark was created to help him. It was impossible to push him away ... "

In the meantime, he writes and carries his works wherever possible. And he writes everything - poems, plays, stories, essays. Flipping through these pages, the editors wince. Some kind of nonsense, a wild mishmash of styles and terrible spelling. But suddenly something pure, unbearably bright sparkles in the stream of words. Only one or two pages, but they are clearly written by a divine hand!

A little time passed and Andersen became known throughout Copenhagen. And in what circles! He is received at home, his fate is dealt with by the king's adviser, a retired admiral, famous artists, singers.

Soon, as a young man capable of glorifying Denmark, he would be reported to the king himself. All these important people are concerned with giving Andersen a good education. At the age of 17, he again sat at a desk next to little boys, and five years later became a student at the University of Copenhagen.

Don't you think that all this is very similar to a fairy tale? When Hans Christian wrote his autobiography, he called it “The Tale of My Life”. But to be honest, this Long story didn't feel like a fairy tale adventure.

He lives in his fictional world and this world seems to him more interesting and more real than what is happening around. And is it up to conjugation of verbs or multiplication tables to him?

The rector of the gymnasium passionately disliked the overgrown student. Like an evil turkey, he incessantly pecks and poisons the "ugly duckling", calling him in front of everyone either a freak, or a bum, or a scribbler.

Lonely, slandered by everyone, Hans Christian now yearns for the island of Funen, from which he once fled. At every opportunity, he visits the unfortunate drinking mother and sheds tears of pity for her and for himself.

In short, the years of study at the gymnasium would be the time when Denmark and all of us could lose Andersen as a person, as a writer. Fortunately, all attempts to cut him one size fits all were unsuccessful.

After several years of difficult and humiliating teaching, mental confusion and painful searches, in the twenty-third year of his life, the first, truly Andersen's book, A Walk to Amager Island, was published. In this book, Andersen decided to finally release "the motley swarm of his fantasies" into the world.

A slight thrill of admiration passed through Denmark. The future was becoming clear. The largest book publishers in Europe compete among themselves for the right to be the first to print his next book. The King of Denmark himself considers it an honor to receive him at his residence. In his native Odense, the townspeople and authorities will organize a torchlight procession and fireworks in his honor. And he, for the very first meager fee from his books, rushes on a trip to Europe.

Twenty-nine times he left the limits home country going on a trip. They say that while in Scotland, he left his cane in the hotel. The owner attached a note to it with the following address: "To the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen." And imagine, a cane was accepted at the post office and delivered to an absent-minded owner.

With all this, Andersen's writer's fate is tragic. He devotes most of his life and strength to what will make him famous person, and only

a small share to that which will immortalize his name. It's about about his tales and stories.

Once, in childhood, Andersen asked his father what a fairy tale was. He replied: “If the fairy tale is real, it perfectly combines real life and the one to which we aspire.

He has been writing fairy tales for a long time, but he considers them just as literary fun. Only in 1835, already 30 years old, he finally wrote on a piece of paper: “A soldier was walking along the road: one or two! One-two!” It was a fairy tale "Flint".

The first collection, entitled "Tales Told to Children", came out simultaneously with the novel "The Improviser". The novel quickly gained attention, and large articles were devoted to it. “But how do my fairy tales diverge? After all, I also pinned some hopes on them, ”Andersen asked the publisher.

“How can I tell you… Someone is buying. But don't expect much success. It's still rubbish."

To tell the truth, when fairy tales appeared on bookstores in the Danish capital, everyone was amazed. Nobody has ever read anything like it. What strange characters! The princess rides around on a dog, and the other princess is distinguished by extraordinary hard work and dedication. Where did the respect for important people go in fairy tales! His king is completely naked. His heroes flaunt not in magical seven-league boots, but in ordinary waterproof ones or in galoshes.

He was reproached for falling into childhood ahead of time. And only one of his publishers was more astute than the others, saying: "Fairy tales will make your name immortal."

Andersen himself made a remarkable discovery for himself. It turned out that fairy tales do not need to be composed. They just need to be awakened. “I have a lot of material,” he wrote, “sometimes it seems to me that every fence, every little flower says: “Look at me and you will see the history of the whole

of my life! And as soon as I do this, I have a story about any of them ready.

After the first collection, the next one appears - "New Tales", then the collection "History" (in fact, also fairy tales) and, finally, "New Tales and Stories".

Not to list all the fairy tales that Andersen wrote. It is hardly necessary. But thanks to him, we are less likely to be deceived when we see "naked kings" in front of us; we believe more in the power and disinterestedness of love, such as that of Gerda or the Little Mermaid; we appreciate the loyalty and selflessness of the tin soldier; understand the little whims of the princess and the pea; we do not rely on a wonderful flint, but we believe in ourselves more.

To the whole arrogant, self-satisfied world, where the piggy bank reigns, Andersen opposes another world - labor, inspiration and courage.

Little Gerda, the ugly duckling, a toy tin soldier on one leg, Eliza from the Wild Swans, the Little Mermaid - all these are examples of perseverance, strong will and a tender heart.

A real miracle will happen to Andersen as a writer: all the shortcomings inherent in his large works will become virtues in small fairy tales. In truth, Andersen's fairy tales are not in the full sense of a fairy tale. Rather, it is a genre that has not come up with a more accurate name. Andersen has not only people, but also animals, things, trees, sea waves and clouds - everyone thinks, rejoices, suffers, envy, dances. He humanizes, animates the whole world. And he did not need a magic wand for this at all.

The charm of Andersen's fairy tale is that the magical suddenly becomes everyday, recognizable: the king of the forest cleans his golden crown, the old witch wears a blue checkered apron, and the fairy-tale king himself and children unlock the gates in bad weather.

With the key of Andersen's fantasy, real miracles are revealed. What could be more prosaic than kitchen utensils, a darning needle, a box of matches, a rusty street lamp?

And we listen to how they gossip, argue, rejoice and grieve and laugh or cry with them ...

And how wonderful the beginnings of fairy tales are, so different from the traditional "once upon a time". Remember:

1. Far, far away, in the country where the swallows fly away from us for the winter, there lived a king. (Wild Swans)

2. Let's start! When we reach the end of our history, we will know more than we do now. ( The Snow Queen)

3. In the open sea, the water is completely blue, like the petals of the most beautiful cornflowers, and transparent, like clear glass. (Mermaid)

4. It was good for the city! (Ugly duck)

5. A soldier was walking along the road: one-two! One-two! (Flint)

In Andersen's fairy tales, happy is not the one who lived his life for himself, but the one who brought joy and hope to people. Happy is the rose bush that brings new roses to the world every day, and not the snail that clogs up in its shell. And of the five peas - not the one that swelled in musty water, but the one that grew and gave green sprouts.

But if in The Ugly Duckling, whose autobiography is beyond doubt, its prototype eventually turns into “the most beautiful of the most beautiful birds”, then Andersen himself, even after he ascends to the top of world fame, has remained unattractive as he was. man. And life will give him a good beating more than once.

One day, returning to Copenhagen from another trip abroad, he will hear one Dane say to another behind his back: “Look, our famous orangutan has returned!” We must pay tribute to Andersen: he treated the talk about his appearance with good irony. But still, rather than appearance, but the complexes that arose in childhood, left their mark on his relationship with women.

The first girl who captured his imagination was the sister of his school friend. She is beautiful, dark-eyed, her name is Riborg. And she, which is especially important for Hans Christian, knows his poems.

A hurricane of love experiences burst into his soul. But he is horrified by the thought that he will have to leave literature. He could starve, dress poorly, live in an attic, but he could not stop writing. But in vain he does not sleep at night and suffers. Riborg has long been in love with another, she just accepted the love of a poor poet.

His tender friendship with Louise Collin was stopped not even because Andersen was poor, but because he did not have a solid position in society and prospects for the future.

Then, having met on his way Jenny Lind, an outstanding Swedish singer, he will be ready to make any sacrifices. The brilliant Dane has finally found the princess of his heart. Once in Berlin, he dared to invite her to his hotel room on Christmas Eve, prepared a festive table. But beautiful Jenny did not come. And when he, meeting her later, asked why, she laughed and said that she had forgotten about the invitation.

One researcher wrote: “It was probably very strange for Andersen to live among ordinary people ...” Probably, not only strange, but a little scary, a little more offensive and very lonely.

Millions are read by Andersen, but few can stand him as a person. At times, the closest people avoid meeting with him, but more often he does it himself. He suffers from severe resentment, suspicious and sometimes unbearably serious. More than once, being in a circle of friends and misunderstanding someone's words, he silently leaves with a face gray with grief. He perceived each critical line about himself as a dig. And all his life he believed that Denmark was the only country where he was not understood and appreciated.

Strangeness in it - too much for one person. His explosive temperament, heightened emotionality often confuse sedate Danes. But with whom he always feels good is with children. Having never known what fatherhood is, he strives to visit families with many children more often. He captivates them with everything - high growth,

Yes, fate has prepared for him an unenviable lot: to be in the public eye, have many friends and at the same time remain lonely all his life.

From the first to the last days of his independent living he lives in hotels, rents private apartments, stays with friends for a long time. Of course, it's good to be with friends, but still not at home.

Two months before his death, he read in one of the newspapers that his fairy tales were among the most books read in the world.

Andersen died in 1875. He died long and hard. He had liver cancer. And from pain and a sense of doom, he often sits at the window all day long, looks out into the street and cries silently. And with one of his friends he shared his dream: “Oh, how I would like to see at least one eye at my funeral!”

And what would he see if such a miracle happened to him? That he, a former ragamuffin from the island of Funen, is being buried by all of Denmark; that the Danish king himself and his family stand at his coffin; that ministers, generals, foreign ambassadors, scientists, artisans, artists will come to say goodbye to him, and in the port, flags of ships will be half-mast as a sign of mourning.

Remember an old house in which Andersen's childhood passed? If the rich people from Odense, laughing at the eccentric boy, had been told that this modest house would become the city's main attraction, they would never have believed it. Andersen's things are carefully stored here: an old frock coat and a shabby travel bag, intricate paper cutouts and books designed by him ... And, of course, books from all over the world - fairy tales in different languages.

By the way, we read and re-read our favorite fairy tales and do not think at all about who makes them sound great in Russian, as if they were written in our native language.

Take a look at the last page of any collection and everywhere you will see - "A.V. Ganzen's translation." But our grandmothers and even great-great-grandmothers read them. The first translations with this name appeared in 1894.

It is curious that the Dane Peter Emmanuel Hansen, who became Peter Hansen in Russia, in his youth as an actor at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen, personally knew Andersen. Having settled in Russia, he, together with his wife Anna Vasilievna, took up a lot of work - translating and publishing the works of the great storyteller. Contemporaries spoke of this work as follows: "Andersen's fragrant poetry for the first time appeared to readers in all its enchanting charm."

The fame of the storyteller has stood the test of time. Andersen's name is one of the first in the list of the most popular writers.

There is a monument in the Royal Garden in Copenhagen. Bronze Andersen sits with a book in his hands, surrounded by successive generations of his faithful readers. One of the writer's favorite heroines, the Little Mermaid, has become a symbol of the Danish capital. And in his hometown Next to the monument to the writer stands the sculpture "Wild Swans".

We have a lot of fairy-tale books, including Andersen's books. You have read them and will continue to read them many times. After all, he himself was sure that the deep meaning of fairy tales and stories is available only to an adult.

Many of them you know so well that you can answer the quiz questions.

1. What was the name of the boy who was hit in the eye and in the heart by fragments of the devil's mirror? (Kai, "Snow Queen")

2. What has the ugly duckling become? (In the swan "Ugly duckling")

3. What birds did the eleven royal sons turn into? (In Swans "Wild Swans")

4. Who was the son of the old pewter spoon? (Tin soldier)

5. Name a fairy tale in which a dog helps a soldier become a king. ("Flint")

6 . How many tin soldiers were given to the boy? (25 "The Steadfast Tin Soldier")

7. What plant did Eliza use to weave shirts for her brothers? (From the nettle "Wild swans")

8 . Who guarded the chests with silver and gold? (Dogs "Flint")

9. What fabric were the two deceivers weaving in the fairy tale "The King's New Clothes"? (none)

10. What did the Little Mermaid like to do the most? (listen to stories about people)

11 . In which fairy tale and how did the queen guess that the girl who came to the palace was a princess? (With the help of a pea)

Lost and found. Who owns these items?

1. Umbrella (Ole Lukoye)

2. Pea (Princess "Princess and the Pea")

3. Sledge (Kaiu "The Snow Queen")

4. Walnut shell (Thumbelina)

5. Paper boat (Soldatik "The Steadfast Tin Soldier")

6. Nettle (Elise "Wild Swans")

7. White and red roses (Gerde and Kai "The Snow Queen")

8. Musical pot (Prince "Swineherd")

Andersen assured everyone that he had lived an extraordinary and happy life.

“It doesn’t matter to appear in a duck’s nest if you hatched from a swan egg,” he wrote. The legend of the good storyteller was created by the talent of the writer himself, which is why it has not died for more than 200 years.

Famous storytellers

Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)

More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright.

WITH early childhood Hans was a visionary and a dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early.

His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he was already playing minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen.

Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day.

Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and many others.

Charles Perrault (1628-1703)

The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works.

In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created.

As for the most famous works, few people did not read in childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837)

Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse.

Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a privileged educational institution), was friends with others famous poets, including the "Decembrists".

In the life of the poet, there were both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38.

But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda”.

Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures.

Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother.

The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist.

Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)

The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language.

In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism

It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each piece special. Most famous fairy tales: "Mistress of the Copper Mountain", "Silver Hoof", "Malachite Box", "Two Lizards", "Golden Hair", "Stone Flower".

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent.

The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America.

When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded Nobel Prize- and to this day he remains the youngest writer-laureate in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, "The Jungle Book", the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: -

- “A cat that walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get a hump?”, “How did a leopard get its spots”, they all tell about distant countries and are very interesting.

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)

Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented person: composer, artist, writer, storyteller.

He was born in Koningsberg when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: the older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother, Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst has always been a mischievous and dreamer, he was often called a "troublemaker."

Interestingly, next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, there was a women's boarding house, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even began to dig a tunnel to get to know her. When the manhole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered to fill up the passage. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death there would be a memory of him - and it happened, his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous ones are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.

Alan Milne (1882-1856)

Who among us does not know the funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? - The author of these funny tales is Alan Milne.

The writer spent his childhood in London, he was a well-educated man, then he served in the Royal Army. The first bear stories were written in 1926.

Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to educate him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult.

The books have been translated into 25 languages ​​and enjoy great success in many countries around the world. In addition to stories about Winnie the Pooh known fairy tales "Princess Nesmeyana", "Ordinary Fairy Tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)

Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent.

As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way.

In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales.

The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".

Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871)

This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and explored it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research.

Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called a “folk book”, because more than one generation has grown up on them.

The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.

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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse. Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a privileged educational institution), and was friends with other famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. In the life of the poet, there were both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda.”

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Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950) The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author's 60th birthday was the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" published, which brought people's love to Bazhov. It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each work special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.

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Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945) Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent. As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way. In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales. The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".

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Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871) This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and studied it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called a “folk book”, because more than one generation has grown up on them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.

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Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and others.

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Charles Perrault (1628-1703) French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault was afraid that the storyteller's reputation could damage his career. In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in their childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.

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Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jakob (1785-1863) Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother. The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.

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Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer-winner in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, The Jungle Book, the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: the leopard got his spots”, they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.

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Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822) Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented person: composer, artist, writer, storyteller. He was born in Koningsberg when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: the older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother, Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst has always been a mischievous and dreamer, he was often called a "troublemaker." Interestingly, next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, there was a women's boarding house, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even began to dig a tunnel to get to know her. When the manhole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered to fill up the passage. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death there would be a memory of him - and it happened, his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous ones are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.

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Alan Milne (1882-1856) Who among us does not know the funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? - The author of these funny tales is Alan Milne. The writer spent his childhood in London, he was a well-educated man, then he served in the Royal Army. The first bear stories were written in 1926. Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to educate him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult. The books have been translated into 25 languages ​​and enjoy great success in many countries around the world. In addition to the stories about Winnie the Pooh, the fairy tales "Princess Nesmeyana", "An Ordinary Tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others are known.

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October 21, 1896 was born Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz - a writer, playwright, who retold old fairy tales for us in a new way and composed his own, no less fascinating.

Yevgeny Schwartz did not immediately enter great literature. After spending his childhood in Maikop (LINK: which he often mentioned), after graduating from the gymnasium in 1914, he entered the law faculty of Moscow University. However, the creative nature of the future writer yearned for a different kind of activity. The young man became interested in theater. His acting career at the Theater Workshop of Rostov-on-Don did not last long: from 1917 to 1921. Then - moving to Petrograd and the beginning literary activity. Evgeny Schwartz first served as a secretary for K. Chukovsky, then collaborated in the children's magazines "Chizh" and "Ezh". At this time, he closely converged with the "Serapions". Never becoming a member of the "brotherhood", he often attended their meetings as a guest. Perhaps communication with these enthusiasts of the pen prompted Schwartz to create his own works, which today can compete in popularity with the works of the "serapions" themselves. In 1923, the first feuilletons and satirical poems of the writer appeared in the newspaper Kochegarka, published in the city of Bakhmut. At the same time, together with M. Slonimsky, he organized the Zaboy magazine.

The first separate book by Schwartz - a collection of poems "The Story of an Old Balalaika" - appeared only in 1925. Inspired by this successful debut, the writer dedicated a fairy tale for the theater "Underwood" to children, the play "Treasure" (about "young scouts of the national economy").

But the pinnacle of his work, undoubtedly, was the transcriptions of Andersen's stories: "The Princess and the Swineherd", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Cinderella", "The Snow Queen", on which more than one generation of children grew up. Under the pen of Schwartz, the characters do not just become more "alive". They are organically combined with the real world. The author combines fairy-tale poetics with some everyday details and does it so skillfully that the viewer, the reader unconditionally accepts the characters, not at all doubting their authenticity. The usual fairy-tale stereotypes are changing, and everyone agrees with the new conditions of fairy-tale life. And in this regard, the merit of Schwartz as an innovator in the retelling of fairy tales is invaluable. “And put on a crown!” - the stepmother is indignant at the king. Such behavior “in the manner of Aunt Marusya from a neighboring yard” is not typical fairy tale characters but how such details enliven the action! The king from the same “Cinderella” is not a majestic monarch sitting on a throne, but an ordinary person who simply works as a king for Schwartz and talks about his “professional” problems: “Here, for example, Puss in Boots. Nice guy, smart, but when he comes, he will take off his boots and sleep somewhere by the fireplace. Or, for example, Boy-with-Thumb. Well, he plays hide and seek for money all the time. Try and find him. It's a shame! Is this the pathos of a crowned person?! This is just the “harsh everyday life” of royal life.

It is not known whether the rise of fascism to power led Schwartz to create a wonderful trilogy (The Naked King, Shadow, Dragon) or whether it simply became a continuation of Andersen's retellings. Yes, however, and no matter what served as an incentive to write these plays. There is no doubt that they occupy a place among the best anti-fascist, anti-dictatorial works.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Yevgeny Schwartz became an active fighter against fascism. In 1941, his play Under the Lindens of Berlin was published (in collaboration with M. Zoshchenko). He led radio chronicles, for which he wrote articles, stories, songs, feuilletons, and poems.

In 1944, work begins on the most personal, confessional work, the composition of which took ten years. The name changed several times: "Bear", "Merry Wizard", "Obediant Wizard", "Mad Bearded Man", "Naughty Wizard" ... Until, finally, it turned out elegantly and simply - "Ordinary Miracle". The play was staged in many theaters of the country - and each time with the same success. Some critics accused the author of something for which he would now be acclaimed - apathy. Yes, his heroes are most often far from any political ideas. And this is the merit of the master.

Eternal truths are out of politics, out of time. They are the laws according to which normal human relationships should develop, according to which good always wins, truth triumphs, and scoundrels get what they deserve. The triumph of these laws is the goal of any normal society. Their observance should be the norm of life. And their heralds are worthy of glory.

One of these heralds was Yevgeny Lvovich Schwartz...