The rest of the faces in the drama are surprisingly full and vital. All of them are new, but some of them shine with special novelty in our literature. For example, Kuligin, a self-taught mechanic, or a lady with two lackeys. The latter, however, stops our attention not as a person, not as a character: it is only outlined by the author. It strikes you, rather, at the thought of bringing such a face to the stage and giving it a certain meaning. In fact, without him, the drama would be somehow incomplete. She would lose some colors, very necessary for the general tone of the picture.
Kuligin another thing. He is one of the main supporting characters in the play. Although he appears to us only from one side, from the side of a good-natured and dreamer, the author nevertheless puts a lot of life into him. He is remembered for his cuteness. On the stage you meet him with pleasure, you say goodbye to him with regret. This is a self-taught mechanic, a poet at heart, a dreamer. He looks for a perpetuum mobile and raves about it, admires the beauties of nature and recites Lomonosov's poems, starts philanthropic undertakings like sundials and lightning rods, and he is persecuted for this, and he is happy for it. Good people love him, but he escapes the evil ones in his perpetuum mobile, in his lightning rods - look for him there. His character is related to the character of Katerina. And he, in all likelihood, not without storms and not without heart wounds, lived to gray hair. And it is bitter for him to live among people who do not understand him and for whom he is "an antique, a chemist." But he has a perpetuum mobile, which Katerina did not have - if only he could "get some money on a model", and he will certainly find a perpetuum mobile. And when he finds it, he will receive a whole million rubles from the British and do something good. In the meantime, it’s better for you and don’t talk about this mobile: he will immediately slip away from you, either because he is already tired of talking with the profane about this, or he is simply afraid of disbelief and ridicule. Probably afraid.
Along with the old woman Kabanova, an elderly, callous and terrible formalist woman, stands another tyrant, an eminent face of the town, wealthy merchant of the Wild Uncle Boris. A face captured in an unusually artistic way. He is always fooling around and getting angry, but not because he was naturally angry. On the contrary, he is a wet chicken. Only family members tremble before him, and even then not all. Curly, one of his clerks, knows how to talk to him; that word, and this ten. Wild is afraid of him. When, in the first scene of his appearance, Boris answered him rather sharply, he only spat, and left. He is angry because a bad custom has started: all his workers need money and everyone climbs to him for them. Don’t even stutter about his salary: “With us, no one even dare to utter a word about salary,” says Kudryash, “he scolds what the world is worth. You, he says, how do you know what I keep in mind? maybe I will come to such an arrangement that five thousand ladies will be given to you. Only he had never come to such a position before. He also gets angry not because he could be angry all the time, because his bile spilled every now and then or his liver was spoiled. No, and so, for a warning, so that they don’t ask for money under an angry hand. It is not even easy for him to get angry; he will take into his head the suspicion that today they will ask him for money, so he finds fault with his family, boil his blood and go for the whole day: he will set such a joke that everyone is hiding from him in the corners and money, maybe not will be asked. He likes to drink, and if a Russian person drinks, then he is not an evil person.
Another thing is the old woman Kabanova. This exact woman with character. The same beliefs that poetic soul Katerinas evoke such bright images, they have completely dried up the already dry heart of the old woman by nature. Life has nothing living for her: for her it is a series of some strange and absurd formulas, before which she reveres and urgently wants others to revere them. Otherwise, in her opinion, the light will turn upside down. The most insignificant act in life is understandable for her and is permissible only in this case, if it takes the form of a certain ritual. Saying goodbye, for example, to a wife and husband, is not something as simple as everyone says goodbye. Save God; she has various ceremonies about this incident in which no place is given to feeling. A wife, after seeing off her husband, cannot simply cry and mourn in her room: in order to maintain decency, it is necessary to howl, so that everyone hears and praises. “I really love, dear girl, to listen, if someone howls well!”, - says the wanderer Feklusha (here is another main person in this drama).
Meanwhile, the old woman Kabanova also cannot be called an evil woman. She loves her son very much, but is jealous of his daughter-in-law. She sharpens everyone in the house: she has such a habit of sharpening, and most importantly, she is convinced that this is how the house is held together and that as soon as she stops keeping order, the whole house will fall apart. She looks at her son and daughter-in-law as children who cannot be released from custody. There will be no order then, they will get completely confused "to the obedience, but to the laughter of good people." In one of her monologues (appearance VI, act II) she draws herself very aptly and sharply:
“But stupid people also want to go free: but when they go free, they get confused in obedience and laughter to good people. Of course, who will regret it, but everyone laughs more. they know how, and even, look, they will forget one of their relatives. Laughter and nothing more!
So that's what she's busy with, that's why she eats her son and daughter-in-law. True, she feels more than hostility towards the latter, but this is because, in her opinion, the son loves his wife more than her mother. This jealousy is very common in mothers-in-law. Pure in her opinion, in her life, which she narrowed down to the indispensable observance of various conditions and ceremonies of her life, she is inexorable to the weaknesses of others, and even more so to the weaknesses of her daughter-in-law; She only despises and admonishes the wild. He hates Katerina, but, again, not from anger, but from jealousy. She does not express the slightest pity at the sight of the poor drowned woman, but at the same time she is afraid for her son and does not let him go a step away from her. Kuligin in one place calls her a hypocrite. He is obviously wrong. She is not even a hypocrite, because she is sincere; at least the play does not show her to be cunning or hypocritical about her beliefs and habits.
In contrast to these two women, the third one is extremely bold and bold in the drama. female face - Varvara, daughter of the old woman Kabanova. This is a daring Russian girl, sometimes frank, sometimes sly, always cheerful, always ready to take a walk and have fun. And she loves, perhaps, the most daring guy in the town, Curly, the clerk Diky. This daring couple only makes fun of oppression and oppressors. Varvara seduces Katerina, arranges nightly dates for her and leads all the intrigue, but she is not the culprit of the disaster. Sooner or later, Katerina would have done the same without her. The barbarian in the play is needed only for Katerina's fate to be completed in a dramatic way (taking this word not in the sense of tragedy, but in the sense of a stage and entertainment). And in this respect, this person is necessary in the play. In general, in Mr. Ostrovsky's drama, all the characters, even the most secondary ones, are needed, because they are all entertaining, original and characteristic in the highest degree. Their dramatic processing is the height of perfection. Throw out one of them, the most insignificant, for example, even Feklusha, and it will seem to you that you have cut out a piece from the most lively part of the drama, and that the drama without this face does not represent a more harmonious whole. So the author was able to legitimize all these images.
Not only that, all faces new drama his faces are not in the least similar, they do not even in the least resemble the faces he has previously drawn. These are completely new characters and types. This quality of not being repeated anywhere, of deducing more and more new images with each new play, belongs, if we are not mistaken, among our contemporary writers, only to one Mr. Ostrovsky. If we consider his writings only from the side of types and characters<…>, then criticism will have to admit that it is not dealing with the Gostinodvorsky Kotzebue, not with a writer who can not be denied talent or speak about him carelessly, but with our most remarkable contemporary poet, possessing great creative power, which at present very few European writers can boast of.
<…>"Thunderstorm" is, without a doubt, one of his best [ Ostrovsky] works. In it, the poet took several new aspects from Russian life, which had not yet been opened before him. In this drama, in our opinion, he took a broader look at the life depicted by him and gave us from it full poetic images. If there are flaws in his play, they are completely redeemed by first-class beauties. In "Thunderstorm" new motives are heard, the charm of which is doubled precisely because they are new. Ostrovsky's gallery of Russian women has been adorned with new characters, and his Katerina, the old woman Kabanova, Varvara, even Feklusha will occupy a prominent place in it. In this play, we noticed another new feature in the talent of its author, although his creative methods remained the same as before. This is an attempt at analysis. It is difficult to judge by one work whether it is good or bad. We only doubt that analysis can get along with the dramatic form, which by its very nature is already alien to it. That is why we have not mentioned this until now. new feature in the drama of Mr. Ostrovsky. Perhaps we are mistaken in mistaking an accidental event for intention.
Dostoevsky M.M. ""Storm". Drama in five acts by A.N. Ostrovsky"
Open lesson within contextual learning technology
Theme: "The city of Kalinov and its inhabitants" in the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm".
Grade: 10
Lesson type: work with literary text.
Type of lesson - a workshop using contextual learning technology with access to creative work.
The purpose of the lesson: using the speech characteristics of the heroes, to consider how the "cruel morals" of the inhabitants of the city destroy the fate of the heroes.
Lesson objectives: to characterize the city of Kalinov;
To trace the system of social relations of the people of the "dark kingdom"
To promote the development of analytical, communicative and reflective culture, monologue and dialogic speech of students, the disclosure of their creative abilities
Equipment: drama by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm",
Presentation "City of Kalinov and its inhabitants";
Group work cards
Principle: "As many students as possible and as few teachers as possible"
Epigraph: Life is a kind of excess
It is spilled in the sultry air.
F.I. Tyutchev.
Stages / methods of the lesson | Intended activities of the teacher | Intended activity of the student |
Teacher's word. 2-3 min Organization of the class 2-3 min Introduction to the topic of the lesson Reception « Tour guide 5 minutes Formation of skills and abilities. Group work. 20 minutes problem question 2-3 min | Dear friends. With special excitement I pick up the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" .. which I.S. Turgenev called "the most magnificent, most talented work of the mighty Russian talent." More than a century and a half has passed, and readers are still arguing about the issues raised by the writer: about the strength and weakness of Katerina, Kuligin’s statement about “Cruel Morals” sounds relevant and modern. You read the text ... relationships between people are the most difficult ... Statement of the question of the lesson and the formulation of the goal. To get to know life from the inside, let's take a closer look at the city where our heroes live. A classic example comes to mind. Chichikov to...How is the city of Kalinov shown?Getting to know the city Imagine yourself as a tour guide who allowed us to visually seeown city of Kalinov,immersed in greenery, as it is depicted in the play. Well done ex. So, let's enter the city of Kalinov from the side of the public garden. Let's stop for a minute, look at the Volga, on the banks of which there is a garden. Beautiful! Eye-catching! So Kuligin also says: “The view is extraordinary! Beauty! The soul rejoices! People probably live here peaceful, calm, measured and kind. Is it so? Let's turn to the main method of revealing the character of the characters - speech characteristic Let's listen to what people say about the mores of the city. Coordinates the work of groups, helps to draw conclusions. Guys, why didn't they include Boris and Katerina in the conversation? I don’t know anything here, but your orders, no customs .. (Boris) Why don't people fly like birds? I don't understand what you are saying. (Barbara) The acquaintance is over. What conclusion did our communication with the characters of the play lead us to? And as a result of the actions of Kabanova and Dikoy: The results of the actions of these heroes: The city of Kalinov is contradictory, ignorant Life in the city is a reflection of the situation when the old does not want to give up its positions and seeks to retain power by suppressing the will of others. Money gives the "masters of life" the right to dictate their will to the "victims". In a truthful display of such a life - the position of the author, calling to change it. | Making notes in a notebook Comment on the topic of the lesson and set goals. Presentation by student guides. Learners listen and complete. 1-2 students (We see its high fences, and gates with strong locks, and wooden houses with patterned shutters and colored window curtains lined with geraniums and balsams. We also see taverns where people like Dikoy and Tikhon go out in a drunken stupor. We see dusty Kalinovskaya streets where townsfolk, merchants and wanderers talk on benches in front of houses, and where sometimes a song is heard from afar to the accompaniment of a guitar, and behind the gates of houses a descent to a ravine begins, where young people have fun at night. pink bell towers and ancient gilded churches, where "noble families" dignifiedly stroll and where the public life this small merchant town. Finally, we see the Volga whirlpool, in the abyss of which Katerina is destined to find her last refuge. Work with text by filling out a table: Learners speak out. They are both strangers here. - the educated Boris is forced to adapt to the tyranny of the Wild in order to receive an inheritance. The boar is scarier than the Wild Boar, since her behavior is hypocritical. Wild is a scolder, a tyrant, but all his actions are open. The boar, under the guise of religion and concern for others, suppresses the will. She is most afraid that someone will live in their own way, by their own will. Ostrovsky showed a fictitious city, but it looks extremely authentic. The author saw with pain how politically, economically and culturally backward Russia was, how dark the population of the country was, especially in the provinces. |
Final reflection 2 minutes | What feelings, emotions aroused in you by talking about the city of Kalinovo and its inhabitants? | |
Conclusion on the topic of the lesson 2 minutes | Poetic and prosaic, sublime and mundane, human and animal - these principles are combined in the life of a provincial Russian town, but, unfortunately, darkness and oppressive melancholy prevail in this life, which N.A. Dobrolyubov, calling this world a "dark kingdom". This phraseological unit is of fabulous origin, but merchant world"Thunderstorms", we were convinced of this, is devoid of that poetic, enigmatic, mysterious and captivating, which is usually characteristic of a fairy tale. "Cruel morals" reign in this city, cruel, destroying all life in its path. "Nothing sacred, nothing pure, nothing right in this dark world: dominion over it tyranny, wild, insane, wrong, drove everything out of him consciousness of honor and rights…” (N. Dobrolyubov) | |
Organization of homework.2 min | As you continue our conversation at home and prepare for the next lesson, consider How does Katerina express her protest against cruel morals? | |
Application,
wild | Boar |
About him: | About her: |
Himself: | She herself: |
Conclusion. Wild - scolder, rude, petty tyrant; feels his power over people | Conclusion. The boar is a hypocrite, does not tolerate will and disobedience, acts with fear. under the guise of religion and concern for others, suppresses the will |
Wild.
- He's afraid, what, he's someone! He got Boris Grigoryevich as a sacrifice, so he rides him ... (Kudryash)
- Look for such and such a scolding as our Savel Prokofich! Will cut off a person for nothing. (Shapkin)
- A poignant man. (curly)
- There is no one to take him down, so he is fighting ... (Shapkin)
- How not to scold! He can’t breathe without it ... (Kurdryash)
- He will first break hell with us, outrage in every possible way, as his heart desires, but he will end up all the same by not giving anything ... (Boris)
- He has such a place. With us, no one even dare to utter a peep about a salary, scolds what the world is worth. (curly)
- They can’t please their own people in any way, but where can I ... (Boris)
- Who will please him, if his whole life is based on cursing? And most of all because of the money. Not a single calculation is complete without swearing. Another is glad to give up his own, if only he would calm down. And the trouble is, how in the morning someone will make him angry! He picks on everyone all day long. (curly)
- One word: warrior! (Shapkin)
- But the trouble is, when such a person offends him, whom he does not dare to scold, then hold on at home! (Boris)
- And the honor is not great, because you have been fighting with the women all your life ... (Kabanova)
- I'm surprised at you a lot: how many people you have in your house, but they can't please you alone. (Kabanova)
-There are no elders over you, so you are swaggering ... (Kabanova)
(Wild - a burly, burly merchant with a bushy beard, he is in a coat, oiled boots, stands on his hips, speaks in a low, deep voice ... He is known in the city as a rude and cruel person. Tyrant. His tyranny is based on the power of money, material dependence and the traditional humility of Kalinovites "Frankly shortchanges men. Conscious of his strength - this is the power of a money bag. Treasures every penny and gets annoyed when he meets Boris, who claims part of the inheritance. Material dependence is the basis of the relationship between the heroes of the play. Wild acts as a "hero" only in front of his subordinates: in fact, he Cowardly and cowardly. The speech of the Wild is rude, saturated with rude colloquial vocabulary and an abundance of curses: "A parasite! Damn you! ... Damn you! Why are you standing like a pillar! ... Fuck you! I'm talking to you - I don't want to be with a Jesuit!)
Boar.
- The Boar is also good! ... Well, yes, at least, at least, everything is under the guise of piety ... (Kurlyash)
- A hypocrite, sir! She clothes the poor, but eats the household completely. (Kuligin)
- You won’t respect you, how can ... (Barbara)
- ... what kind of unfortunate person am I born into the world that I can’t please you with anything (Tikhon)
- ... eats with food, does not allow passage ... (Tikhon)
- She sharpens him (Tikhon) now, like iron rusting ... Her heart is aching all the time that he walks on his own. Now she is giving him orders, one more menacing than the other, and then to the image - she will make him swear that he will do everything exactly as ordered. (Barbara)
-If mother sends, how can I not go. (Tikhon)
- Well, I’ll go pray to God, don’t bother me ... (Kabanova)
- Youth, what does it mean ... It's funny to even look at them! ... they don’t know anything, nor what order ... Well, whoever has elders in the house, they keep the house while they are alive. (Kabanova)
-They don’t really respect elders nowadays ... (Kabanova)
-If it wasn’t for my mother-in-law!.. She crushed me… she made me sick of the house; the walls are even disgusting ... (Katerina)
- ... many people, if only to take you, with virtues, as they are decorated with flowers: that's why everything is done cool and decently ... (Feklusha)
- We have nowhere to hurry, dear, we live slowly ... (Kabanova)
- Find me cheaper! And I love you! (Kabanova to Wild)
-Let's suppose that at least she has a husband and a fool, but her mother-in-law is painfully fierce ... (Kurdryash)
- Your mother is very cool. (Kuligin)
-Here, my mother says: she must be buried alive in the ground so that she will be executed! (Tikhon)
-Mother eats her, and she, like a shadow, walks unanswered ... (Tikhon)
- I would be fine, but mama ... can you talk to her ... (Tikhon)
- It must be said directly that from mother (Varvara ran away from home), therefore she began to tyrannize her and lock her up with a castle ... (Tikhon)
-my mother-in-law torments me, locks me up ... everyone laughs right in my eyes, they reproach you at every word ... (Katerina)
-Mama, you ruined her, you, you, you ... (Tikhon)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(A tall, overweight old woman, wearing an old-fashioned dress; holds himself straight, with dignity, walks slowly, sedately, speaks weightily, significantly. The imperious, despotic Kabanikha constantly sharpens the household. Kabanikha sees the Domostroy, consecrated by the old laws of life as the basis of the family. Kabanikha is convinced that if these laws are not observed, there will be no order. She speaks on behalf of an entire generation, constantly using moralizing phrases. Her image grows to a symbol of patriarchal antiquity. Relying on the authority of antiquity, Kabanikha widely uses folk phraseology, proverbs in his speech: “Why are you pretending to be an orphan? What did you nurse something dismissed? ”,“ Alien soul - darkness. A measured, monotonous character is given to Kabanikha’s speech by repetitions of words and phrases: “... if I didn’t see with my own eyes and didn’t hear with my own ears”, “... that the mother is grumbling, that the mother doesn’t let go, she shrinks from the light ...”.Households dependent on the Kabanikh have a different attitude to her teachings.)
Feklusha and other residents of the city.
-Yes, what can I say! Live in the promised land! And the merchants are all pious people, adorned with many virtues! Generosity and alms by many! (Feklusha)
- All in the fire will burn inextinguishable! Everything in resin will boil unquenchable! (Lady)
- Painfully, I love, dear girl, to listen, if someone howls well. (Feklusha)
-Who will sort you out, you are all riveting on each other ... everyone is quarreling, but you are perverting. (Glasha)
- And I, dear girl, am not absurd, I have no such sin. There is one sin for me… I like sweet food. (Feklusha)
-I ... didn’t go far, but to hear - I heard a lot ... (Feklusha)
-And then there is another land where all the people with dog heads ... For infidelity. (Feklusha)
-It's good that good people there is: no, no, yes, and you will hear what is happening in the world; otherwise they would die like fools. (Glasha)
- The last times, mother Marfa Ignatievna, the last, according to all signs, the last ... Here you are ... it’s rare that someone will go out to sit outside the gates ... but in Moscow there are amusement and games along the streets, there is a Hindu groan ... Yes, they began to harness the fiery serpent ... (Feklusha)
-Difficult times ... and time has already begun to diminish ... time is getting shorter ... for our sins it is getting shorter and shorter ... (Feklusha)
-What is Lithuania? - So it is Lithuania. - And they say, my brother, she fell on us from the sky ... - I don’t know how to tell you, from the sky, so from the sky .. (Citizens)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(The world of the city is motionless and closed: its inhabitants have a vague idea of their past and do not know anything about what is happening outside Kalinov. Feklusha's ridiculous stories create distorted ideas about the world among Kalinov residents, instill fear in their souls. She brings darkness into society ", ignorance. Together with Kabanova, she mourns the end of the good old times, condemns the new order. The new powerfully enters life, undermines the foundations of the house-building orders. Feklusha's words about " last times». Patriarchal world Kabanov and wild are living out their last days. Feklusha's life position predetermines the features of her speech. She strives to win over those around her, so the tone of her speech is insinuating, flattering. The obsequiousness of Feklusha is also emphasized by her saying "dear".
Tikhon Kabanov.
- Yes, how can I, mother, disobey you. (Boars)
-I, it seems, mother, not a single step out of your will ... (Kabanov)
- ... what kind of unfortunate such a person was born into the world that I can’t please you with anything ... (Kabanov)
- What are you pretending to be an orphan? What did you nurse something dismissed? Well, what kind of husband are you? Look at you! Will your wife be afraid of you after that. (Kabanova)
- Yes, I, mother, do not want to live by my own will. Where can I live with my will! (Boars)
-Fool! What to say with a fool, only one sin ... (Kabanova)
- Her mother attacks her, and so do you. And you say you love your wife. I'm bored looking at you. (Barbara)
-Know your business - be silent, if you don’t know how to do anything ... (Barbara)
- You've got me here completely! I don’t know how to break out, and you still impose on me. (Boars)
- With a kind of bondage, you will run away from whatever beautiful wife you want ... Whatever it is, I’m still a man ... live like this all my life ... so you will run away from your wife. Yes, as I know now that there will be no thunderstorm over me for two weeks, there are no shackles on my legs, so am I up to my wife? (Boars)
-And I love her, I'm sorry to touch her with my finger. He beat me a little, and even then my mother ordered .... So I'm killing myself, looking at her. (Boars)
- It's time for you, sir, to live by your own mind. (Kuligin)
-No, they say their mind. And, therefore, live as a stranger. (Tikhon)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(Tikhon only thinks about pleasing his mother, striving to convince her of his obedience. The plural address, the repeated word “mother” give his speech a derogatory character. He understands that, doing the will of his mother, he humiliates his wife. But Tikhon is a weak-willed person who comes to terms with the fierce temper of his mother.)
Kuligin.
-For fifty years I have been looking at the Volga every day, but I can’t get enough of everything ... Have you looked closely or don’t you understand what beauty is spilled in nature ... (Kuligin)
- You are an antique, a chemist ... (Curly)
-Mechanic, self-taught mechanic ... (Kuligin)
-What’s wrong with him (Dikova), take an example. It's better to be patient. (Kuligin)
-What to do, sir. You have to try to please somehow. (Kuligin)
- I did read Lomonosov, Derzhavin ... (Kuligin)
- I already get it, sir, for my chatter; Yes, I can’t, I like to scatter the conversation! (Kuligin)
- If only I, sir, could find a perpetu-mobile ... After all, the British give a million. I would use all the money for society, for support. Work must be given to the bourgeoisie. And then there are hands, but there is nothing to work. (Kuligin)
-After all, this ... is good for all the inhabitants in general ... (Kuligin)
- Why are you climbing to me with all sorts of nonsense ... What am I to you - even or something? (wild)
- I want to put my work for nothing ... Yes, everyone here knows me, no one will say bad things about me ... (Kuligin)
- I, sir, small man, offend me for a short time ... "And virtue is respected in rags." (Kuligin)
- There is nothing to do, you have to submit. (Kuligin)
- It's a pity to disappoint him! Which good man! Dreaming himself - and happy. (Boris)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(Kulignn speaks with pain about the “cruel morals” of the city, but advises “Pleasing somehow” petty tyrants. He is not a fighter, but a dreamer; his projects are unrealistic. He spends his strength on inventing a perpetual motion machine. old-fashioned speech He often uses Old Slavonic words and phraseological units, quotes from " Holy Scripture”: “the urgency of bread”, “there is no end to torment”, etc. He is faithful to Lomonosov and Derzhavin.)
Barbara and Kudryash.
- We don’t have a lot of guys like me, otherwise we would wean him to be naughty ... (Kurlyash)
“He smells with his nose that I won’t sell my head cheaply ... He’s scary to you, but I know how to talk to him.” (curly)
- I am considered a rude ... I am not afraid of him, but let him be afraid of me. (curly)
- Yes, I don’t let it go either: he’s the word, and I’m ten ... No, I won’t become a slave to him. (curly)
-It hurts dashingly for girls ... (Curly)
-What should I judge you, I have my own sins ... (Barbara)
-And what a hunt to dry something! Even if you die of anguish, they will pity you! ... So what a bondage to torment yourself! (Barbara)
I didn't know you were so afraid of thunderstorms. I'm not afraid here. (Barbara)
-And I was not a liar, but I learned when it became necessary ... (Barbara)
- And in my opinion, do what you want, if only it was sewn and covered. (Barbara)
- Walk until your time comes. Still sitting around. (Kabanova)
- Varvara was sharpened and sharpened by her mother, but she could not stand it, and she was like that, - she took it and left ... They say with Kudryash, she ran away with Vanka, and they will also not find him anywhere ... from mother, therefore she began to tyrannize her and lock her up. “Don’t lock it up,” he says, “it will get worse.” That's how it happened. (Boars)
Approximate characteristics performed by students:
(Varvara is convinced that you cannot live here without pretense. She sneers at her mother, condemns her. There is no true poetry in the love of the barbarian and Kudryash, their relationship is limited. Varvara does not love, but only “walks.” The author depicts the “free” behavior of young people. )
Kuligin - character characteristic
Kuligin is a character who partially performs the functions of an exponent of the author's point of view and therefore is sometimes referred to as a hero-reasoner, which, however, seems to be incorrect, since in general this hero is certainly distant from the author, quite detached is depicted, as an unusual person, even somewhat outlandish. In the list actors it is said about him: "a tradesman, a self-taught watchmaker, looking for a perpetuum mobile." The name of the hero transparently hints at a real person - I. P. Kulibin (1755-1818), whose biography was published in the journal of the historian M. P. Pogodin "Moskvityanin", where Ostrovsky collaborated.
Like Katerina, K. is a poetic and dreamy nature (thus, it is he who admires the beauty of the Trans-Volga landscape, complains that the Kalinovs are indifferent to him). He appears, singing "Among the flat valley ...", a folk song of literary origin (to the words of A. F. Merzlyakov). This immediately emphasizes the difference between K. and other characters associated with folklore culture, he is also a bookish man, although of rather archaic bookishness: he tells Boris that he writes poetry “in the old way ... I read Lomonosov, Derzhavin after all ... The wise man was Lomonosov, the tester of nature ... ". Even the characterization of Lomonosov testifies to the erudition of K. precisely in old books: not a “scientist”, but a “sage”, “tester of nature”. “You are an antique, a chemist,” Kudryash tells him. "Self-taught mechanic," corrects K. K.'s technical ideas are also an obvious anachronism. The sundial, which he dreams of installing on Kalinovsky Boulevard, came from antiquity. Lightning rod - technical discovery XVIII "Sw. If K. writes in the spirit of the classics of the XVIII "Schw., then his oral stories are sustained in even earlier stylistic traditions and resemble old moralizing stories and apocrypha ("and they will begin, sir, the court and the case, and there will be no end to the torment. Sued- they are suing here, but they will go to the province, and there they are already waiting for them, and splashing their hands with joy ”- the picture of judicial red tape, vividly described by K., recalls stories about the torment of sinners and the joy of demons). All these features of the hero, of course, are given by the author in order to show his deep connection with the world of Kalinov: he certainly differs from the Kalinovites, we can say that he is a “new” person, but only his novelty has developed here, inside this world , which gives birth not only to its passionate and poetic dreamers, like Katerina, but also to its “rationalist” dreamers, its own special, home-grown scientists and humanists.
The main business of K.'s life is the dream of inventing the Perpetu Mobile and getting a million from the British for it. He intends to spend this million on Kalinov's society - "the work must be given to the bourgeoisie." Listening to this story, Boris, who received modern education at the Commercial Academy, remarks: “It’s a pity to disappoint him! What a good man! Dreaming for himself - and happy. However, he is hardly right. K. is really a good person: kind, disinterested, delicate and meek. But he is hardly happy: his dream constantly forces him to beg for money for his inventions, conceived for the benefit of society, and it never occurs to society that there can be any benefit from them, for them K. is a harmless eccentric, something something like an urban holy fool. And the main of the possible "philanthropists" - Dikoy, completely lashes out at the inventor with abuse, once again confirming both the general opinion and Kabanikhe's own admission that he is not able to part with the money. Kuligin's passion for creativity remains unquenched; he pities his countrymen, seeing in their vices the result of ignorance and poverty, but he cannot help them in anything. So, the advice that he gives (to forgive Katerina, but in such a way that he never remembers her sin) is obviously impracticable in the Kabanovs' house, and K. hardly understands this. The advice is good, humane, because it comes from humane considerations, but does not take into account the real participants in the drama, their characters and beliefs.
With all your hard work, creative beginning his personality K. - a contemplative nature, devoid of any pressure. Probably, this is the only reason the Kalinovites put up with him, despite the fact that he differs from them in everything. It seems that for the same reason it was possible to entrust him with the author's assessment of Katerina's act. "Here's your Katherine. Do with her what you want! Her body is here, take it; and the soul is no longer yours: it is now before the Judge, who is more merciful than you!”
The play "Thunderstorm" is the most significant work of A. N. Ostrovsky. In it, he raises the most vividly trembling questions of his time, exposes colorful characters to the reader's judgment.
The list of actors of the "Thunderstorm" is small. These are the Kabanovs and the inhabitants of their house: the family of Wild Vanya Kudryash, Shapkin, Kuligin and several secondary characters.
Kuligin occupies a special place among the heroes. The reader is introduced to him at the very beginning of the play. Kuligin's image immediately attracts the reader's attention.
Kuligin is a tradesman, a self-taught watchmaker, but he knows how to feel beauty, he is poetic. Looking at the Volga, the hero exclaims with rapture: “The view is extraordinary! Beauty! ”, And the fact that he has been contemplating the Volga every day for fifty years now does not prevent him from enjoying its beauties. Kudryash calls Kuligin an antique, that is, a rare, extraordinary person. For the city of Kalinov, this hero is indeed an exceptional phenomenon. He compares favorably with many characters in the play, who will hardly ever appreciate the same charm of the Volga landscape.
Of great importance for revealing the character of Kuligin are his monologues. Ku-ligin angrily falls upon the Kalinov order. His words are filled with bitterness about the neglect of the poor people, about the cruel deception of honest workers, about squabbles between merchants who seek to harm a competitor by any means. The hero cruelly ridicules the inferiority of the inner world of the inhabitants of Kalinovka, who go out onto the boulevard with only one purpose: “to show outfits”. Kuligin does not spare the petty tyrants either: "They eat their own households and hurt their families." According to the hero, the main goal of the life of the Kalinovsky tyrant is “to rob orphans, relatives, nephews, to beat up household members so that they don’t dare to utter a word about anything that he does there.”
Kuligin has a poetic talent. For him, the undoubted authority is Lomonosov, who came out of the common people and with labor and diligence paved the way for great discoveries. Kuligin is well-read. He can put his thoughts into a poetic form. It's just that he lacks courage. “They will eat them, they will swallow them alive,” he says.
Kuligin sees great potential among the people. He appreciates his craftsmanship and regrets that the philistinism "has hands, but there is nothing to work with."
The hero is looking for a perpetuum mobile, but no one in Kalinov understands his aspirations, no one wants to support him. Kuligin passionately paints Dee-whom all the benefits that his ideas can bring. He is trying to impress on those who rip off the last penny from their employees the need to donate a certain amount "for society." The hero does not see that for Dikoy this is all "nonsense", and Kuligin himself is no more than a worm, who can be pardoned, or crushed. Kuligin believes in achieving his goals, he hopes for a miracle, that in the "dark kingdom" there will still be at least one "living" soul.
Much more perspicacious than Kuligin is Boris, who, in response to the words of the hero, only sighs: “It’s a pity to disappoint him!”
In vain does the hero try to explain to the “dark” Kalinovites both the “grace” of thunderstorms, and the charm of the northern lights, and the beauty of moving comets. He quotes Lomonosov to them, throws precious beads in all directions, not realizing that all this is in vain.
Tikhon, the son of Kabanova, Kuligin says that his mother is “painfully cool”, and Katerina is “better than anyone”, and that at his age it’s time to “live with your own mind”.
At Kuligin kind heart. To the disappointed Tikho-nu, he says that it is necessary to forgive the enemies, and having found the dead Katerina, he throws words in the face of the Kabanovs about their unmercifulness towards her.
According to N. Dobrolyubov, it was still impossible to rely on the Kuligins, who believe in the enlightening way of reorganizing life and trying to influence petty tyrants by the power of persuasion. These people only logically understood the absurdity of tyranny, but were powerless in the fight against it.
If only he unconsciously feels the beauty of nature, then Kuligin acts as her inspired singer. With his enthusiastic words about the beauty of the Volga, the action begins in. Kuligin ardently sympathizes with poor and unfortunate people, but he has neither the strength nor. funds to help them. .He only dreams of inventing a perpetual motion machine, getting a million for it and using this money to help those in need - "for the common good."
Condemning the inhuman morals of the "dark kingdom", he is afraid of decisive action. Curly, who answers Diky with rudeness for rudeness, ‘Kuligin advises: “From him, perhaps, to take an example! Better be patient." And he makes useless attempts to "enlighten", but in 'he hears only one answer - insults. This timidity of Kuligin is not his personal defect. He is also a victim of the "dark kingdom". Despite. consciousness and self-esteem, he cannot overcome the slavish obedience that has been brought up among the people for centuries. He says to Boris: “What to do, sir! You have to try to please somehow." The loneliness of the semi-educated Kuligin among the completely ignorant Kalinovites is typical of pre-reform Russia.
The playwright is also right in the fact that intelligent young people, people “expecting an inheritance”, are in no hurry to help the talents of the people. Boris knows that a perpetual motion machine is not feasible, and could explain this to Kuligin, but Kuligin's public interests are alien to Boris, he considers them empty dreams and prefers not to "disappoint" a good person.
In The Thunderstorm, according to I. A. Goncharov, “the picture of national life and customs subsided. with unparalleled artistic completeness and fidelity. The action of the play does not go beyond the limits of a family, domestic conflict, but this conflict is of great socio-political significance. was a passionate indictment of despotism and ignorance that reigned in pre-reform Russia, an ardent call for freedom and light.
Need a cheat sheet? Then save it - " Characteristics of the image of Kuligin in the drama "Thunderstorm". Literary writings!
Among the heroes of A. Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm" Kuligin is one of the key figures, although not the main one.
A self-taught mechanic, he really looks at the processes taking place in the town. Kuligin understands that changes are needed in life, that the foundations of the town are outdated and need to be changed, that the old world is crumbling before our eyes. But, unlike Katerina, his protest is manifested only in words. Outraged by the cruelty of rich people, hostility, hatred reigning around, he nevertheless advises to reconcile and somehow exist.
Indecision contributes to his timidity, and to Boris's proposal to openly expose the injustice taking place in Kalinov, he replies: "I already get it, sir, for my chatter."
At the same time, he is an incorrigible romantic and a dreamer. His poetic nature is manifested in his love for nature, the beauty of which brings poetic lines to him. The subtlety of his soul is evidenced by the fact that he reads poetry, sings songs, admires the surrounding beauty. His words "Delight! Miracles, beauty! The soul rejoices!" can only belong to a spiritually beautiful person. We do not know about his appearance, but inner beauty and understanding what is happening around makes this image positive.
At the beginning of the work, Kuligin sits on the bank and admires the beautiful Volga. He loves his town, its inhabitants and wants to do a lot for their prosperity. He worries that there are no lightning rods in the city, and frequent thunderstorms can harm him, dreams of making a sundial in the park, as well as inventing a perpetual motion machine and directing the money earned for the invention to improve the life of the city. But Kuligin's noble impulses cannot be realized for the simple reason that he is poor, he has no money for all this, and no one wants to help him in this. They simply ridicule his ideas, considering him a strange person.
Kuligin is unable to change the life of the city for the better, because he does not have like-minded people and is afraid to openly fight the old world. But the positivity of this image is that it does not belong to the dark part of the inhabitants of the town, realizing that a new time is coming.
Essay about Kuligin
The play "Thunderstorm" written by Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky tells about the inhabitants of the small town of Kalinovo, in which the permissiveness of the nobles goes beyond. No one is watching these landowners, and they are free to do whatever they want. Many peasants simply endure this, but others openly resent their behavior, and there are those who say this to the nobleman himself in person.
The first character in the play is Kuligin, a self-taught mechanic who is over 50 years old, enterprising, but at the same time dreamy. He sits and admires the boundless Russian nature, about which he tells Kudryash and Shapkin. They do not understand his joy, as they are immersed in ordinary everyday problems and local gossip. Comrades admire him, because he does not talk about trifles and can fight back, without force, but simply with words. Kuligin loves to create and create new things, he wants to improve the life of the city and give something great, but most often such dreams lead to loss and disappointment.
If the critic Dobrolyubov wrote in his critical article that Katerina is a ray of light in this dark kingdom, then Kuligin can be said to do this " dark kingdom' is not so gloomy. But at the same time, despite its bright beam, mechanics, like everyone else, have to endure all the city landlords and their cruel antics. If you recall Kudryash, who only verbally opposed the Wild and did not want to obey him, then Kuligin does not want to follow his example, he simply remains silent, enduring all the attacks. He rarely argues with other people above him in class, does not even try to express his personal opinion. He understands that if he gets into a fight, everything will only get worse, and if he just insults the debater, they can take him and cripple him. But most often, when Kuligin tries to resolve the dispute amicably, just in words between adults and children, his attempts remain a failure.
It is important to note what exactly he betrays, the main thoughts of the author and his opinion about certain things. It is he who says: "Cruel, sir, morals in our city, cruel! ...". He completely condemns lies and hypocrisy, selfishness. He does not understand why the nobles are so cruel to them all and do not want to help their neighbors, even to help in small things. They do everything for themselves and their loved ones, but they won’t even give a coin to their subordinates. Kuligin is not the main character of the work, the hero - the reasoner of the drama, but he can be considered one of the main characters in the entire play and drama. Just like Katherine main character drama, he fights for honor and justice, for the rights of ordinary peasants. Both of them fight for love and justice and are ready to lose a lot for this, and Kuligin himself betrays all the thoughts of the author.
3 option
In the play "Thunderstorm" by A. Ostrovsky there is one interesting hero Kuligin. He is not the main character. But, despite this, his image is interesting.
The man works as a mechanic. He learned his craft on his own. He is a realist and understands what is happening in their city. Kuligin wants to change his life and the life of the town as a whole. He believes that it is necessary to move on, and not stand still. In his opinion, the old foundations, according to which the inhabitants of the city lived, have long been outdated and it is necessary to come up with something new. He protests against the established system. He was outraged by the cruelty of people and the hatred that reigns around. But, all his protests ended with only words.
He is an indecisive man. His refusal to Boris testifies to his cowardice. The man invited Kuligin to expose the injustice that is happening in the city. But, Kuligin told him that he had already talked too much, and for this he had already got it more than once. All this confirms his cowardly nature.
The man was quite romantic. He loved to dream. At heart he was a poet. Kuligin was very fond of nature. She was his muse and inspiration. He wrote poems about the beauty of nature. He has a fine mental organization. He admires everything that surrounds him. He has good and beautiful soul. The author decided not to describe Kuligin's appearance. In the story, much attention is paid to revealing the inner world of the hero. In general, the image can be considered positive.
He likes to dream looking at the current Volga. He wants his city to develop and become better. Kuligin is worried about the fact that there is no lightning rod in the town. He is afraid that constant thunderstorms can greatly harm the city. He dreams of making some kind of discovery, and spending the money received as a reward on the needs of the town. But these are only his wishes, which are not destined to come true. He is poor. When he talks about his ideas to other people, they just laugh at him. A man's head is filled with only pure and kind thoughts.
Kuligin alone cannot change the established life in the city for the better. He doesn't have the energy or the money to do it. In fact, he is a poor man, but he has a very rich inner world. He has no people who would be with him at the same time. Kuligin wants to find like-minded people and fight them against the established system. This is a positive character. He does not do bad deeds and does not harm anyone. Kuligin dreams of a bright future and appreciates the beauty of nature.
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"according to plan
1. General characteristics. Kuligin is a self-taught mechanic from the play "Thunderstorm". The prototype of this character is the Russian inventor I.P. Kulibin, who became famous for his discoveries ahead of time.
Kuligin stands out sharply from the rest of the residents provincial town. He is well educated and not subject to the dark superstition that prevails among the townsfolk.
Kuligin's main life goal is to invent a perpetuum mobile. The idea of creating a perpetual motion machine was very popular in the 19th century. However, in working on this discovery, Kuligin is not guided by a thirst for fame or the opportunity to get rich.
He wants to spend the money prize for the invention of the perpetual motion machine to support the philistinism. Kuligin does not belong to the category of strict and self-contained scientists who have devoted their entire lives to science.
He appreciates the beauty of nature, is well versed in poetry, loves Russian folk songs. Mechanics is interested in living human life unfettered by age-old prejudices.
2. The tragedy of Kuligin. In relation to a talented self-taught person, the expression "There is no prophet in his own country" can be applied. People in the provinces are so ignorant that they consider him, at best, an eccentric. Kuligin's bold ideas cause superstitious inhabitants to fear divine punishment.
Kuligin needs funds to continue his scientific work and make experimental models, but it is almost impossible to get them with honest labor. The clash of an inquisitive mind with ossified ignorance and religious prejudice is vividly demonstrated in the scene of Kuligin's conversation with Diky. Self-taught man tries to beg from a rich merchant cash aid to put useful inventions into practice. He understands how difficult it is, so he discards all pride and humbly addresses Savl Prokofievich "your degree."
Kuligin patiently endures the undeserved insults of Dikoy, persistently continuing to convince him of the enormous benefits of sundials and lightning rods. Wild does not even delve into the essence of what Kuligin tells him. Due to class prejudices, he considers the tradesman a "worm", with whom it is not worth even talking. However, at Kuligin's mention of lightning rods, the "pious" merchant goes into a real rage. Wild is convinced that thunder and lightning are a punishment from above, therefore, to "defend" from them means to go against God. Calling Kuligin a "Tatar" (that is, a Muslim), the merchant reveals his limited thinking, bound by religious dogmas. For the passage quoted by Kuligin from Derzhavin's ode ("I command the thunder with my mind"), Dikoy is ready to send him to the mayor for police proceedings.
3. Scale of the Kuligin problem. In the play, a brilliant inventor, together with opposes the "dark kingdom" of a provincial town. However, in reality, this confrontation is much larger. The sad fate of the prototype of a literary character is well known. Most of the inventions of I.P. Kulibin turned out to be unclaimed. A man who could bring world fame to himself and the whole country died in poverty. The main obstacle to the development of science and technology since the Middle Ages has been religious bigotry. Even in the 19th century, this problem was characteristic not only for Russia, but for the whole of Europe.
Kuligin, most likely, will share the fate of many talented inventors, without having achieved financial support. His inventions are not needed by people who are used to relying on the divine will in everything. The saddest fact is that the inventor is not an atheist. He belongs to his era and naturally believes in God. However, Kuligin's faith, which allows freedom of thought, is strikingly different from the blind admiration of the overwhelming mass of the population.
The antipode of Kuligin is Feklusha, who sees in any technical invention the approach of the kingdom of the Antichrist. The most striking and memorable scene involving Kuligin is his speech to mortally frightened people during a thunderstorm. A passionate monologue of a mechanic can be compared with a passionate sermon of a prophet trying to guide the people on the true path. Kuligin exclaims: "You are all in a thunderstorm!" This phrase can be regarded as a fair reproach to all people who experience superstitious fear of what they are unable to understand and explain.
The Thunderstorm is one of the most tragic works of Russian literature. A. N. Ostrvsky invested in the images as much as possible bright characters and subtle depiction of life. One of the brightest characters is Kuligin. Its characteristics are different positive qualities, he is one of the brightest characters in the play, whom you want to be equal to.
General characteristics of Kuligin
Kuligin is one of the inhabitants of Kalinov. By age, he is about 50 years old. He is a mechanic, his delicate profession is a watchmaker. He devoted his whole life to the study of various mechanisms. Kuligin can be called a poet at heart. Everything he does, he does with love, selflessly. He loves nature, has a positive attitude towards reading books. He is able to support any conversation. He is a wise man and he gladly shares his wisdom with others.
Kuligin is a kind and sympathetic person. He loves to work for the benefit of society and can even be called an altruist. Kuligin installed a sundial in the city, he wants to install a lightning rod. But no one supports his ideas. He is modest, considers himself a small person. Constantly afraid of offending someone. But at the same time, he also has courage. He is not afraid to take responsibility for his actions and words. He is very honest and responsive. Appreciates these same qualities in people. Kuligin belongs to the bourgeois class. Takova general characteristics Kulign "Thunderstorm".
Kuligin's worldview
Kuligin is a representative of the "new views". He is progressive and ready for something new. He constantly invents something and tries to introduce something new into life that will make the life of the whole city more convenient and easier. The way he relates to the world, how and what he thinks, does not coincide with the worldview of the rest of the inhabitants of the city. He reads a lot of books, but this does not make him a conservative, but rather, on the contrary, gives him the opportunity to think, move forward, be progressive and bold in the emergence and implementation of various ideas. He is used to living not only for himself. This also distinguishes him from most residents of the city, for whom it is strange and wild that someone wants to do a good deed for the benefit of the people, and not just for their own interests.
Kuligin's dream
Kuligin dreams of building a perpetum mobile, or perpetual motion machine. He would like to get a million from the British for it. But unlike most people, he wants to spend this million not for himself, but for the benefit of the city. He wants to provide the bourgeoisie with work. But while his dream does not come true, and he is forced to create something for the benefit of the city. Since he does not have his own funds for this, he is forced to ask the wealthy of the city to sponsor his ideas. For example, he refers to the Wild. But he does not accept his ideas, rejects him, and even accuses him of trying to steal and embezzle finances. The whole city makes fun of him and considers him a real eccentric. Therefore, all of Kuligin's dreams cannot be realized while he is in Kalinov.
The play "Thunderstorm" shows people from different points of view. A different worldview makes them different from each other, gives rise to a clash of interests and misunderstanding. But Kuligin is one of the positive characters for whom honor, dignity, intelligence are not empty words. He believes in himself and has a zeal for the new, progressive. He sincerely wants to improve the lives of the townspeople who do not understand and do not accept him. Holding the dead body of Katerina in his hands, Kuligin addresses the residents of the city with disappointment.
