Fink Anna

The purpose of my work:

1. Introduce the French writer Antoine into the creative laboratory

de Saint-Exupery.

2. Prove that " A little prince- a philosophical tale.

3. Comprehend the philosophical and aesthetic problems of the work.

4. Understand the commonality of humanistic tendencies in life and literature.

Tasks:

1. Reveal the identity of the writer through the study of his biography, philosophy

and creativity.

2. Find out what is the goal of Antoine de Saint-Exupery

in The Little Prince.

3. Reveal the features of the genre and composition of the work.

4. To give an artistic analysis of the parable-tale of Exupery "Little

5. Using examples from the text, show the features of the language, narrative

writer's manner.

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VYAZMA, SMOLENSK REGION

Research

on literature

Like a philosophical tale

Work completed

student of 8 "A" class

Fink Anna Alexandrovna

And literature

Chizhik Irina Nikolaevna

2011

1.2. "The Little Prince" is the result of the quest of the writer-philosopher.

1. Features of the genre of the work.
2. Philosophical topics fairy tales and romantic traditions.
3. Artistic analysis of the work.
4. Features of the language, the narrative manner of the writer and the composition of the work.
5. Conclusion.

6.1. "The Little Prince" as a children's work?

6.2. Conclusions.

7. Literature.

1. Antoine de Saint-Exupery. Features of creativity.

Antoine de Saint - Exupery was born on June 29, 1900 in Lyon. His father was a count and came from an ancient knightly family. When Antoine was not even four years old, his father died, and the mother, an educated, subtle and charming woman, took up the upbringing of the children. She loved her son and called him the Sun King for his blond, curly hair and upturned snub nose. It was impossible not to love the boy. He grew up shy and kind, showed concern for everyone, watched animals for hours and spent a lot of time in nature. By the age of seventeen, he had become a strong, tall young man, but in a huge, physically developed young man beyond his age, a tender heart beat that did not know grief. Antoine from childhood was fond of drawing, music, poetry and technology, he was comprehensively developed, a man of unusually bright talent. In his works, he always remembers his childhood. He played both knights and kings, and machinists and driving his steam locomotive. He was fascinated by everything he saw. He was from childhood: he always appreciated friendship, it was for him a measure of sincerity, he considered it the most precious feeling on the planet.

Antoine entered the School of Fine Arts in Paris, deciding to become an architect, but four years later, in 1921, he was drafted into the army, where, having got into pilot courses, he became seriously interested in aviation.

His adult life was full of dramatic circumstances. He was often on the verge of death: constant severe aviation accidents, participated in the struggle of the Spanish Republicans: “He did not shirk any risk. Always ahead! Always ready for anything!” friends talked about him. But in his work, his letters, manuscripts and novels, this man revealed himself to the fullest. There were two great passions in Antoine's life that entered his life almost simultaneously: aviation and literature. “For me, flying and writing are the same thing” - this is his answer to the question of what is more important to him. Movement, flight is life, and he felt life itself as flight and movement.

“We are residents of one planet, passengers of one ship,” said Exupery, he dreamed of saving all mankind, he was ready to save everyone on this earth, he lived for her. The role of a passive recorder of ongoing events was alien to him, he was always in the center. In this regard, Exupery wrote: "I have always hated the role of an observer."

During the Second World War, during the years of the fascist occupation, he longed to get into the ranks of French fighter pilots, and repeatedly filed a report with a request to accept him. “I don’t like war, but it’s unbearable for me to stay in the rear when others risk their lives ... In a world where Hitler would reign, there is no place for me ... I want to participate in this war in the name of love for people” ... He died as a hero, defending his country, fighting for the freedom of the whole world, believing in his ideals. Military pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupéry died on a combat mission on July 31, 1944.

New wonderful people live in the works of Exupery. They have magnificent, amazing qualities that the writer reveals to us. They are looking for a missing friend over the Cordillera or draw a lamb for a little guest from another planet, they are pure and trusting, they have a huge childish soul that is not capable of meanness.

The beauty of the world and nature, sunrises and sunsets, each flower - these are the eternal ideals for which Antoine fought, which have remained with us in his books. His thoughts for us are like the light of a distant star or a small planet from which he looks at us. A writer-pilot, like Saint-Exupery, contemplates the earth from a bird's eye view, from the heights of his own iridescent ideal thoughts. From such a position, the whole earth appears as a single, large homeland for all people. Little house in a vast space, but your own, reliable and warm.

Earth is a place that you leave and return to, one big homeland for everyone, a common, only planet, “the land of people”.

1. 1.2. "The Little Prince" is the result of the quest of the writer-philosopher.

"Look for me in what I write..."

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

Interest in the writer's books is determined by their unshakable moral content at all times. Exupery believes and expects that humanity will hear his voice and be imbued with his ideals, and then there will be wonderful world goodness and justice. We see this in his books: "Night Flight", "Southern Postal" and in particular "Planets of People".

In 1943, Antoine de Sainte-Exupery's most famous book, The Little Prince, was published. It is known that in 1935, together with the mechanic, Exupery went on a long-distance flight from Paris to Saigon. During the flight, the engine of his plane stalled, and Exupery fell right in the middle of the Libyan desert. The writer miraculously survived. The radio was silent, there was no water. The pilot climbed under the wing of the plane and tried to sleep. However, after an hour he shuddered and opened his eyes: a few meters from him stood a boy in a red scarf thrown over his shoulder. "Don't be afraid, Antoine! You will be rescued very soon!" - said, smiling, the kid. “Hallucination…”, thought Exupery. But another three hours later he jumped to his feet: a rescue plane was circling in the sky. And this case formed the basis of his book "The Little Prince". And the prototype main character Rosa was his beloved Consuelo. Now this work is known to the whole world, it has been translated into one hundred languages ​​and is one of the most published on the planet.

Exupery has key, favorite images-symbols. Here, for example, they lead storylines: this is the search for water by thirsty pilots, their physical suffering and amazing salvation. The symbol of life - water, quenches the thirst of people lost in the sands, the source of everything that exists on earth, the food and flesh of everyone, the substance that makes it possible to resurrect. In The Little Prince, Exupery will fill this symbol with a deep philosophical content. The fundamental principle of life is water, one of the eternal truths, an unshakable thing with great wisdom. The dehydrated desert is a symbol of a world devastated by war, chaos, destruction, human callousness, envy and selfishness. This is a world in which a person dies of spiritual thirst.

The salvation of mankind from the impending inevitable catastrophe is one of the main themes in the writer's work. He actively develops it in the work “Planet of People”.

Exactly the same theme in The Little Prince, but here it gets a deeper development. Saint-Exupery did not write any of his works, and did not hatch for as long as the “Little Prince”. Often, motifs from The Little Prince are found in the writer’s previous works: the love of Bernice and Genevieve from the Southern Post Office is already a loosely outlined relationship between the Little Prince and the rose. And the theme of the relationship between an adult and a child, as he once was, between these different worlds of children, where there is always a holiday and happiness, and the world of adults, where only courage is beautiful, we meet both in the Southern Post Office and in letters to Rene de Saussin, and in letters to his mother, and in the last episode of Planet of the People, and in notes from Notebooks.

And of all the works, only one falls out - “Night Flight”. Here is another topic, or rather, the topic of relations between adults and children, declared and loved by the author, does not sound. But, most likely, this is not because of the changed position of the writer and not because of a change in interests and principles, but only because it “did not fit” into the composition of the work, the writer had to cross it out, but only as inharmonious in this situation and no more.

In the topic " prodigal son” from “Letter to a Hostage”, adult children again appear before us, having forgotten their “inner homeland”, their ideals of childhood.

In "Military Pilot" we again have childhood memories (a boy asking about the maid Paula), which give reason to draw a parallel with the death of the writer's younger brother, François. It wasn't terrible death can be said to be blissful. All these tender, touching feelings are very close in terms of feelings and sensations of the world to the Little Prince.

There are also small episodes in The Citadel, again close in spirit to The Little Prince. These are three white pebbles, which alone make up the real, valuable wealth of a child, and therefore, only when you console a little girl in tears, order will be restored to the world and happiness will be possible. In almost every work of Exupery, one can find echoes of the themes of The Little Prince.

Also in the "Planet of People" there is an episode when the author sees a wonderful child. He compares it to the “golden fruit”, and also to the “little prince”. The narrator says that, perhaps, it was in this child that the future Mozart lurked. The old gardener, the character of this book, already on his deathbed did not stop thinking about his favorite business: “After all, digging is so wonderful! A man is free when he digs.”

And again we see a parallel. It is no coincidence that the Little Prince from the fairy tale is also a gardener. To protect, care for and cherish the beautiful Rose, he considered his vocation. “I was created to become a gardener,” said Exupery and himself. “But there are no gardeners for people,” he summed up bitterly.

What way of salvation does Antoine de Saint-Exupery see?

“Love does not mean looking at each other, it means looking in the same direction,” this thought determines the ideological concept of the story-tale. The Little Prince was written in 1943, and the tragedy of Europe in the Second World War, the writer's memories of the defeated, occupied France leave their mark on the work. With his light, sad and wise tale, Exupery defended the undying humanity, the living spark in the souls of people. In a sense, the story was the result creative way writer, philosophical, artistic comprehension.

The purpose of my work:

De Saint Exupery.

Tasks:

And creativity.

Prince".

Writer's manner.

2. Features of the genre of the work.

The need for deep generalizations prompted Saint-Exupery to turn to the parable genre. The absence of a specific historical content, the conventionality characteristic of this genre, its didactic conditionality allowed the writer to express his views on the issues that worried him. moral issues time. The genre of the parable becomes the implementer of Saint-Exupery's reflections on the essence of human existence.

A fairy tale, like a parable, is the oldest genre of oral folk art. It teaches a person to live, instills optimism in him, affirms faith in the triumph of goodness and justice. Real human relationships are always hidden behind the fantastic nature of the fairy tale and fiction. Like a parable, moral and social truth always triumphs in a fairy tale. In The Little Prince, both these genres are closely interconnected. The fairy tale-parable “The Little Prince” was written not only for children, but also for adults who have not yet completely lost their childish impressionability, a childishly open view of the world and the ability to fantasize. The author himself possessed such childishly sharp eyesight.

3. Philosophical theme of the fairy tale and romantic traditions.

The fact that “The Little Prince” is a fairy tale, we determine by the fairy-tale features in the work: the hero’s fantastic journey, fairy tale characters(Fox, Snake, Rose).

"Type" literary fairy tale"The Little Prince" can be considered a folklore fairy tale with a wandering plot: a handsome prince leaves his father's house because of unhappy love and wanders along endless roads in search of happiness and adventure. He tries to gain fame and thereby win the impregnable heart of the princess.

Saint-Exupery takes this story as a basis, but rethinks it in his own way, even ironically. His handsome prince is just a child, suffering from a capricious and eccentric flower. Naturally, there is no question of a happy ending with a wedding. In his wanderings, the little prince meets not with fabulous monsters, but with people bewitched, like an evil spell, by selfish and petty passions.

But this is only the outer side of the plot. First of all, this is a philosophical tale. And, therefore, behind the seemingly simple and unpretentious plot and irony, there is a deep meaning. The author touches in it in an abstract way through allegories, metaphors and symbols of the theme of a cosmic scale: good and evil, life and death, human existence, true love, moral beauty, friendship, endless loneliness, the relationship between the individual and the crowd, and many others.

Despite the fact that the Little Prince is a child, a true vision of the world opens up to him, which is inaccessible even to an adult. Yes, and people with dead souls, whom he meets on his way main character much scarier than fairy-tale monsters. The relationship between the prince and the Rose is much more complicated than the relationship between princes and princesses from folklore tales. After all, it is for the sake of the Rose that the Little Prince sacrifices his material shell - he chooses bodily death.

The story has a strong romantic tradition. Firstly, this is the choice of the folklore genre - fairy tales. Romantics turn to the genres of oral folk art not by chance. Folklore is the childhood of mankind, and the theme of childhood in romanticism is one of the key themes.

German idealist philosophers put forward the thesis that man is equal to God in that he can, like the Almighty, can produce an idea and realize it in reality. And the evil in the world comes from the fact that a person forgets that he is like God. A person begins to live only for the sake of the material shell, forgetting about spiritual aspirations. Only the soul of the child and the soul of the Artist are not subject to mercantile interests and, accordingly, Evil. Hence, the cult of childhood can be traced in the work of romantics.

But the main tragedy The “adult” heroes of Saint-Exupery are not so much that they are subordinate to the material world, but that they “lost” all spiritual qualities and began to exist senselessly, and not live in the full sense of the word.

Because it philosophical work, then the author puts global themes in a generalized abstract form. He considers the theme of Evil in two aspects: on the one hand, it is“micro evil” , that is, evil within a single person. This is the deadness and inner emptiness of the inhabitants of the planets, which personify everything human vices. And it is no coincidence that the inhabitants of the planet Earth are characterized through the inhabitants of the planets seen by the Little Prince. “Earth is not a simple planet! There are one hundred and eleven kings (including, of course, Negro kings), seven thousand geographers, nine hundred thousand businessmen, seven and a half million drunkards, three hundred and eleven million ambitious people - a total of about two billion adults. By this, the author emphasizes how petty and dramatic the contemporary world is. But Exupery is by no means a pessimist. He believes that humanity, like the Little Prince, will comprehend the secret of being, and each person will find his guiding star that will illuminate his life path.

The second aspect of the theme of evil can be conditionally titled“macrobreak” . Baobabs are a personified image of evil in general. One of the interpretations of this metaphorical image is connected with fascism. Saint-Exupery wanted people to carefully uproot the evil “baobabs” that threatened to tear the planet apart. “Beware of the baobabs!” - conjures the writer. He himself illustrated the fairy tale, and when you look at the roots of these trees that have entangled a small planet, you involuntarily recall the sign of the Nazi swastika. The tale itself was written because it was "terribly important and urgent." The writer often repeated that the seeds lie in the ground for the time being, and then they germinate, and from the seeds of the cedar - the cedar grows, and from the seeds of the blackthorn - the blackthorn. Good seeds need to sprout. “After all, all adults were children at first ...”. People must save and not lose on life path all that is bright, good and pure in the soul, which will make them incapable of evil and violence.

Only the man with the rich inner world and aspiring to spiritual self-improvement has the right to be called a Personality. Unfortunately, the inhabitants of small planets and planet Earth have forgotten about this simple truth and have become like a thoughtless and faceless crowd.

For the first time, the theme of the individual and the crowd in philosophy was singled out by the German romantic philosopher I. Fichte. He proves that all people are divided into ordinary people (crowd) and artists (personality), according to their relation to the material (evil). The conflict between the individual and the crowd is initially insoluble.

The conflict between the protagonist and the inhabitants of the planets (“strange adults”) is also unresolvable. Adults will never understand a child prince. They are alien to each other. The townsfolk are blind and deaf to the call of the heart, the impulse of the soul. Their tragedy is that they do not strive to become a Personality. “Serious people” live in their own, artificially created world, fenced off from the rest (everyone has their own planet!) and consider it true meaning being! These faceless masks will never know what true love, friendship and beauty are.

It follows from this topicthe main principle of romanticism is the principle of duality. The world of the layman, who is not accessible to the spiritual principle, and the world of the artist (the Little Prince, the author, the Fox, the Rose), who has moral qualities, will never come into contact.

Only the Artist is able to see the essence - inner beauty and the harmony of the world around him. Even on the planet of the lamplighter, the Little Prince remarks: “When he lights the lantern, it is as if one star or flower is still being born. And when he extinguishes the lantern, it is as if a star or a flower falls asleep. Great job. It's really useful because it's beautiful." The protagonist talks about the inner side of the beautiful, and not its outer shell. Human labor must have meaning, and not just turn into mechanical actions. Any business is useful only when it is internally beautiful.

In a conversation with a geographer, another important aesthetic theme is touched upon - the ephemeral nature of beauty. “Beauty is short-lived,” the protagonist remarks sadly. Therefore, Saint-Exupery urges us to treat everything beautiful as carefully as possible and try not to lose the beauty within ourselves on the difficult path of life - the beauty of the soul and heart.

But the most important thing about the beautiful Little Prince learns from the Fox. Outwardly beautiful, but empty inside, roses do not evoke any feelings in a contemplative child. They are dead to him. The protagonist discovers the truth for himself, the author and readers - only that which is filled with content and deep meaning is beautiful.

Misunderstanding, alienation of people is another important philosophical theme.Saint-Exupery not only touches on the topic of misunderstanding between an adult and a child, but on the topic of misunderstanding and loneliness on a cosmic scale. deadness human soul leads to loneliness. A person judges others only by the “outer shell”, not seeing the main thing in a person - his inner moral beauty: “When you say to adults:“ I saw beautiful house made of pink bricks, it has geraniums in the windows, and pigeons on the roofs, ”they can’t imagine this house in any way. They need to be told: “I saw a house for a hundred thousand francs,” and then they exclaim: “What a beauty!” People are separated and alone, even when they are together, due to the inability to understand, love another and create bonds of friendship: “Where are the people? The little prince finally spoke up again. “It’s still lonely in the desert ... “It’s lonely among people, too,” the snake noticed.” The author also feels lonely, misunderstood by anyone. His loneliness among people is close to the loneliness of the Little Prince. The true talent of a person, his talent can only be understood by people with an open and pure heart. That is why the Little Prince so easily and quickly finds a friend in the person of the author, that is why the prince understands the author without words and is ready to open to a friend all the secrets of his own heart.

One of the key philosophical themes of the fairy tale “The Little Prince” is the theme of being.It is divided into real being - existence and ideal being - essence. Real being is temporary, transient, while ideal being is eternal, unchanging. Meaning human life is to comprehend, to get as close as possible to the essence. “Serious people” from the Earth and from asteroid planets are dissolved in real life and do not seek to comprehend the essence enduring values. And the soul of the author and the little prince are not shackled by the ice of indifference, deadness. Therefore, a true vision of the world opens up to them: they learn the price of true friendship, love and beauty. This is the theme of “vigilance” of the heart, the ability to “see” with the heart, to understand without words. The little prince does not immediately comprehend this wisdom. He leaves his own planet, not knowing that what he will look for on different planets will be so close - on his home planet.

4. Artistic analysis of the work.

Written in the tradition of a romantic philosophical fairy tale, the images found in the work are deeply symbolic, since we can only guess what the author wanted to say and interpret each image depending on personal perception. The main symbols are the Little Prince, the Fox, the Rose and the Desert.

A little prince

Desert

The narrator suffers an accident in the desert - this is one of the storylines in the story, its background. In essence, the fairy tale was born in the desert. The fairy tales that we know and love were born in the forest, in the mountains, on the seashore - where people live. In the fairy tale of Saint-Exupery, only the desert and the stars. Why? It has long been noticed that a person, having found himself in an extreme situation, being on the verge of life and death, seems to re-experience, rethink his life, give it harsh assessments, trying to identify the most valuable, real in it and sweep away the tinsel. A person perceives life itself in a new way: what is the main thing in it, and what is accidental. The narrator finds himself face to face with the dead desert, the sands. To see what is true in life and what is false, he is helped by the Little Prince, an alien from the “planet of childhood”. Therefore, the meaning of this image in the work is special - it is like an X-ray beam that helps a person to see what is hidden from a superficial glance. Therefore, the theme of childhood with its uncomplicated look, crystal clear and clear consciousness and freshness of feelings occupies a central place in the story. Truly - "the mouth of a child speaks the truth."

The story has two storylines.: the narrator and the related theme of the world of adults and - the line of the Little Prince, the story of his life.

The first chapter of the story is an introductory, key to one of the important problems of the work - the problem of "fathers" and "children", to the eternal problem of generations. The pilot, recalling his childhood and the failure he suffered with drawings No. 1 and No. 2, argues as follows: “Adults never understand anything themselves, and for children it is very tiring to explain and interpret everything to them endlessly.” This phrase serves as a starting point in the subsequent development of the theme of "fathers" and "children", in the complex path of an adult pilot to understanding the child, to the author's return to his childhood. Adults couldn't understand children's drawing the narrator, and only the Little Prince was able to quickly recognize the elephant in the boa constrictor. Thanks to this drawing, which the pilot always carried with him, mutual understanding is established between the child and the adult.

The kid, in turn, asks to draw a lamb for him. But every time the drawing turns out to be unsuccessful: the lamb was either “too frail”, then “too old” ... “Here is a box for you,” the narrator says to the child, “and in it sits such a lamb as you want.” The boy liked this invention: he could fantasize as much as he wanted, imagining the lamb in different ways. The child reminded the adult of his childhood, they acquire the ability to understand each other. The ability to enter the child's world, understand it and accept it - that's what can bring the world of adults and the world of children closer together.

The little prince is laconic - he speaks very little about himself and his planet. Only little by little, from random, casually dropped words, the pilot learns that the baby has arrived from a distant planet, “which is all the size of a house” and is called “asteroid B-612”. The little prince tells the pilot about how he is at war with the baobabs, which take root so deep and strong that they can tear apart his little planet. The first sprouts must be weeded out, otherwise it will be too late, “this is a very boring job.” But he has a "hard rule": "...get up in the morning, wash your face, put yourself in order - and immediately put your planet in order." People must take care of the cleanliness and beauty of their planet, jointly protect and decorate it, and prevent all living things from perishing. So, gradually, unobtrusively, another story appears in the fairy tale. important topic- environmental, which is very relevant for our time. It seems that the author of the fairy tale “foresaw” future ecological catastrophes and warned about careful attitude to the native and beloved planet. Saint-Exupery was acutely aware of how small and fragile our planet is. The journey of the Little Prince from star to star brings us closer to today's vision of space, where the Earth, through the negligence of people, can disappear almost imperceptibly. Therefore, the tale has not lost its relevance to this day; therefore its genre is philosophical, for it is addressed to all people, it raises eternal problems.

The little prince from Saint-Exupery's fairy tale cannot imagine his life without love for gentle sunsets, without the sun. “I once saw the sunset forty-three times in one day!” he says to the pilot. And a little later he adds: “You know... when it becomes very sad, it's good to see how the sun goes down...” The child feels like a particle of the natural world, he calls adults to unite with it.

The established harmony between the relationship between an adult and a child is almost violated in chapter seven. The kid is worried about the thought of a lamb and a rose: can he eat it, and if so, then why are the thorns given to the flower? But the pilot is very busy: a nut was stuck in the engine, and he tried to unscrew it, so he answered questions inappropriately, the first thing that came to mind, angrily throwing: "You see, I'm busy with serious business." The little prince is amazed: “You speak like adults” and “you don’t understand anything”, like that gentleman “with a purple face”, who lives alone on his planet. In all his life he never smelled a flower, never looked at a star, never loved anyone. He only added up the numbers and from morning to evening he repeated one thing: “I am a serious person! I am a serious person!.. Just like you.” The little prince, pale with anger, explains to the narrator how important it is to save the only flower in the world that grows only on his planet from a little lamb, who “one fine morning will suddenly take and eat it and will not even know that he done." The kid explains to an adult how important it is to think and take care of the one you love, and feel happy about it. “If the lamb eats it, it's the same as if all the stars went out at once! And it doesn't matter to you!"

The child teaches a lesson to an adult, becomes his wise mentor, which made him ashamed and felt "terribly awkward and clumsy."

The story is followed by a story about the Little Prince and his planet, and here the story of Rose occupies a special place. Rosa was capricious and touchy, and the baby was completely exhausted with her. But “on the other hand, she was so beautiful that it took her breath away!”, And he forgave the flower for its whims. However, the empty words of the beauty, the Little Prince took to heart and began to feel very unhappy.

Rose - it is a symbol of love, beauty, femininity. The little prince did not immediately see the true inner essence of beauty. But after talking with the Fox, the truth was revealed to him - beauty only becomes beautiful when it is filled with meaning, content. “You are beautiful, but empty,” continued the Little Prince. “You don’t want to die for your sake. Of course, a random passerby, looking at my rose, will say that it is exactly the same as you. But for me, she is dearer than all of you ... ”Telling this story about a rose, the little hero admits that he did not understand anything then. “It was necessary to judge not by words, but by deeds. She gave me her fragrance, lit up my life. I shouldn't have run. Behind these miserable tricks and tricks one should have guessed tenderness. The flowers are so inconsistent! But I was too young to know how to love!” This once again confirms the Fox's idea that words only interfere with understanding each other. The true essence can only be "seen" by the heart.

The kid is active and hardworking. Every morning he watered the Rose, talked to her, cleaned the three volcanoes on his planet to give more heat, pulled out the weeds ... And yet he felt very lonely. In search of friends, in the hope of finding true love, he sets off on his journey through other worlds. He is looking for people in the endless desert surrounding him, because in communication with them he hopes to understand himself and the world around him, to gain experience, which he lacked so much.

Visiting six planets in succession, the Little Prince on each of them is faced with a certain life phenomenon embodied in the inhabitants of these planets: power, vanity, drunkenness, pseudo-science ... According to Saint-Exupery, they embodied the most common human vices brought to the point of absurdity . It is no coincidence that it is here that the hero has the first doubts about the correctness of human judgments.

On the planet of the king, the Little Prince cannot understand why power is needed at all, but feels sympathy for the king, because he was very kind, and therefore gave only reasonable orders. Exupery does not deny power, he simply reminds the powerful of this world that the ruler must be wise and that power must be based on the law.

On the next two planets, the Little Prince meets an ambitious man and a drunkard - and acquaintance with them plunges him into confusion. Their behavior is completely inexplicable for him and causes only disgust. The protagonist sees through all the meaninglessness of their lives, the worship of "false" ideals.

But the most terrible in the moral aspect is a business man. His soul is so deadened that he does not see the beauty that surrounds him. He looks at the stars not through the eyes of an artist, but through the eyes of a businessman. The author does not randomly choose the stars. By this, he emphasizes the complete lack of spirituality of a business person, his inability to contemplate the beautiful.

The only one who does his job is the lamplighter: “... here is a man whom everyone would despise - both the king, and the ambitious, and the drunkard, and the businessman. And meanwhile, of all of them, he alone, in my opinion, is not funny. Maybe because he thinks not only about himself, ”the kid says so. But the “loyalty to custom” of the poor lamplighter, who is doomed to light and extinguish his useless lantern without rest, is just as absurd and sad.

The meaninglessness of existence, a life wasted in vain, stupid claims to power, wealth, special position or honors - all these are the properties of people who imagine that they have " common sense". The planet of people seems to the hero callous and uncomfortable: “What a strange planet! .. Completely dry, all salty and in needles. People lack imagination. They just repeat what you tell them.” If you tell these people about a friend, they will never ask about the most important thing - their questions are about the completely unimportant: “How old is he? How many brothers does he have? How much does he weigh? How much does his father earn? And after that they imagine that they have recognized the Man.” Is a “sane” person who confuses a “boa constrictor that swallowed an elephant” with an ordinary hat deserves trust? What gives a true picture of the house: its value in francs or the fact that it is a house with pink columns? And finally - would the planet of the Little Prince cease to exist if the Turkish astronomer who discovered it refused to change into a European costume, and his discovery would not have received recognition?

Listening to the sonorous and sad voice of the Little Prince, you understand that in “adult” people the natural generosity of the heart, directness and sincerity, the master’s care for the cleanliness of the planet have died. Instead of decorating their house, cultivating their garden, they wage wars, drain their brains with figures, insult the beauty of sunrises and sunsets with vanity and greed. No, this is not the way to live! Beyond bewilderment little hero hides the bitterness of the writer himself about what is happening on earth. Saint-Exupery makes the reader look at familiar phenomena from a different angle. “You can’t see the main thing with your eyes. Only the heart is vigilant!” - says the author.

Not finding what the kid was looking for on small planets, he, on the advice of the geographer, goes to the big planet Earth. The first person the Little Prince meets on Earth was the Snake. According to mythology Snake guards the sources of wisdom or immortality, personifies magical powers, appears in the rites of conversion as a symbol of restoration. In a fairy tale, she combines miraculous power and woeful knowledge of human fate: "Everyone whom I touch, I return to the earth from which he came." She invites the hero to get acquainted with the life of the Earth and shows him the way to people, while assuring that "among people it is also lonely." On Earth, the prince will have to test himself and make the most important decision in his life. The snake doubts that he will be able to maintain his purity, having gone through the trials, but, be that as it may, she will help the baby return to his home planet by giving him his poison.

The Little Prince experiences the strongest impression when he gets into the rose garden. He felt even more unhappy: “his beauty told him that there are no like her in the whole universe,” and in front of him were “five thousand exactly the same flowers.” It turns out that he had the most ordinary rose, and even three volcanoes “up to my knee”, what kind of prince is he after that ...

fox . Since ancient times, in fairy tales, Fox (not a fox!) Is a symbol of wisdom and knowledge of life. The conversations of the Little Prince with this wise animal become a kind of climax in the story, because in them the hero finally finds what he was looking for. The clarity and purity of consciousness that were lost are returning to him. The fox opens the life of the human heart to the baby, teaches the rituals of love and friendship, which people have long forgotten about and therefore lost their friends and lost the ability to love. Not without reason, the flower says about people: "They are carried by the wind." And the switchman in a conversation with the main character, answering the question: where are people in a hurry? He remarks: “Even the driver himself does not know this.” This allegory can be interpreted as follows. People have forgotten how to look at the stars at night, to admire the beauty of sunsets, to experience the pleasure of the fragrance of a rose. They submitted to the vanity of earthly life, forgetting about “simple truths”: the joy of communication, friendship, love and human happiness: “If you love a flower - the only one that is no longer on any of the many millionth stars, it’s enough: you look at the sky and you feel happy.” And the author is very bitter to say that people do not see this and turn their lives into a meaningless existence.

The fox says that the prince for him is only one of a thousand other little boys, just as he is for the prince only an ordinary fox, of which there are hundreds of thousands. “But if you tame me, we will need each other. You will be the only one in the world for me. And I will be alone for you in the whole world ... if you tame me, my life will be like the sun will light up. Your steps I will distinguish among thousands of others...” The fox reveals to the Little Prince the secret of taming: to tame means to create bonds of love, unity of souls.

Love not only connects us with other beings, but also helps us better understand the world makes our own lives richer. And one more secret is revealed by the Fox to the baby: “Only the heart is vigilant. You won’t see the most important thing with your eyes... Your Rose is so dear to you because you gave her all your soul... People have forgotten this truth, but don’t forget: you are forever responsible for everyone you tamed.” To tame means to bind oneself to another being with tenderness, love, a sense of responsibility. To tame means to destroy the facelessness and indifferent attitude towards all living things. To tame means to make the world significant and generous, for everything in it reminds of a beloved being. The narrator also comprehends this truth, and for him the stars come to life, and he hears the ringing of silver bells in the sky, reminiscent of the laughter of the Little Prince. The theme of “expansion of the soul” through love runs throughout the tale.

The little prince comprehends this wisdom, and with him it is revealed to both the pilot-narrator and the reader. Together with the little hero, we rediscover for ourselves the most important thing in life, which was hidden, buried by all sorts of husks, but which is the only value for a person. The little prince learns what the bonds of friendship are. Saint-Exupery also speaks of friendship on the first page of the story - in the dedication. In the author's system of values, the theme of friendship occupies one of the main places. Only friendship can melt the ice of loneliness and alienation, as it is based on mutual understanding, mutual trust and mutual assistance.

“It's sad when friends are forgotten. Not everyone has a friend,” says the hero of the tale. Little heroine from A. Gaidar's story "The Blue Cup". Svetlanka, like the Little Prince, has the ability to see the true essence of the world around her. She looks at the world without prejudice. And her father is similar to the author. In the midst of the eternal bustle of "adult" life, he does not remember human happiness. Constantly guided by reason, he forgets to listen to the most important thing - to the voice of his own heart. And the little girl, regardless of her desire, managed to show her father completely new world human relationships, childhood relationships; the world, also complex, but richer in feelings and some kind of inner understanding of the beauty of the surrounding people and nature.

At the beginning of the tale, the Little Prince leaves his only Rose, then he leaves his new friend Fox on Earth. “There is no perfection in the world,” the Fox will say. But on the other hand, there is harmony, there is humanity, there is a person’s responsibility for the work entrusted to him, for the person close to him, there is also responsibility for his planet, for everything that happens on it.

planets , to which the Little Prince returns. It is a symbol of the human soul, a symbol of the home of the human heart. Exupery wants to say that each person has his own planet, his own island and his own guiding star, which a person should not forget. “I would like to know why the stars shine,” he /the Little Prince/ thoughtfully said. “Probably so that sooner or later everyone can find their own again.” The heroes of the fairy tale, having gone through a thorny path, found their star, and the author believes that the reader will also find his distant star.

"The Little Prince" is romantic fairy tale, a dream that has not disappeared, but is kept by people, cherished by them, like something precious from childhood. Childhood walks somewhere nearby and comes in moments of the most terrible despair and loneliness, when there is nowhere to go. It will fit as if nothing had happened, as if it never left us for these long years, will squat next to him and ask, looking with curiosity at the broken plane: “What is this thing?” Then everything will fall into place, and that clarity and transparency, fearless directness of judgments and assessments, which only children have, will return to an already adult person.

The little prince asked the pilot: “... Do you know why the desert is good?” And he himself gave the answer: “Springs are hidden somewhere in it ...”well in the desert, as another hypostasis of the image-symbol of water, is very significant for Saint-Exupery. In ancient chronicles, beliefs and legends, dragons guarded the water, but the desert near Saint-Exupery can guard it no worse than dragons, it can hide it so that no one will ever find it. Each person is the master of his own springs, the sources of his soul, but sometimes we ourselves cannot find them.

“She was born from long way under the stars, from the creaking of the gate, from the effort of the hands... She was like a gift to the heart...” – this is not just water. She was found by the characters in the book. We all believe that someday we will be able to find a pure spring, this eternal, unshakable truth that the writer keeps in his works. In each of us lives such a little prince, whose just creator hides water and waits for faith to lead us to it. The author's sincere belief in the existence of hidden springs gives the finale of the fairy tale-parable a life-affirming sound. The work contains a powerful creative moment, a belief in improving and changing the unjust order of things. The life aspirations of the heroes are in harmony with the moral universal principle. In their fusion, the meaning and general direction of the work.

5. Features of the language, the narrative manner of the writer and the composition of the work.

The composition of the work is very peculiar. The parabola is the main component of the structure of the traditional parable. The Little Prince is no exception. It looks like this: the action takes place in a specific time and a specific situation. The plot develops as follows: there is a movement along a curve, which, having reached the highest point of incandescence, again returns to the starting point. The peculiarity of such plot construction is that, having returned to the starting point, the plot acquires a new philosophical and ethical meaning. A new point of view on the problem, finds a solution.

The beginning and end of the story "The Little Prince" are related to the hero's arrival on Earth or leaving the Earth, the pilot and the Fox. The little prince again flies to his planet, to look after and raise a beautiful Rose.

During the time that the pilot and the prince - an adult and a child - spent together, they discovered a lot of new things both in each other and in life. After parting, they took with them pieces of each other, they became wiser, they learned the world of a stranger and their own, only from the other side.

We have already spoken about the genre features of the story in the initial part of our study. As a result, it is worth noting and highlighting the following: “The Little Prince” is not a traditional and generally accepted kind of fairy tale-parable familiar to all of us. We see before us a new version of it, modified, adapted to the laws of the present time. This is also confirmed by the huge number of details, allusions, images taken from the realities of the 20th century that saturate the work.

The story has a very rich language. The author uses a lot of amazing and inimitable literary techniques. A melody is heard in its text: “... And at night I like to listen to the stars. Like five hundred million bells...”. Its simplicity is childlike truth and precision.

Exupery's language is full of memories and reflections about life, about the world and, of course, about childhood:

“...When I was six years old... I once saw an amazing picture...” or: “...It has been six years since my friend left me with the lamb.”

The style and the special, mystical manner of Saint-Exupery, which is unlike anything else, is a transition from an image to a generalization, from a parable to morality. You need to have a great writing talent to see the world the way Exupery did.

The language of his work is natural and expressive: “laughter, like a spring in the desert”, “five hundred million bells”. It would seem that ordinary, familiar concepts suddenly acquire a new original meaning from him: “water”, “fire”, “friendship”. Just as fresh and natural are many of his metaphors: “they (volcanoes) sleep deep underground until one of them decides to wake up”; the writer uses paradoxical combinations of words that you will not find in ordinary speech: “children should be very indulgent towards adults”, “if you go straight and straight, you won’t go far ...” or “people don’t have enough time to learn something ".

In this manner: expressing one's thoughts is a mystery, it tells old truths in a new way, their true meaning is revealed, forcing readers to think.

The narrative style of the story also has a number of features. This is a confidential conversation of old friends - this is how the author communicates with the reader. Therefore, I want to believe him, knowing that he will never deceive. We feel the presence of the author, who believes in goodness and reason, in the near future, when life on earth will change. One can speak of a peculiar melodic narration, sad and thoughtful, built on soft transitions from humor to serious thoughts, on semitones, transparent and light, like watercolor illustrations of a fairy tale, created by the writer himself and being an integral part of the artistic fabric of the work.

1. Conclusion.

6.1. "The Little Prince" as a children's work?

The phenomenon of the fairy tale “The Little Prince” is that written for adults, it has firmly entered the circle children's reading. Not everything accessible to adults will open immediately to children. But children read this book with pleasure, as it attracts them with the simplicity of presentation, designed for the child, with that special atmosphere of spirituality inherent in this particular fairy tale, the lack of which is so acutely felt today. The vision of the author's ideal in the child's soul is also close to children. Only in children does Exupery see the most valuable, unclouded basis of human existence. For only children are able to see things in their true light, regardless of their “practical use”!

6.2. Conclusions.

Reading Exupery, we kind of change the angle of view on banal, everyday phenomena. It leads to the comprehension of obvious truths: you can’t hide the stars in a jar and it’s pointless to count them, you need to take care of those for whom you are responsible and listen to the voice of your own heart. Everything is simple and complex at the same time.

“On your planet,” said the Little Prince, “people grow five thousand roses in one garden… and they don’t find what they are looking for…

They don't, I agreed.

But what they are looking for can only be found in a single rose, a sip of water…”

The main thing for which this fairy tale was written is for children to remember this truth and not to pass by the main thing - one must be faithful in love and friendship, one must listen to the voice of the heart, one cannot be indifferent to what is happening in the world, one cannot be passive to evil, everyone is responsible not only for their own fate, but also for the fate of another person.

“... Each person has his own stars. For some, for those who wander, they show the way, for others, they are just small lights, ”- so said the Little Prince, and the writer A. S. Exupery teaches us to see with the heart the souls of those who are dear and close to us, to love those whom we have tamed.

This tale is wise and humane, and its author is not only a poet, but also a philosopher. He speaks simply and penetratingly about the most important things: about duty and fidelity, about friendship and love, about a passionate, active love for life and people, about intolerance for evil, and about how a person should be in this not yet very well-organized , sometimes unkind, but beloved and only, our planet Earth.

1. Literature.

1. Belousova S.I., Aleksanova M.A. Mysticism in the life of great people. Nizhny Novgorod: Gazetny Mir, 2010.
2. Bukovskaya A. Saint-Exupery or the paradoxes of humanism. M.: Raduga, 1983.
3. Weissman N.I., Garvat R.F. "Only the heart is vigilant." // Literature at school, 1992, No. 1.
4. Grachev R. Writers of France. M.: Enlightenment, 1964.
5. Grigoriev V.P. Antoine de Saint-Exupery. L .: Education, 1973.
6. Gubman B.L. "Truth for a man is what makes him a man." [Foreword] // Saint-Exupery A. The Little Prince and others. Moscow: Higher school, 1992.
7. Zverev A. Poetry and the cruelty of the test. // Book Review, 1997, March 4.
8. Korotkov A. Saint-Ex, the destroyer of machines: about the pilot who composed a great fairy tale. // First of September, 1995, March 11.
9. Kubareva N.P. Modern foreign story in school studies. M. : Moscow Lyceum, 1999.
10. Lungina L.Z. A living miracle of a fairy tale. [Foreword] // Rodari J. Adventure of Chipollino et al. Minsk: Science and Technology, 1986.
11. Mizho M. Saint-Exupery. ZhZL. Moscow: Young guard, 1963.
12. Morois A. Saint-Exupery. // Morua A. Literary portraits. Moscow: Progress, 1970.
13. Poltoratskaya N.I. French literary fairy tale in the XX century. [Foreword] // Tales of French writers. L.: Lenizdat, 1988.
14. Sardaryan A.R. One Hundred Great Love Stories / A.R. Sardaryan. – M.: Veche, 2009.
15. Smirnova V. A. Books and fates. Articles and memories. Moscow: Soviet writer, 1968.
16. Filatova M. The Little Prince, sick with love. // Culture, 1993, No. 31.

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL №7

VYAZMA, SMOLENSK REGION

Abstracts

to research work

on literature

"The Little Prince" by Antoine de Saint-Exupery

Like a philosophical tale

Work completed

student of 8 "A" class

Fink Anna Alexandrovna

Leader - teacher of the Russian language

And literature

Chizhik Irina Nikolaevna

2011

Antoine de Saint - Exupery was born on June 29, 1900 in Lyon. There were two great passions in his life that entered his life almost simultaneously: aviation and literature. “For me, flying and writing are the same thing,” is his answer to the question of what is more important to him. Movement, flight is life, and he felt life itself as flight and movement. Military pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupéry died on a combat mission on July 31, 1944.

In 1943, Antoine de Sainte-Exupery's most famous book, The Little Prince, was published. It is known that in 1935, together with the mechanic, Exupery went on a long-distance flight from Paris to Saigon. During the flight, the engine of his plane stalled, and Exupery fell right in the middle of the Libyan desert. The writer miraculously survived. The radio was silent, there was no water. The pilot climbed under the wing of the plane and tried to sleep. However, after an hour he shuddered and opened his eyes: a few meters from him stood a boy in a red scarf thrown over his shoulder. "Don't be afraid, Antoine! You will be rescued very soon!" - said, smiling, the kid. “Hallucination…”, thought Exupery. But another three hours later he jumped to his feet: a rescue plane was circling in the sky. This incident formed the basis of his book The Little Prince. And the prototype of the main character Rosa was his beloved Consuelo. Now this work is known to the whole world, it has been translated into one hundred languages ​​and is one of the most published on the planet. With his light, sad and wise tale, Exupery defended the undying humanity, the living spark in the souls of people. In a sense, the story was the result of the writer's creative path, his philosophical, artistic comprehension.

The purpose of my work:

1. Introduce the French writer Antoine into the creative laboratory

De Saint Exupery.

2. Prove that The Little Prince is a philosophical fairy tale.

3. Comprehend the philosophical and aesthetic problems of the work.

4. Understand the commonality of humanistic tendencies in life and literature.

Tasks:

1. Reveal the identity of the writer through the study of his biography, philosophy

And creativity.

2. Find out what is the goal of Antoine de Saint-Exupery

In The Little Prince.

3. Reveal the features of the genre and composition of the work.

4. To give an artistic analysis of the parable-tale of Exupery "Little

Prince".

5. Using examples from the text, show the features of the language, narrative

Writer's manner.

The need for deep generalizations prompted Saint-Exupery to turn to the parable genre. And the fact that the “Little Prince” is a fairy tale, we determine by the fairy-tale features in the work: the hero’s fantastic journey, fairy-tale characters (Fox, Snake, Rose). The “prototype” of the literary fairy tale “The Little Prince” can be considered a folk fairy tale with a wandering plot: a handsome prince leaves his father’s house because of unhappy love and wanders along endless roads in search of happiness and adventure. But this is only the outer side of the plot. First of all, this is a philosophical tale. The author touches in it in an abstract form through allegories, metaphors and symbols themes of a cosmic scale: good and evil, life and death, human existence, true love, moral beauty, friendship, endless loneliness, the relationship between the individual and the crowd. Despite the fact that the Little Prince is a child, a true vision of the world opens up to him, which is inaccessible even to an adult. Yes, and people with dead souls, whom the main character meets on his way, are much worse than fairy-tale monsters. The relationship between the prince and the Rose is much more complicated than the relationship between princes and princesses from folklore tales. After all, it is for the sake of the Rose that the Little Prince sacrifices his material shell - he chooses bodily death.

Written in the tradition of a romantic philosophical fairy tale, the images found in the work are deeply symbolic. A little prince - this is a symbol of a person - a wanderer in the universe, looking for hidden meaning things and your own life. Desert is a symbol of spiritual thirst. It is beautiful, because springs are hidden in it, which only the heart helps a person to find. Rose - it is a symbol of love, beauty, femininity. The little prince did not immediately see the true inner essence of beauty. But after talking with the Fox, the truth was revealed to him - beauty only becomes beautiful when it is filled with meaning, content.well in the desertis the source of the human soul. In each of us lives the Little Prince, whose just creator hides the water and waits for faith to lead us to it.

The story has two storylines.: the narrator and the related theme of the world of adults and - the line of the Little Prince, the story of his life. One of the important problems of the work is the problem of “fathers” and “children”, eternal problem generations. Another important topic is environmental. The journey of the Little Prince from star to star brings us closer to today's vision of space, where the Earth, through the negligence of people, can disappear almost imperceptibly. Therefore, the tale has not lost its relevance to this day; therefore its genre is philosophical, for it is addressed to all people, it raises eternal problems.

Visiting six planets in succession, the Little Prince on each of them encounters a certain life phenomenon embodied in the inhabitants of these planets: power, vanity, drunkenness, pseudo-scholarship...

The meaninglessness of existence, a life wasted in vain, stupid claims to power, wealth - all these are the characteristics of people who imagine that they have “common sense”.

Not finding what the kid was looking for on small planets, he goes to the big planet Earth. The first person the Little Prince meets on Earth was the Snake. According to mythology Snake guards the sources of wisdom or immortality, personifies magical powers, appears in the rites of conversion as a symbol of restoration. In a fairy tale, she combines miraculous power and woeful knowledge of human fate: "Everyone whom I touch, I return to the earth from which he came."

The Little Prince experiences the strongest impression when he gets into the rose garden. He felt even more unhappy: “his beauty told him that there are no like her in the whole universe,” and in front of him were “five thousand exactly the same flowers.”

This is where the hero comes to the rescue fox . Since ancient times, in fairy tales, Fox has been a symbol of wisdom and knowledge of life. The fox reveals to the baby the life of the human heart, teaches the rituals of love and friendship, reveals the secret of taming: to tame means to create bonds of love, unity of souls. This is how the Little Prince learns what friendship is.

Deep meaning is hidden in the image-symbol planets , to which the Little Prince returns. It is a symbol of the human soul, a symbol of the home of the human heart. Exupery wants to say that each person has his own planet, his own island and his own guiding star, which he should not forget.The heroes of the fairy tale, having gone through a thorny path, found their star, and the author believes that the reader will also find his distant star.

The story has a very rich language. The author uses a lot of amazing and inimitable literary techniques. There is a melody in his text. The style and special mystical manner of presentation is a transition from an image to a generalization, from a parable to morality. You need to have a great writing talent to see the world the way Exupery did.

The narrative style of the story also has a number of features. This is a confidential conversation of old friends - this is how the author communicates with the reader. Therefore, I want to believe him, knowing that he will never deceive. We feel the presence of the author, who believes in goodness and reason, in the near future, when life on earth will change.

The phenomenon of the fairy tale "The Little Prince" is that written for adults, it has firmly entered the circle of children's reading. This book attracts children with its simplicity of presentation, the atmosphere of spirituality, the lack of which is so acutely felt today. The main reason why this fairy tale was written is for children to remember the truth and not pass by the main thing - one must be faithful in love and friendship, one must listen to the voice of the heart, one cannot be indifferent to what is happening in the world, one cannot be passive about evil, everyone is responsible not only for their own fate, but also for the fate of another person. This fairy tale is wise and humane, it simply and penetratingly tells about the most important thing: how to be a person on this still not very arranged, sometimes unkind, but beloved and the only one, our planet Earth.

“After all, all adults were children at first, only few of them remember this.”

This book can be read in 30 minutes, but this fact did not prevent the book from becoming a world classic. The author of the story is the French writer, poet and professional pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery. This allegorical story is the most famous work of the author. It was first published in 1943 (April 6) in New York. It is interesting that the drawings in the book were made by the author himself and became no less famous than the book itself.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupery(French Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exup?ry; June 29, 1900, Lyon, France - July 31, 1944) - a famous French writer, poet and professional pilot.

To a summary of the story

At the age of six, the boy read about how a boa constrictor swallows its prey, and drew a snake that swallowed an elephant. It was a drawing of a boa constrictor on the outside, but the adults claimed it was a hat. Adults always need to explain everything, so the boy made another drawing - a boa constrictor from the inside. Then the adults advised the boy to give up this nonsense - according to them, he should have done more geography, history, arithmetic and spelling. So the boy abandoned a brilliant career as an artist. He had to choose another profession: he grew up and became a pilot, but as before, he showed his first drawing to those adults who seemed to him smarter and more intelligent than the rest, and everyone answered that it was a hat. It was impossible to talk heart to heart with them - about boas, jungles and stars. And the pilot lived alone until he met the Little Prince.

This happened in the Sahara. Something broke in the plane's engine: the pilot had to fix it or die, because there was only water left for a week. At dawn, the pilot was awakened by a thin voice - a tiny baby with golden hair, unknown how he got into the desert, asked him to draw a lamb for him. The astonished pilot did not dare to refuse, especially since his new friend turned out to be the only one who managed to make out in the first drawing a boa constrictor that had swallowed an elephant. Gradually it turned out that the Little Prince came from a planet called "asteroid B-612" - of course, the number is only needed for boring adults who love numbers.

The whole planet was the size of a house, and the Little Prince had to take care of her: every day to clean three volcanoes - two active and one extinct, and also weed out baobab sprouts. The pilot did not immediately understand the danger baobabs pose, but then he guessed and, in order to warn all the children, he drew a planet where a lazy person lived, who did not weed out three bushes in time. But the Little Prince always put his planet in order. But his life was sad and lonely, so he loved to watch the sunset - especially when he was sad. He did this several times a day, simply by moving his chair to follow the sun. Everything changed when a wonderful flower appeared on his planet: it was a beauty with thorns - proud, touchy and ingenuous. The little prince fell in love with her, but she seemed to him capricious, cruel and arrogant - he was then too young and did not understand how this flower lit up his life. And so the Little Prince cleaned his volcanoes for the last time, pulled out the sprouts of baobabs, and then said goodbye to his flower, which only at the moment of farewell admitted that he loved him.

He went on a journey and visited six neighboring asteroids. The king lived on the first: he wanted to have subjects so much that he offered the Little Prince to become a minister, and the kid thought that adults were a very strange people. On the second planet lived an ambitious on third- drunkard on the fourth- a business man fifth- lamplighter. All adults seemed extremely strange to the Little Prince, and only he liked the Lamplighter: this man remained faithful to the agreement to light the lamps in the evenings and extinguish the lanterns in the mornings, although his planet was so reduced that day and night changed every minute. Don't be so small here. The little prince would have stayed with the Lamplighter, because he really wanted to make friends with someone - besides, on this planet you could admire the sunset one thousand four hundred and forty times a day!

A geographer lived on the sixth planet. And since he was a geographer, he was supposed to ask travelers about the countries where they came from in order to write down their stories in books. The little prince wanted to tell about his flower, but the geographer explained that only mountains and oceans are written in books, because they are eternal and unchanging, and flowers do not live long. Only then did the Little Prince realize that his beauty would soon disappear, and he left her alone, without protection and help! But the insult has not yet passed, and the Little Prince went on, but he thought only of his abandoned flower.

Earth was with food- a very difficult planet! Suffice it to say that there are one hundred and eleven kings, seven thousand geographers, nine hundred thousand businessmen, seven and a half million drunkards, three hundred and eleven million ambitious people - a total of about two billion adults. But the Little Prince made friends only with the snake, the Fox and the pilot. The snake promised to help him when he bitterly regrets his planet. And Fox taught him to be friends. Everyone can tame someone and become his friend, but you always need to be responsible for those whom you have tamed. And the Fox also said that only the heart is vigilant - you cannot see the most important thing with your eyes. Then the Little Prince decided to return to his rose, because he was responsible for it. He went to the desert - to the very place where he fell. So they met the pilot. The pilot drew him a lamb in a box and even a muzzle for a lamb, although he used to think that he could only draw boas - inside and out. The little prince was happy, but the pilot felt sad - he realized that he was also tamed. Then the Little Prince found a yellow snake, whose bite kills in half a minute: she helped him, as promised. The snake can return everyone to where he came from - she returns people to the earth, and she returned the Little Prince to the stars. The kid told the pilot that it would only look like death, so there is no need to be sad - let the pilot remember him, looking at the night sky. And when the Little Prince laughs, it will seem to the pilot that all the stars are laughing like five hundred million bells.

The pilot fixed his plane and his comrades rejoiced at his return. Since then six years have passed: little by little he was comforted and fell in love with looking at the stars. But he is always excited: he forgot to draw a muzzle strap, and the lamb could eat the rose. Then it seems to him that all the bells are crying. After all, if the rose is no longer in the world, everything will be different, but no adult will ever understand how important this is.

In 1943, the work of interest to us was first published. Let's talk briefly about the background of its creation, and then we will analyze it. "The Little Prince" is a work, the impetus for writing which was one incident that happened to its author.

In 1935, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry was in a plane crash while flying in the direction of Paris-Saigon. He ended up in the territory located in the Sahara, in its northeastern part. Memories of this accident and the invasion of the Nazis prompted the author to think about the responsibility for the Earth of people, about the fate of the world. In 1942, he wrote in his diary that he was worried about his generation, devoid of spiritual content. People lead a herd existence. To return spiritual concerns to a person is the task that the writer set himself.

To whom is the work dedicated?

The story that interests us is dedicated to Leon Werth, Antoine's friend. This is important to note when doing the analysis. "The Little Prince" is a story in which everything is filled with deep meaning, including dedication. After all, Leon Werth is a Jewish writer, journalist, critic, victim of persecution during the war. Such a dedication was not just a tribute to friendship, but also a bold challenge by the writer to anti-Semitism and Nazism. In difficult times, Exupery created his fairy tale story. He fought against violence with words and illustrations, which he manually created for his work.

Two worlds in a story

Two worlds are represented in this story - adults and children, as our analysis shows. "The Little Prince" is a work in which this division is by no means done according to age. For example, a pilot is an adult, but he managed to save a child's soul. The author divides people according to ideals and ideas. For adults, the most important are their own affairs, ambition, wealth, power. And the child's soul longs for something else - friendship, mutual understanding, beauty, joy. The antithesis (children and adults) helps to reveal the main conflict of the work - the opposition of two different value systems: real and false, spiritual and material. It deepens further. After leaving the planet, the little prince meets "strange adults" on his way, whom he cannot understand.

Travel and dialogue

The composition is based on travel and dialogue. big picture the existence of humanity losing moral values ​​is recreated by the meeting with the "adults" of the little prince.

The protagonist travels in the story from asteroid to asteroid. He visits, first of all, the nearest, where people live alone. Each asteroid has a number, like the apartments of a modern high-rise building. These figures hint at the separation of people who live in neighboring apartments, but live as if on different planets. For the little prince, meeting the inhabitants of these asteroids becomes a lesson in loneliness.

Meeting with the king

On one of the asteroids lived a king who looked at the whole world, like other kings, in a very simplified way. For him, subjects are all people. However, the king was tormented by this question: "Who is to blame for the fact that his orders are impossible?". The king taught the prince that judging oneself is harder than judging others. Having learned this, one can become truly wise. The lover of power loves power, not subjects, and therefore is deprived of the latter.

The Prince visits the planet of the ambitious

On another planet lived an ambitious man. But vain people are deaf to everything except praise. Only the ambitious loves glory, and not the public, and therefore remains without the latter.

Drunkard's Planet

Let's continue the analysis. The little prince ends up on the third planet. His next meeting is with a drunkard who thinks intently about himself and eventually becomes completely confused. This man is ashamed of what he drinks. However, he drinks in order to forget about his conscience.

business man

The business man owned the fourth planet. As the analysis of the fairy tale "The Little Prince" shows, the meaning of his life was to find something that does not have an owner and appropriate it. A business man counts wealth that is not his: he who saves only for himself might as well count the stars. The little prince cannot understand the logic by which adults live. He concludes that it is beneficial for his flower and volcanoes that he owns them. But the stars do not benefit from such possession.

Lamplighter

And only on the fifth planet the main character finds a person with whom he wants to make friends. This is a lamplighter who would be despised by everyone, because he thinks not only of himself. However, his planet is tiny. There is no room for two. The lamplighter is working in vain, because he does not know for whom.

Meeting with a geographer

The geographer, who writes thick books, lived on the sixth planet, which was created in his story by Exupery ("The Little Prince"). The analysis of the work would be incomplete if we did not say a few words about it. This is a scientist, and beauty is ephemeral for him. Nobody needs scientific papers. Without love for a person, it turns out that everything is meaningless - and honor, and power, and labor, and science, and conscience, and capital. The little prince leaves this planet too. The analysis of the work continues with a description of our planet.

Little prince on earth

The last place the prince visited was the strange Earth. When he arrives here, the title character of Exupery's story "The Little Prince" feels even more alone. The analysis of the work when describing it should be more detailed than when describing other planets. After all, the author pays special attention in the story to the Earth. He notices that this planet is not at all home, it is "salty", "all in needles" and "completely dry". It's uncomfortable to live on it. Its definition is given through images that seemed strange to the little prince. The boy notes that this planet is not simple. It is ruled by 111 kings, there are 7,000 geographers, 900,000 businessmen, 7.5 million drunkards, 311 million ambitious people.

The protagonist's journey continues in the following sections. He meets, in particular, with the switchman directing the train, but people do not know where they are going. The boy then sees a merchant who sells anti-thirst pills.

Among the people living here, the little prince feels lonely. Analyzing life on Earth, he notes that there are so many people on it that they cannot feel like one. Millions remain strangers to each other. What do they live for? A lot of people are rushing in fast trains - why? People are not connected by pills or fast trains. And the planet will not become a home without it.

Friendship with the Fox

After analyzing Exupery's The Little Prince, we found out that the boy is bored on Earth. And the Fox, another hero of the work, has a boring life. Both of them are looking for a friend. The fox knows how to find him: you need to tame someone, that is, create bonds. And the main character understands that there are no shops where you can buy a friend.

The author describes the life before the meeting with the boy, which was led by the Fox from the story "The Little Prince". allows us to notice that before this meeting he only fought for his existence: he hunted chickens, and hunters hunted him. The fox, having been tamed, escaped from the circle of defense and attack, fear and hunger. It is to this hero that the formula "only the heart is vigilant" belongs. Love can be transferred to many other things. Having made friends with the main character, the Fox will fall in love with everything else in the world. The close in his mind is connected with the distant.

A pilot in the desert

It is easy to imagine a home planet in habitable places. However, in order to understand what a house is, it is necessary to be in the desert. Exupery's analysis of The Little Prince suggests this idea. In the desert, the main character met a pilot, with whom he then became friends. The pilot ended up here not only because of a malfunction of the aircraft. He has been enchanted by the desert all his life. The name of this desert is loneliness. The pilot understands an important secret: there is meaning in life when there is someone to die for. The desert is a place where a person feels a thirst for communication, thinks about the meaning of existence. It reminds us that the earth is the home of man.

What did the author want to tell us?

The author wants to say that people have forgotten one simple truth: they are responsible for their planet, as well as for those who have been tamed. If we all understood this, there would probably be no wars and economic problems. But people are very often blind, do not listen to their own hearts, leave their home, looking for happiness far from their relatives and friends. Antoine de Saint-Exupery did not write his fairy tale "The Little Prince" for fun. The analysis of the work carried out in this article, we hope, convinced you of this. The writer appeals to all of us, urging us to carefully look at those who surround us. After all, these are our friends. They must be protected, according to Antoine de Saint-Exupery ("The Little Prince"). This concludes the analysis of the work. We invite readers to reflect on this story for themselves and continue the analysis with their own observations.

The Little Prince was born in 1943 in America, where Antoine de Saint-Exupery fled from Nazi-occupied France. An unusual fairy tale, equally well perceived by both children and adults, turned out to be relevant not only during the Second World War. Today, she still reads to her people who are trying to find in the "Little Prince" the answers to eternal questions about the meaning of life, the essence of love, the price of friendship, the necessity of death.

By form- a story in twenty-seven parts plot- a fairy tale that tells about the magical adventures of the Prince Charming, who left his native kingdom because of unhappy love, in terms of artistic organization - a parable - is simple in speech performance (it is very easy to learn French using The Little Prince) and complex in terms of philosophical content.

main idea fairy tales-parables - statement true values human existence. home antithesis- sensual and rational perception of the world. The first is characteristic of children and those rare adults who have not lost their childlike purity and naivety. The second is the prerogative of adults who are firmly rooted in the world of rules created by themselves, often ridiculous even from the point of view of reason.

The appearance of the Little Prince on Earth symbolizes the birth of a person who comes into our world with a pure soul and a loving heart, open to friendship. Return fairy tale hero home comes through real death, coming from the venom of a desert snake. The physical death of the Little Prince embodies the Christian the idea of eternal life a soul that can go to Heaven only by leaving its body shell on earth. The annual stay of a fairy-tale hero on Earth correlates with the idea of ​​the spiritual growth of a person who learns to be friends and love, take care of others and understand them.

image of the little prince based on fairy tale motifs and the image of the author of the work - a representative of an impoverished noble family, Antoine de Saint-Exupery, who bore the nickname "The Sun King" in childhood. A little boy with golden hair - this is the soul of the author who has not grown up. The meeting of an adult pilot with his childish self takes place at one of the most tragic moments of his life - a plane crash in the Sahara desert. Balancing on the verge of life and death, the author learns the story of the Little Prince during the repair of the aircraft and not only talks to him, but also goes together to the well, and even carries his subconscious in his arms, giving him the features of a real, different character.

The relationship between the Little Prince and the Rose is an allegorical depiction of love and the difference in its perception by a man and a woman. Capricious, proud, beautiful Rose manipulates her lover until she loses power over him. Gentle, timid, believing in what he is told, the Little Prince suffers cruelly from the frivolity of the beauty, not immediately realizing that it was necessary to love her not for words, but for deeds - for the wonderful aroma that she gave him, for all that the joy she brought into his life.

Seeing five thousand Roses on Earth, the space traveler becomes desperate. He was almost disappointed in his flower, but the Fox, who met him on the way in time, explains to the hero the truths long forgotten by people: that you need to look with your heart, not with your eyes, and be responsible for those who have been tamed.

Art fox image- an allegorical image of friendship born from habit, love and the desire to be needed by someone. In the understanding of an animal, a friend is one who fills his life with meaning: destroys boredom, allows him to see the beauty of the world around him (comparison of the Little Prince's golden hair with wheat ears) and cry when parting. The little prince learns well the lesson given to him. Saying goodbye to life, he thinks not about death, but about a friend. Fox image in the story it also correlates with the biblical Serpent-tempter: for the first time the hero meets him under an apple tree, the animal shares with the boy the knowledge about the most important life foundations - love and friendship. As soon as the Little Prince comprehends this knowledge, he immediately acquires mortality: he appeared on Earth, traveling from planet to planet, but he can leave it only by abandoning the physical shell.

In the story of Antoine de Saint-Exupery, the role of fairy-tale monsters is played by adults, whom the author snatches out of the general mass and places each on his own planet, enclosing a person in himself and, as if under a magnifying glass, showing his essence. The desire for power, ambition, drunkenness, love of wealth, stupidity - the most character traits adult people. Exupery exposes a common vice for all, activity / life, devoid of meaning: the king from the first asteroid rules nothing and gives only those orders that his fictional subjects can fulfill; the ambitious man does not value anyone but himself; the drunkard is unable to get out of the vicious circle of shame and drinking; a business man endlessly adds up the stars and finds joy not in their light, but in their value, which can be written on paper and put in a bank; the old geographer is mired in theoretical conclusions that have nothing to do with the practical science of geography. the only reasonable person, from the point of view of the Little Prince, in this row of adults looks like a lamplighter, whose craft is useful to others and beautiful in its essence. Perhaps that is why it loses its meaning on a planet where a day lasts one minute, and electric lighting is already working with might and main on Earth.

The story about the boy who appeared from the stars is written in a touching and light style. She is all imbued with sunlight, which can be found not only in the hair and yellow scarf of the Little Prince, but also in the endless sands of the Sahara, wheat ears, the orange Fox and the yellow Snake. The latter is immediately recognized by the reader as Death, because it is she who is inherent in power, greater, "than in the finger of a king", opportunity "carry farther than any ship" and ability to decide "all mysteries". The snake shares with the Little Prince her secret of knowing people: when the hero complains about being alone in the desert, she says that "among people too" It happens "alone".

"The Little Prince" (fr. Le Petit Prince) - an allegorical story, most famous work Antoine de Saint-Exupery.

“Here is the best portrait of him…” - “The Little Prince”, ch. II
The drawings in the book are made by the author himself and are no less famous than the book itself. It is important that these are not illustrations, but an organic part of the work as a whole: the author himself and the heroes of the tale all the time refer to the drawings and even argue about them. The unique illustrations in The Little Prince break down language barriers and become part of a universal visual lexicon understandable to everyone.

“After all, all adults were children at first, only few of them remember this” - Antoine de Saint-Exupery, from a dedication to the book.

1. Well, if you once had a friend, even if you have to die.
2. If you love a flower - the only one that does not exist on any of the many millions of stars - that is enough: look at the sky - and you are happy. And you say to yourself: “Somewhere there lives my flower ...”
3. And people lack imagination. They only repeat what you tell them ... At home I had a flower, my beauty and joy, and he always spoke first.
4. People grow five thousand roses in one garden... and they don't find what they are looking for.
5. - I did not understand anything then! It was necessary to judge not by words, but by deeds. She gave me her fragrance, lit up my life. I shouldn't have run. Behind these miserable tricks and tricks one should have guessed tenderness. The flowers are so inconsistent! But I was too young, I didn't know how to love yet.
6. Do you know why the desert is good? Somewhere in it springs are hidden ...
7. Only children know what they are looking for. They give all their days to a rag doll, and it becomes very, very dear to them, and if it is taken from them, the children cry ...
8. Each person has their own stars.
9. The eyes are blind. You have to search with your heart.

10. Water is also needed by the heart.

11. Vain people are deaf to everything except praise.

12. - Yes, yes, I love you, - he heard. It's my fault you didn't know that.

13. - And when you are consoled (in the end, you always console yourself), you will be glad that you knew me once. You will always be my friend. You will want to laugh with me. Sometimes you will open the window like this, and you will be pleased ... And your friends will be surprised that you are laughing, looking at the sky. And you will tell them: “Yes, yes, I always laugh when I look at the stars!” And they'll think you're crazy. That's the cruel joke I'll play on you.

14. You know ... my rose ... I'm responsible for her. And she's so weak! And so simple. She only has four miserable thorns, she has nothing more to defend herself from the world ...

15. - People have forgotten this truth, - said the Fox, - but don't forget: you are forever responsible for everyone you tamed. You are responsible for your rose.