slide 1
The story "Khor and Kalinich" from the series "Notes of a hunter"
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
slide 2
History of the story.
Date of creation-1846-1847. Published in the Sovremennik magazine in 1847. This is the first published story from the Hunter's Notes cycle.
slide 3
We fully share the opinion of I.S. Turgenev, who raises the problem of serfdom in Rus' in the story "Khor and Kalinich".
Personal assessment.
slide 4
The narrator comes to Zhizdrinsky district to hunt. There he meets with the landowner Polutykin and the serfs Khor and Kalinich. The next day, the author, returning from hunting, comes to Khor. Suddenly, Kalinich comes to visit Khory.
Summary of the story
slide 5
The main problem of the story is serfdom. I.S. Turgenev presented the fundamental forces of the nation, which determine its viability, the prospects for their further growth and development. But further growth and formation is impossible if serfdom exists, which adversely affects not only the peasants, but also the nobles. This problem is raised not only in Chora and Kalinich, but also in all other stories.
Formulation of the problem Position of the author.
slide 6
Khor is one of the most interesting peasant types in Russian literature. He personifies a healthy practical principle: being a quitrent peasant, he lives independently of his landowner. Kalinich - symbolizes the poetic side of the Russian national character. The everyday life of a hero who does not have business acumen is poorly organized: he has no family, he has to spend all the time with his landowner ...
Characters
Slide 7
All stories in the Hunter's Notes series are interconnected, and none can exist without the other. And that is why we believe that the story “Khor and Kalinich” occupies the place specially reserved for it by I.S. Turgenev. The story "Khor and Kalinich" was a resounding success. It was from this story that the brilliant writing career Turgenev, which allowed him to take a worthy place in the ranks of the Russian "classics".
Outcome.
Slide 8
students of grade 10 A, secondary school No. 6 of Amursk Grechishkin Sergey and Rebrov Valery Teacher Plokhotnyuk Inga Vladimirovna 2010
Job done
18.12.2017 12:24
Lesson extracurricular reading. Characteristics of the heroes of the story "Khor and Kalinich"
"public lesson"
Subject. I.S. Turgenev. Hunter's Notes. "Khor and Kalinich".
Goals: check the understanding of the self-read story; to determine the attitude of the writer to a simple Russian peasant, to give comparative characteristic main characters; determine the place of the "Notes of a Hunter" in the work of I.S. Turgenev and Russian literature; develop analytical reading skills.
Equipment: interactive board; presentation; texts, writing on the blackboard.
During the classes
(1 slide)
(slide 2,3)
Main part
teacher's word
Indeed, despite the fact that Turgenev was a landowner, he was critical of serfdom. Suffice it to recall the story "Mumu", where the example of the janitor Gerasim shows all the lack of rights of serfdom. Today we will get acquainted with another work, which is included in the cycle of stories "Notes of a Hunter" and is called "Khor and Kalinich".
(slide number 4)
The history of the cycle "Notes of a hunter".
Why do you think the cycle of stories was named by Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"? (Turgenev was an avid hunter, hunters always have a lot of interesting stories)
(slide number 5)
So, the essay “Khor and Kalinich” (1747) appeared first, which made a huge impression on readers.
Goal setting: What do you think, what result should we get at the end of our meeting? What to achieve? (determine the author's characteristics of the characters, understand the meaning of the work)
SLIDE 6
Slide 7-8
Comparative characteristics of Horya and Kalinich. Work with text.
(slide number 9)
Now let's turn to the main characters of the story.
Give a detailed comparative description of Khory and Kalinich. Support your opinion with text.
A) 1 group HORI
Student presentation: Chorus is one of the main characters of the story. He is a positive, practical, administrative head, rationalist. Having settled in the swamp, Khor managed to get rich. He settled down, "saved some money", got along with the master and other authorities, spawned a large family, submissive and unanimous Khor spoke little, chuckled to himself, he saw through his master. Khor stood closer to people, to society, he was occupied with administrative and state issues. His knowledge was quite, in its own way, extensive, but he could not read. Hor could not live without work, he was constantly doing something: he repaired the cart, then he propped up the fence, then he reviewed the harness. He lived in the estate, which towered in the middle of the forest, in a cleared and developed clearing.
Here is how Turgenev gives us a description of Horya: On the threshold of the hut, an old man met me - bald, short, broad-shouldered and dense - Khor himself. I looked at this Horya with curiosity. The make-up of his face was reminiscent of Socrates: the same high, knobby forehead, the same small eyes, the same snub-nosed nose.
Comparison is a high characteristic of the mental abilities of a serf.
Student's report on Socrates.
Socrates (Sokrates) (470/469 BC, Athens, - 399, ibid.), ancient Greek philosopher. Son of a sculptor; preached in the streets and squares, setting as his goal the struggle against the sophists and the education of the youth. He was executed (he took hemlock poison), as the official accusation stated, for the introduction of new deities and for corrupting the youth in a new spirit. Socrates did not leave behind any writings; The most important sources of information about his life and teachings are the works of his students - Xenophon and Plato, in most of whose dialogues Socrates acts as the main character.
Socrates was one of the founders of philosophical dialectics, understood as finding the truth with the help of conversations, that is, posing certain questions and methodically finding answers to them.
There is no addiction in Khory's behavior, and he is not redeemed from the serfs for some practical reasons.
Historian's message.
“Khor got into free people ... who lives without a beard, that Horyu is the greatest.
It's about about the dramatic situation of the peasant, who decided to free himself from serfdom through a ransom. The “free” mule fell into dependence on the “beardless” bureaucratic brethren, who ruined it with extortion and extortion. Officials, by decree of Nicholas I, did not have the right to wear a beard, for which they received the nickname beardless among the people.
Expressive reading from the words "Khor was silent, frowning his thick eyebrows ..." to the words "His knowledge was extensive, but he could not read."
What meaning does the phrase acquire in the context of the story: “Peter the Great was predominantly a Russian person, Russian precisely in his transformations. What is good - he likes it, what is reasonable - give it to him, but where it comes from - he does not care?
This comparison, as well as the comparison of Horya's appearance with Socrates' appearance, gives special significance to the image of Horya.
So behind the plot, the relationship of the characters, questions arise that are extremely exciting for the author - about man and society, about popular character and history, man and state, and they are manifested both in the features of the depiction of characters, and in detailed descriptions settings, scenes, biographies actors.
Which beginning prevails in the image of Khor - rational or ideal? Find the answer to the question in the text.
"Khor was a positive, practical man, an administrative head, a rationalist." At the heart of the character of the hero is a rational principle.
The most important means of characterizing a hero is a parallel with another character, Kalinich. They are clearly contrasted as rationalist and idealist. However, in relations with Kalinych, the hero manifests himself from a different side.
B) Kalinich
2 group
Student presentation: Kalinich too main character story, but he does not at all resemble his friend Khor. Kalinich belonged to the number of idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people. He walked around in bast shoes and managed somehow. He once had a wife, whom he was afraid of, but had no children: Kalinich, unlike Khor, was in awe of his master, explained himself with fervor, "although he did not sing like a nightingale, like a lively factory man." Kalinich was endowed with such advantages that Khor himself recognized: “he spoke blood, fear, rabies, driving out worms; bees were given to him, his hand was light. Kalinich stood closer to nature, he was more touched by the description of mountains, waterfalls than administrative and government issues. He lived in a low hut and could not maintain a household. He could read, sang well, and played the balalaika. Only the music was liked by both Khory and Kalinich, it united them. Khor was very fond of the song “Share, you are mine, share!” and Kalinich knew this well. As soon as he begins to play, Khor begins to pull up in a plaintive voice. Here, for the first time, the theme of the musical talent of the Russian people makes itself known.
Here is how Turgenev describes Kalinych: It was Kalinich. His good-natured swarthy face, in some places marked with rowans, I liked at first sight. Kalinich (as I found out later) went hunting with the master every day, carried his bag, sometimes a gun, noticed where the bird was sitting, got water, gathered strawberries, set up huts, ran after the droshky; without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Kalinich was a man of the most merry, most meek disposition, sang incessantly in an undertone, looked carelessly in all directions, spoke a little through his nose, smiling, screwed up his light blue eyes, and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He walked slowly, but with large steps, slightly propped up by a long and thin stick.
In what form of dependence on their master were Khor and Kalinich. After all, both of them were serfs. Khor - paid the owner a dues, and Kalinich worked out the corvée. Let's remember how these forms of duties differ.
What was the benefit for Horya? But, as they say, gods high , before king -priests far.
The image of Kalinich opens in the "Notes of a Hunter" a number of "free people" from the people: they cannot constantly live in the same place, doing the same thing. This type, with its poetry, softness of soul, sensitive attitude to nature, is no less important for Turgenev than a reasonable and practical hero: they both represent different, but complementary sides of the nature of a Russian person. This unity is harmonious, this is a happy combination in the Russian character of the social and the natural.
Relationships between the main characters. Peasant friendship.
a) teacher's word
We understand that the work is built on opposition. Before us are two different peasants, in character, appearance, attitude towards their master. What was the basis of their mutual respect? Where can we see the relationship between Khory and Kalinych.
B) Reading a passage
(from the words “Both friends did not at all resemble each other ... to the words He saw a lot, knew a lot.)
Turgenev specifically shows these heroes, expressing in them best qualities Russian man. They seem to complement each other, making up one whole. Let's find in the text confirmation of the author's love for his characters.
“I enjoyed listening to them and watching them”
“While talking with Khor, for the first time I heard the simple, intelligent speech of a Russian peasant”
“I was sorry to part with the old man”
"I was occupied with my new acquaintances"
“A Russian person is so confident in his strength and strength that he is not averse to breaking himself: he is little concerned with his past and boldly looks forward”
Group 3 Polutykin
In the work we get acquainted with one small landowner Polutykin.
Not for nothing about Polutykino it is said in passing: this man is so insignificant, so empty in comparison with the full-blooded characters of the peasants. "Great man" sounds ironic. At the end of the story, the phrase sounds: “Shoot yourself black grouse and change the headman more often.” Through the mouth of a serf peasant, Turgenev gives a negative assessment of the cultural and economic possibilities of the Russian nobleman. The peasant treats the landowner with disdain, considering him an empty person, completely unsuited to useful, practical activities.
The teacher's word In the "Notes of a Hunter" in the image of Khory, a certain type of Russian national character was reflected, indicating the viability of a rational, solid, businesslike beginning.
Polutykin's prototype served as landowner N.A. Golofeev, who recognized himself and was very offended by the writer.
Why was he offended?
How does the narrator appear in "Chorus and Kalinich"?
The narrator evokes sympathy among the characters, because he treats people with respect. He searches for the essence of what he saw and heard, comes to generalizations and conclusions, in a word, “explores” the life that interests him.
Game "Who is it?"
All of you guys are well acquainted with the text of the story, it remains to find out how well you understood the images of the main characters.
(Slides #10, 11)
"Sinquain".
(slide number 12)
V. The final part of the lesson.
Lesson summary
Behind the unattractive appearance of the peasants, their simple, and often meager forms of being, the writer was able to consider many truly human, inherently beautiful qualities. And it is no coincidence that already from the first essay "Khor and Kalinich" Belinsky concluded that Turgenev approached the people "from such a side that no one had approached him before him." This was an innovation that had important consequences for all Russian literature.
Filling out diagnostic cards
(Slide number 13)
Slide 14
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"Quiz"
“... the man is small in stature, round-shouldered, gloomy, looks frowningly, lives in trashy aspen huts, goes to corvee, does not engage in trade, eats poorly, wears bast shoes ...” What kind of man are we talking about?
A) Kaluga
B) Orlovsky
B) Penza
D) Tula
“... a village (we are talking about the eastern part of the ... province) is usually located among plowed fields, near a ravine, somehow turned into a dirty pond. Except for a few willows, always ready for service, and two or three skinny birches, you won’t see a tree for a mile around; the hut is molded to the hut, the roofs are thrown over with rotten straw ... ". What province village is the author referring to?
A) about Kaluga
B) about Orlovskaya
B) about Tulskaya
D) about Penza
“... the village, on the contrary, is mostly surrounded by forest; the huts stand freer and straighter, covered with boards; the gates are tightly locked, the wattle fence in the backyard is not swept away and does not fall out, it does not invite any passing pig to visit ... ”The author mentions the village of what province?
A) about Kaluga
B) about Oryol
B) about Tula
D) about Penza
“As a hunter, while visiting the Zhizdrinsky district, I met in the field and met one Kaluga small landowner, ... a passionate hunter and, therefore, an excellent person.” Landlord's last name:
A) chorus
B) Kalinich
B) Polutykin
Name and patronymic of Mr. Polutykin.
A) Porfiry Ivanovich
B) Pankraty Sysoevich
B) Nikolai Kuzmich
D) Ivan Sergeevich
Name of Mr. Polutykin's dog.
A) deli
B) Agronomist
B) an astronomer
D) Metronome
Whose homestead is this? "In the middle of the forest, on a cleared and developed clearing, a solitary manor towered... It consisted of several pine log cabins connected by fences; in front of the main hut stretched a canopy, propped up with thin columns.
A) Chora
B) Kalinych
B) Polutykin
Whose hut is this? " Not a single Suzdal painting covered clean log walls; in the corner, in front of a heavy image in a silver setting, a lamp was glowing; the lime table had recently been scraped and washed; frisky Prussians did not wander between the logs and along the jambs of windows, pensive cockroaches did not hide».
A) Chora
B) Kalinych
B) Polutykin
How many children did Hora have?
A) 6
B) 7
AT 8
D) 9
What quitrent was initially assigned to Horyu?
A) 36 poods of grain
B) 50 rubles
C) 36 rubles
D) 50 pounds of grain
Who are we talking about? “... he was a man of the most cheerful, most meek disposition, constantly sang in an undertone, carelessly looked in all directions, spoke a little through his nose, smiling, screwed up his light blue eyes and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He did not walk quickly, but with large steps, slightly propped up by a long and thin stick.
a) Hora
B) about Kalinich
C) about Polutykin
The name of the unmarried son of Khor.
A) Andrew
B) Zakhar
B) Ivan
D) Fedor
Whose wife are we talking about? “His wife, old and quarrelsome, did not leave the stove all day and incessantly grumbled and scolded; her sons did not pay attention to her, but she kept her daughters-in-law in the fear of God.
A) Chora
B) Kalinych
B) Polutykin
Which of the characters in the story "... sang quite pleasantly and played the balalaika"?
A) chorus
B) Kalinich
B) Polutykin
Favorite song of Khorya performed by Kalinych.
A) "Oh, frost, frost ..."
B) "Oh, viburnum blooms"
C) “You are my share, share!”
D) "Dubinushka"
In what year was the work "Khor and Kalinich" written?
A) 1848
B) 1845
B) 1847
D) 1846
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"Diagnostic card"
Diagnostic card
| Last name, first name | Group score | Teacher evaluation | A comment |
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Diagnostic card
| Last name, first name | Group score | Teacher evaluation | A comment |
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Diagnostic card
| Last name, first name | Group score | Teacher evaluation | A comment |
|
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"Introspection"
SELF-ANALYSIS of a literature lesson in grade 6B
Lesson type: combined
Subject: Characteristics of the heroes of the story "Khor and Kalinich" by I.S. Turgenev.
Teaching methods: analytical conversation, expressive reading, problem question, cinquain, search.
Forms of organization of cognitive activity: individual, group.
The main content of the lesson
The lesson of literature was held in the 6B class on 12/04/2017.
Section "From Russian literature of the 19th century".
aim this lesson is: creating conditions for the formation of text analysis skills as a holistic artwork on the example of I.S. Turgenev's story "Khor and Kalinich".
To achieve the goal, the following tasks were defined:
To analyze and analyze the story of I.S. Turgenev “Khor and Kalinich” as an integral work of art in the unity of form and content; penetrate into the creative laboratory of the writer, having considered the composition, the position of the author and the characters of the characters, the formation of cognitive UUD;
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- to educate a spiritually developed personality, ready for self-knowledge and self-improvement, capable of creative activity, to form a humanistic worldview, citizenship, love and respect for literature; formation of personal UUD
By type of lesson, this is a combined lesson using AMO technology.
In accordance with the topic of the lesson, the purpose and objectives, the forms of organization of educational work were chosen: individual, frontal, group.
Preparation for the lesson: individual messages, reading the story of I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinych"
6B class, 14 people in the class, friendly people in the class interpersonal relationships, children of different levels of development, most of the class are visual children. Students are able to work in groups, are able to listen to each other and interact frontally.
They have the skills of self-evaluation of themselves and mutual evaluation of each other. There is a competitive spirit in the class. Most children are actively involved in learning activities. 2/3 of the students in the class are dominated by a low and medium rate of reading technique, which makes it difficult to perceive works.
The lesson on this topic is the fifth lesson of extracurricular reading.
I tried to build a lesson so that it was productive, interesting and initially sought to establish cooperation between me and the children.
At the organizational stage of the lesson, I created emotional mood to the upcoming work (cut sentences for division into groups). When determining the topic of the lesson, I used the search and research method, using cognitive UUD. When formulating the goal of the lesson by students, regulatory UUD.
On initial stage studying the topic, vocabulary work was carried out, contributing to the development of abstract and logical thinking (rent, corvée, Socrates).
Group work was carried out at the lesson, as an important aspect of the development of communicative UUD.
When working with the work, she provided for the following techniques: understanding the text, comparing and characterizing the characters.
On final stage During the lesson, the guys answered the questions of the quiz, which contributed to the development of personal and communicative UUD.
When fixing the topic, writing syncwine in groups used to develop the ability to find the most important elements in the educational material, draw conclusions and express all this in brief conclusions, Ability to write this short literary work develops children's speech, enriches vocabulary.
The tasks were completed in class. Most of the children coped with all tasks, identified difficulties in work, evaluated their activities and the activities of their classmates in the lesson, which is an important component of regulatory UUD.
The goal of the lesson has been achieved.
Teacher ______________________________________________
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"table"
| Hero | Portrait | social status | Character traits | Relationships with other characters |
| Polutykin |
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"technological map of the lesson Khor and Kalinich"
Routing Literature lesson in 6B class
Lesson topic: Characteristics of the heroes of the story "Khor and Kalinich" by I.S. Turgenev
The purpose of the lesson:
creation of conditions for the formation of the skills of text analysis as a holistic work of art on the example of I.S. Turgenev’s story “Khor and Kalinich”. determine the attitude of the writer to a simple Russian peasant, give a comparative description of the main characters, reveal the active civil position of the author in the poem.
Tasks:
to analyze to analyze the story of I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich" as an integral work of art in the unity of form and content; penetrate into the creative laboratory of the writer, having considered the composition, the position of the author and the characters of the characters, the formation of cognitive UUD;
develop the ability to listen, peer into the word of a work of art, improve the ability to analyze a literary work as an artistic whole in its historical and literary conditionality using the conceptual language of literary criticism; develop the ability of expressive reading, search work skills, associative thinking, work with text; formation of regulatory, communicative UUD;
to educate a spiritually developed personality, ready for self-knowledge and self-improvement, capable of creative activity, to form a humanistic worldview, citizenship, love and respect for literature; formation of personal UUD.
Planned results:
cognitive UUD: search and selection of the necessary information, conscious and arbitrary construction of a speech statement in oral form, free orientation and perception of the text of a work of art, semantic reading;
personal UUD: self-determination, moral and ethical orientation, the ability to self-evaluate one's actions, deeds;
regulatory UUD: goal-setting, planning, self-regulation, selection and awareness by students of what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned;
communicative UUD: planning educational cooperation with the teacher and peers, observing the rules of speech behavior, the ability to express and justify one's point of view.
| Teacher activity | Student activities | Formed UUD |
| I . Organizational moment (motivation to learning activities) Purpose of the stage: inclusion of students in activities at a personally significant level |
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| Good afternoon guys! Upon entering the class, each of you received a small part of the sentence describing one of the heroes of the work. Now I ask you to put together sentences, finding each other, you will be able to identify your group. We have been meeting with the work of the great Russian writer of the 19th century I.S. Turgenev for more than a year. Let's remember which of his works we are already familiar with? (on the slides there are illustrations for the stories "Mumu" and "Bezhin Meadow" - children name these works). | They are divided into groups. Name the work and the hero. | Attention, respect for peers (L); planning educational cooperation with the teacher, peers (TO); mobilization of forces and energy (R). |
| II . Knowledge update Purpose of the stage: repetition of the studied material necessary for the "discovery of new knowledge", and the identification of difficulties in the individual activity of each student. |
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| Early work I.S Turgenev - these are poems, poems, several stories and plays. In the late 40s of the 19th century, Turgenev was already quite famous writer. But the real success came with the publication of the stories "Notes of a Hunter". The great Russian critic V. G. Belinsky explained the increased reader attention to the work, saying: “It is not surprising that the little play “Khor and Kalinich” was such a success: in it the author approached the people from such a side, from which no one had come to him before him came in." All the stories in the "Hunter's Notes" cycle tell about serfs who, in terms of their moral qualities, are portrayed as superior to their heartless masters. Why do you think the cycle of stories was named by Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"? In the center of the story "Khor and Kalinich" are two peasant characters. Turgenev created the image of Khory under the impression of meeting a real peasant, “from nature” and even sent him his essay, which he was very flattered by. I.S. Turgenev gives an accurate description of the way of life and spiritual image of the peasants of various provinces of Russia. TO early XIX V. There were two forms of serfdom: corvée and dues. Let's remember what these words mean. Quiz on the knowledge of the content of the story. | Speakers | Search and selection of the necessary information (P). Motivation to activity (L). Analysis of objects in order to highlight features (P), presentation and argumentation of an opinion (K). Mastering the skills of self-organization, goal-setting, reflection (P); independent selection and formulation of a cognitive goal (P) |
| . "Discovery of new knowledge" The purpose of the stage: ensuring perception, comprehension and primary consolidation educational material students. |
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| The story "Khor and Kalinich" begins with a lengthy author's discussion of how the peasant of the Oryol province differs from the peasant of the Kaluga province. It seems that already at the very beginning of the story, the writer wants to penetrate the secret of the Russian folk character. Turgenev specifically compares two psychological types: the judicious, practical Khory and the dreamy, poetic Kalinich. These are, as it were, two sides of the same coin, two components of a single Russian character. Khor and Kalinich are two sides of a single national Russian character, in which a sober attitude to life coexists - and daydreaming, efficiency, enterprise and disregard for material well-being. Kalinich is closer to nature, Khor is closer to people, to society. The whole story is built on the antithesis - the image of two opposite, but complementary Russian characters. What is the meaning of the narrator in comparing Khory with Socrates? Why does Khor not want to free himself from serfdom? How is the landowner Polutykin depicted in the story? What is the meaning of the author's assessment - "an excellent person"? | Comparative characteristics of Horya, Kalinych and Polutykin. Work with text. The groups complete the tables. Presentation of the work of groups. | Performing logical operations: analysis, synthesis (P). Possession of all types of speech activity; extraction of information; processing, systematization of information and its presentation different ways; initiative cooperation in the search and collection of information in groups (C). Monitoring and evaluation of the achieved results of one's own and other people's activities and the necessary correction in the process of activity (P). Motivation to activity (L). Establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, representation of chains of objects and phenomena (Log). Hypotheses and their justification; planning educational cooperation with the teacher, peers (K). Moral and aesthetic orientation (L). Awareness and arbitrary construction of a speech statement in oral form; search for the necessary information (P). Search and selection of the necessary information, conscious and arbitrary construction of a speech statement in oral form; semantic reading; extracting the necessary information from the text (P). Analysis, generalization, definition of the concept; building logically sound reasoning; presentation of information in different forms (P). Understanding the position of the other, expressed explicitly and implicitly (dialogue with the author of the text); processing, systematization of information (K). Awareness of the integrity of the world and the diversity of views on it, the development of their own worldview positions (L) |
| V .Result of the lesson (reflection of activity) Purpose of the stage : awareness of the student of their educational activities, self-assessment of the results of their activities and the whole class. |
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| "Sinquain". At the end of the lesson, students are invited to write a syncwine based on the material studied. Cinquain is a five-line stanza. 1st line - one keyword that determines the content of the syncwine; 2nd line - two adjectives characterizing this concept; 3rd line - three verbs denoting an action within a given topic; 4th line - a short sentence revealing the essence of the topic or attitude to it; The 5th line is a synonym for the keyword (noun). What is the innovation of I.S. Turgenev? How does I.S. Turgenev show the common people? What place do these stories occupy in the literature of the 19th century? Behind the unattractive appearance of the peasants, their simple, and often meager forms of being, the writer was able to consider many truly human, inherently beautiful qualities. And it is no coincidence that already from the first essay "Khor and Kalinich" Belinsky concluded that Turgenev approached the people "from such a side that no one had approached him before him." This was an innovation that had important consequences for all Russian literature. | They determine the degree of compliance with the set goal and the results of the activity, mark the most difficult and most liked episodes of the lesson, and express value judgments. Mark successful responses interesting questions classmates, group members. Filling out diagnostic cards | Sufficient completeness of the expression of thought in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication (K). Evaluation of the degree and ways of achieving the goal in educational and life situations (P). Awareness of one's emotions, adequate expression and understanding emotional state other people (L). |
| V . Homework |
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| Write a miniature essay. After such active work with the text, we need to sum up. It will result in a small written work for us: write what you learned on the topic of the lesson, ask a question to which you did not receive an answer. | Write down homework | |
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"public lesson"
“... it is not surprising that the little play “Khor and Kalinich” was such a success: in it, the author approached the people from such a side, from which no one had approached him before.”
V.G. Belinsky
Characteristic
story characters
"Khor and Kalinich"
quitrent- one of the obligations of dependent peasants, which consists in paying the landowner in food or money.
Corvee- gratuitous forced labor of a serf who works with his own inventory in the lordly (landlord) economy.
HORE
... a high, knobby forehead, the same small eyes, the same snub nose.
... filled with laughter, and his small eyes disappeared completely.
... the old man is bald, short, broad-shouldered and dense
(He) was occupied with administrative and state issues
... spawned a large family, submissive and unanimous
KALINYCH
His good-natured swarthy face, in some places marked with rowans
(He) was more moved by descriptions of nature, mountains, waterfalls, extraordinary buildings, big cities
... did not like to argue and believed everything blindly ...
… sang rather pleasantly and played the balalaika.
... there was once a wife whom he was afraid of, but there were no children at all.
Reflection "Sinquain".
1st line - essay "Khor and Kalinich";
2nd line - two adjectives characterizing this concept;
3rd line - three verbs denoting an action within a given topic;
4th line - a short sentence revealing the essence of the topic or attitude to it;
The 5th line is a synonym for the keyword (noun).
Subject. I.S. Turgenev. Hunter's Notes. "Khor and Kalinich".
Objectives: to test understanding of a self-read story; to determine the attitude of the writer to a simple Russian peasant, to give a comparative description of the main characters; determine the place of the "Notes of a Hunter" in the work of I.S. Turgenev and Russian literature; develop analytical reading skills.
Equipment: interactive whiteboard; presentation; texts, writing on the blackboard.
During the classes
Organizational part
Entry into the topic.
teacher's word
(1 slide)
We have been meeting with the work of the great Russian writer of the 19th century I.S. Turgenev for more than a year. Let's remember which of his works we are already familiar with? (on the slides there are illustrations for the stories "Mumu" and "Bezhin Meadow" - children name these works).
(slide 2,3)
An individual task for today's lesson was to prepare a presentation on the life and work of I.S. Turgenev. Let's give the floor to your friend.
(A presentation student talks about the biography of I.S. Turgenev)
PRESENTATION №2 of individual work.
Speech by a student on the prepared presentation "Biography of I.S. Turgenev"
Main part
teacher's word
Indeed, despite the fact that Turgenev was a landowner, he was critical of serfdom. Suffice it to recall the story "Mumu", where the example of the janitor Gerasim shows all the lack of rights of serfdom. Today we will get acquainted with another work, which is included in the cycle of stories "Notes of a Hunter" and is called "Khor and Kalinich".
(slide number 4)
The history of the cycle "Notes of a hunter". The early works of I.S. Turgenev are poems, poems, several stories and plays. In the late 40s of the 19th century, Turgenev was already a fairly well-known writer. But the real success came with the publication of the stories "Notes of a Hunter".
The great Russian critic V. G. Belinsky explained the increased reader attention to the work, saying: “It is not surprising that the little play “Khor and Kalinich” was such a success: in it the author approached the people from such a side, from which no one had come to him before him came in." All the stories in the "Hunter's Notes" cycle tell about serfs who, in terms of their moral qualities, are portrayed as superior to their heartless masters.
Why do you think the cycle of stories was named by Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter"? (Turgenev was an avid hunter, hunters always have a lot of interesting stories in store, for censorship reasons)
(slide number 5)
So, the essay “Khor and Kalinich” (1747) appeared first, which made a huge impression on readers.
Remind me what the term "essay" means? (A small piece of literature that gives a short, expressive description of something.)
In the center of the essay "Khor and Kalinich" are two peasant characters. Turgenev created the image of Khory under the impression of meeting with a real peasant, "from nature" and even sent him his essay, which he was very flattered by. The prototype of Polutykin was the landowner N.A. Golofeev, who recognized himself and was very offended by the writer.
Why was he offended?
(slide number 6)
The story "Khor and Kalinich" begins with a lengthy author's discussion of how the peasant of the Oryol province differs from the peasant of the Kaluga province. It seems that already at the very beginning of the story, the writer wants to penetrate the secret of the Russian folk character.
(the teacher reads out an excerpt from the words “Who happened to words and scares the dog)
Turgenev specifically compares two psychological types: the judicious, practical Khory and the dreamy, poetic Kalinich. These are, as it were, two sides of the same coin, two components of a single Russian character.
Khor and Kalinich are two sides of a single national Russian character, in which a sober attitude to life coexists - and daydreaming, efficiency, enterprise and disregard for material well-being. Kalinich is closer to nature, Khor is closer to people, to society. The whole story is built on the antithesis - the image of two opposite, but complementary Russian characters.
Comparative characteristics of Horya and Kalinich. Work with text.
(slide number 7)
Now let's turn to the main characters of the story.
Give a detailed comparative description of Khory and Kalinich. Support your opinion with text.
A) chorus
Student's speech: Khor is one of the main characters of the story. He is a positive, practical, administrative head, rationalist. Having settled in the swamp, Khor managed to get rich. He settled down, "saved some money", got along with the master and other authorities, spawned a large family, submissive and unanimous Khor spoke little, chuckled to himself, he saw through his master. Khor stood closer to people, to society, he was occupied with administrative and state issues. His knowledge was quite, in its own way, extensive, but he could not read. Hor could not live without work, he was constantly doing something: he repaired the cart, then he propped up the fence, then he reviewed the harness. He lived in the estate, which towered in the middle of the forest, in a cleared and developed clearing.
This is how Turgenev gives us a description of Khor: On the threshold of the hut, an old man, bald, short, broad-shouldered and thick, Khor himself met me. I looked at this Horya with curiosity. The make-up of his face was reminiscent of Socrates: the same high, knobby forehead, the same small eyes, the same snub-nosed nose.
B) Kalinich
Student's speech: Kalinich is also the main character of the story, but he does not at all look like his friend Khor. Kalinich belonged to the number of idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people. He walked around in bast shoes and managed somehow. He once had a wife, whom he was afraid of, but had no children: Kalinich, unlike Khor, was in awe of his master, explained himself with fervor, "although he did not sing like a nightingale, like a lively factory man." Kalinich was endowed with such advantages that Khor himself recognized: “he spoke blood, fear, rabies, driving out worms; bees were given to him, his hand was light. Kalinich stood closer to nature, he was more touched by the description of mountains, waterfalls than by administrative and state issues. He lived in a low hut and could not maintain a household. He could read, sang well, and played the balalaika. Only the music was liked by both Khory and Kalinich, it united them. Khor was very fond of the song “Share, you are mine, share!” and Kalinich knew this well. As soon as he begins to play, Khor begins to pull up in a plaintive voice. Here, for the first time, the theme of the musical talent of the Russian people makes itself known.
This is how Turgenev describes Kalinych: It was Kalinych. His good-natured swarthy face, in some places marked with rowans, I liked at first sight. Kalinich (as I found out later) went hunting with the master every day, carried his bag, sometimes a gun, noticed where the bird was sitting, got water, gathered strawberries, set up huts, ran after the droshky; without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Kalinich was a man of the most merry, most meek disposition, sang incessantly in an undertone, looked carelessly in all directions, spoke a little through his nose, smiling, screwed up his light blue eyes, and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He walked slowly, but with large steps, slightly propped up by a long and thin stick.
In what form of dependence on their master were Khor and Kalinich. After all, both of them were serfs. Khor - paid the owner a dues, and Kalinich worked out the corvée. Let's remember how these forms of duties differ.
Obro
k - one of the obligations of dependent peasants, which consists in paying the landowner in food or money. Corvee - gratuitous forced labor of a serf who works with his own inventory in the lordly (landlord) economy.
What was the benefit for Horya? But as they say, God is high, far from the Tsar-father.
(Slides No. 8,9)
Relationships between the main characters. Peasant friendship.
a) teacher's word
We understand that the work is built on opposition. Before us are two different peasants, in character, appearance, attitude towards their master. What was the basis of their mutual respect? Where can we see the relationship between Khory and Kalinych.
B) Reading a passage
(from the words “Both friends did not at all resemble each other to the words He saw a lot, knew a lot.)
Turgenev specifically shows these heroes, expressing in them the best qualities of the Russian peasant. They seem to complement each other, making up one whole. Let's find in the text confirmation of the author's love for his characters.
“I enjoyed listening to them and watching them”
“While talking with Khor, for the first time I heard the simple, intelligent speech of a Russian peasant”
“I was sorry to part with the old man”
"I was occupied with my new acquaintances"
“A Russian person is so confident in his strength and strength that he is not averse to breaking himself: he is little concerned with his past and boldly looks forward”
Game "Who is it?"
All of you guys are well acquainted with the text of the story, it remains to find out how well you understood the images of the main characters.
(Slides No. 10,11)
13 EMBED PowerPoint.Slide.12 1415
creative writing work
(slide number 12)
After such active work with the text, we need to sum up. It will result in our small written work “Which of the heroes of the story did I like? Why?"
IV. The final part of the lesson.
Lesson summary
What is the innovation of I.S. Turgenev? How does I.S. Turgenev show the common people? What place do these stories occupy in the literature of the 19th century?
Homework
(Slide number 13)
Finish the miniature essay.
Read the story of I.S. Turgenev "Biryuk".
slide 1
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Notes of a hunter" Completed by: 10th grade student Shishenina Svetlanaslide 2
short biography Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich. (28.X.1818 - 22.VIII.1883) Prose writer, poet, playwright, critic, publicist, memoirist, translator. Born in the family of Sergei Nikolaevich and Varvara Petrovna Turgenev. Turgenev's childhood passed in the parental estate of Spassky-Lutovinovo, near the city of Mtsensk, Oryol province; his first teacher was his mother's serf secretary Fyodor Lobanov. By the age of 14, Turgenev was fluent in three languages. foreign languages and managed to get acquainted with the best works of European and Russian literature.
slide 3
First works In his student years, Turgenev began to write. His first attempts at poetry were translations, short poems, lyric poems, and the drama The Wall (1834), written in the then fashionable romantic spirit. In 1843, Turgenev was enrolled in the minister's office, but soon lost faith in his hopes, lost all interest in the service, and two years later he retired. In the same year, Turgenev's poem "Parasha" was published, and a little later - Belinsky's sympathetic review of it. These events decided the fate of Turgenev: from now on, literature becomes for him the main business of life. Following Parasha, the poetic poems Conversation (1844), Andrei (1845), Landowner (1845) appear, but after them, with almost the same regularity, prose novels and stories are written - Andrei Kolosov (1844), "Three Portraits" (1847). In addition, Turgenev also wrote plays - a dramatic essay "Indiscretion" (1843) and a comedy lack of money "(1846). The aspiring writer is looking for his way. He is seen as a student of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, but a student close to creative maturity.
slide 4
Lyubov Turgenev In 1843, Turgenev met the singer Pauline Viardot (Viardo-Garcia), love for whom would largely determine the outward course of his life. From the beginning of 1847 to June 1850 he lives abroad (in Germany, France; Turgenev witness french revolution 1848): closely communicates with P. V. Annenkov, A. I. Herzen, gets acquainted with J. Sand, P. Merimet, A. de Musset, F. Chopin, C. Gounod; writes the novels "Petushkov" (1848), "Diary extra person"(1850), the comedies" The Bachelor "(1849)," Where it is thin, it breaks there "," Provincial Woman "(both 1851), the psychological drama A Month in the Country" (1855). ; until 1871 they live in Baden (at the end of the Franco-Prussian war). Pauline Viardot
slide 5
"Notes of a Hunter" In Turgenev's transition from poetic experiments to "Notes of a Hunter" his friendship with Belinsky played an exceptional role. It lasted about five years, and only the death of the great critic in 1848 broke it off. All the efforts of Belinsky in the last period of his life were aimed at uniting writers who continued to gogol traditions condemnation of the autocracy. Turgenev's stories were, as it were, a response to Belinsky's call to feel sympathy for the oppressed people, to show the immorality of slavery, which prevented the "fertile grain of Russian life" from germinating. Turgenev's passion for hunting greatly contributed to his literary activity. In Spassky, they lived until late autumn, engaged exclusively in hunting, not thinking about literature. Hunting brought the writer closer to the people, opened pictures for him village life. Looking into remote villages, Turgenev gazed intently at the peasant and landowner life, eagerly absorbed the people's speech. After that, Turgenev again returns to St. Petersburg.
slide 6
Hunting helped him penetrate deeply into the innermost secrets of nature. The observations made by the writer during his stay in the countryside were so abundant that he had enough material for several years of work, as a result of which a book was formed that opened new era in Russian literature. The story he wrote for the first issue of Sovremennik was called Khor and Kalinich. In literary circles and among readers, "Khor and Kalinich" caused unanimous approval and immediately raised the author high in general opinion. It became clear that Turgenev had embarked on his true path.
Slide 7
The value of Belinsky's "Notes of a Hunter" is eloquently shown by his dying review of Russian literature for 1847, where he wrote: "Not all of his stories are of the same merit: some are better, others are weaker, but there is not a single one among them that would be more than something was not interesting, entertaining and instructive. “Khor and Kalinich” still remains the best of all the stories of the hunter, followed by “Burgeon”, and after “Ovsyannikov’s Odnodvorets” and “Office”. It is impossible not to wish that Turgenev would write at least whole volumes of such stories. Before Turgenev's book, Russian literature had not yet known such a wealth and variety of "types". In the field of view of former writers, only occasionally were peasant women and village children. With the stories "Date", "Yermolai and the Miller's Woman", "Bezhin Meadow" and "Living Powers" Turgenev filled this gap.
7th grade
Program of G.S. Merkin
Lesson number 26.
Subject. "Khor and Kalinich". Natural mind, diligence, ingenuity of heroes. Complex social relations in the village in the image of I.S. Turgenev.
Target :
to identify different, but complementary aspects of the nature of a Russian person - social and natural;
develop skills of expressive reading, work with illustrations, lexical work;
to form the moral and aesthetic ideas of students in the course of identifying the lexical meaning of the word "servility".
Equipment: literature textbooks for grade 7, workbooks, multimedia presentation.
DURING THE CLASSES.
I. Organizational moment.
II. Learning new material.
1. Message of the topic, goal, lesson plan.
2. Analysis of the content of the story "Khor and Kalinich".
2.1. Conversation on primary perception.
Did you like the story? Why is it so named?
Which character do you like the most? Why?
2.2. Teacher's word.
The "Notes of a Hunter" depicts provincial Russia. The theme itself seems to rule out critical outlets to state Russia, without presenting any danger to the "higher spheres." Perhaps this circumstance partly lulled censorship. But Turgenev widens the curtain of the provincial scene, showing what is happening there, behind the scenes. The reader feels the deadening pressure of those spheres of life that hang over the Russian provinces, which dictate their own laws to it.
2.3. An expressive reading of the episode to the students from the beginning to the words "... the bustling partridge amuses and frightens the shooter and the dog with its impetuous take-off."
2.4. The report of the "historian" about the Volkhov and Zhizdrinsky districts (based on the materials of the story).
Volkhov district in the Orel province (non-black earth), Zhizdrensky - in Kaluga (non-black earth).
2.5. Teacher's word.
I.S. Turgenev gives an accurate description of the way of life and spiritual image of the peasants of various provinces of Russia. By the beginning of the XIX century. There were two forms of serfdom: corvée and dues.
Corvee - gratuitous forced labor of a dependent peasant working with personal equipment on the farm of a land owner. Corvee could include field work, cart service, construction and handicraft work, and logging.
quitrent - one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists in paying tribute to the landowner in food or money.
The difference in socio-economic conditions in its own way was also reflected in the characters of the black earth peasants, where corvee existed, and non-black earth provinces, where dues were common.
"And on the plowed land he carved his own woman." The boundaries of the landed estates, not established by strict legislative acts, were a constant pretext for noble civil strife, from which the serfs, who were deprived of their land, suffered first of all. Wealthy landlords, using their position, shamelessly cut the land from small neighbors.
For centuries, an unnatural order of things took shape, entered the flesh and blood of the national character, and left its harsh stamp even on the nature of Russia. Throughout the book, Turgenev drew a steady, recurring motif of a mutilated landscape. It first appears in Chora and Kalinich, where the Oryol village is briefly reported.
What detail in the episode testifies to this?
How is the landowner Polutykin depicted in the story? What is the meaning of the author's assessment - "an excellent person"?
2.6. Expressive reading to students from the words “Visiting Zhizdrinsky district as a hunter ...” to the words “... Mr. Polutykin was, as already mentioned, an excellent person” and from the words “And this is my office ...” to the words “ ... I sold the merchant Alliluyev four acres of wood for a bargain price.
2.7. The message of the "literary critic".
“He praised the works of Akim Nakhimov and the story of Pinnu” - a laconic description of Polutykin's poor spiritual inquiries. A.N. Nakhimov (1783-1815) - satirist poet. "Pinna" is an AA story. Markov (1810-1876). V.G. Belinsky wrote that with the death of the hero of this story, "there was one less fool in the world - the only encouraging thought that the reader can take out of this nonsense."
It is not for nothing that Polutykin is mentioned in passing: this man is so insignificant, so empty in comparison with the full-blooded characters of the peasants. "Great man" sounds ironic.
2.8. Historian's message.
At the end of the story, the phrase sounds: “Shoot yourself black grouse and change the headman more often.” Through the mouth of a serf peasant, Turgenev gives a negative assessment of the cultural and economic possibilities of the Russian nobleman. The peasant treats the landowner with disdain, considering him an empty person, completely unsuited to useful, practical activities.
Turgenev shows in the book a social conflict, dramatically confronts two national images of the world, two Russias - official, feudal, deadening life, on the one hand, and people's peasant life, lively and poetic, on the other. And all heroes gravitate towards one of the two poles - "dead" or "alive".
2.9. An expressive reading from the words “We went to him ...” to the words “Look, Vasya ... you are taking the gentleman”, from the words “But why: he is a smart man with me” to the words “Yes, no matter how it is! ..".
How is Horus depicted in the story?
Khor personifies a healthy practical principle: being a quitrent peasant, Khor lives independently of his landowner, Polutykin, his economy is well-established, he has many children. The author especially notes the active mind of his hero as an integral part of his nature.
2.10. Expressive reading by roles from the words "The warehouse of his face resembled Socrates ..." to the words "You are a strong man, and you are on your mind."
What is the meaning of the narrator in comparing Khory with Socrates?
Comparison is a high characteristic of the mental abilities of a serf.
2.11. Student's report on Socrates.
Socrates (Sokrates) (470/469 BC, Athens, - 399, ibid.), ancient Greek philosopher. Son of a sculptor; preached in the streets and squares, setting as his goal the struggle against the sophists and the education of the youth. He was executed (he took hemlock poison), as the official accusation stated, for the introduction of new deities and for corrupting the youth in a new spirit. Socrates did not leave behind any writings; The most important sources of information about his life and teachings are the works of his students - Xenophon and Plato, in most of whose dialogues Socrates acts as the main character.
Socrates was one of the founders of philosophical dialectics, understood as finding the truth with the help of conversations, that is, posing certain questions and methodically finding answers to them.
Why does Khor not want to free himself from serfdom?
There is no addiction in Khory's behavior, and he is not redeemed from the serfs for some practical reasons.
2.12. Historian's message.
"Horyu got into free people ... whoever lives without a beard, that Horyu is the largest."
We are talking about the dramatic situation of the peasant, who decided to free himself from serfdom through a ransom. The “free” mule fell into dependence on the “beardless” bureaucratic brethren, who ruined it with extortion and extortion. Officials, by decree of Nicholas I, did not have the right to wear a beard, for which they received the nickname beardless among the people.
2.13. Expressive reading from the words "Khor was silent, frowning thick eyebrows ..." to the words "His knowledge was extensive, but he could not read."
What meaning does the phrase acquire in the context of the story: “Peter the Great was predominantly a Russian person, Russian precisely in his transformations. What is good - he likes it, what is reasonable - give it to him, but where it comes from - he does not care?
This comparison, as well as the comparison of Horya's appearance with Socrates' appearance, gives special significance to the image of Horya.
So behind the plot, the relationship of the characters, questions arise that are extremely exciting for the author - about man and society, about the national character and history, man and the state, and they appear both in the features of the depiction of characters and in detailed descriptions of the situation, scene, biographies of the characters. .
Which beginning prevails in the image of Khor - rational or ideal? Find the answer to the question in the text.
"Khor was a positive, practical man, an administrative head, a rationalist." At the heart of the character of the hero is a rational principle.
The most important means of characterizing the hero is a parallel with another character, Kalinich. They are clearly contrasted as rationalist and idealist. However, in relations with Kalinych, the hero manifests himself from a different side.
2.14. Appeal to the illustration in the textbook "Khor and Kalinich". Artist P.P. Sokolov.
What episode of the story is depicted in the illustration by P.P. Sokolov? What traits of Horya's character are manifested in relations with Kalinych?
2.15. An expressive reading of the episode from the words "Kalinych sang quite pleasantly..." to the words "complain about his fate".
Friendship with Kalinych reveals such traits in the image of Khor as an understanding of music and nature.
What is Kalinich in the story of I.S. Turgenev? How does the landowner Polutykin speak of him?
2.16. An expressive reading from the words "The next day we immediately after tea ..." to the words "... meek and clear, like the evening sky."
The everyday life of a hero who does not have business acumen is poorly organized: he has no family, he has to spend all the time with his landowner Polutykin, go hunting with him, etc. At the same time, there is no servility in Kalinich's behavior, he loves and respects Polutykin, completely trusts him and watches him like a child.
2.17. Lexical work:servility.
SLAVERY (bookish contempt.). Flattering servility, servility, humble obedience in relation to someone or something.
In contrast to Khoryu, Kalinich symbolizes the poetic side of the Russian national character. In what way does it manifest itself?
2.18. An expressive reading from the words "... they spoke to me at ease ..." to the words "... and I learned a lot from him."
The poetic side of the character is manifested in daydreaming, enthusiasm, neglect of material wealth, kindness, love for people, the desire to serve them, trust in the world, moral purity, in a touching friendship with Khorem.
III. Summing up the lesson.
In the "Notes of a Hunter" in the image of Khory, a certain type of Russian national character was reflected, indicating the viability of a rational, solid, businesslike beginning.
The image of Kalinich opens in the "Notes of a Hunter" a number of "free people" from the people: they cannot constantly live in the same place, doing the same thing. This type, with its poetry, softness of soul, sensitive attitude to nature, is no less important for Turgenev than a reasonable and practical hero: they both represent different, but complementary sides of the nature of a Russian person. This unity is harmonious, this is a happy combination in the Russian character of the social and the natural.
How does the narrator appear in "Chorus and Kalinich"?
The narrator evokes sympathy among the characters, because he treats people with respect. He searches for the essence of what he saw and heard, comes to generalizations and conclusions, in a word, “explores” the life that interests him.
IV. Homework.
2.Individual tasks:
Compose a story about Nikolai Ivanovich, Morgach, Stupid, Wild Master;
Prepare the comments of the "historian" to the phrase "nicknamed in the neighborhood Stryganikha ...";
Prepare a message about the songs “Not one path ran in the field ...”, “I will plow a young, young ...”.
