Comprehensive analysis of the text based on the Christmas story by G.Kh. Andersen “The Girl with Matches. "Girl with matches". The true meaning of this tale What is the work of a girl with matches

Analysis with vyatochny story

"Girl with matches"

"Girl with matches" - short Christmas

short story by Hans Christian Andersen,

written as text accompaniment to

engraving by Johann Lundby (Danish) Russian. With

image of a young match saleswoman.

"The Little Match Girl" is a true classic of the Christmas story. This work is not only read - films and cartoons are made on it, and even operas are written.

The story tells of a little match saleswoman who freezes on New Year's Eve, choosing not to return home, out of fear of her abusive father. Every time she lights a match to keep warm, bright visions rise before her eyes - a fat New Year's goose that rises from the plate and goes towards her, Christmas tree with toys, the late grandmother ... In the morning, the girl is found frozen with a box of burnt matches.

The image of the Child was born in ancient cultures along with myths about the Mother, about the Father, about the World Tree, about the creation of the world. Child, kind child found in folklore and literature. We see such a child in the great storyteller H. K. Andersen. The central character is a child suffering without guilt, punished without crime. It is this theme of childhood suffering that sounds in the Christmas tale "The Little Match Girl". In the work, the image of childhood is mournful - "the child is crying." Children's tears are perceived here as the result of the unrighteous, evil life of adults.

And only the genre of the Christmas story allows you to escape from the everyday bustle, human indifference, to look into the world of the miraculous, to remind of kindness and mercy.

In the Christmas story "The Little Match Girl", for example, Andersen bows his head to a little girl who is trying to save her family by selling matches. She tragically dies, freezing against the wall of some house. The people around sympathize, but no one knows that a wonderful heavenly world has opened up before the girl - the world of angels who take the baby with them. This fairy world the life of well-fed and self-satisfied residents of the city is contrasted.

The poor girl is not like those around her, because her soul is pure and pure, like an angel's. The fate of the baby makes me, like any reader, think about why there are poor and rich, and children who are considered angels go through such tests that only adults can do. All favorite heroes - children are strong in spirit, because God helps them in difficult times.

What episode is the brightest in the fairy tale?

Christmas is considered the brightest and kindest holiday, but this holiday does not bring joy to the child. Here, festive cordiality and hospitality coexist with cruelty and callousness.

Unfortunately, in real life a miracle did not happen - the girl freezes in the icy winter season, but no one knew what beauty she saw, in what splendor she ascended with her grandmother to the New Year's joys in the sky, where she finds everything that she lacked in reality - She was next to those who loved her, cared for her. The girl stopped suffering. It is a pity that the heroine did not find her Happiness in real life.

Why do you think Andersen wrote such a fairy tale?

The heroine is called upon to soften callous souls, to revive the holy and saving feelings hidden in the depths of the soul of every person. The writer appeals to the mercy of people.

How do you understand the meaning of the word mercy?

The ability to do something good for others, to help a person out of compassion, sympathy.

Can the ending of the fairy tale be called happy?

It all depends on the person's faith: if you believe in Christ, you are happy, but if you don't, it's another matter.

Andersen's fairy tales are deep, philosophical and inexhaustible in their wisdom, beauty, fantasy and at the same time truthfulness - after all, they talk about our life, which has changed little since the time when the great wizard lived on our land, because to this day in the heroes of fairy tales - Byley everyone will find himself. After all, only sad things make callous people kinder.

This work is very modern, I fully admit that such a story can easily happen in winter in a big city. A child can get lost, stay alone on the street, freeze, and no one will pay any attention to him. After all, this girl died from human indifference and cruelty, which now reigns in the world. There should be such fairy tales so that we do not become stale and our children are not allowed to become merciless and not compassionate. And remember that next to us there are always people who need help, we can provide this help and thereby save a person, perhaps even from death. In my opinion, the fairy tale "The Little Match Girl" is still relevant. It teaches not to be cruel not only to relatives, but to everyone. Be merciful, do not forget that we are people.

In conclusion, it is necessary to highlight the idea of the fairy tale by G.Kh. Andersen "Girl with matches", written in the XIX century. Idea -“Be merciful!”

In the 21st century, it sounds especially relevant, because there are still a lot of children in need of compassion and help.

This is the main value of the work - it teaches sympathy, compassion and kindness.

Hello dear fairy tale lovers. I invite you to conscious reflection on the fabulous meanings.

The other day, life gave me an amazing meeting with an amazing woman who told an equally amazing story. Even as a child, she was greatly impressed by the reading of the fairy tale "The Little Match Girl" by G.Kh. Andersen. However, the impression from fairy tales does not always remain kind and wonderful, and sometimes it can leave a spiritual scar invisible to the human eye. Why is this happening? Dear friends, first of all, you need to take on faith the statement that a fairy tale is not child's play. Fairy tales have never been told "just like that", i.e. needlessly.

A folk tale is the encrypted wisdom of the ancestors:

About the challenges that Her Majesty Life throws to us;
about the life lessons that we have to go through;
and, finally, about the traps we can fall into.

How should a "correct" fairy tale end?! Of course, happy! Except for warning tales. The hero must receive a well-deserved calling and emerge from the trials that have fallen to his lot as a winner. However, there are many author's fairy tales that have a dramatic outcome. What is it connected with?

First, the fairy tale is a powerful tool for regulating one's emotional state. It's no secret that often literary works are autobiographical and represent a projection of fears, experiences of the author himself.
Secondly, the fairy tale, which has a dramatic outcome, says that the hero, who finds himself in a difficult life situation, does not see the challenge that Life throws him, and instead of going through the lesson intended for him, he falls into the trap of some archetypal plot. . And if we see that the fairy tale ends in this way, then we must understand that its purpose is to warn us about the wrong strategies for the behavior of the characters.

An example of such a fairy tale is the fairy tale "The Little Match Girl".

I propose to consider this tale from the perspective Complex Fairytale Therapy and determine which archetypal plots were active in the life of Andersen's heroine.

First, a few words about archetypes in Complex Fairytale Therapy. Archetypal plots are ancient mechanisms that remain unchanged for many centuries and unfold as in lives modern people as well as in lives fairytale heroes. They warn, demonstrate scenarios for resolving conflict situations, reveal the secrets of male and female initiations.

In the tale "The Little Match Girl" one can see the universal archetype "Divine udder" - the plot "Unfair attitude", and the female archetypal plot "Stepmother and stepdaughter".

Plot "unfair treatment" says that in life the balance of "take - give" is broken. A person becomes a donor who donates his strength, his own resource. "Indefatigable consumers" get used to getting a resource just like that. When the source of the resource is depleted, they are filled with resentment. They believe that they have the right to take, and the donor has a duty to produce what they can take. Sooner or later, the donor is depleted, and those who used its resource turn into lazy and selfish creatures or simply turn out to be ungrateful.

Let's get back to the story. The heroine of the tale is a girl from a dysfunctional family, brought up by her tyrant father. Her father sets impossible tasks for her, for the failure of which she is punished. The girl could not sell matchboxes on the last evening before the New Year and, frightened by her father's wrath, decided not to return home, remaining on the street. "... She did not dare to return home, because she did not sell a single match, did not help out a penny - her father will beat her!". Severe to the child is not only the father, but also the world in which she lives: "... in this cold and darkness, a poor girl with her head uncovered and barefoot made her way through the streets. True, she left the house in shoes, but what were they good for! Huge, enormous! The girl's mother wore them last, and they flew off the baby off her feet when she ran across the street, frightened by two speeding carriages, one shoe she never found, the other one was picked up by a boy and ran away with it, saying that it would make an excellent cradle for his children when they he will be ... Hungry, chilly, she walked farther and farther ... It was a pity to even look at the poor thing ... ".

In addition, in the described story, it is easily recognizable story "stepmother and stepdaughter", only unlike the fairy tale about Cinderella, the good Fairy did not give the girl a magic ticket to new life and the girl froze outside. Such is the tragic end of this tale. What went wrong?! You are right, the girl fell into the trap of this plot.

What is the idea behind the "stepmother and stepdaughter" plot?

Education. The stepmother is the heroine's teacher, her "coach". Pretty cruel, unfair, selfish. "Stepmother" can be your own cruel and cold mother, sisters or brother, father or stepfather can be. The stepmother gives her stepdaughter tasks, each time increasing the degree of difficulty. Such training is necessary in the life of the heroine so that she acquires the quality she needs in life - vitality. That's why:

The challenge of this plot is to show resilience and patience in the learning process.
The lesson is to persevere through losses and visible injustice towards oneself, maintaining self-control; treat offenders as coaches.
The trap is to succumb to anger, resentment towards the symbolic stepmother, to lose faith and a sense of perspective, and also not to realize that what is happening is the school of life. Feeling of hopelessness, falling into the position of "victim".

Unfortunately, the grief that befell the girl broke her, and she fell into a trap, deciding to leave this life.

How could the plot of this tragic story unfold differently?!

By the law of fair exchange the donor always receives timely help and consolation. The girl did not wait for her. She was so afraid to return home to her father, to endure another attack of cruel, unfair treatment, that she decided not to live in this reality anymore. The girl creates images of a happy but unattainable future in her imagination - a warm stove, a delicious roast goose and a wonderful big Christmas tree! The girl fills her fantasy with life, where a meeting with her recently deceased old grandmother, who alone in the whole world loved her, is possible. And she is no longer able to return to the real world, filled with injustice and cruelty. "... The matches flared up so dazzlingly that it became brighter than during the day. Grandmother during her lifetime was never so beautiful, so majestic. She took the girl in her arms, and, illuminated by light and joy, both of them ascended high, high - to where there is no no hunger, no cold, no fear - they ascended to God".

Unfortunately, the match girl could not accept the challenge and pass the lesson intended for her, after which a life full of possibilities would open before her.

What, friends, is this story about?

Perhaps someone saw himself in her.
Perhaps someone was able to see the world through the eyes of a teenager taking a step towards certain death (teenage suicide).
Perhaps someone took this tale as an invitation to a subtle dialogue about life. Yes friends. To pass on knowledge about the world to children is our parental duty. But is this story worth reading to children? I think this story is for parents. For women. For children, I would recommend using it only in special cases and under the guidance of a child psychologist-fairy tale therapist. A fairy tale is a cipher that enters our subconscious and actively participates in our life. Undeciphered fairy tale information can turn out to be an unbearable burden for a child, plunging him into an atmosphere of rejection of the world. Wrong perception of a fairy tale leads to wrong conclusions.

How do you teach your child about the pitfalls and lessons of these archetypes? On the example of fairy tales accessible to their perception - "Cinderella"; "Twelve months"; "Vasilisa the Beautiful"; "Morozko", etc.

The key point of this plot is that not a single fabulous stepdaughter fights with her stepmother. The stepdaughter benefits from any task for herself. And this is the key to passing the test. If in a woman's life the story "stepmother and stepdaughter" unfolds, no matter what the scenery is, no matter how resentment, anger and a sense of injustice rage inside her, she needs to constantly ask herself the question: "What good is this situation for me, what does it teach me?" The stepdaughter, having passed the trials and keeping love in her heart, will certainly meet her in life.

Please do not confuse this story with another female story "Beauty and the Predator".

Today I want to talk about a story. It has a deep psychological meaning. But first full text. Suddenly who did not read. I highly recommend it, when I read it for the first time, I cried.

GIRL WITH MATCHES

G.H. Andersen

How cold it was that evening! It was snowing and dusk was gathering. And the evening was the last of the year - New Year's Eve. In this cold and dark time, a little beggar girl, with her head uncovered and barefoot, wandered through the streets. True, she came out of the house shod, but how much use was there in huge old shoes? These shoes were worn by her mother before - that's how big they were - and the girl lost them today when she rushed to run across the road, frightened by two carriages that were rushing at full speed. She never found one shoe, the other was dragged off by some boy, saying that it would make an excellent cradle for his future children.

So the girl was now wandering barefoot, and her legs were reddened and blue from the cold. In the pocket of her old apron were several packs of sulfur matches, and she held one pack in her hand. All that day she did not sell a single match, and she was not given a penny. She wandered hungry and chilled, and she was so exhausted, poor thing!

Snowflakes settled on her long blond curls, beautifully scattered over her shoulders, but she, really, did not suspect that they were beautiful. Light poured in from all the windows, and the street smelled deliciously of roast goose—after all, it was New Year's Eve. That's what she thought!

Finally, the girl found a corner behind the ledge of the house. Then she sat up and huddled, tucking her legs under her. But she became even colder, and she did not dare to return home: after all, she did not manage to sell a single match, she did not help out a penny, and she knew that her father would kill her for this; besides, she thought, it was cold at home too; they live in the attic, where the wind blows, although the biggest cracks in the walls are stuffed with straw and rags.

Her little hands were completely numb. Ah, how the light of a small match would have warmed them! If only she had dared to pull out a match, strike it against the wall and warm her fingers! The girl timidly pulled out one match and ... teal! Like a match flared up, how brightly it lit up! The girl covered it with her hand, and the match began to burn with an even, bright flame, like a tiny candle.

Amazing candle! It seemed to the girl that she was sitting in front of a large iron stove with shiny brass balls and shutters. How gloriously the fire burns in it, how warm it blows! But what is it? The girl stretched out her legs to the fire to warm them up, and suddenly ... the flame went out, the stove disappeared, and the girl had a burnt match in her hand.

She struck another match, the match caught fire, lit up, and when its reflection fell on the wall, the wall became transparent, like muslin. The girl saw a room in front of her, and in it a table covered with a snow-white tablecloth and laden with expensive porcelain; on the table, spreading a wonderful aroma, was a dish of roast goose stuffed with prunes and apples! And the most wonderful thing was that the goose suddenly jumped off the table and, as it was, with a fork and a knife in its back, waddled along the floor. He went straight to the poor girl, but ... the match went out, and an impenetrable, cold, damp wall again stood in front of the poor girl.

The girl lit another match. Now she was sitting in front of a sumptuous Christmas tree. This tree was much taller and more elegant than the one that the girl saw on Christmas Eve, going up to the house of a wealthy merchant and looking out the window. Thousands of candles were burning on her green branches, and multi-colored pictures, which adorn shop windows, looked at the girl. The little girl held out her hands to them, but ... the match went out. The lights began to go higher and higher and soon turned into clear stars. One of them rolled across the sky, leaving a long trail of fire behind it.

“Someone died,” the girl thought, because her recently deceased old grandmother, who alone in the whole world loved her, told her more than once: “When an asterisk falls, someone’s soul flies to God.”

The girl again struck a match against the wall and, when everything around her lit up, she saw her old grandmother in this radiance, so quiet and enlightened, so kind and affectionate.

Grandmother, - the girl exclaimed, - take, take me to you! I know that you will leave when the match goes out, disappear like a warm stove, like a delicious roast goose and a wonderful big tree!

And she hurriedly struck all the matches left in the pack - that's how much she wanted to keep her grandmother! And the matches flared up so dazzlingly that it became brighter than during the day. Grandmother during her life has never been so beautiful, so majestic. She took the girl in her arms, and, illuminated by light and joy, both of them ascended high, high - where there is neither hunger, nor cold, nor fear, they ascended to God.

On a frosty morning, behind the ledge of the house, they found a girl: a blush played on her cheeks, a smile on her lips, but she was dead; she froze on the last evening of the old year. The New Year's sun illuminated the dead body of the girl with matches; she burned almost a whole pack.

The girl wanted to warm herself, people said. And no one knew what miracles she saw, in the midst of what beauty, together with her grandmother, they met New Year's Happiness.

Fairy tale analysis

You might think that this tale is just from the category of pitiful, but this is far from the case. Today I would like you to know secret meaning, which is embedded in this seemingly unpretentious plot.

G.H. Andersen skillfully wrote out various female portraits in his creations: little girls, girls, women and grandmothers. Without suspecting it, he put his psychological problems into his heroines: into their mouths, actions and life in general. Because his childhood years were not sugar at all. Thus, the writer tried to live through his childhood traumas.

Same with the Match Girl. For many, it is this tale that becomes very memorable, vivid and at the same time cruel.
Let us first consider the objective level of the tale, that is, inner world heroines. What happens in it? Here reigns coldness and dislike.

Pay attention to her inner parents: father and mother, how hostile they are to their daughter. They do not give her parental love and support, but on the contrary, they force her to give away everything of value that she has on the cheap. Her light creativity something that should be nurtured and developed.

How does this manifest itself in real life with real women? A lot of talented, smartest women are forced to drag out a miserable, ridiculous existence. They are not able to find the strength in themselves, finally, to begin to develop their talents, voluntarily enclosing themselves in the shackles of everyday life. If you started writing a novel, but limited yourself to a couple of lines and put it on the back burner, you should know that your soul is already cold. If thoughts come to you that “if I were in other conditions”, “as soon as I earn money, I will allow myself”, “if it weren’t for my environment, then I would sing (draw, be famous) for a long time” , "I will take care of my personal life as soon as the child grows up" know that you are in the position of the Match Girl. Because indulge yourself with the illusion that you will ever change the existing course of events.

Often this happens to women who did not receive love, sympathy and help from their own parents (or parents died at a very early age). When parents only made claims and brought up according to the type of "first lessons, and then we'll see if you deserve our love." Therefore, a woman does not show love, care, and attention to her true desires.

Here we see a similar plot “if you don’t sell matches, you will be punished.” And the girl prefers not to return home. The house - the symbolic soul of the girl - is cold and empty, since the inner parents do not create comfort in it. They do not care about the family, as if they do not care what happens in the end. After all, few people can withstand such a tense situation for a long time. And a real woman, feeling this deadly cold, wants to warm up. She takes not matches for this, but alcohol, drugs, food, many love affairs, countless purchases of clothes and jewelry, just so as not to think and not feel what she feels. But the next morning she gets up in an even worse condition. So her soul is dead.

Pay attention to the fact that duties are imposed on a small, not grown-up person, which she obviously cannot fulfill. She is obliged to earn money, and not to play, grow and gain strength. Only people who are not interested in the development of the child act in this way. This happens in families where children are raised in advance as small adults and they are charged with the duties of absolutely adult things: to nurse the younger ones, to cook, to run the household. Killing the child in the child, and with it the creativity. Unfortunately, the consequences of such upbringing are deplorable. Such women are often burdened by games, fun with children. They lack a sense of humor and have problems with sex.

Now think about this: what kind of response did this fairy tale evoke in your soul? What feelings do you experience after reading? Perhaps you are so attached to the main character that there is a feeling as if this is happening to you. And then think about what ideas and talents of yours you do not give a go? What innermost thoughts have you driven into a far corner so as not to see or think about them? If you manage to answer them - that's half the battle, you will be on the right track to create a cozy warm home for your soul.

Warming the soul is not easy, because for this you need to be able to listen to yourself. If this girl had positive inner parents, then she would know what to do in a difficult situation. Ask for help, secretly spend the night in someone else's barn, sneak into the house and there to fuss about food and warmth, that is, use all means in order to live and create further.

I know one trick to start building my inner support that works well. Imagine how you would like to see your inner parents: loving, kind, helping, caring for you. Try to imagine this picture. It will be good if you draw it. In difficult times, you can turn to them for support, this gives you the opportunity to feel that you are not alone, even if the whole world has turned its back on you.

I usually tell my clients this: "Become your own mother." And I wish you the same. Take care of yourself, develop your personality and talents, then you will definitely not freeze.

I would love to discuss with you, so I look forward to your comments.

I said: “Yes, I think the author wanted people to cry. You see, it's not only in the old days there were children who died of hunger and cold. The author reminds us all - both adults and children, that even now not everyone has a warm cozy home, delicious food, a lot of toys, even parents - not everyone has. After all, if we remember this, then we will be glad that we have, and we will not complain about bad life, and maybe even help someone who is in trouble.”

Of course, this tale is not at all Ksyusha's first contact with the theme of death, rather it is the completion of a certain stage. The theme of death arose on its own when Ksyusha was two and a half years old. A cat that has lived with us for ten years has disappeared at the dacha. Attempts to come up with a further prosperous fate for the cat (found new owners, decided to become a wild animal) looked unconvincing. And even more so it was wrong to reassure Ksyusha that the cat would return. I had to firmly say: "Ksyusha, the cat will not return, most likely, she died." Ksyusha began to inquire: how did she die, where did she go after all, why will we not see her again? She cried and asked: “Where do those who die?” I answered: "They are in heaven." My answers calmed her for a while: “And if I climb onto the roof, and the one who died pops out of the cloud, can we talk?” I kindly say that this is impossible. Ksyusha again begins to cry and repeat: “I don’t want it to be like this.”

She mentally tried to come to terms with the fact of death for two years, crying, but did not stop asking questions. He asks, for example: “What is a mummy?” I say: "Ksyusha, you will not like to know this at all." She insists. I explain - again sobs. But he continues to be interested in details. Looks at some picture: “And all these people - are they dead?” Or: “Why are monuments erected only to those who have died?” And so two years.

Now she is quite calm about the fact that the body is in the cemetery. And the soul never dies. Of course, she tried to get an answer from me to the question “what is the soul?”. I honestly said that I can’t answer exactly, it’s just there and that’s it.

Together we try to understand what death is, and we talk about it.

But with the eldest son, everything was different.

Diary entry dated February 4, 2002(Misha is 4 years and 10 months old - almost like Ksyusha is now.)

Read "The Little Match Girl" by Andersen.

"Mom, she's not dead, is she?" Not dead, no!?”

And as if ahead of my answer (suddenly I will say that I died, alas, I died):

“She just fell asleep! Yes! After all, the snow is so soft and fluffy, like a pillow. She only needs to be brought to a warm house... We also need to give her money so that she can return to her place. They did that, didn't they?"

He said all this quickly, in one breath, as if convincing himself.

Maybe this is wrong. But if he so wants to believe.

After all, the truth does not always heal, or not all. Certainly not right away.

Be that as it may, "The Girl with Matches" remained the most terrible fairy tale for Misha. Seems like forever. Last year, having learned that Ksyusha and I were going to New Year's performance"Girl with matches" to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, he literally begged me not to take Ksyusha there. I affectionately explained to him that only the title remained from The Girl with Matches, it is unlikely that the authors of the production want to make the whole audience cry, and Ksyusha is a slightly different child. He was looking forward to our return - apparently, he wanted to make sure that Ksyusha was still a cheerful, noisy and capricious child.

Natalia Solyanik

Today I want to talk about a story. It has a deep psychological meaning. But first, the full text. Suddenly who did not read. I highly recommend it, when I read it for the first time, I cried.

GIRL WITH MATCHES

G.H. Andersen

“Someone has died,” the girl thought, because her recently deceased old grandmother, who alone in the whole world loved her, told her more than once: “When an asterisk falls, someone’s soul flies to God.”

The girl again struck a match against the wall and, when everything around her lit up, she saw her old grandmother in this radiance, so quiet and enlightened, so kind and affectionate.

“Grandma,” the girl exclaimed, “take me, take me with you!” I know that you will leave when the match goes out, disappear like a warm stove, like a delicious roast goose and a wonderful big tree!

And she hurriedly struck all the matches that were left in the pack - that's how much she wanted to keep her grandmother! And the matches flared up so dazzlingly that it became brighter than during the day. Grandmother during her life has never been so beautiful, so majestic. She took the girl in her arms, and, illuminated by light and joy, both of them ascended high, high - to where there is neither hunger, nor cold, nor fear, they ascended to God.

“The girl wanted to warm herself,” people said. And no one knew what miracles she saw, in the midst of what beauty, together with her grandmother, they met New Year's Happiness.

Fairy tale analysis

You might think that this tale is just from the category of pitiful, but this is far from the case. Today I would like you to find out the secret meaning that lies in this seemingly unpretentious plot.

Same with the Match Girl. For many, it is this tale that becomes very memorable, vivid and at the same time cruel.
Let us first consider the objective level of the fairy tale, that is, the inner world of the heroine. What happens in it? Here reigns coldness and dislike.

Pay attention to her inner parents: father and mother, how hostile they are to their daughter. They do not give her parental love and support, but on the contrary, they force her to give away everything of value that she has on the cheap. Its light, creativity, something that should be cherished and developed.

I usually tell my clients this: "Become your own mother." And I wish you the same. Take care of yourself, develop your personality and talents, then you will definitely not freeze.