Rybakov works list. Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov. Biographical note. Biography of Anatoly Rybakov: briefly about the writer's family

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Biography

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov - writer, laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the RSFSR. Author of the books: Dirk, Bronze Bird (1956), Ekaterina Voronina, Summer in Sosnyaki, Krosh's Adventures, Unknown Soldier, Children of the Arbat, etc. Awarded 3 orders and medals. Member of the Great Patriotic War

He said that he had fulfilled his life's work by writing a novel about Stalin's time. He did not have time to write a novel about the end of the 20th century.

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov was born on January 14, 1911 in the Ukrainian city of Chernigov, but at an early age he moved with his parents (Naum Borisovich Aronov and Dina Avraamovna Rybakova) to Moscow. They lived at Arbat, 51

All childhood impressions and memories of Rybakov are connected with the life of a big city in the 1920s. Here, in Moscow, he joined the pioneers when the first pioneer organizations were just being formed, here he studied at the then famous Lepeshinsky commune school, here he became a member of the Komsomol, here he began his working life early at Dorkhimzavod.

In 1930, A. N. Rybakov entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers and later became an automotive engineer. On November 5, 1933, as a student, he was arrested and convicted under Article 58-10 ("counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda") for three years of exile. After the end of the exile, he wandered around the country, worked as a driver, a mechanic.

The second half of the 1930s was the time of Rybakov's wanderings around the country; then the future writer saw many cities and changed many professions, really got to know people and life.

From the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War he was mobilized into the army. Participated in battles on various fronts, from the defense of Moscow to the storming of Berlin. The last position was the head of the auto service of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps, he received the rank of Guards Major Engineer. "For distinction in battles with the Nazi invaders" recognized as having no criminal record.

After the war, A. Rybakov turns to literary activity. Writes adventure stories for youth. Fame came to the writer with "Dagger" (1948), then other books appeared that strengthened his popularity: "The Bronze Bird", the trilogy "The Adventures of Krosh", "Heavy Sand" ...

The first novel written by Rybakov, Drivers (1950), was dedicated to people he knew well. The novel "Ekaterina Voronina" (1955), filmed in 1957, was also a great success. In 1964 he published the novel "Summer in the Sosnyaki".

"Children of the Arbat"

In 1965, Rybakov began writing his main novel, Children of the Arbat. Magazine " New world"announced its publication in 1967. Did not appear. October magazine announced its publication in 1979. Did not appear. The Friendship of Peoples magazine began publishing the novel in 1987. With the release of the novel, the circulation of the magazine increased from 150 thousand to 1,200 thousand . copies

The novel, in the words of the poet Semyon Lipkin "of Shakespearean strength", appeared still extremely timely. If he had appeared earlier in samizdat or abroad, as Rybakov was repeatedly suggested, they would have talked about him, but in an undertone, in the kitchens. Publicity provided him with an incomparable response, the circulation of the novel amounted to 10.5 million copies. It has been translated into dozens of languages. Copies of various publications occupy a whole closet in his Moscow apartment.

Artwork has become a fact of history. The storming of the Winter Palace, which actually did not take place, is judged by new generations by the dramatization of Sergei Eisenstein in the film "October". So Stalin will be judged by Rybakov's novel. Actually, the Soviet dictator is not there main character, but it was this image that caused a particularly sharp controversy between its defenders and critics.

Yevgeny Yevtushenko said: "After this novel, it will be impossible to leave the same history textbooks in libraries and schools." Thousands, perhaps tens of thousands, will read historical studies about Stalin. Millions have read "Children of the Arbat" and made up their minds. And not only with us. The novel was published in 52 countries!

In the book, Stalin says: "Death solves all problems. No man - no problem." It is not known whether Stalin ever uttered this maxim. But the reader seems to hear, here Stalin slowly, smoking his pipe, with his Georgian accent, utters this phrase. And now it is attributed to Stalin in collections of quotes.

The permanent author of hymns, Sergei Mikhalkov, warned Rybakov before one of the discussions of the novel: he would not go, "you are talking for Stalin there." Rybakov retorted: "Doesn't Tolstoy speak for Napoleon?" "You're not Tolstoy." “However, I strive and advise others.”

The author, a young man from the Arbat, who went through Lubyanka, Butyrka and Siberian exile, in order to become a laureate of the Stalin Prize for Literature in 1951 for the novel Drivers, studied all the materials available to him about the leader of the peoples. Now there are many of them, but then the archives were closed, and yet Rybakov, a keen observer of human passions, managed to leave us a portrait of the “leader”, which most would consider complete.

It is this research corrosiveness, combined with a talent for penetrating into psychological depths, that gives us that Stalin that we will remember, and it doesn’t matter what else historians write about him.

“Although I understand that the text of the reasoning of the then General Secretary is your fiction, in fact, your version,” Eldar Ryazanov wrote to the author, “is written with incredible persuasiveness.” And here is Veniamin Kaverin’s review: “The term “research novel” begs here. The author’s position is dictated by the desire to prove that the saying “the end justifies the means” is based on lies and immorality. Stalin’s moves are inhumanly talented, but these moves lack the one for whom he, according to him, it works, but the person is absent.

Many critics met the novel with hostility - their idol was debunked skillfully and convincingly. In Cheboksary, for example, local authorities opposed the translation of the book into Chuvash. And from Yaroslavl they asked to allow a royalty-free reprint.

The novel "Children of the Arbat", published in 1987, became a real event in the literary life of Russia. Subsequently, the Arbat trilogy was completed by the novels “Fear” and “Ashes and Ashes”.

Our days

Until the last days of his life, Anatoly Rybakov remained an optimist, a lover of life because of his fighting character. Rybakov was very worried about the fate of his generation - a generation of idealists who believed that it was possible to improve the human race and create a just society.

Stalinist and German bullets, ashes, generously fell to the lot of this generation, and what they still managed to do became ashes. So, in fact, the last book of the trilogy about the children of the Arbat is called “Dust and Ashes”. The title does not entice the reader to open the book. But read by those who were fascinated by the fate of Sasha Pankratov, his friends, his country.

Rybakov managed to joke even on the operating table. On the second day after the bypass operation, in June 1998, he, as if nothing had happened, signed autographs for the nurses of the clinic, who turned out to be Russian emigrants, planned to return to the table to the next manuscript.

And he decided on the operation for the sake of readers who wanted to trace further fate Arbat children in the third and fourth generations. At the age of 87, Rybakov continued to work, wrote by hand, passed what was written to his wife Tanya, she retyped it on a computer - and editing began.

Doctors, having traveled with a catheter through the vessels of his heart, said (in America, doctors do not hide anything from the patient) that they cannot guarantee him the six years required to implement this latest author's plan. The unthinkable can happen at any moment. Moreover, the doctors did not promise him the preservation of his ability to work. It was necessary to create bypass ways of feeding the heart muscle instead of clogged vessels, borrowing pieces of a vein from the leg. Then ahead - a few more creative years.

“I have fulfilled my life’s work,” said Rybakov. – Wrote a novel about the Stalin era and published it during his lifetime. He also wrote an autobiography, as if summing up ("Roman-remembrance"). Now I get six years. I want to write a novel about the end of the 20th century, about the history of destruction from the beginning Soviet Union and now Russia.

The operation was performed by the famous surgeon Subramanian, an Indian by nationality, according to the latest technique, without opening chest, and the operation itself, and the postoperative period seemed to be fine. Ahead - six years!

Six months later, Rybakov, having gone to bed, did not wake up. And just two days before that, he heatedly discussed the fate of Russia with Grigory Yavlinsky. And he told him: “You need the slogans of Napoleonic strength: “Soldiers, the sun of Austerlitz is above you.”

Rybakov left for America to be able to work in peace. In Peredelkino they constantly pulled me, pulled me away from my desk. And there was not much time left ... In the end, Maxim Gorky also his novel "Mother", which laid the foundation for the so-called socialist realism, wrote at a country house in the Adirondacks north of New York.

In 1990, the collection “Children of the Arbat” by Anatoly Rybakov was published, where opinions about the novel clashed. Musketeers" by Alexandre Dumas, they say, adventure literature on historical theme for children. This is rather a compliment to the author of the beloved children "Dagger".

Rybakov always worked carefully. From him there were old-fashioned folders with ribbons. There are inscriptions on the folders: "Yeltsin", "Gaidar", "Chubais", "Kiriyenko". They contain clippings, blanks for the conceived novel "Son". Ripped off by ruthless time.

A few days after the writer's death, his widow Tanya received, among others, a letter from Bernard Kamenicki, a reader from Boca Raton, Florida. The author expressed condolences and wrote: "After reading his books, I became a better person."

What more could any writer want? Sem40.ru according to the media. 17-01-2005

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Biography

Born in the family of engineer Naum Borisovich Aronov and his wife Dina Abramovna Rybakova in Chernigov.

From 1919 he lived in Moscow, on the Arbat, 51. He studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium in Krivoarbatsky lane. He graduated from the eighth and ninth grades at the Moscow Experimental Commune School (abbreviated MOPSHK) in 2nd Obydensky Lane on Ostozhenka. The school arose as a commune of Komsomol members who returned from the fronts civil war.

After leaving school, he worked at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant, as a loader, then as a driver.

In 1930 he entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers.

On November 5, 1933, he was arrested and by a special meeting of the OGPU collegium was sentenced to three years of exile under Article 58-10 (Counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda). At the end of the exile, not having the right to live in cities with a passport regime, he wandered around Russia. Worked where it is not necessary to fill out questionnaires.

Since 1941 in the army. Participated in battles on various fronts, from the defense of Moscow to the storming of Berlin. The last position was the head of the auto service of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps, the rank was Major Engineer. "For distinction in battles with the Nazi invaders" recognized as having no criminal record. In 1960 he was completely rehabilitated.

He was awarded the Orders of the Patriotic War I and II degrees, the Red Banner of Labor, the Friendship of Peoples. Anatoly Rybakov was buried at the Kuntsevo cemetery in Moscow.

Creation

After the war, A. Rybakov turned to literary activity, starting to write adventure stories for youth - the story "Dagger" (1948) and its continuation - the story "The Bronze Bird" (1956). Both stories were filmed - the film "Dagger" in 1954 (again in 1973), the film "The Bronze Bird" in 1974.

The following stories were also addressed to the youth - "The Adventures of Krosh" (1960) with the continuation of "Krosh's Vacation" (1966). Their film adaptations are The Adventures of Krosh in 1961 and Krosh's Vacation in 1979.

The first novel written by Rybakov was dedicated to people he knew well - Drivers (1950; Stalin Prize, 1951). The novel "Ekaterina Voronina" (1955), filmed in 1957, was a great success. In 1964 he published the novel "Summer in the Sosnyaki".

In 1975, the continuation of the stories "Dagger" and "Bronze Bird" - the story "The Shot" and the film based on it - "The Last Summer of Childhood" - was released.

In 1978, the novel "Heavy Sand" was published. The novel tells about the life of a Jewish family in the 1910s-40s in one of the multinational towns in the north of Ukraine, about a bright and all-overcoming love carried through decades, about the tragedy of the Holocaust and the courage of civil resistance. This pinnacle work of the writer combined all the colors of his artistic palette, adding to them philosophy, craving for historical analysis and mystical symbolism (image main character, beautiful lover, then wife and mother Rachel on the last pages is like a semi-real personification of the anger and revenge of the Jewish people).

The novel "Children of the Arbat", written back in the 60s and published only in 1987, was one of the first about the fate younger generation of the thirties, a time of great losses and tragedies, the novel recreates the fate of this generation, seeking to reveal the mechanism of totalitarian power, to understand the "phenomenon" of Stalin and Stalinism.

In 1989, its continuation was published - the novel "Thirty-fifth and Other Years". In 1990 - the novel "Fear", in 1994 - "Ashes and Ashes". The tetralogy uses elements of the author's biography (Sasha Pankratov).

In 1995 the collected works were published in seven volumes. Later - the autobiographical "Roman-Memories" (1997).

Books published in 52 countries, with a total circulation of more than 20 million copies. In 2005, the television series "Children of the Arbat" was released. In 2008, the television series "Heavy Sand" was released.

Anatoly Rybakov - laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the RSFSR, was president of the Soviet PEN Center (1989-1991), secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR (since 1991). PhD from Tel Aviv University.

Interesting Facts

Two different cycles of works, begun by "Kortik" and "Children of the Arbat", respectively, are interconnected. The protagonist of "Children of the Arbat" - Sasha Pankratov - is one of the episodic characters in the last story of the first cycle - "Shot". The novel "Fear" mentions the execution of Misha Polyakov during the purges of 1937-1938.

Bibliography

Series "Dirk":
Dirk (1946-1948)
Bronze Bird (1955-1956)
Shot (1975)

Series "Adventures of Krosh"
The Adventures of Krosh (1960, Jan-March)
Krosh vacation (1964-1964)
Unknown Soldier (1969-1970)

Trilogy "Children of the Arbat"
Children of the Arbat (1966-1983)
Fear (1988-1990)
Dust and ashes (1991-1994)

Drivers (1949-1950)

Heavy Sand (1975-1977)

Remembrance novel (published in 1997)

Ekaterina Voronina (1955)
Summer in the Pinelands (1964)

Translated works
The Dirk (by David Skvirsky)
The Bronze Bird (by David Skvirsky)

Biography

In the 1950s, in the former Soviet Union, children read the adventure story from the time of the civil war "Kortik", authored by Anatoly Rybakov. This was followed by the continuation of "Dirk" - the story "The Bronze Bird", followed by a fascinating story of a pretty teenager Krosh - "Krosh's Adventures" and "Krosh's Vacation". Along with books for children and youth, the author published two novels on the then fashionable "industrial" theme: "Drivers" and "Ekaterina Voronina". Most of the author's works were filmed and had, in addition to the reader's, also the audience's success.

How did it happen that a Judeophobic magazine published such a novel, and in general, why a completely successful Russian writer (many did not realize that Rybakov, a Jew, dared to write a novel, dubious, according to Brezhnev's literary dishes, and then the generally seditious "Children of the Arbat"?

All this, and much more, the writer, who is currently in New York and working at the Columbia University library on the final part of the epic about Stalin's times, spoke at an evening organized by the Center for the Culture of Immigrants from the Soviet Union. The meeting took place at the Arbeter Ring, one of America's oldest Jewish organizations.

Not tall, youthful (you would never think that he was already 82 years old), friendly and sociable, Anatoly Naumovich, without further ado, began a kind of author's confession.

In "Brief literary encyclopedia”, in the 6th volume, published in 1971, it is reported that the writer was born in 1911 in Chernigov, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Railway Transport in 1934, worked in his specialty for a long time, and was a participant in the Great Patriotic War. The following is a list of his works. And that's it. About the fact that he was expelled from the institute, repressed, exiled, and three years after his return he lost the right to live not only in his native Moscow, in the same courtyard on the Arbat, which he later described in Children of the Arbat, but also in other capital cities, was forced to wander all over Russia in search of a corner and a piece of bread - not a word was said about all this.

And then one day, it was in 1939, he, spending the night at some station, met a young guy who told him an absolutely incredible, in a sense funny story about how his grandfather left for Switzerland at the end of the last century, graduated from the medical faculty of the university there, became a successful doctor, got married, his wife bore him three sons, two of them followed in his footsteps, and with the third, the youngest, whose name was Yakov, he went to visit his native Simferopol. There, in Simferopol, Jacob met beautiful girl and fell in love with her at first sight. She turned out to be the daughter of a local shoemaker and her name was ... however, no matter what her real name was, in the novel she is named after our ancestor Rachel, Jacob's wife.

What happened next? Yakov married Rachel, took her to Switzerland, where she bore him a son, they were happy, but after some time the girl became sad at home, relatives and, despite the persuasion of Yakov and his relatives, returned home with her little son, to Simferopol. After some time, Yakov also rolled there. I thought of persuading my wife to return to Switzerland, but then the First World War, then the revolution, and he was "stuck" in Russia for the rest of his life. He became a shoemaker, learned Russian, more children appeared, among them this guy ...

Rybakov was touched by this story, but he did not even think that it would form the basis of his novel, he did not even think of becoming a writer at that time. He was more interested in the question of whether he would find work and lodging tomorrow.

In the early 70s, it was already famous writer, was found by the same guy, who had aged thirty-something years, and talked about how his parents, relatives, and the Jews of Simferopol in general, died at the hands of fascist murderers. And then Rybakov realized that he could not get away from this topic, that he must, was obliged to write a big novel about all this, to capture his unfortunate fellow tribesmen. In a word, as it was with Ilya Ehrenburg: "Woe, an old wound opened, my mother's name was Khana."

Rybakov began work on the novel with a trip to Simferopol, where he wandered the streets and alleys, where during the occupation there was a Jewish ghetto for a short time, visited the place where the Simferopol Jews were taken and shot. He realized that he could not write a book here, that Simferopol was a foreign city to him.

And then he decided to move the scene of the future novel to the homeland of his grandfather, to Snovsk, a small commercial and industrial city of the former Chernigov province, where his mother brought him as a ten-year-old boy in the hungry year of 1921.

Grandfather was a wealthy industrialist, the way in his house was supported by a religious-patriarchal one. The town itself was international, Jews, Ukrainians, Poles, Belarusians, Russians lived in it (in peace and harmony).

And now, more than half a century later, he again found himself in Snovsk. Now it was a typical Soviet regional center: there were more than enough officials, and the economy was deplorable, out of 3 thousand Jews, no more than 200 remained ...

And then, when the novel was written, the question arose: where to publish it? It turned out to be impossible to do this in Novy Mir or Yunost, in the journals where Rybakov published most of his works. And then he turned, as we already know, to "October". Shortly before that, there was a change of power here. After the death of Kochetov, the editorial board was headed by A. Ananiev, known in writers' circles as a decent person. In order to pull the magazine out of the swamp, to attract new readers, he urgently needed to publish something sensational. Such a work turned out to be “Heavy Sand”. Moreover, in order to “slip through” the censorship controlled by the highest party bodies, Rybakov first presented only the first part of the novel, which takes place before the revolution. And yet, one of the places of action had to be changed - the Swiss city of Basel: a certain critic reported to the "grey eminence" Suslov himself that a Zionist congress once took place in this very Basel, therefore, an affair with a Zionist odor.

One way or another, but the novel was published and made a huge impression on readers, and not only Jews. As for criticism, in most cases she kept quiet, fearing to get into a mess, and most of all - out of favor with her party bosses.

But this did not upset the writer, for him the heartfelt reviews of readers, tens of thousands of letters, were much more important. One of the letters contained the following words: “Only after reading the novel did I feel like a real Jew and I am proud of it.” Once leaving his house in Peredelkino, Rybakov saw Jewish youths who, it turns out, protected his home from hooligans who threatened to set a fire.

Anatoly Rybakov told his admirers a lot of interesting things that evening. And not only about "Heavy Sand", but also about even more difficult fate"Children of the Arbat", as well as the work on the final part of the tragic epic, which he conventionally called "Payback".

Biography

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov (1911 - December 23, 1998) - Russian writer. Novels about the social and moral conflicts of modern production: "Drivers" (1950; State Prize of the USSR, 1951), "Ekaterina Voronina" (1955). Socio-psychological novel "Heavy Sand" (1978). Novels for youth "Kortik" (1948), "The Adventures of Krosh" (1960).

In the novels "Children of the Arbat" (1987), "Thirty-fifth and other years" (book 1, 1988, book 2, "Fear", 1990, book 3, "Ashes and Ashes", 1994), the time of the totalitarian regime is recreated through the fate of the generation of the 30s; artistic analysis Stalin's Phenomenon. "Remembrance Romance" (1997). Repressed in 1933-36.

Encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius

“Anatoly Rybakov was born in the city of Chernigov, in the family of an engineer. After leaving school, he entered the road department of the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers. However, Rybakov did not have time to finish it - on political charges he was expelled from the capital with a “minus” mark in his passport (its owner was not allowed to live in big cities).

Rybakov's long wanderings around the country begin. First, he works at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant, then to work at the transport enterprises of Bashkiria, Kalinin, Ryazan. According to the writer: “This saved me from re-arrest during the rampant repressions in the 37-40s. Having become a kind of “homeless person”, I seemed to have fallen out of sight of the “organs”, which all the time “picked up” those who had once been in their clutches. It also saved me that, following the advice of a kind woman who also lived on the Arbat, a close friend of my mother, I always tried to stay away from large industrial facilities ... "

In 1941, Anatoly Rybakov went to the front as a private. He ended the war with the rank of major, as head of the auto service of the guards rifle corps.

The first book by Anatoly Rybakov - the children's adventure story "Kortik" - was published in 1948. Three years later, Rybakov already received the Stalin Prize for the stories "Drivers" and "Ekaterina Voronina". Over the following years, Rybakov wrote several more books, each of which was a success with readers: "The Adventures of Krosh" (1960), "Summer in the Pine Trees" (1964), "Krosh's Vacation" (1966), "The Unknown Soldier" (1970), "Heavy Sand" (1979), etc.

Many of these works were filmed, for which in 1973 Anatoly Rybakov was awarded the State Prize of the RSFSR in the field of cinematography named after the Vasilyev brothers.

Razzakov F.I. Dossier on the stars. They are loved and talked about. - M.: CJSC Publishing House EKSMO-Press, 1999, p. 679-680.

Biography

Rybakov, Anatoly Naumovich
(1911-1998), Russian writer.
The real name is Aronov.

Born on January 1 (14), 1911 in Chernigov, the son of an engineer. From 1918 he lived in Moscow, where he graduated from high school and entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers. On November 5, 1933, as a student at the Transport Institute, he was arrested and convicted under Article 58-10 ("counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda") for three years of exile. After the end of the exile, he wandered around the country, worked as a driver, mechanic, etc. From the very beginning of the war he was mobilized into the army. Passed with battles from Moscow to Berlin, was awarded many orders and medals; having started the war as a private, he finished it with the rank of major, as head of the auto service of the guards rifle corps.

He gained fame with the very first stories addressed to young readers, more than one generation of whom the author captivated with an exciting plot based on the disclosure of a "secret", a high romantic mood, combined with everyday specifics, good humor and lyricism: Kortik (1948; film of the same name 1954, dir. V.Ya. Vengerov and M.A. Schweitzer), where events unfold during the Civil War and New Economic Policy in Moscow, on the Arbat - a favorite scene for many of Rybakov's heroes., and its continuation Bronze Bird (1956). The liveliness of the narration, psychological persuasiveness, wit, manifested in these works, are also characteristic of the stories The Adventures of Krosh (1960) and Krosh's Vacation (1966), written on behalf of a teenager.

Rybakov's first "adult" novel Drivers (1950; State Prize of the USSR, 1951) is dedicated to people who are well known to the author in the former profession of an automotive engineer, and belongs to the best examples of "industrial" prose, captivating with the authenticity of the image, skillful recreation of the working days of the motor depot of a provincial town , subtle individualization of characters.

Difficult problems of mutual relations in the team of the Volga rivermen are at the center of Rybakov's second "production" novel Ekaterina Voronina (1955; film of the same name, 1957, directed by I.M. Annensky). In the novel Summer in the Sosnyaki (1964), the writer shows the intense life of a large enterprise through the prism of the psychological conflict of an honest unfortunate man and a stupid dogmatist, which reflected the real explosive contradiction of "stagnant" time.

With difficulty due to the unusual subject matter, the novel Heavy Sand (1978), which made its way into the Soviet press and immediately brought immense popularity to Rybakov, tells about the life of a Jewish family in the 1910-1940s in one of the multinational towns of Western Ukraine, decades later, about the tragedy of the "Holocaust" and the courage of the Resistance. This pinnacle work of the writer combined all the colors of his artistic palette, adding to them philosophy, craving for historical analysis and mystical symbolism (the image of the main character, beautiful lover, then wife and mother Rachel on the last pages is like a semi-real personification of the anger and revenge of the Jewish people).

Based on Rybakov's personal experiences, the novel Children of the Arbat (1987) and its continuation of the trilogy Thirty-Fifth and Other Years (book 1, 1988; book 2 - Fear, 1990; book 3 - Dust and Ashes, 1994) recreates the fate of the generation 1930- 1990s, seeking to reveal the mechanism of totalitarian power. Among the writer's other works are the story The Unknown Soldier (1970) and the autobiographical Novel-Memoirs (1997). Anatoly Rybakov is a laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the RSFSR.

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov; Russia Moscow; 01/01/1911 - 12/23/1998

Books by Anatoly Rybakov need no introduction. They have been published in more than 52 countries around the world. The total circulation of Rybakov's books has exceeded 20 million copies, and more than half of his works have been filmed. So at the moment, based on the books of Anatoly Rybakov, 13 feature films and television series have been shot.

Biography of Anatoly Rybakov

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov was born in the village of Derzhanovka, Chernihiv province. His father A.B. Aronov was a distiller and well known in professional circles as the author of many specialized books and publications. Aranov sent his son to study in Moscow. This was already after the revolution in 1919. At first, Anatoly Rybakov studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium, but he graduated from the eighth and ninth grades at the Moscow Experimental Commune School. After leaving school, he worked as a loader and driver at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant, until in 1930 he entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers. He studied at the institute for three years, and then was arrested and exiled for three years for anti-Soviet propaganda.

After the exile ended, Anatoly Rybakov did not have the right to live in large cities, and following the advice of one of his acquaintances from the Arbat, he did not appear near large industrial facilities. Nevertheless, in 1938 he became the chief engineer of the Ryazan Regional Department of Motor Transport, where he worked until the start of the war. With the outbreak of war, Anatoly Rybakov was drafted into the Red Army, where he served in the automobile troops. As he happened to participate in many companies in different sectors of the front. By the end of the war, he received the rank of major of engineering troops and, most importantly, his recognition as having no criminal record. Anatoly Rybakov was fully rehabilitated already in 1960.

Anatoly Rybakov's first book, Dirk, was published in 1947. The story received a lot of rave reviews and already in 1954 it was filmed, and in 1973 it was re-shot. Anatoly Rybakov's first novel, The Driver, came out three years later. And five years later, the novel "Ekaterina Voronina" was released, which was already filmed in 1957. But Rybakov does not leave youthful literature either, continuing his story "Kortik" and starting new series about the adventures of Krosh. By the way, this series of books is also filmed. At the same time, he is working on his work "Children of the Arbat", which has become the most significant in the writer's work. This novel will see the light only in 1987. Moreover, the interest in the novel by Anatoly Rybakov "Children of the Arbat" will be so high that the book will have a sequel. Anatoly Rybakov's last book, Roman-Memories, was published in 1997. A year later, the writer died.

Books by Anatoly Rybakov on the Top Books website

Anatoly Rybakov's books are quite popular to read. And interest is shown not only in the trilogy "Children of the Arbat" but also in the youthful works of the writer. So books about the adventures of Krosh and of course the story "Kortik" are enviably popular. And it is quite possible that they will be included in our rating. Well, the books of the trilogy "Children of the Arbat" took high places in our rating and rating. And given the stability of interest in them, they will certainly be presented in our subsequent ratings.

Anatoly Rybakov list of books

Adventures of Misha Polyakov and his friends:

bronze bird
Shot

As a school child, I read and watched Dirk, Bronze Bird, Krosh's Vacation. And during the years of perestroika, my mind was turned over by the book "Children of the Arbat". Today, on my birthday, I want to remember the person who gave us these wonderful works

en.wikipedia.org

Biography

He said that he had fulfilled his life's work by writing a novel about Stalin's time. He did not have time to write a novel about the end of the 20th century.

The second half of the 1930s was the time of Rybakov's wanderings around the country; then the future writer saw many cities and changed many professions, really got to know people and life.

After the war, A. Rybakov turned to literary activity. Writes adventure stories for youth. Fame came to the writer with "Dagger" (1948), then other books appeared that strengthened his popularity: "The Bronze Bird", the trilogy "The Adventures of Krosh", "Heavy Sand" ...

"Children of the Arbat"

In 1965, Rybakov began writing his main novel, Children of the Arbat. The Novy Mir magazine announced its publication in 1967. He has not appeared. October magazine announced its publication in 1979. He has not appeared. The Friendship of Peoples magazine began publishing the novel in 1987. With the release of the novel, the circulation of the magazine increased from 150,000 to 1,200,000. copies

Artwork has become a fact of history. The storming of the Winter Palace, which actually did not take place, is judged by new generations by the dramatization of Sergei Eisenstein in the film "October". So Stalin will be judged by Rybakov's novel. Actually, the Soviet dictator is not the main character there, but it was this image that caused a particularly sharp controversy between his defenders and critics.

The permanent author of hymns, Sergei Mikhalkov, warned Rybakov before one of the discussions of the novel: he would not go, "you are talking for Stalin there." Rybakov retorted: "Doesn't Tolstoy speak for Napoleon?" - "You're not Tolstoy." - "However, I strive and advise others."

"Although I understand that the text of the arguments of the then Secretary General is your fiction, in fact, your version," Eldar Ryazanov wrote to the author, "is written with incredible persuasiveness." And here is Veniamin Kaverin’s review: “The term “research novel” begs here. The author’s position is dictated by the desire to prove that the saying “the end justifies the means” is based on lies and immorality. Stalin’s moves are inhumanly talented, but these moves lack the one for whom he, according to him, it works, but a person is absent.

Our days

Stalinist and German bullets, ashes, generously fell to the lot of this generation, and what they still managed to do became ashes. So, in fact, the last book of the trilogy about the children of the Arbat is called "Dust and Ashes". The title does not entice the reader to open the book. But read by those who were fascinated by the fate of Sasha Pankratov, his friends, his country.

And he decided on the operation for the sake of readers who wanted to trace the fate of the Arbat children in the third and fourth generations. At the age of 87, Rybakov continued to work, wrote by hand, passed what was written to his wife Tanya, she retyped it on a computer - and editing began.

I completed the work of life, - said Rybakov. - Wrote a novel about the Stalin era and published it during his lifetime. He also wrote an autobiography, as if summing up ("Roman-remembrance"). Now I get six years. I want to write a novel about the end of the 20th century, about the history of the destruction of first the Soviet Union, and now Russia.

The operation was performed by the famous surgeon Subramanian, an Indian by nationality, according to the latest technique, without opening the chest, and the operation itself and the postoperative period seemed to be fine. Ahead - six years!

Rybakov left for America to be able to work in peace. In Peredelkino they constantly pulled me, pulled me away from my desk. And there was not much time left ... In the end, Maxim Gorky also wrote his novel "Mother", which marked the beginning of so-called socialist realism, in a country house in the Adirondack mountains north of New York.

In 1990, the collection “Children of the Arbat” by Anatoly Rybakov was published, where opinions about the novel clashed. Musketeers" by Alexandre Dumas, they say, adventure literature on a historical theme for children. This is rather a compliment to the author of the Kortik, beloved by the children.

SCREENIZATIONS

"Dagger" (1954)

"Ekaterina Voronina" (1957)

"The Adventures of Krosh" (1961)

"These Innocent Funs" (1969)

(Based on "Krosh's Vacation")

"Minute of Silence" (1971)

"Dirk "(1973)

"Bronze Bird" (1974)

"The Last Summer of Childhood" (1974)

"Vacation Krosh" (1979)

"Unknown Soldier" (1984)

"Children of the Arbat" (2004)

This one is very interesting person- writer and public figure - lived in difficult times. We can say that he repeated the fate of the idol of more than one generation, Alexander Solzhenitsyn. His books have become a symbol of an entire era, and even now, with the passage of time, they have not lost either their novelty or literary value.

Family and childhood of Anatoly Rybakov

The biography of the future writer began in the village of Derzhanovka, Chernihiv province (now it is the territory of Ukraine). He was born on January 11, 1911 in the family of an engineer. The surname of Anatoly's father was Aronov, and the mother's surname was Rybakov. In his autobiography, he always indicated the city of Chernihiv. Perhaps Rybakov was embarrassed by his rural origin.

In adulthood, having already become a writer, Anatoly Naumovich took his mother's surname as a creative pseudonym, and then forever. Rybakov's father worked at a distillery, and his grandfather was a headman in the synagogue. After the abolition of the Pale of Settlement, the boy's parents moved to Moscow. It happened in 1919. They lived on the Arbat, in the same house that would later be described in the writer's works. He studied at the Hvorostov gymnasium, and completed his education at a special experimental school-commune in Moscow, where the best teachers of that time taught.

Youth

After graduation, the boy went to work at the Dorogomilovsky chemical plant. And in 1930 he entered the Moscow Transport and Economic Institute. But the biography of Anatoly Rybakov changed suddenly and terribly three years later. As a student, he was arrested for counter-revolutionary agitation and propaganda. True, at that time he received not such a long term - three years of exile. Freed, Anatoly could not work in big cities where there was a passport regime. Therefore, he had to be hired either as a locksmith, or as a driver, or as a loader in the provinces of Russia - Ryazan, Tver, as well as in Tatarstan and Bashkiria. Perhaps that is why he did not expect further arrests. He never filled out questionnaires and seemed to become invisible to the state security agencies.

War and the beginning of creative activity

The biography of Anatoly Rybakov also has army pages. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was called up. He served mainly in automotive units and saw the most famous battles - from the defense of Moscow to the storming of Berlin. He received the rank of Major Engineer Guards, and his criminal record was expunged for military merit.

During the Khrushchev thaw in 1960, Anatoly Rybakov was fully rehabilitated. But back in 1946, after demobilization, he returned to Moscow and began to try himself in literary genre. The first literary successes were stories written for young people.

Official creativity in the USSR

The biography of the writer Anatoly Rybakov began in 1948. Then his first story "Kortik" was published. It was her that he signed with a pseudonym - the name of his mother. Since then, the writer has gone down in history not like Aronov. From now on, he became Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov. His biography in the field of literature had, as it were, a double bottom. He can be considered an semi-official writer, since, for example, he received the State Prize of the Soviet Union back in 1951 for the not very artistically remarkable, but ideologically correct novel “Drivers”. Although there was something in it from Anatoly's personal experience.

Interestingly, according to rumors, Stalin recommended him for the award, who liked the novel. True, the author was either included in the list of applicants, or thrown out as a counter-revolutionary. But in the end, they left. But his adventurous stories, such as the continuation of "Dagger" "The Bronze Bird" or a series about the adventures and holidays of Krosh, were very popular among the youth of the sixties. Mysteries, romance with a boyish pioneer flavor, old artifacts - all this was new and beckoned with freshness.

In 1970, the writer's landmark novel The Unknown Soldier was published, and in 1978 Heavy Sand. He already looked dissonant, because he talked about the plight of the Jewish family, and even against the backdrop of the then Soviet anti-Semitism.

What was written on the table

But it turned out that the biography of Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov is not so simple. Since the sixties of the twentieth century, he has been secretly writing a novel based on memories of the life of ordinary people in a Moscow communal apartment at the very beginning of the Stalinist repressions. Tvardovsky wanted to publish it as soon as he read it. But censorship did not miss the novel. As soon as perestroika began, in 1987 Rybakov published this book under the already world-famous title Children of the Arbat. The work had the effect of an exploding bomb. Together with Abuladze's film "Repentance", it became a symbol of perestroika. The confrontation between Sasha Pankratov, the alter ego of the writer, and Joseph Stalin, the ruler, for whom only power matters, but not human lives- probably the best of what has been written on the subject.

The continuation of the novel was the trilogy "Thirty-fifth and other years", which tells about what happened later with the children of the Arbat - the heroes of the first book. The trilogy includes the novel "Fear", published in 1990, and "Ashes and Ashes", published in 1994. It is believed that the cycle of novels about the children of the Arbat is the peak of Anatoly Rybakov's work. After that, in 1997, he published only a memoir - an autobiographical novel with documentary memories.

last years of life

With books about Stalin's repressions and the period Great terror to Anatoly Rybakov, short biography which is set out above, worldwide fame came. His works began to be translated into other languages and were published in 52 countries around the world. The writer becomes an active public figure and even - until 1991 - heads the Soviet PEN Center. Rybakov's identity was the feeling of a Russian Soviet Jew. He was a free and independent person.

But at the same time, I felt like a part of the Jewish people. In the mid-nineties, after the collapse of the USSR, Rybakov fell seriously ill. To have the operation, he leaves for the United States. But it's too late. December 23, 1998 Anatoly Rybakov dies in a New York hospital. He was buried in Moscow at the Kuntsevo cemetery. Based on the novels "Children of the Arbat" and "Heavy Sand", television series were filmed after the death of the writer in the 2000s.

Biography of Anatoly Rybakov: briefly about the writer's family

The writer's wife was no less famous woman - Tatyana Vinokurova, daughter of the former people's commissar of the food industry Mikoyan, who was both an author and a victim of Stalinist repressions. For a long time she was the editor of the magazine "Krugozor". One of Anatoly's two sons, Alexei, also became a writer. He was published in Russia under the pseudonym Makushinsky, and now lives in Germany in the city of Mainz and works at the university there at the Department of Slavic Studies. The eldest son of the writer died in 1994 during the life of his father. His daughter and granddaughter of Anatoly Rybakov Maria inherited the family gift for writing. She is the author of popular novels such as The Brotherhood of Losers and others.

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov

(1911-1998)

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov was born in 1911 in the Ukrainian city of Chernigov, but at an early age he moved with his parents to Moscow, and all of Rybakov's childhood impressions and memories are connected with the life of a big city in the 1920s. Here, in Moscow, he joined the pioneers when the first pioneer organizations were just being formed, here he studied at the then famous Lepeshinsky commune school, here he became a member of the Komsomol, here he began his working life early at Dorkhimzavod. In 1930, A.N. Rybakov entered the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers and later became an automotive engineer. The second half of the 1930s was the time of Rybakov's wanderings around the country; then the future writer saw many cities and changed many professions, really got to know people and life.1
During the Great Patriotic War, Rybakov was a front-line officer, head of the auto service of the rifle corps.
The literary path of A.N. Rybakov began after the war, when the writer was already 37 years old. Then, in 1948, Kortik was published and immediately won the hearts of readers - the fascinating adventures of Misha Polyakov and his friends, who were looking for a mysterious weapon that disappeared during the First World War. The story was written according to all the rules of the adventure genre: energetic action, romantic mystery and unexpected plot twists - these are the main springs that held together the various pictures and events of this book and kept its little reader in suspense for the extraordinary. But there were already two more features in this merry story that were characteristic of Rybakov's talent, determined by his biography and his attitude to the world.
Firstly, the color of the time, the colors of the era of his childhood, on which lay the bright reflections of the recent revolution, the tangible breath of the just subsided civil war, irreconcilable class clashes - they determine all the experiences, dreams and actions of Misha Polyakov and his comrades, who always simply establish and who know exactly what is good and what is bad, on whose side they are and therefore exactly how they should act and act. There is no room for thought, doubt, hesitation.2
Secondly, here the main moral qualities of the hero Rybakov were clearly identified; the hero of Dirk, with all his childish traits, is already a small man, determined, inquisitive, energetic, always acting in accordance with his convictions and ideas about good and bad. This will remain forever, all the beloved heroes of A. Rybakov, no matter how old they are, no matter what they do and no matter what they are called, strictly keep the complex of male honor, where in the first place is courageous courage and willingness to defend justice, and meanness is always called meanness, no matter what clothes she dressed up.
Dirk was a great reader success, but A. Rybakov did not follow the already beaten path after the first book, but tried his writing skills in a completely different genre. In 1950 he published a large novel "Drivers", which in 1951 was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. It was a book about drivers and driver's work, about the joys and sorrows of the working man, about the problems of modern production. Neither the material, nor the plot, nor the style of the novel in the least resembled the first story by A. Rybakov, and only the name of the hero of the "Drivers", the silent head of the motor depot - Mikhail Grigorievich Polyakov - betrayed the author's inner intention to give a picture of the fate of the generation that began its journey in the light of the first pioneer bonfires and who took on his shoulders the main burden of the great war. But so far this was only a distant intention, and the connection between the hero of Dirk and the hero of The Drivers was purely conditional, important mainly for the author, who, parting for a long time with the memories of his youth, made a sign that he did not want to leave them forever. 2
Rybakov's first "adult" novel Drivers (1950; State Prize of the USSR, 1951) is dedicated to people who are well known to the author in the former profession of an automotive engineer, and belongs to the best examples of "industrial" prose, captivating with the authenticity of the image, skillful recreation of the working days of the motor depot of a provincial town , subtle individualization of characters.
Difficult problems of relationships in the team of the Volga rivermen are at the center of Rybakov's second "production" novel Ekaterina Voronina (1955; film of the same name, 1957, directed by I.M. Annensky). In the novel "Ekaterina Voronina" it was again about transport workers, but now about those who work in river ports, on steamships, who are connected with water, with the Volga. In "Ekaterina Voronina" A. Rybakov demonstrated another facet of his writing talent - knowledge female psychology and the ability to portray it. In the novel Summer in the Sosnyaki (1964), the writer shows the intense life of a large enterprise through the prism of the psychological conflict of an honest unfortunate man and a stupid dogmatist, which reflected the real explosive contradiction of "stagnant" time.1
But, having finished the novel about an adult woman "Ekaterina Voronina", a dispatcher of the Volga port, the writer immediately returned to the adventures of his little heroes, who fell in love with little readers; he writes "The Bronze Bird" (1956) - the continuation of the adventures of Misha Polyakov and his friends in the summer pioneer camp. And again the book is a success, and again its author is looking for new themes and new literary paths, interspersing work on books about Krosh with work on "adult" works - screenplays, plays and a small but very serious novel "Summer in the Sosnyaki ”(1964), where for the first time in his work he uses the method of conjugation of different time plans, when the action freely passes from the past to the present and back. He will use this technique in the story "The Unknown Soldier".
A. Rybakov's three stories about Krosh are widely known in Russia to both young and adult readers. The first of them - "The Adventures of Krosh" - was published in 1960, the second - "Krosh's Vacation" - in 1966, the third - "The Unknown Soldier" - in 1971. In terms of popularity, they can compete with the famous "Dagger", with which A. Rybakov began his literary career
and which is already well known to many successive generations of young schoolchildren, lovers of fun and dangerous adventures.
Such a combination of light and cheerful with serious and instructive is typical for A. Rybakov's work as a whole, the writer is as much childish as adult. From the very beginning of the literary path of A. Rybakov, two independent streams of his work run in parallel - exciting adventures about children and for children and social novels about adults and for adults. But why, after all, books about Krosh can be safely called a “new” phenomenon for A. Rybakov compared to his first children's stories? After all, here, as in "Dagger", as in "The Bronze Bird", the main characters are schoolchildren, because here, too, the plot is centered on funny and funny incidents, only this time that happened at the motor depot during the work experience of one eighth grade, after all, here, too, the hero of the story is endowed with traits of curiosity, courageous courage and honesty, which were already clearly visible in Misha Polyakov.
First of all, what was new was that Krosh, Seryozha Krasheninnikov, lived and acted not long ago, but at the very time when the book was written about him, he was a contemporary of both his creator and his reader, and bright signs of the city the lives of the 60s were already included in the "Adventures of Krosh" in order to pour out even more freely and more abundantly on the pages of "Krosh's Holidays". The reader of Krosh's adventures - both young and adult (and Krosh quickly won the sympathy of both) - had the full opportunity to compare the actions of the hero, the situation of his life, his language, judgments, jokes with what he himself had just seen, heard, thought and survived, and this independent work always gives the reader a special additional pleasure. Getting acquainted with the historical narrative, without special training, the reader is deprived of this opportunity to confidently judge whether the writer depicted this or that phenomenon “like” or “unlike”. Reading a modern book about a modern hero, the reader, wittingly or unwittingly, but without fail, makes such a judgment, and if the reader considers himself to be a thinking and conscious reader, then he is even obliged to make this judgment. At the same time, however, it must be remembered that art is not a simple and accurate "cast" of life, that each piece of art still always has, so to speak, an additional aesthetic "coefficient", that is, its own special task and a special expression of the author's attitude to the depicted. Rybakov's aesthetic coefficient in Krosh's adventures is humor, his cheerful and harmless smile with which the writer watches his hero grow up, gaining small victories and withstanding small defeats. The humor with which the writer conveys Krosh's confession preserves for the reader the true scale of the events of the hero's life - significant for himself, but not so huge for the rest of humanity, in other words, both really serious and really ordinary.
And here there is a transition to another new feature of Rybakov's children's stories of the 60s in comparison with his earlier stories. Although almost two decades have passed since Krosh first appeared in the world, it seems that even today's reader will easily recognize him as his contemporary. The charm and attractiveness of the character of this hero, created by A. Rybakov in the 60s, are inseparable from his present. The very view of Krosh on the world, on life, is modern, where he first of all wants to distinguish the imaginary and the real from the false, lofty and exaggerated.
The novel "Heavy Sand" (1979) stands apart in the work of A. Rybakov. This novel was published on the pages of the October magazine. The novel "Heavy Sand" became a literary sensation for the Russian-Jewish reader: for the first time in Russian literature after the 1930s. a novel devoted almost exclusively to Jewish life appeared. The novel is dedicated to the love story of Rachel and Yakov Ivanovsky - a page in the history of the Jewish people. With difficulty, due to the unusual subject matter, the novel “Heavy Sand (1978)”, which made its way into the Soviet press and immediately brought immense popularity to Rybakov, tells about the life of a Jewish family in the 1910-1940s in one of the multinational towns of Western Ukraine, about bright and all-overcoming love, carried through decades, about the tragedy of the Holocaust and the courage of the Resistance. Rybakov traces the life of the ramified Ivanovsky-Rakhlenko Jewish family from pre-revolutionary times to World War II (from 1909 to 1942) and the death of most of its members during the Nazi occupation of Ukraine. This pinnacle work of the writer combined all the colors of his artistic palette, adding to them philosophy, craving for historical analysis and mystical symbolism (the image of the main character, beautiful lover, then wife and mother Rachel on the last pages is like a semi-real personification of the anger and revenge of the Jewish people). The background of the novel, Jewish life in Ukraine in the pre-war period, is recreated by the author on the basis of documentary materials collected during Rybakov's trips to the places of extermination of Jews, the theme of the Holocaust is given on a large scale and uncompromisingly. The novel is based on the idea of the immortality of the Jewish people, its heroism, humanity, and resilience. (Some materials and versions of the novel, as well as letters from readers, Rybakov handed over to Tel Aviv University in 1991.)
The idea of an anti-Stalinist novel about his generation came to Rybakov in the late 1950s. And the next stages of Rybakov's work were novels about the life of Soviet society during the years of Stalinist terror: "Children of the Arbat" (1986), "Thirty-fifth and other years" (1989), "Fear" (1990), united by a clearly autobiographical image of Sasha Pankratov. And only in 1987 the first novel of the trilogy "Children of the Arbat" was published, then "Fear" (1991) and "Ashes and Ashes" (1994) were published. The books of the trilogy were published in the Soviet Union with a total circulation of 1.5 million copies, translated into dozens of languages, and were among the world's bestsellers. The play of the same name was staged in more than 30 theaters in the USSR and Europe.
Based on Rybakov's personal experiences, the novel Children of the Arbat (1987) and its continuation of the trilogy "Thirty-fifth" and other years (book one, 1988; book two - "Fear", 1990; book three - "Ashes and Ashes", 1994) recreates fate generation of the 1930s, seeking to uncover the mechanism of totalitarian power. Among the writer's other works are the story The Unknown Soldier (1970) and the autobiographical Novel-Memoirs (1997). Anatoly Rybakov is a laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the RSFSR.
In the novel Children of the Arbat, the author attempted to give a picture of the life of the entire Soviet society in the 1930s; analyzing the state of various strata of society (students, intelligentsia, workers, prisoners and exiles, NKVD officers, etc.), Rybakov revealed the reasons for the transformation of a socialist state into a totalitarian one, with the gradual concentration of all power in the hands of the all-powerful dictator I. Stalin and promotion to the first plan of the repressive apparatus. Against this background, a detailed, fictionalized biography of I. Stalin, the culprit in the death of millions of Soviet citizens, including Jews, is given. There are many characters with Jewish surnames in the novel, both among the victims of terror, and among the Chekists and investigators of the "authorities". "Children of the Arbat" expresses Rybakov's internationalist views: he does not focus on the Jewish question, although he mentions one of the exiles, the Zionist Frida, with obvious sympathy. The author's credo on the Jewish question is expressed through the lips of another Jewish hero, the exiled Boris Soloveichik, who, speaking about the Jewish religion, says without a shadow of a doubt that "religion for a Jew is only a form of national self-preservation, a means against assimilation. But assimilation is inevitable.” "Children of the Arbat", like Rybakov's subsequent books, provoked sharp controversy in public circles and in the Soviet press, including sharp criticism from the Stalinists and communist orthodoxies; the disputes that took place around the novel in 1987-88 were reflected in the collection of articles and letters from readers "Children of the Arbat". From different points of view"
Rybakov's books have been translated into many languages of the world, including Hebrew (Heavy Sand, 1980; Children of the Arbat, 1989; Thirty-Fifth and Other Years, 1992; Fear, 1992). The translation of the novel "Heavy Sand" into Yiddish was published in the journal "Sovetish Geimland" in 1979. Rybakov visited Israel twice, where in 1991 he was awarded the title of honorary doctor of Tel Aviv University. Many of Rybakov's books have been made into feature films. In 1981, Rybakov's collected works were published in four volumes. Books published in 52 countries, with a total circulation of more than 20 million copies.
Almost all of A. Rybakov's works have been made into films and television films, the scripts for which were written by the author himself. Anatoly Naumovich left an autobiographical book "Roman-recollection" (1997). In 2005, the television series "Children of the Arbat" was released. In 2008, the television series "Heavy Sand" was released.
He died on January 23, 1998 in New York, and was buried in Moscow.